EP4658088A1 - Vorrichtung zur erzeugung gepulster elektrischer felder und deren verwendung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur erzeugung gepulster elektrischer felder und deren verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4658088A1 EP4658088A1 EP24703316.0A EP24703316A EP4658088A1 EP 4658088 A1 EP4658088 A1 EP 4658088A1 EP 24703316 A EP24703316 A EP 24703316A EP 4658088 A1 EP4658088 A1 EP 4658088A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- electrodes
- electrode
- electroporation
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/60—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with electric currents without heating effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/015—Preserving by irradiation or electric treatment without heating effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B70/00—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23B70/50—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by irradiation or electric treatment, without heating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N1/00—Machines or apparatus for extracting juice
- A23N1/006—Machines or apparatus for extracting juice by electroplasmolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4608—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods using electrical discharges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N13/00—Treatment of microorganisms or enzymes with electrical or wave energy, e.g. magnetism, sonic waves
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/327—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for enhancing the absorption properties of tissue, e.g. by electroporation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C02F2001/46138—Electrodes comprising a substrate and a coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4616—Power supply
- C02F2201/46175—Electrical pulses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/04—Disinfection
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
- C12M35/02—Electrical or electromagnetic means, e.g. for electroporation or for cell fusion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for generating pulsed electric fields for the electroporation of cells comprising at least two electrodes, at least one of which is partially or completely coated, wherein the coating has a combination of suitable dielectric constant, suitable specific resistance and suitable dielectric strength.
- the invention further relates to the use of a device according to the invention for the electroporation of cells and/or for the treatment of foodstuffs and/or for facilitating a subsequent processing step for foodstuffs.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a device according to the invention and a method for operating this device, in particular for the electroporation of cells.
- Pulsed electric fields are used to treat foodstuffs including water.
- the foodstuff or water to be treated is placed between two electrodes and treated with electrical pulses.
- the applied electrical field strengths are several 10 kV/cm, the pulse times a few ps.
- the fields are applied by a generator within ⁇ 100 ns.
- electrodes are used that have good electrical conductivity.
- Stainless steel and titanium materials are often used for food applications. Due to the good electrical conductivity, when pulsed electrical fields are applied, an active power is generated by the flow of current, which, as an ohmic resistance heater, leads to an increase in temperature, so that the liquid food to be treated is unintentionally heated and increased energy consumption occurs.
- the increase in temperature often damages sensitive components of the food, for example bioactive substances in milk such as lactoferrin, IgA, IgG, TGF-ß1, TGF-ß2, vitamins or natural flavors in juices. In addition, this temperature effect naturally also promotes fouling. Coatings of electrodes have been proposed and investigated many times.
- DE102018201498 describes a device that is intended to protect the electrodes against deposits.
- a holder is described that either preventively suppresses the deposits and/or subsequently removes existing deposits.
- One embodiment is surface coatings that are applied to at least part of the electrode.
- Non-stick coatings preferably made of a hydrophobic material, are described as surface coatings:
- Hydrophobic surface coatings are those that are water-repellent, i.e. water beads off of them. Hydrophobic surfaces have a water contact angle of over 90°, whereby the contact angle can be measured, for example, with a contact angle goniometer.”
- the object of the present invention was to provide a device for generating pulsed electric fields for the electroporation of cells and/or the treatment of foodstuffs, which has an electrode that is stable over the long term, but at the same time has a suitable property window for a preferred energy-saving mode of operation and with good effectiveness.
- low temperatures should preferably be ensured during operation in order to expose the goods to be treated to as little heat as possible.
- a device for generating pulsed electric fields for the electroporation of cells comprising at least two electrodes, of which at least one is partially or completely coated, wherein the coating
- DK dielectric constant of 5 - 50, preferably 7 - 40, more preferably 10 - 30 under standard conditions and at a frequency of 1 MHz
- - has a specific resistance of > 10 10 Qm, preferably > 10 11 Qm, more preferably > 10 12 Qm under standard conditions and a frequency of 1 MHz and
- - has a dielectric strength of > 20 V/pm, preferably > 30 V/pm, more preferably > 40 V/pm under standard conditions.
- a “device for generating pulsed electric fields for electroporation of cells” within the meaning of this text is an arrangement of components that is specifically designed to cause electroporation. This term therefore does not include devices that generate pulsed electric fields but where it cannot be ruled out that individual or a few cells (accidentally) enter the effective range of the pulsed electric fields, so that electroporation of these cells cannot be ruled out.
- a “device for generating pulsed electric fields for electroporation of cells” is therefore designed to treat a large number of cells accordingly.
- electroporation preferably means irreversible electroporation.
- a partially coated electrode can only be coated on one side, e.g. on the side facing the other electrode.
- a relatively low dielectric constant is sufficient for the coating to be used according to the invention to achieve good results in the field of electroporation on the one hand and to provide electrodes that have a significantly longer service life compared to uncoated electrodes and also to some extent compared to the electrodes used in the prior art.
- the coating according to the invention enables good electroporation results with a relatively low electrical energy per quantity of the treated goods, in particular a foodstuff to be treated.
- the dielectric strength of the layer material should be significantly higher, preferably at least twice as high, more preferably at least 10 times as high as the field strengths occurring in the coating.
- TiO2 performs best in terms of electrical parameters, it is unsuitable as an electrode coating due to its high interaction with water.
- SiSN4 has the best values in terms of barrier properties against water and chloride ions.
- Z1O2 has a water absorption of ⁇ 0.01% and a higher DK.
- Deposition is therefore preferably carried out in a vacuum (PVD, CVD), as this produces the best layer qualities.
- the device according to the invention has more than two electrodes. In this way, the alternating field generation can be optimized by appropriate placement of the electrodes. It is particularly preferred that several electrodes are operated simultaneously with one power supply. In a tubular collinear treatment chamber, the differently polarized electrodes can be alternately connected in series in order to increase the treatment intensity and thus increase the throughput. operate several treatment chambers with one power supply by connecting the electrode pairs of the individual treatment chambers in parallel. Mixed forms, i.e. parallel connection of series circuits, are also preferred. Using these circuits, the necessary treatment intensity can be ideally adapted to the material to be treated for a given power supply.
- a device according to the invention is preferred, wherein the coating of the electrode comprises at least two elements selected from the group consisting of Si, C, O, N, Ti, Zr, Ta, Sr, Zn, Nb, H, Mg and Al or consists of two or more of these elements.
- a device according to the invention is also preferred, wherein the coating comprises or consists of titanate, titanium oxide, zirconate, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, nitride, particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of amorphous titanium dioxide, rutile, silicon nitride, zirconium dioxide and/or steatite.
- the person skilled in the art will ensure that the materials of the coating meet the inventive parameters described above. For example, the person skilled in the art will not use coating material with a dielectric constant of >50 as a pure substance, but will mix such material with coating material with a suitable lower dielectric constant, naturally also taking the other parameter ranges mentioned above into account.
- the above-mentioned preferred materials for the coating to be used according to the invention have proven to be particularly suitable for achieving the property windows of dielectric constant (DK), specific resistance and dielectric strength that are important for the invention.
- DK dielectric constant
- a particularly preferred material for the coating is SisN4, particularly preferably in amorphous form.
- a device according to the invention is preferred, wherein the coating is a coating deposited from the gas phase, preferably in a PVD or CVD process, more preferably in a PE-CVD or sputtering process, wherein more preferably the deposition has taken place under low-pressure conditions.
- low-pressure conditions exist when the pressure is ⁇ 1 mbar. It has been found that the property window required according to the invention for the coatings can be achieved particularly easily and reliably using PVD or CVD processes, in particular using PE-CVD or sputtering processes. In particular, this allows layers to be produced reliably that are largely free of defects.
- the coating to be used according to the invention on the electrodes of the device according to the invention is amorphous.
- “Amorphous” in the sense of this text means X-ray amorphous, i.e. when characterizing a TEM lamella less than 5% of the examined area (100 nm x 100 nm) is crystalline and preferably no crystallinity can be determined by XRD.
- a device according to the invention for generating pulsed fields with a preferred amorphous coating on the electrode for the coating has a dielectric constant DK of 5 - 30, preferably 7 - 30, more preferably 8 - 25 and particularly preferably 10 - 20 under standard conditions and a frequency of 1 MHz.
- Such dielectric constants which are surprisingly low, nevertheless ensure successful operation of the device according to the invention.
- the device can thus be operated with particularly long-term stability and in an energy-saving manner.
- a device according to the invention wherein the coating has a specific resistance of > 10 9 Qm, preferably e 10 1 ° Qm, more preferably > 10 11 Qm under standard conditions and a frequency of 1 MHz after three months under operating conditions.
- the high retention of the specific resistance is an expression of the property of the coating used in the invention to produce little, preferably no, to absorb water. This in turn increases the durability of the coating used according to the invention on the electrode, which in turn protects the electrode for longer.
- a device according to the invention wherein the coating has a dielectric strength of > 10 V/pm, preferably 20 V/pm, more preferably 30 V/pm under standard conditions after three months under operating conditions.
- the preservation of the dielectric strength upon contact with water is also proof of the high quality of the coating used according to the invention and also contributes to the preservation of the coating and thus of the electrode under stress.
- a device according to the invention wherein the coating has a layer thickness d at points on the electrode where the highest electric field strengths occur, between 0.5 pm - 100 pm, preferably 1 pm - 20 pm, more preferably 1 pm - 10 pm, more preferably 1 pm - 5 pm.
- a further preferred lower limit for the layer thickness range is 1.2 pm.
- the areas where the highest field strengths occur are particularly the areas that are directly or adjacent to the necessary insulators that separate the electrodes from each other. In the case of the coplanar electrode arrangement, these are areas with a particularly small distance between the electrodes.
- the preferred layer thickness for the layer to be used according to the invention enables a good compromise between the insulating and protective properties of the coating and, at the same time, the efficiency of the electrode in generating the alternating fields.
- a device according to the invention wherein the coating on the side facing away from the electrode has an anti-fouling layer, preferably in the form of a hydrophilic coating, more preferably as a PE-CVD coating and/or as a hydrogel and/or wherein the device is designed so that a flowable mass, in particular a liquid, is arranged between the two electrodes and/or wherein the device has a conveying device in order to pass material to be treated between the electrodes.
- an anti-fouling layer preferably in the form of a hydrophilic coating, more preferably as a PE-CVD coating and/or as a hydrogel and/or wherein the device is designed so that a flowable mass, in particular a liquid, is arranged between the two electrodes and/or wherein the device has a conveying device in order to pass material to be treated between the electrodes.
- An anti-fouling layer in the sense of the present invention is a coating that counteracts protein adsorption.
- An anti-fouling layer in the sense of the present invention is one in which the adsorption of the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the context of the QCM-D (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring) is ⁇ 30% by weight, preferably ⁇ 20%, preferably ⁇ 10% (see measurement example 3).
- BSA protein bovine serum albumin
- the anti-fouling layer which is preferably additionally provided on the coating, helps to reduce the adsorption of proteins during operation of the device according to the invention and thus increases the durability of the electrode.
- the device is designed to arrange a flowable mass, in particular a liquid, between the two electrodes ensures good operability of the device according to the invention, namely during the electroporation of cells.
- the material to be treated is placed between the electrodes so that the alternating fields can have an optimal effect on the cell material contained in the material to be treated.
- the material to be treated may be solid (e.g. potatoes), but in this case it is preferred according to the invention that the material to be treated is placed between the electrodes in a liquid such as water.
- the conveying device any means that ensure a flow of material can be used as the conveying device. In the simplest case, this can be a pipe with a gradient, but pumps or other suitable structural units can also be used.
- a device is preferred, wherein a foodstuff is preferably selected from the group consisting of vegetables, in particular potatoes, sweet potatoes, beetroot, celery, carrots, cabbage, turnips, pumpkin, root parsley, horseradish, radish, wasabi, salsify, parsnip, Jerusalem artichoke, ginger, okra; sugar cane, rhubarb, asparagus, fennel, bamboo shoots, quinoa, cassava, bell pepper, chili, tomatoes, onion vegetables, in particular vegetable onions, garlic, leeks, shallots, wild garlic; pulses; coffee cherries; coffee beans; beans, cocoa beans; soybeans; peas; chickpeas; lentils; lupin seeds; edible mushrooms, in particular button mushrooms, chanterelles, porcini mushrooms, truffles; cereals, in particular oats, wheat, barley, rice, corn; Fruits, in particular grapes, citrus fruits, in particular oranges, limes, lemons, grapefruits, kum
- a foodstuff within the meaning of this application is a good intended for consumption or oral ingestion by humans or animals or a part of a good intended for such consumption.
- Part of the invention is the use of a device according to the invention for the electroporation of cells and/or for treatment, in particular for pasteurization of foodstuffs and/or for cooking foodstuffs and/or for facilitating a subsequent processing step for foodstuffs, in particular for improving cuttability and/or for simplifying moisture reduction and/or for improving pressability, extractability and/or juicability and/or clarifyability and/or filterability.
- the device according to the invention can bring its advantages to bear particularly well in the uses according to the invention.
- the coating to be used according to the invention on the electrode(s) leads to the lifespan of the electrodes being massively extended without the treatment success of the device according to the invention being significantly negatively affected.
- the device according to the invention can be used for a variety of processes in the food industry. Approaches to this include, for example, reducing moisture before frying processes, before drying processes and/or before freeze-drying.
- Approaches to this include, for example, reducing moisture before frying processes, before drying processes and/or before freeze-drying.
- the use according to the invention makes it possible to facilitate the moisture reduction desired for the subsequent processing step.
- An improvement in pressability or extractability, for example when pressing olives, in particular when cold-pressing, is also a suitable, helpful starting point for the use according to the invention.
- Part of the invention is also a method for producing a device according to the invention, comprising the steps of a) providing an electrode, b) coating the electrode with one or more layers, as explained above, and c) inserting the coated electrode into a device for generating pulsed electric fields.
- Part of the invention is also a method for electroporation of cells, comprising the steps a) providing a device according to the invention, b) providing cells and c) subjecting the cells to pulsed electric fields generated by the device, so that electroporation is effected.
- cells must be provided in order to carry out electroporation.
- the "provided" cells it is often possible for the "provided" cells to be present in the form of cell associations in foods, such as potatoes or other fruits, in the form of cell components of juices or in the form of contaminants such as microorganisms in drinking water.
- a method according to the invention is preferred, wherein the electroporation is carried out for the preservation and/or cooking of foodstuffs and/or for the preparation to facilitate a subsequent processing step, in particular for improving the cuttability and/or for simplifying the moisture reduction and/or for improving the pressability and/or extractability and/or juiceability and/or clarifyability and/or filterability of a foodstuff.
- Measurement example 1 A PEF structure analogous to the Nest/e application PCT/EP2012/063218 Example 1 is used.
- the capacitor and the PEF chamber (also a capacitor) are charged via the resistor R to a voltage of 25 kV. From 25 kV, the spark gap ignites and the two capacitors discharge with a current of up to 60 A, whereby the high discharge current only flows for a period of 1 ps. If the discharge voltage falls below 3 kV, the spark gap is extinguished and the cycle begins again.
- the treatment period in the chamber is 3 months.
- the erosion of the electrodes is characterized gravimetrically by weighing the electrodes before, after the operating period and after removal of the fouling layer.
- the dielectric strength is determined according to ASTM D149.
- the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation makes it possible to investigate the adsorption of biomolecules in the pg/crrF range on quartz crystal surfaces (sensors).
- the measuring principle is based on the frequency change of the sensors (acoustic resonator) in response to interactions of molecules on the crystal surface.
- the layers to be analyzed could be applied to the QCM-D sensor crystals and subsequently investigated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) with regard to the adsorption and desorption kinetics.
- BSA concentration in aqueous solution was 1 mg/ml with 1.4 mmol/l tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride and 0.9 g/l NaCl at a pH of 7.
- Example 1 (not according to the invention):
- Titanium grade 1 was used as the electrode material. The electrodes were used without any further coating.
- the electrodes were tested in long-term operation for 3 months according to measurement example 1.
- Town water was used as the liquid food.
- town water is defined as a 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution in water.
- Titanium Grade 1 is used as electrode material.
- the electrodes were coated as follows:
- the silicon nitride coating is deposited using low-pressure sputtering technology.
- the reactor has dimensions of 0.5 m x 0.5 m*0.5 m.
- a sputtering magnetron with a diameter of 3 inches was used. Silicon is used as the target material. The distance between the target and the substrate is 5 cm.
- the reactor is evacuated to a base pressure of 1*10-5 mbar and then nitrogen is introduced into the reactor at a flow rate of 80 sccm. After the magnetron is ignited, a self-bias voltage of 300 V is applied at a plasma power of 400 W. After a sputtering time of 30 minutes, a layer thickness of approx. 1,200 nm Si3N4 is achieved.
- the deposited coating had a dielectric constant of 11.5 at a frequency of 1 MHz, the specific resistance was 10 13 -10 14 ⁇ m, the dielectric strength was 45 V/pm and the layer thickness was approximately 1200 nm.
- the electrodes were tested in long-term operation for 3 months according to measurement example 1. City water was used as the liquid food.
- the deposited coating had a dielectric constant of 14 at a frequency of 1 MHz, the specific resistance was 10 12 -10 13 ⁇ m, the dielectric strength was 45 V/pm and the layer thickness was approximately 1,200 nm.
- the erosion of the electrodes could not be detected within the measurement accuracy of 1 mg.
- the coating proved to be suitable for long-term electroporation use.
- the titanium electrodes were provided with a 2 pm thick, crystalline barium titanate coating that was sputtered from a barium titanium target in low-pressure plasma.
- the dielectric constant of this coating was 2000 for frequencies below 1 Hz and about 200 for 1 MHz.
- the coated electrodes were characterized as described in measurement example 1. The coating proved to be unsuitable for electroporation use.
- the titanium electrodes were sputtered with a 2 pm thick, crystalline TiO2 layer.
- the dielectric constant of the coating was 70 at a frequency of 1 MHz. If the electrodes are characterized according to measurement example 1, a preservative effect was found. However, the insulating effect of the TiO2 coating decreased after just 2 hours of operation, so that the current intensity in the PEF chamber increased significantly. A measurement of the specific electrical resistance gave a value in the range of 106 ⁇ m. The coating proved to be unsuitable for long-term electroporation use.
- the plasma polymer acrylic acid layers are produced using plasma polymerization of acrylic acid at low pressure.
- a 360 l plasma reactor is evacuated to a base pressure of 5*10-3 mbar and then enough acrylic acid vapor is let into the reactor to achieve a pressure of 0.03 mbar.
- a high frequency plasma 13.56 MHz is ignited using a plasma electrode (35 x 35 cm) that is arranged 7 cm above the chamber floor.
- the titanium electrodes to be coated are attached to a stainless steel plate 7 cm above the plasma electrode. After a process time of 160 s, the following layer thicknesses (on the opening of the electrode facing the pulsed electric field) and the following contact angles were obtained.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023102491.4A DE102023102491A1 (de) | 2023-02-01 | 2023-02-01 | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung gepulster elektrischer Felder und deren Verwendung |
| PCT/EP2024/052404 WO2024160914A1 (de) | 2023-02-01 | 2024-01-31 | Vorrichtung zur erzeugung gepulster elektrischer felder und deren verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4658088A1 true EP4658088A1 (de) | 2025-12-10 |
Family
ID=89843408
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24703316.0A Withdrawn EP4658088A1 (de) | 2023-02-01 | 2024-01-31 | Vorrichtung zur erzeugung gepulster elektrischer felder und deren verwendung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4658088A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023102491A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024160914A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5662031A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-09-02 | Washington State University Research Foundation, Inc. | Continuous flow electrical treatment of flowable food products |
| US6090617A (en) * | 1996-12-05 | 2000-07-18 | Entremed, Inc. | Flow electroporation chamber with electrodes having a crystalline metal nitride coating |
| KR100767046B1 (ko) * | 2006-08-11 | 2007-10-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 다면 전극 구조를 갖는 보관 장치 |
| DE102007028580A1 (de) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung zum Reinigen und Entkeimen von Flüssigkeiten |
| ES1073100Y (es) | 2010-07-13 | 2011-02-16 | Rodriguez Maximina Limeres | Album fotografico multimedia |
| ITMI20110444A1 (it) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-23 | Claudio Antolini | Metodo ed apparecchiatura per trattare mediante un campo elettrico fluidi contenenti inquinanti biologici" |
| US20160108432A1 (en) * | 2013-05-16 | 2016-04-21 | Advanced Liquid Logic, Inc. | Droplet actuator for electroporation and transforming cells |
| US9675717B2 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2017-06-13 | The University Of Toledo | Electromagnetic polymer composite material for anti-fouling effect |
| DE102016216397A1 (de) | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-01 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Flüssigkeitsaufbereitungsvorrichtung, Flüssigkeitsauslassvorrichtung, sowie Verfahren zum Aufbereiten einer Flüssigkeit |
| DE102018201498A1 (de) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-08-01 | Elea Vertriebs- Und Vermarktungsgesellschaft Mbh | Vorrichtung zur Elektroporation von Lebensmitteln mit einem Schutz gegen Ablagerungen |
| EP3666881A1 (de) * | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-17 | AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH | Gekoppelte sortierung und elektrische behandlung biologischer zellen |
-
2023
- 2023-02-01 DE DE102023102491.4A patent/DE102023102491A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-31 EP EP24703316.0A patent/EP4658088A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2024-01-31 WO PCT/EP2024/052404 patent/WO2024160914A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024160914A1 (de) | 2024-08-08 |
| DE102023102491A1 (de) | 2024-08-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Xue et al. | Pulsed electric field extraction of valuable compounds from white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) | |
| Sensoy et al. | Extraction using moderate electric fields | |
| EP3582639B1 (de) | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur behandlung von schalenfrüchten, insbesondere zur herstellung von schalenfrüchten mit verbesserten schäleigenschaften | |
| Jäger | Process performance analysis of pulsed electric field (PEF) food applications | |
| Siemer et al. | Application of pulsed electric fields in food | |
| Poojary et al. | Application of pulsed electric field treatment for food waste recovery operations | |
| Siemer et al. | Mass transport improvement by PEF-applications in the area of extraction and distillation | |
| EP1980158B1 (de) | Verfahren zum Entfernen von acrylamid- und/oder melanoidin-bildenden Zellinhaltsstoffen aus stärkehaltigem pflanzlichen Material, sowie pflanzliches Material mit verringertem Gehalt an Acrylamid und/oder Melanoidinen | |
| WO2024160914A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur erzeugung gepulster elektrischer felder und deren verwendung | |
| DE69226648T2 (de) | Methode zur verlängerung der haltbarkeit eines produktes | |
| Răcuciu et al. | Impact of 50 Hz magnetic field on the content of polyphenolic compounds from blackberries | |
| Dragomir et al. | Pulsed electric field and high voltage electrical dischargeinnovative food electrotechnologies. A review | |
| RU2204095C1 (ru) | Способ сушки сырья и материалов растительного происхождения | |
| Toepfl et al. | Industrial scale equipment, patents, and commercial applications | |
| Gałązka-Czarnecka et al. | Modification of antioxidant activities in wines using pulsed electric field | |
| Nafchi et al. | Pulsed electric fields for food preservation: An update on technological progress | |
| EP4226776A1 (de) | Verfahren zum abziehen einer haut eines lebensmittels, insbesondere zum häuten von tomaten | |
| DE102015222350A1 (de) | Verfahren zum Reinigen von medizinischen Implantaten | |
| Gamli | A review of application of pulsed electric field in the production of liquid/semi-liquid food materials | |
| Arévalo | Effect of pulsed electric fields on physical properties of apples and potatoes | |
| Sanusi et al. | Effect of ultrasound pretreatment on drying kinetics, specific energy consumption and quality indices of microwave-dried jute leaves | |
| JP2020036558A (ja) | 酵素失活がなく長期保存が可能な野菜・果実ジュース及び野菜・果実ジュースを含む飲料と氷結物の製造方法 | |
| WO2012127423A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for treating fluids containing biological pollutants with an electric field | |
| Saito et al. | Difference of Treatment Efficiency by Pulse Applying Interval in Pulsed Electric Field Sterilization of Vegetable Drink | |
| AU2014265543B2 (en) | Continuous process to produce firmer processed vegetables |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20250901 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20260311 |