Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
  • C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
  • C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
  • C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
  • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
  • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
  • C10N2020/091—Water solubility
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/02—Bearings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions, more particularly the field of lubricating compositions for a powertrain of a vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid vehicle. It relates more particularly to the use of an aqueous lubricant composition in a powertrain of a vehicle, in particular in propulsion systems, more particularly in mechanical systems, such as rolling bearings, gears, bearings or engines, of electric or hybrid vehicles, for improving the energy efficiency of such powertrains.
• electric or hybrid vehicles require compositions to meet the dual requirements of lubricating and cooling the various parts of the powertrains of these vehicles.
• Lubricant compositions are commonly used in powertains of a vehicle, in particular in mechanical systems of an electric or hybrid vehicle, to reduce friction between parts and thus protect parts against wear. In addition to wear phenomena, friction can oppose the relative motion between parts in contact and induce energy losses that are detrimental to the optimal operation of the mechanical system.
• hydrocarbon-based lubricants are hydrocarbon-based lubricants. These hydrocarbon-based lubricants are conventionally composed of one or more base oils which are generally combined with several additives intended for stimulating the lubricant performance of the base oils, for instance friction-modifying additives.
• water is an excellent coolant, it does not however have the tribological properties required for a lubricant, in particular in terms of reducing friction and protecting parts against wear.
• aqueous lubricant comprising, in addition to water, water-soluble polyalkylene glycols, emulsifiers, antifreeze additives of alkylene glycol or glycerol type, anticorrosion additives, antifoam additives and friction-reducing additives.
• water-based lubricant compositions are not described as being suitable for specific issues of powertrain of a vehicle.
• the present invention aims to provide a novel water-based composition, having properties suitable for its use for the lubrication of a powertrain of a vehicle, while improving performance in terms of energy savings.
• the present invention relates to the use of an aqueous lubricant composition for improving the energy efficiency of a powertrain of a vehicle, said aqueous lubricant composition comprising at least:
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention significantly improved the energy efficiency of a powertrain of a vehicle compared to the use of conventional hydrocarbon-based lubricant compositions, and advantageously allows to decrease the CO 2 emissions compared to conventional lubricants.
• an aqueous lubricant composition implies the smaller loss of dynamic energy efficiency as well as the higher static energy efficiency compared to the use of comparative hydrocarbon-based lubricant compositions.
• An “electric vehicle” in the sense of the present invention denotes a vehicle comprising an electric motor as its sole means of propulsion, whereas a “hybrid vehicle” comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined means of propulsion.
• a “powertrain” in the sense of the present invention denotes a system comprising an electric drive unit and a battery which generally consists of a set of electric accumulators.
• a "electric drive unit” in the sense of the present invention denotes a system comprising mechanical components necessary to the propulsion of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the electric drive unit of an electric or hybrid vehicle thus encompasses more particularly an electric motor comprising the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to regulating the speed), and a mechanical transmission.
• aqueous lubricant composition or "aqueous lubricant” will denote a lubricant composition used according to the invention, intended to lubricate a powertrain of a vehicle, in particular a mechanical system of a propulsion system, more particularly the moving parts in a mechanical system, and even more particularly intended to lubricate rolling bearing(s), gear(s), bearing(s) and/or engine.
• aqueous composition is understood to denote a composition comprising water as base fluid, in other words as the major solvent.
• water preferably deionized water, preferably represents more than 35% by weight, in particular more than 40% by weight, more particularly more than 50% by weight, of the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the expression "osmosed water” is understood to denote water which has undergone purification, in particular by a reverse osmosis process, in order to reduce the content of organic and/or mineral compounds, for example to a content of less than 5.0% by weight, preferably less than 1.0% by weight.
• the expressions "demineralized water” or else “ultrapure water” will be considered as equivalent or synonymous with the expression “osmosed water”.
• the osmosed water may be "deionized water", in other words water that has undergone purification in order to reduce the content of ions, such as Ca 2+ and HCO 3 - ions generally present in water.
• a deionized water comprises no ions.
• the expression “Energy efficiency” refers to the ability of a lubricant composition to limit the energy consumption of a mobile or stationary, hybrid or electric, motorization system, in particular of a powertrain, more particularly such energy consumption being saved at the level of the motor itself, but also at the level of transmission components, such as the gearbox, gear(es), bridges and bearings. This energy efficiency translates, in particular, into longer service life or recharging intervals for an electric motor.
• the present invention therefore also provides the use of an aqueous lubricant composition as described above to reduce the energy consumption of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the present invention further provides the use of an aqueous lubricant composition as described above to increase the lifespan and/or the charging interval of the engine comprised in said powertrain.
• the present invention also provides a method or a process for improving the energy efficiency of at least one component of a powertrain of a vehicle, in particular the rolling bearings situated between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor; and/or the transmission, more particularly the reduction gear, said method or process comprising at least one step of contacting said at least one component with an aqueous composition as described above.
• the present invention also provides a method or a process for reducing the energy consumption or to improve the energy-saving properties of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said method or process comprising at least one step of contacting at least one component of a powertrain comprised in said electric or hybrid vehicle with an aqueous composition as described above.
• the present invention further provides a method or a process to increase the lifespan and/or the charging interval of the engine comprised in said powertrain of a vehicle, said method or process comprising at least one step of contacting at least one component of a powertrain with an aqueous composition as described above.
• a composition according to the invention may exhibit good electrical insulation properties as well as lubrication properties.
• the percentages are weight percentages. The percentages are therefore expressed by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius unless otherwise indicated, and the pressure is atmospheric pressure, unless otherwise indicated.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention is a formulation comprising water, in particular deionized water, as major solvent.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises at least 20% by weight, in particular at least 30% by weight, in particular ranging from 35% to 90% by weight, more particularly from 40% to 75% by weight, and even more particularly from 40% to 60% by weight, of water, preferably of deionized water, relative to the total weight of said composition.
• water in addition to its role as solvent, water provides access to a lubricant composition having good cooling properties, and which can be used as a cooling fluid for the moving parts in a mechanical system comprised in a powertrain of a vehicle.
• cooling fluid refers to a fluid capable of dissipating the heat generated by a propulsion system comprised in a powertrain of a vehicle in an electric or hybrid vehicle. More precisely, such a fluid is characterized by an enhanced heat absorption capacity when in contact with a component that is heating up.
• the water used in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention is deionized water, also referred to as demineralized water.
• osmosed water refers to water which has been subjected to a purification, in particular by a reverse osmosis process, to reduce the content of organic and/or mineral compounds, for example to a content less than 5.0% by weight, preferably less than 1.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the osmosed water.
• the terms “demineralized water” or “ultrapure water” will be considered equivalent or synonymous with the term “reverse osmosis water”.
• osmosis water can be "deionized water", i.e. water which has been subjected to a purification to reduce the content of ions, such as Ca 2+ and HCO 3 - ions, generally present in water.
• deionized water is free of ions.
• deionized water is therefore particularly advantageous in the context of the use of the aqueous lubricant according to the invention for applications requiring a fluid that conducts little or no electricity, such as for example for the use of the aqueous lubricant for the lubrication, and additionally the cooling, of mechanical systems comprising an electrical circuit, for example electric or hybrid motors comprised in a powertrain in electric or hybrid vehicles.
• An aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention therefore differs from the lubricants conventionally used in mechanical systems, in particular hydrocarbon-based lubricants, which comprise a major proportion of one or more water-insoluble base oils.
• a “water-insoluble oil” is understood to mean in particular an oil which does not dissolve substantially in water at room temperature (at around 25°C).
• a water-insoluble oil has a solubility in water of less than 0.2 g/L, at room temperature.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the present invention comprises less than 5% by weight of water-insoluble base oil(s), preferably less than 2% by weight, more preferentially less than 1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention is completely free of water-insoluble oil.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises at least one polyalkylene glycol.
• the polyalkylene glycols are chosen from water-soluble polyalkylene glycols.
• water-soluble is understood to denote a polyalkylene glycol having a solubility in water of at least 10 g/L, preferably of at least 500 g/L, in water at room temperature (around 25°C).
• the polyalkylene glycols can be more particularly formed from C 1 -C 4 , preferably C 1 -C 3 and more particularly C 2 -C 3 alkylene oxide units.
• a polyalkylene glycol(s) used in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprise(s) at least 50% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, more preferentially at least 90% by weight of propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide units. It may be a copolymer, in particular a random copolymer, of ethylene oxide/propylene oxide.
• a polyalkylene glycol used in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention has a weight-average molar mass (Mw) of between 100 and 50 000 g.mol -1 , preferably between 5 000 and 25 000 g.mol -1 .
• the weight-average molar mass can be measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• GPC gel permeation chromatography
• a polyalkylene glycol used in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity measured at 100°C (KV100), according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 100 to 25 000 mm 2 /s, and in particular from 150 to 3000 mm 2 /s.
• a polyalkylene glycol used in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity measured at 40°C (KV40), according to the ASTM D445 standard, ranging from 500 to 100 000 mm 2 /s, and in particular from 1 000 to 95 000 mm 2 /s.
• KV40 kinematic viscosity measured at 40°C
• the flash point of a polyalkylene glycol used in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention is preferably above or equal to 160°C, in particular above or equal to 220°C.
• the flash point can be measured by the ISO 2592 or ASTM D92 standard.
• a polyalkylene glycol used in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention has a viscosity index measured according to the ASTM D2270 standard, ranginig from 100 to 800, and preferably from 250 to 550.
• said polyalkylene glycol compound(s) can be implemented in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention in a content of at least 5% by weight, preferably ranging from 5% to 50% by weight, more particularly from 10% to 40% by weight, and even more particularly from 10% to 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises less than 17 % by weight, more preferably ranging from 10 % to 15 % by weight of polyalkylene glycol compound(s), relative to the total weight of the composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may comprise a single polyalkylene glycol or a mixture of several distinct polyalkylene glycols.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may comprise a mixture of at least two distinct polyalkylene glycols, more particularly at least one polyalkylene glycol of low weight-average molecular weight and at least one polyalkylene glycol of high weight-average molecular weight.
• the combination of at least one polyalkylene glycol having a low weight-average molecular weight and at least one polyalkylene glycol having a high weight-average molecular weight is particularly advantageous for achieving good solubilization of the various compounds introduced into the aqueous lubricant composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antifreeze compound.
• the antifreeze compound is chosen from glycols, more preferably alkylene glycols, glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, and mixtures thereof.
• Glycols are diols in which the two hydroxyl groups are borne by different carbon atoms, preferably by vicinal carbon atoms.
• the glycols are alkylene glycols, in particular having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
• alkylene glycols in particular having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the antifreeze compound can also be chosen from glycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol and mixtures thereof.
• the antifreeze compound used according to the invention is chosen from monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and mixtures thereof.
• the antifreeze compound is diethylene glycol.
• said antifreeze compound(s) can be implemented in an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention in a content of at least 1% by weight, in particular ranging from 5% to 50% by weight, more particularly from 10% to 45% by weight, and even more particularly from 20% to 40% by weight, of antifreeze compound(s), relative to the total weight of the aqueous lubricant composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises a content of antifreeze compound(s), more particularly comprising at one of the antifreeze compounds defined above, for example comprising at least diethylene glycol, greater than or equal to 20% by weight, in particular between 30% and 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous lubricant composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises:
• An aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may further comprise various additives.
• additive(s) are compatible with their use in an aqueous medium.
• the additives are used in a water-soluble or water-emulsifiable form, for example in the form of ionic salts or liquids.
• Said additive(s) are of course chosen with regard to the intended application for the aqueous lubricant.
• Such additives can be more particularly chosen from antifoaming agents, biocides, pH regulators, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear and/or extreme-pressure additives, sequestrants, metal passivators, dyes, dispersants, emulsifiers, and mixtures thereof.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may comprise one or more additives chosen from antifoaming agents, extreme-pressure agents, corrosion inhibitors, pH regulators, metal passivators, dyes, and mixtures thereof.
• An aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may more particularly comprise from 0.1% to 10% by weight, more preferentially from 1.0% to 8.0% by weight of additives, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one pH-regulating additive, in particular an alkaline buffer.
• the pH regulator makes it possible to maintain the desired pH of the lubricant composition, in particular in order to preserve an alkaline pH, advantageously between 8 and 15.
• Said pH regulator(s) by maintaining the pH of the aqueous lubricant composition between 8 and 15, prevent corrosion of metal surfaces, but also promote solubilization of the various compounds in the lubricant composition, in particular polyalkylene glycol(s), in particular as defined above.
• the pH regulator can be chosen from the family of amines, in particular alkanolamines and amino alcohols.
• ethanolamines such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA); triethanolamine (TEA), diglycolamine (DGA) isopropanolamines, such as monoisopropanolamine (MIPA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA) and triisopropanolamine (TIPA), ethyleneamines, such as ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA) and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), alkanolamines, such as methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), cyclamines, such as cyclohexylamine, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and mixtures thereof.
• MIPA monoethanolamine
• DGA diglycolamine
• MIPA monoisopropanolamine
• DIPA diisopropanolamine
• TIPA triisopropanol
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may in particular comprise from 0.1% to 10% by weight of pH-regulating additive(s), preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one pH regulator enabling the pH of said lubricant composition to be maintained between 8 and 15, in particular between 8.5 and 14, more particularly between 9 and 13, said pH regulator being chosen in particular from alkanolamines, preferably ethanolamines, and more particularly from dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), triethanolamine (TEA) and mixtures thereof.
• a pH regulator enabling the pH of said lubricant composition to be maintained between 8 and 15, in particular between 8.5 and 14, more particularly between 9 and 13, said pH regulator being chosen in particular from alkanolamines, preferably ethanolamines, and more particularly from dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), triethanolamine (TEA) and mixtures thereof.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one corrosion inhibitor.
• Corrosion inhibitors advantageously make it possible to reduce or even prevent corrosion of metal parts.
• the nature of said corrosion inhibitor(s) can be chosen with regard to the metal to be protected against corrosion, such as aluminum, steel, galvanized steel, yellow metals, for example copper or brass.
• alkanolamines such as triethanolamine
• aliphatic monocarboxylic acids in particular having from 4 to 15 carbon atoms, for example octanoic acid
• aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having from 4 to 15 carbon atoms, carbon, for example decanedioic acid, undecanedioic acid, dodecanedioic acid or mixtures thereof
• polycarboxylic acids optionally neutralized with triethanolamine, such as 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-tri-(6-aminocaproic) acid
• alkanoylamidocarboxylic acids in particular isononanoylamidocaproic acid, and mixtures thereof.
• Borate amides, products of the reaction of amines or amino alcohols with boric acid can also be used.
• the corrosion inhibitor(s) are distinct from the pH regulator(s), in particular for maintaining the pH of the lubricant composition between 8 and 15, as defined above.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may in particular comprise from 0.1% to 5% by weight of corrosion inhibitor(s), in particular as described above, preferably from 0.5% to 4% by weight, more preferentially from 1% to 2.5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one anti-wear and/or extreme-pressure additive. Their function is to reduce wear and the coefficient of friction, or else to prevent metal-metal contact by forming an adsorbed protective film on these surfaces.
• antiwear additives there is a wide variety of antiwear additives, among which mention may be made of those chosen from phosphorus-sulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates or salts thereof. Additives that do not provide phosphorus may also be suitable, such as, for example, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one extreme-pressure additive chosen from sulfur-containing fatty acids, and dimercaptothiadiazoles, preferably used in the neutralized, water-emulsifiable or water-soluble form thereof, in particular neutralized by in particular by inorganic basifying agents or alkanolamines.
• at least one extreme-pressure additive chosen from sulfur-containing fatty acids, and dimercaptothiadiazoles, preferably used in the neutralized, water-emulsifiable or water-soluble form thereof, in particular neutralized by in particular by inorganic basifying agents or alkanolamines.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention comprises at least 0.1% by weight of extreme-pressure additive of sulfur-containing fatty acid type, in particular in a neutralized form, preferably less than 0.01% by weight, more particularly less than 0.001% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition, or even is completely free of extreme-pressure additive of sulfur-containing fatty acid type.
• the sulfur-containing fatty acids can comprise from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular from 12 to 18 carbon atoms.
• the amount of sulfur according to the ASTM D2622 standard provided by said sulfur-containing fatty acid(s) can be between 5% and 30% by weight, in particular between 10% and 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• the amount of active sulfur at 150°C according to the ASTM D1662 standard provided by said sulfur-containing fatty acid(s) in the aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention is less than or equal to 2% by weight, in particular less than or equal to 1% by weight, more particularly less than or equal to 0.1% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• active sulfur is understood to mean sulfur that a chemical compound is capable of yielding or releasing when this compound is placed under the conditions of the ASTM D1662 standard.
• the ASTM D-1662 standard defines an active sulfur content of a compound at a given temperature as a difference expressed as a weight percentage of sulfur content before and after reaction of a sample of this sulfur-containing compound with a given amount of copper over a fixed time.
• said sulfur-containing fatty acid(s) are generally used in an aqueous lubricant composition in their form neutralized by a basifying agent, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or an alkanolamine, such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine and triisopropanolamine.
• a basifying agent such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or an alkanolamine, such as monoethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine and triisopropanolamine.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise between 0.01% and 10% by weight of anti-wear and/or extreme-pressure additive(s), in particular of sulfur-containing fatty acid(s), as defined above, preferably between 0.2% and 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one antifoam additive. Antifoams make it possible to prevent foaming of the lubricant fluid.
• the antifoaming agent may be, for example, an antifoaming agent based on polysiloxanes or on acrylate polymers.
• the antifoaming agent is chosen from three-dimensional siloxanes.
• the antifoaming agents can be polar polymers such as polymethylsiloxanes or polyacrylates.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise from 0.001% to 3.0% by weight of antifoam additive(s), preferably from 0.005% to 1.5% by weight, more preferentially from 0.01% to 1.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may further comprises at least one additive chosen from antifoam agents and mixtures thereof. Antifoams make it possible to prevent foaming of the lubricant fluid.
• the antifoaming agent may be, for example, an antifoaming agent based on polysiloxanes or on acrylate polymers.
• the antifoaming agent is chosen from three-dimensional siloxanes.
• the antifoaming agents can be polar polymers such as polymethylsiloxanes or polyacrylates.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may comprise from 0.001% to 3.0% by weight of antifoam additive(s), preferably from 0.005% to 1.5% by weight, more preferentially from 0.01% to 1.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention may comprise less than 5% by weight, in particular less than or equal to 2% by weight, more particularly less than 1% by weight, even more particularly less than 0,1% by weight of antifoam agent(s) relative to the total weight of said composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one metal passivator.
• Metal passivators make it possible to protect metal parts by promoting the formation of metal oxide on their surface.
• the metal passivators can be chosen, for example, from triazole derivatives, such as tetrahydrobenzotriazole (THBTZ), tolyltriazole (TTZ), benzotriazole (BTZ), amines substituted by a triazole group, such as N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethanamine, N'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methylamine, N,N-bis(heptyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(nonyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(decyl)-ar-methyl -1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,N-bis(undecyl)-ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazole-1-methanamine, N,
• the metal passivators are chosen from tetrahydrobenzotriazole (THBTZ), tolyltriazole (TTZ), benzotriazole (BTZ), and salts thereof, taken alone or as mixtures.
• THBTZ tetrahydrobenzotriazole
• TTZ tolyltriazole
• BTZ benzotriazole
• salts thereof taken alone or as mixtures.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may in particular comprise from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight of metal passivator(s), preferably from 0.1% to 1.0% by weight, more preferentially from 0.2% to 0.8% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise one or more dyes.
• Dyes can be natural or synthetic, generally organic.
• the dyes which can be used in an aqueous lubricant composition can be more particularly chosen from natural or synthetic water-soluble dyes, for example the dyes FDC Red 4, DC Red 6, DC Red 22, DC Red 28, DC Red 30, DC Red 33, DC Orange 4, DC Yellow 5, DC Yellow 6, DC Yellow 8, FDC Green 3, DC Green 5, FDC Blue 1, betanin (beet), xanthenes, carmine, chlorophyllin, methylene blue, anthocyanins (enocyanin, black carrot and hibiscus), caramel and riboflavin.
• natural or synthetic water-soluble dyes for example the dyes FDC Red 4, DC Red 6, DC Red 22, DC Red 28, DC Red 30, DC Red 33, DC Orange 4, DC Yellow 5, DC Yellow 6, DC Yellow 8, FDC Green 3, DC Green 5, FDC Blue 1, betanin (beet), xanthenes, carmine, chlorophyllin, methylene blue, anthocyanins (enocyanin, black carrot and hibiscus), caramel and riboflavin.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise between 0.01% and 2.0% by weight of dye(s), preferably between 0.01% and 1.5% by weight, more preferentially between 0.02% and 1.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise one or more emulsifiers, also referred to as emulsifying agents. Their role is to generate stable emulsions in water.
• the emulsifiers may more particularly be nonionic, such as for example ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty amides; anionic, for example soaps of KOH or NaOH; sulfonates; cationic, such as quaternary ammonium compounds; or else water-soluble or water-emulsifiable carboxylic acid esters.
• nonionic such as for example ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated fatty amides
• anionic for example soaps of KOH or NaOH
• sulfonates for example soaps of KOH or NaOH
• sulfonates cationic, such as quaternary ammonium compounds
• cationic such as quaternary ammonium compounds
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise from 0.01% to 10% by weight of emulsifier(s), preferably from 0.1% to 5.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one sequestrant.
• Sequestrants also referred to as chelating agents, make it possible to limit the encrustation of metal ions in the composition.
• sequestrants examples include those derived from phosphonic acids and phosphonates, such as diethylenetriamine pentamethyl phosphonic acid (DTPMPA), aminotri(methylene phosphonic) acid (ATMP), hydroxyethane diphosphonic acid (HEDP), 1-hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonate, 2-hydroxyethylamine di(methylene phosphonic acid) (HEAMBP), diethylene triaminopenta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTMP), multifunctional organic acids and hydroxy acids, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pteroyl-L-glutamic acid (PGLU), organic polyacids, such as maleic acid and polyaspartic acid, polysaccharides and carbohydrates, such as inulin, carboxymethyl inulin and carboxymethyl chitosan.
• DTPMPA diethylenetriamine pentamethyl phosphonic acid
• ATMP aminotri(methylene phosphonic) acid
• HEDP
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise from 0.001% to 2.0% by weight of sequestrant(s), preferably from 0.01% to 1.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may comprise at least one biocidal and/or fungicidal agent.
• Biocides and fungicides can be used to improve the biological stability of the composition by limiting the proliferation of bacteria, fungi and yeasts in the lubricant fluid.
• Such biocides can be chosen from parabens, aldehydes, reactive acetylacetone compounds, isothiazolinones, phenolic compounds, acid salts, halogenated compounds, quaternary ammoniums, certain alcohols and mixtures thereof.
• the biocides can be chosen from optionally substituted benzisothiazolinones (BIT), such as N-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one, methylisothiazolinones (MIT), mixtures of methylisothiazolinone and chloromethylisothiazolinone (MIT/ CMIT), ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) or the sodium salt thereof, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), chlorocresol and N,N-methylenebismorpholine (MBM); sorbic acid; preferably from ortho-phenylphenol (OPP) or the sodium salt thereof, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), chlorocresol, benzisothiazolinones and N,N-methylenebismorpholine.
• BIT optionally substituted benzisothiazolinones
• BIT optionally substituted benzisothiazolinones
• An aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may in particular comprise between 0.01% and 10% by weight of biocide(s) and/or fungicide(s), preferably between 0.5% and 5.0% by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricant composition.
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises:
• the present invention also concerns the use of an aqueous lubricant composition for improving the energy efficiency of a powertrain of a vehicle, said aqueous lubricant composition comprising at least:
• an aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention comprises:
• a lubricant composition used according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 40°C (KV40), according to the standard ASTM D445 (ISO 3104), of between 10 and 1000 mm 2 /s, in particular between 20 and 300 mm 2 /s.
• the kinematic viscosity, measured at 100°C (KV100), according to the standard ASTM D445 (ISO 3104), of a lubricant composition used according to the invention can advantageously be between 3 and 50 mm 2 /s, in particular between 4 and 25 mm 2 /s.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention is used as a lubricant for a powertrain of a vehicle, in particular an electric or hybrid vehicle, more particularly for the propulsion systems, even more particularly for mechanical systems and the power electrics in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the propulsion system comprises in a powertrain of an electric or hybrid vehicle comprises, in particular, the electric motor part (1), an electric battery (2) and a transmission, more particularly a speed reduction gear (3).
• the electric motor typically comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14).
• the stator comprises coils, more particularly copper coils, which are supplied with an alternating electric current. This enables the generation of a rotating magnetic field.
• the rotor in turn comprises coils, permanent magnets or other magnetic materials, and is made to rotate by the rotating magnetic field.
• a rolling bearing (12) is generally incorporated between the stator (13) and the rotor (14).
• a transmission, and more particularly a speed reduction gear (3), allows the speed of rotation at the outlet of the electric motor to be reduced and the speed transmitted to the wheels to be adapted, so making it possible at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
• the rolling bearing (12) is subject in particular to high mechanical stresses and gives rise to problems of wear by fatigue. It is therefore necessary for the rolling bearing to be lubricated in order to increase its working life.
• the reduction gear as well is subject to high frictional stresses and therefore requires appropriate lubrication so that it is not damaged too rapidly.
• an aqueous lubricant composition formulated according to the invention in particular as described above, has suitable tribological properties, while improved performances in terms of energy efficiency, which makes it particularly well suited for use as a lubricating fluid.
• An aqueous lubricant composition used according to the invention find an advantageous application for the lubrication of a powertrain of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and more particularly of the engine, of the power electronics, of the transmission and/or of the battery.
• the composition according to the invention can thus be used for the lubrication of mechanical systems of a powertrain, in particular of gears, rolling bearings, bearings, such as rolling or sliding bearings.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention can be used to lubricate mobile powertrain, in particular for the lubrication of the various components of electric motor vehicles, in particular of the transmission of an electric engine, more particularly transmissions for light or heavy electric or hybrid vehicles, for example gearboxes and/or axles.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention can further be used to reduce the friction between the parts of a powertrain of a vehicle, in particular of the propulsion system comprised in the electric drive unit, such as the transmission. More advantageously, the aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention can be used to reduce the coefficient of friction.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention may also be used both as a coolant and as a lubricant, in a powertrain of a vehicle, more particularly in electric or hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
• a composition according to the invention makes it possible to jointly achieve good properties in terms of cooling as well as suitable lubrication properties and improved energy efficiency of the powertrain of a vehicle, in particular of the parts of the electrical hybrid vehicle propulsion system.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention makes it possible to cool, lubricate and improve energy efficiency of an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle. It is particularly effective for cooling the power electronics and/or the rotor and/or the stator of an electric motor. It also ensures lubrication and improved energy efficiency of the rolling bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention makes it possible to ensure the lubrication and the improvement of energy efficiency of the transmission, when it is present, in particular the reduction gear, of an electric or hybrid vehicle. Also, a composition according to the invention advantageously makes it possible, even more particularly, to cool the battery present in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• an aqueous lubricant composition according to the invention to ensure the cooling of the battery and, the lubrication as well as of the improvement of energy efficiency of the transmission, in particular the reduction gear, in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the performance of the lubricant compositions in terms of energy efficiency are measured using a test rig with a single-speed gearbox designed for electric vehicles mounted on it.
• a single-speed gearbox comprises three shafts: input shaft, intermediate shaft, and output (also named “differential") shaft; two pairs of gears; and three pairs of bearings.
• the single-speed gearbox is mounted on a mechanical transmission test rig.
• the test rig comprises several components:
• the performance of the lubricant compositions in terms of energy efficiency, in particular in terms of dynamic energy efficiency or static energy efficiency, using the above-mentioned test rig with a single-speed gearbox designed for electric vehicles, is studied by two different measurement sets: one corresponding to dynamic efficiency measured in the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) cycle, and the other corresponding to static efficiency. Both measurement sets are described hereafter.
• WLTP Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure
• An improvement of the dynamic energy efficiency means that a smaller value is obtained for the loss of dynamic energy efficiency described in equation (3), in particular that the output energy is closer to the input energy.
• the loss of dynamic energy efficiency described in equation (3) corresponds to a loss of energy during the WLTP cycle which has to be reduced to improve the energy efficiency.
• the input dynamometer and the two output dynamometers are programmed to operate each of these 13 points for a duration of 3 seconds, with a data acquisition frequency of 1000 Hz, which results in a total of 3000 data points for each point.
• the static energy efficiency (in %) is then computed for each of these 3000 points, each point being noted “ii" point, using the following equation (4): Efficiency %
• ii 100 ⁇ Torque out , left ⁇ Speed out , left + Torque out , right ⁇ Speed out , right Torque in ⁇ Speed in
• aqueous lubricant composition (I1) according to the invention and comparative lubricant composition (C1) based on group II and group III base oils, and comparative lubricant composition (C2) based on group II and group III base oils, were formulated by simple mixing, at room temperature, of the following components, in the weight percentages indicated in table 2 below. The percentages are therefore expressed by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
• Composition Composition (I1) according to the invention Comparative composition (C1) Comparative composition (C2) Group III base oil n°1[%] - 82.65 18.85 Group III base oil n°2 [%] - - 72.6 Deionized water [%] 51.94 - - Polyalkylene glycol [%] 11.94 - - Polymèrenhofant l'indice de viscosotti - 7.1 - Diethylene glycol [%] 33.52 - - pH-regulating additives [%] 1.34 - - Additive package (*) [%] 1.26 10.25 8.55 (*) Additives mixture comprising at least of the following component: one or several corrosion inhibitors, one or several metal passivators, one or several antifoam agents, one or several dipersants, one or several detergents, one or several antiwear agents, one or several pour point depressant agents and/or one or several dyes.
• the dynamic energy efficiency is evaluated for each lubricant composition by using the above-mentioned test.
• aqueous lubricant composition (I1) exhibits the smaller loss of dynamic energy efficiency compared to comparative hydrocarbon-based lubricant compositions (C1) and (C2), indicating an improved dynamic energy efficiency.
• the static energy efficiency is evaluated for each lubricant composition by using the above-mentioned test.
• the aqueous lubricant composition (I1) according to the invention has static energy efficiency values which are always higher for each of the 13 points than those obtained for comparative hydrocarbon-based lubricant compositions (C1) and (C2).
• aqueous lubricant composition (I1) significantly improved the static energy efficiency compared to the use of comparative hydrocarbon-based lubricant compositions (C1) and (C2).
• aqueous lubricant composition (I1) according to the invention presents improved properties in terms of energy efficiency, in particular in term of dynamic energy efficiency and static energy efficiency, compared to hydrocarbon-based lubricant compositions.

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• 2024
  • 2024-05-29 EP EP24305845.0A patent/EP4656708A1/de active Pending

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