EP4655897A1

EP4655897A1 - Bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications

Info

Publication number: EP4655897A1
Application number: EP23918088.8A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wei Yang; Jing Jiang; Liangming WU
Original assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Current assignee: Qualcomm Inc
Priority date: 2023-01-27
Filing date: 2023-01-27
Publication date: 2025-12-03
Also published as: CN120584469A; WO2024156081A1

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described that provide for probabilistic shaping of modulation constellations based on a parameter of a non-uniform probability distribution function (PDF) applied to a set of information bits. The non-uniform PDF may be selected such that a single parameter (v) may be used to indicate the probability distribution of the non-uniform probability distribution. A transmitting device may apply the non-uniform probability distribution to the set of information bits, and the modulation symbols of the resultant shaped bits have a non-uniform distribution. The transmitting device may signal the parameter to the receiving device, and the receiving device may use the signaled parameter to determine the probability distribution of the non-uniform PDF. The non-uniform PDF may be applied by the receiving device when demodulating received communications, and the demodulated signal may be decoded to recover the transmitted set of information bits.

Description

BIT-LEVEL PROBABILISTIC SHAPING IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, including bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .
In some wireless systems, data may be transmitted to a receiving device by modulating the data into a constellation of modulated symbols. The data may be modulated based on bit values of a number of bits of data that are transmitted in each modulation symbol (e.g., 4 bits in a 16 quadrature amplitude multiplexing (QAM) symbol, 8 bits in a 256-QAM symbol, etc. ) , and each point in a constellation may have an equal likelihood of use. Enhanced techniques for modulating data into a constellation of modulation symbols may help to enhance the efficiency and reliability of some wireless systems.
SUMMARY
The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support techniques for bit-level probabilistic shaping of one or more bits per modulation constellation. For example, the described techniques provide for a probabilistic shaping framework in which probabilistic shaping of modulation constellations is performed based on a parameter of a probability distribution, such as a non-uniform probability distribution function (PDF) or probability mass function (PMF) to be applied to a set of information bits. The non-uniform probability distribution may be selected such that a single parameter (v) may be used to indicate the final probability distribution of the non-uniform probability distribution. A transmitting device (e.g., a network entity or a user equipment (UE) ) may apply the non-uniform probability distribution to the set of information bits, and the modulation symbols of the resultant shaped bits have a non-uniform distribution in which one or more particular modulation symbol bits (e.g., the second bit of the 4-bit sequence in a 16QAM constellation) has a higher likelihood of a desired value (e.g., 1) . The transmitting device may signal the single parameter to the receiving device, and the receiving device may then use the signaled parameter to determine the final probability distribution. The non-uniform probability distribution may be applied by the receiving device when demodulating communications from the transmitting device, and the demodulated signal may be decoded to recover the transmitted set of information bits.
A method for wireless communication at a transmitting device is described. The method may include identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device, determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits, communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution, and transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to identify a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device, determine a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits, communicate, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution, and transmit the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Another apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device is described. The apparatus may include means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device, means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits, means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution, and means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a transmitting device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to identify a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device, determine a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits, communicate, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution, and transmit the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for determining the parameter based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter determined as a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a structure of the conditional probability mass function is independent of a probability distribution of the remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter is determined based on the constraint of the conditional source entropy function being set to a defined value.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the transmitting the indication of the parameter may include operations, features, means, or instructions for communicating control signaling to the receiving device that indicates the parameter. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter may be provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a downlink control information (DCI) communication, in a radio resource control (RRC) communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter may be indicated for each of a set of multiple resource allocations, for each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of a set of multiple OFDM symbols, for each subband of a set of multiple subbands used for communications, each spatial layer of a plurality of spatial layers, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and where the probability distribution is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits conditioned on all possible values of the second subset of bits and, in some cases, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of the realizations of the first set of bits sum to one.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and where the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter is applied to a difference in expectation values of a power associated with different values of the at least two bits. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the expectation values are taken with respect to an optimal distribution of other shaped bits of the at least two bits.
A method for wireless communication at a receiving device is described. The method may include obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits, receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution, and demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, memory coupled with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to obtain an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits, receive, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution, and demodulate the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
Another apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device is described. The apparatus may include means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits, means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution, and means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a receiving device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to obtain an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits, receive, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution, and demodulate the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter having a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function, and where the probability distribution is determined based on the value.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the obtaining the indication of the parameter may include operations, features, means, or instructions for communicating control signaling from the transmitting device that indicates the parameter. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the parameter may be provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a DCI communication, in an RRC communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and where the probability distribution is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits conditioned on all possible values of the second subset of bits and, in some cases, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of the realizations of the first set of bits sum to one.
In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits. In some examples of the method, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and where the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a transmission scheme that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a transmission scheme that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a reception scheme that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a process flow that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIGs. 7 and 8 illustrate block diagrams of devices that support bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a communications manager that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of a system including a UE that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 11 illustrates a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIGs. 12 and 13 illustrate block diagrams of devices that support bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram of a communications manager that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 15 illustrates a diagram of a system including a UE that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of a system including a network entity that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
FIGs. 17 through 21 illustrate flowcharts showing methods that support bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some wireless communications systems may utilize relatively high order modulation to increase spectral efficiency for wireless transmissions. For example a transmitting device may modulate bits using 16 quadrature amplitude multiplexing (QAM) , 64-QAM, 256-QAM, or higher modulation orders. The transmitting device may modulate information (e.g., a stream of data bits) into a constellation of modulated symbols, in which the information may be modulated based on bit values of a number of information bits that are transmitted in each modulation symbol (e.g., 4 bits in a 16-QAM symbol, 8 bits in a 256-QAM symbol, etc. ) . In some systems, and each point in a constellation may have an equal likelihood of use. Additionally, in some systems, probabilistic shaping techniques (e.g., probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) ) may be implemented that provide a non-uniform distribution in which certain constellation points have a higher probability of being selected, which may result in a larger amount of mutual information transmission capability compared to uniformly distributed constellations. Thus, such non-uniform distributions may result in higher transmission capacities, higher spectral efficiencies, or general higher communication quality than uniform symbol distributions.
Such shaping strategies (e.g., PAS) may provide for one or more bits of a modulation constellation with a higher likelihood of having a preferred bit value (e.g., in a 16-QAM constellation, if the second bit of a 4-bit sequence has a higher likelihood of being a 0 the constellation point will be closer to the origin and have a higher spectral efficiency) . Thus, techniques for shaping bits can provide more efficient communications, as higher spectral efficiency may provide for higher likelihood of successfully decoding a transmission, may allow for higher coding rates, provide for lower overall power for transmissions, or any combinations thereof. Various aspects discussed herein provide for probabilistic shaping of modulation constellations in which a parameter of a non-uniform probability distribution is determined, and signaled to a receiving device, and used to shape and deshape modulation constellations, which may provide additional gains in efficiency and reliability.
In various aspects, to provide shaping for one or more bits of a modulation constellation, a shaping strategy may be used where a transmitting device shapes a set of information bits based on a probability distribution of the set of information bits and a desired non-uniform probability distribution. In some cases, a transmitting device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or network entity) may determine a parameter of a non-uniform probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits. For example, the non-uniform probability distribution may be a probability distribution function (PDF) or a probability mass function (PMF) . The non-uniform probability distribution may selected such that a single parameter (v) may be used to indicate the final probability distribution of the non-uniform probability distribution. The transmitting device may apply the non-uniform probability distribution to the set of information bits, and the modulation symbols of the resultant shaped bits have a non-uniform probability distribution in which one or more particular modulation symbol bits (e.g., the second bit of the 4-bit sequence in a 16QAM constellation) has a higher likelihood of a desired value (e.g., 1) .
In accordance with various aspects discussed herein, the parameter for the non-uniform probability distribution may be determined using a conditional probability mass function (PMF) to shape the desired bit (e.g., bit b1 of L bits, where the remaining bits other than b1 are denoted as b\1) . The energy difference between (1, b\1) and (0, b\1) is determined, and the parameter of the non-uniform probability distribution is selected to provide as large a difference as possible, such that the probability of a 1 (or alternatively, 0, depending on which bit of the constellation is being shaped) for b1 is increased. The transmitting device may signal the single parameter to the receiving device, and the receiving device may then use the signaled parameter to determine the final probability distribution of the non-uniform probability distribution. The non-uniform probability distribution may be applied by the receiving device when demodulating communications from the transmitting device, and the demodulated signal may be decoded to recover the transmitted set of information bits.
Such shaping techniques may support shaping of one or multiple bits of a modulation constellation, may align mapping with NR coding systems, and may support selective shaping for different sets of resources. The information bits may be encoded for transmission either before shaping or after shaping, and in either case, the information bits and the set of shaping bits may be encoded using different channel coding schemes. In some cases, the transmitting device may also indicate a number of shaped bits per constellation (e.g., as a function of modulation order, or as an additional parameter in an MCS table) .
Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to probabilistic shaping schemes, process flows, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 or network entities 105, as shown in FIG. 1.
As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a backhaul communication link 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via a core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) , one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or a giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165, or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that are in communication via such communication links.
In wireless communications systems (e.g., wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., a donor base station 140) . The one or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication links 120) . IAB nodes 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by DUs 165 of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of an IAB node 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB nodes 104 may include DUs 165 that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB nodes 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB nodes 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB nodes 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170) , in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . IAB donor and IAB nodes 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs 160 (e.g., a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link.
An IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with the IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through one or more other IAB nodes 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, an IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or a child node to other IAB nodes 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB nodes 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from a parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DUs 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node 104 to signal to a child IAB node 104 or UE 115.
For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node that supports communications for a child IAB node, or referred to as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., a backhaul communication link 120) to the core network 130 and may act as parent node to IAB nodes 104. For example, the DU 165 of IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB nodes 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB nodes 104, and the IAB nodes 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through the DUs 165. That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB nodes 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of the IAB node 104. Communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of IAB donor and communications with IAB node 104 may be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.
In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., IAB nodes 104, DUs 165, CUs 160, RUs 170, RIC 175, SMO 180) .
A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, or vehicles, meters, among other examples.
The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that may sometimes act as relays as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., an access link) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting the communication links 125. For example, a carrier used for a communication link 125 may include a portion of a RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105) .
In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different radio access technology) .
The communication links 125 shown in the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of T_s=1/ (Δf_max·N_f) seconds, for which Δf_max may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and N_f may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N_f) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to multiple UEs 115 and UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a specific UE 115.
In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, the overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.
Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
In accordance with various aspects discussed herein, techniques are provided for a probabilistic shaping framework in which probabilistic shaping of modulation constellations is performed based on a parameter of a non-uniform probability distribution to be applied to a set of information bits. The non-uniform probability distribution may be selected such that a single parameter (v) may be used to indicate the final probability distribution of the non-uniform probability distribution. A transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may apply the non-uniform probability distribution to the set of information bits, and the modulation symbols of the resultant shaped bits have a non-uniform distribution in which one or more particular modulation symbol bits has a higher likelihood of a desired value (e.g., 1) . The transmitting device may signal the single parameter to the receiving device (e.g., a UE 115 or network entity 105) , and the receiving device may then use the signaled parameter to determine the final probability distribution of the non-uniform probability distribution. The non-uniform probability distribution may be applied by the receiving device when demodulating communications from the transmitting device, and the demodulated signal may be decoded to recover the transmitted set of information bits
FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may include a network entity 105-a and a UE 115-a, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein with reference to FIG. 1. The network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a may communicate with each other in either the uplink or the downlink, where the UE 115-a may transmit in the uplink and the network entity 105-a may transmit in the downlink. In some cases, the UE 115-a may additionally, or alternatively, communicate with another UE 115, such as through sidelink communications. A device transmitting a signal (e.g., in the uplink, downlink, or sidelink) may be referred to as a transmitting device, and a device receiving the transmitted signal (e.g., in the uplink, downlink, or sidelink) may be referred to as a receiving device.
In the example of FIG. 2, the wireless communications system 200 illustrates an example of the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a communicating via an uplink channel 205 or a downlink channel 210 (e.g., while the UE 115-a may additionally or alternatively communicate with another UE 115 via a sidelink channel) . For example, the network entity 105-a, the UE 115-a, or both, may transmit a signal modulated to represent a set of bits 215. As such, the bits 215 (e.g., the modulated signal representative of the bits 215) may be communicated between the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a via the uplink channel 205 or the downlink channel 210. For example, the data bits 215 may be transmitted via a distribution of modulated symbols, where each symbol in the distribution may represent one or more bits.
Some wireless communications systems (e.g., cellular, Wi-Fi) may utilize higher order modulation (e.g., 16-QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM, etc. ) to increase spectral efficiency for wireless transmissions at higher signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) values. In such systems, constellations of unshaped modulated symbols may be fixed (e.g., may be square constellations) , where each constellation point (e.g., value, symbol) may have a same probability of being used as another constellation point (e.g., each constellation point may be used with equal probability) .
In accordance with various aspects discussed herein, in some cases the distribution of symbols may be shaped such that different symbols may have different probabilities of usage, where such a distribution may be referred to as a non-uniform distribution of symbols or probabilistically shaped symbols. Probabilistic shaping may be used in some cases to increase spectral efficiency of the coded modulation, and may generate non-uniformly distributed coded modulation symbols, or non-uniformly distributed constellations. In some examples, a non-uniformly distributed QAM may have a higher capacity than a uniformly distributed QAM. Such non-uniform distributions may result in higher transmission capacities, higher spectral efficiencies, or generally higher communication quality than uniform symbol distributions. For example, non-uniformly distributed constellations may be associated with a larger mutual information (e.g., an information I, defined by parameters X and Y) than uniformly distributed constellations, at the same SNR.
An example of a probabilistic shaping framework may be PAS (e.g., distribution matching) . PAS may shape an amplitude of a constellation of modulated symbols (e.g., the amplitude may be non-uniform) , while leaving the sign of the constellation uniformly distributed. In some examples, PAS may be performed prior to, or after, channel coding of information bits.
The present disclosure provides techniques for probabilistic shaping of modulation constellations in which a parameter (e.g., v) may be used to indicate a probability distribution, which may be used to determine shaping that is applied to one or more bits of a modulation constellation. A transmitting device (e.g., network entity 105-a, UE 115-a) may encode, shape, modulate, and transmit information bits to a receiving device (e.g., UE 115-a, network entity 105-a) , and the receiving device may demodulate, deshape, and decode the received information bits. In addition to transmitting the information bits to the receiving device, the transmitting device may also communicate an indication of the value of the parameter that can be used to determine the final probability distribution. For example, in some cases, the indication of the parameter may communicated to a receiving UE by a network entity, for downlink transmissions to the UE. In other examples, for uplink transmissions, the parameter may be indicated by the network entity to the UE, and the UE may follows the indication from the network entity to perform the shaping. In other examples, for sidelink communications, where the parameter may be indicated by the transmitting UE to the receiving UE. The receiving device may use the parameter to determine the final probability distribution, and deshape received modulation symbols and decode the received information bits.
In some cases, the transmitting device may shape bits for transmission by generating a masking bit or code sequence, and combining the information bits and the masking bit or code sequence to generate one or more shaped bits for transmission. The information bits may be separately encoded from the parameter, and both the parameter and encoded information bits may be transmitted to the receiving device. The transmitting device (e.g., network entity 105-a, UE 115-a) may transmit the shaped constellation of information bits (e.g., bits 215) to a receiving device (e.g., UE 115-a, network entity 105-a) , such as via a downlink channel 210, an uplink channel 205, or a sidelink channel. In some cases, the transmitting device may indicate a number of shaped bits per modulation constellation and the associated parameter. The remaining bits that are not included in the number of shaped bits may be uniformly distributed, and referred to as “unshaped” bits. In some aspects, the number of shaped bits may be referred to as a “subset of bits” that are shaped, and remaining bits are not shaped. Such shaping may provide that the subset of bits that map to the amplitude of a QAM modulation are shaped, and the remaining bits that map to the amplitude of the QAM modulation are not shaped. In some cases, additional bits that map to the sign of the QAM modulation are unshaped.
The receiving device may receive, demodulate, deshape, and decode the shaped constellations received from the transmitting device. The receiving device may first demodulate and decode the parameter from received signaling (e.g., from a separate transmission before transmission of the shaped constellations, or transmitted along with the shaped constellations) , and use the parameter to determine the final probability distribution used to generate the shaped constellation. The receiving device may determine deshaping for the received signal based on the parameter, and demodulate the shaped information bits. The UE 115-a may decode the information bits from the deshaped information bits (e.g., using a channel code or masking bit sequence that is determined based on the signaled parameter) . FIG. 3 illustrates an example of different numbers of bits that may be probabilistically shaped.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a transmission scheme 300 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The transmission scheme 300 may be used by a transmitting device (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) , that may modulate and transmit a modulation constellation 305, which may be a probabilistically shaped constellation such as those described herein. The modulation constellation 305 transmitted to the receiving device may be an example of the bits 215 described with reference to FIG. 2.
In the example of FIG. 3, a 16-pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) modulation constellation 305 is illustrated. Examples discussed herein use the convention that one complex constellation point (e.g., 256-QAM) contains two real constellation points/dimensions, corresponding to the real and imaginary part of the same complex constellation point, respectively (e.g., a 256-QAM can be decomposed into two 16-PAM signals/constellation points, and thus a product of a 16-PAM by 16-PAM corresponds to a 256-QAM modulation constellation) . In a first example 310, probabilities for different constellation points are illustrated for one shaped bit per modulation constellation. In a second example 315 probabilities for different constellation points are illustrated for two shaped bits per modulation constellation. The number of shaped bits per modulation constellation may refer to the number of bits per real modulation constellation, and corresponding imaginary parts of modulation constellations also may have the number of shaped bits.
In the first example 310, the second bit (e.g., b₁) of four bits per constellation point (e.g., b₀, b₁, b₂, b₃) is probabilistically shaped (e.g., b₁ is the first bit mapping to the amplitude of the constellation, and b₀ is the bit mapping to the sign of the constellation) . Such a bit selection for the shaped bit provides a relatively high impact on the power of the constellation, due to b₁=0 representing all inner constellations (i.e., the eight constellation points closest to the origin) , and b₁=1 represents all outer constellation points (i.e., the eight constellation points farthest from the origin) . Such single bit shaping provides a first probability (p₁) for the outer constellation points and a higher second probability (p₂) for the inner constellation points. As illustrated in FIG. 3, such a techniques provides a substantial amount of shaping gain by only shaping the bit b₁.For example, if a set of 4 bits [b₀, b₁, b₂, b₃] is mapped to constellation x, the power change δ incurred by flipping the bit b₁ may be computed. As an example, if [b₀, b₁, b₂, b₃] = [1110] , then letting v=1 (i.e., flipping b₁ from 1 to 0 using b₁+v) moves the constellation point from [1110] to [1010] , which yields a power saving as shown in the figure to be 13²-3² =160 (and if v=0, then the power saving is zero) . Conversely, if the [b₀, b₁, b₂, b₃] = [1010] , then the power saving of flipping b₁ is 3²–13²= –160. Thus, flipping the bit b₁ will increase the power.
One non-limiting example of an approach is described here for performing shaping, with the understanding that various other shaping techniques may be implemented. Techniques discussed herein related to probability distribution determination, and the parametrization of the distribution, may be used in such various other shaping techniques. In this example, a cost function may be defined based on the value of b₁, where the cost function is c ( [b₀, b₂, b₃] ) =power ( [b₀, 1, b₂, b₃] ) –power ( [b₀, 0, b₂, b₃] ) . Then, a masking sequence V= [v₁, …, v_n] may be determined across n modulation symbols that yield the largest total power saving for a set of information bits. In some cases, V may be selected from a codebook of masking sequences according to:
In particular, the codebook C may be formed with a linear code according to V=S·G, where S denotes the vector of shaping bits, which is of smaller length than V and G is a generator matrix. It can be shown that this is equivalent to a channel decoding problem, where (1-2v_j) is a binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulated transmit signal, and is the received signal. As such, a known channel coding scheme (e.g., polar/low-density parity-check (LDPC) code) can be used to generate a shaping bit sequence S and masking bit sequence V from the signal b.
While shaping one bit per modulation constellation provides enhanced power characteristics for transmitted modulation symbols, for relatively high order constellations or relatively lower communication rate it may be beneficial to provide shaping for two or more bits per modulation constellation. In accordance with various aspects discussed herein, shaping for multiple bits per modulation constellation may be provided. For example, in the second example 315 of FIG. 3, two shaped bits per modulation constellation provide four different levels of probabilities, indicated as p₃, p₄, p₅, p₆, for each set of two constellation points from farthest away from the origin to toward the origin, respectively. Such multi-bit shaping thus provides substantial benefits, as shaping gain is further enhanced for constellation points closet to the origin.
In accordance with various techniques discussed herein, generation of sequence of signals (e.g., real valued numbers) , that can be used by a decoder to generate masking bits and shaping bits, is provided that allow for decoding to generate two or more masking bits per (real) constellation point. In some cases, the two or more masking bits per constellation point may be generated from a same shaping code. In one example, in the case of a higher order modulation such as 256-QAM modulation, octuplets of bits, b (8i) , b (8i+1) , b (8i+2) , b (8i+3) , b (8i+4) , b (8i+5) , b (8i+6) , b (8i+7) , are mapped to complex-valued modulation symbols d (i) according to
If it is denoted that: 1-2b (8i) =x₀; 1-2b (8i+2) =x₁; 1-2b (8i+4) =x₂; 1-2b (8i+6) =x₃, then the real part of the above can be written as (note, x₀, x₁, x₂, x₃ all take values in {+1, -1} ) :
The imaginary part of the constellation can be written in similar form. Now, if the power of the above expression is evaluated, and the fact thatfor all i=0, 1, 2, 3, one obtains:
and it is observed that that the power of the constellation depends on the x values through the terms x₁, x₂, x₁x₂.
In one example, two bits may be shaped, where bit b₁ and bit b₂ are shaped via v₁ and v₂. The power for the “masked” constellation point j can be re-written as follows:
The goal is to find masking bit sequencesfrom a codebook generated by a linear code (of k information bits, and blocklength 2n) that minimizes the above equation for a given data payloadIn some cases, the transmitter may treat the sequence of real numbers as the received signal corresponding to a concatenated code, where an inner code is a (k, 2n) linear shaping code, and the outer code is a (2, 3) simplex codeFor example, the outer code may take every two masking bitsassociated with a same modulation constellation and encode to three bitswheredenotes a bit-wise exclusive-OR (XOR) operation. Note that, the sign of the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) are reversed compared to Equation (2) because for shaping the transmit power is desired to be minimized, but for decoding the correlation of the received signal and the transmitted codeword is desired to be maximized. With the above approach, the transmitter may decode the concatenated code and obtain the shaping bits {s_i} _i=0, _…, _k-1 as well as the masking bits The transmitter may apply the masking bits to each modulation symbol to generate probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are transmitted to a receiver. The transmitter may also transmit an indication of the shaping bits to the receiver for use in decoding the transmitted modulation symbols. Examples of transmission and reception schemes and signaling for probabilistically shaped modulation symbols are discussed for various examples with reference to FIGs. 4 through 7.
Probabilistically shaped bits in accordance with techniques discussed herein may be achieved via probabilistic shaping or distribution matching (DM) . DM may be viewed as “inverse source coding, ” converting uniformly distributed information bits into non-uniformly distributed bits/amplitudes. In some cases, a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution, may be used as a target distribution for probability shaping. Such distribution is defined on the symbol level, and assigns higher probability to symbols of lower power. However, to achieve MB distribution, a symbol level shaping scheme (e.g., CCDM/Arithmetic coding, Huffman coding) may be needed, which is relatively computationally intensive, and may have latency/complexity issues when implemented at relatively high throughputs (e.g., 100Gbps) . In some cases, bit-level probabilistic shaping may be implemented, which shape a subset of bits that map to the amplitude. As discussed above, a large portion of the shaping gain may be achieved by just shaping one or two bits per constellation. Moreover, with bit-level shaping, as also discussed above, channel coding techniques may be applied (e.g., based on polar codes, LDPC/LDGM, convolutional codes, RM codes, Golay codes, etc) , which may allow devices to reuse existing hardware to perform shaping.
However, for bit-level shaping an optimal probability distribution may be unknown. Further, it may be both expensive and inconvenient for a transmitter to measure and explicitly signal the details of a resulting distribution to the receiver, since different bits could have different distribution, and it is a large signaling overhead to signal them. In accordance with various aspects discussed herein, families of parametrized probability distributions that can be used for bit-level shaping, where the distribution can be determined/communicated via a single parameter (e.g., v) .
In some cases, a distribution for one-bit shaping may be determined using a conditional PMF. In some examples, considering a real modulation mapping function f, which maps L bits [b₁, b₂, …, b_L] to a positive real number/amplitude level:
it may be denoted that b_\1= [b₂, …, b_L] , and let g (b_\1) =f² (1, b_\1) -f² (0, b_\1) . Using such nomenclature, a conditional PMFmay be used to shape b₁ as follows:
and
where the v is a parameter (e.g., a non-negative real number) that determines the final probability distribution (e.g., similar to the v parameter in the MB distribution) , and b_\1 are other non-shaped bits that map to the same constellation as b₁. Equivalently, the distribution may be determined via the following equation:
Here, x₁ and x₀ denote the modulation symbols corresponding to [1, b₂, …, b_L] and [0, b₂, …, b_L] , respectively. In such cases, the parameter v may be determined and communicated between the transmitting and the receiving device, and determines the final probability distribution function, which may be used to determine shaping for the shaped bit. Examples are provided below for 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM. For each of the examples, the function f takes 1, 2, 3 bits as input, respectively, and are defined as
ο f_16QAM (b₁) =2- (1-2b₁)
ο f_64QAM (b₁, b₂) =4- (1-2b₁) · [2- (1-2b₂) ]
ο f_256QAM (b₁, b₂, b₃) =8- (1-2b₁) [4- (1-2b₂) · [2- (1-2b₃) ] ]
In this case, the corresponding PMF can be computed in closed form. For example, for 64QAM:
And, for 256QAM:
The conditional PMF defined above may be the solution to the following optimization problem:

such that H_B (b₁|b_\1) ≥η, η∈ [0, 1] .
In this equation, E denotes the expectation (i.e., expected value) of the function f (b₁, b_\1) ² over the probability distribution over the random bits b₁, and b_\1, where the conditional PMF of b₁ given the bits b_\1 is given by P _{b1|b\1} .
In other words, it is the conditional distribution that minimizes the average energy E [|f (b₁, b_\1) |²] , under a constraint on the conditional source entropy H_B (b₁|b_\1) , where H_B (b₁|b_\1) is defined as
anddenotes the marginal distribution of the other bits b_\1. Note that, the structure of the optimal PMF is independent of the marginal distribution of the remaining bits b_\1. However, the parameter v of the proposed PMF can be computed based on the condition H_B (b₁|b_\1) =η, which may be based at least in part on the distribution of the remaining bits b_\1.
For completeness, a proof is provided as follows:
Consider the optimization problem, and without loss of generality, use 256QAM.
such that H_B (b₁|b₂, b₃) ≥η.
This is a convex optimization problem because the binary entropy H_B (·) is concave in Pr (b₁|b₂, b₃) , and the objective function is linear. Furthermore, the derivative of H_b (·) is
Let q₀₀=Pr (b₂, b₃=00) , and similarly for q₀₁, q₁₀, q₁₁ to be the marginal distribution of b₂, b₃.
For notational convenience, denote
· p₀₀=Pr (b₁=0|b₂b₃=00)
· p₀₁=Pr (b₁=0|b₂b₃=01)
· p₁₀=Pr (b₁=0|b₂b₃=10)
· p₁₁=Pr (b₁=0|b₂b₃=11)
Then, the objective function can be written as E [X²] = (1-2p₀₀) q₀₀g (0, 0) + (1-2p₀₁) q₀₁g (0, 1) + (1-2p₁₀) ·q₁₀g (1, 0) + (1-2p₁₁) ·q₁₁g (1, 1)
Here, p₀₀, p₀₁, p₁₀, p₁₁ are the optimization parameters. The target distribution may be determined as follows:
The Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition is to be satisfied (assuming that the optimal point is not on the boundary) :
This implies that, the distribution Pr (b₁|b₂, b₃) must satisfy
Here, λ is the Lagrangian multiplier that satisfies
Rewritingconcludes the proof.
In accordance with further aspects, shaping for more than one bit may be provided. For example, if L bits are mapped to an amplitude level via the mapping function f, and shaping may be desired for K＜L bits from the L total bits, with the remaining L-K bits uniformly distributed (i.e., unshaped) .
Let b_K= [b₁, . . b_K] , and let b_\K= [b_K+1, . . b_L] denotes the shaped bits and non-shaped bits. In such cases, shaping may be provided according to the following family of conditional PMFsof b_K given (i.e., conditional on) b_\K
wherecan be derived from v from the following equation
Such a conditional PMF shares a similar, but different, form from the MB distribution, in that for each realization of unshaped bits b_\K, the PMFssum to 1. In other words, different normalization factors are needed for different b_\K values. The distribution of this technique solves an optimization problem similar to the optimization problem for one-bit shaping, namely:

s.t. H_B (b_K|b_\K) ≥η, η∈ [0, K] .
In some examples, approaches to shape more than one bit using a single channel code (e.g., polar code) according to a target distribution are discussed above. Again, E denotes the expectation (i.e., expected value) of the function f (b_k, b_\k) ² over the probability distribution over the random bits b_k, and b_\k, where the conditional PMF of b_k given the bits b_\k is given by P _{bk|b\k} .
In some cases, it may be beneficial to have multiple shaped bits to be independent or conditionally independent. In such cases, the PMFis a product distribution, that factorizes to:
Such distribution may be obtained by solving the following optimization problem:

such that H_B (b_K|b_\K) ≥η, η∈ [0, K] .
The solution to the above problem may be determined, in some cases, as follows. The following family may be defined with conditional PMFsto shape b_K conditioned on b_\K parameterized by v, as follows:
wheresatisfies
where the expectation E [·] in the equation is taken with respect to an optimal distribution of other shaped bits b₂, …, b_K. Similarly, the other distribution may be defined in such a manner. It is noted that this is still a single parameter distribution family, parameterized by v.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a transmission scheme 400 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The transmission framework may include one or more of the features described with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3. For example, FIG. 4 illustrates one or more techniques for the processing of information bits 405 (e.g., u) for coding, shaping, and modulating information bits 405 (e.g., data) for transmission (e.g., using one or more shaping techniques described herein) .
For example, a transmitting device (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) may obtain information bits 405 (e.g., K information bits) . At 410, the transmitting device may determine a shaping parameter 415 (e.g., a parameter v for one or more bits) and, at 420, shaping may be performed on a subset of the information bits to generate a set of shaped bits 425, that are provided to a systematic forward error correcting (FEC) encoder 430. In some cases, the set of shaped bits 425 may be generated through application of a masking bit sequence that, when applied to the unshaped bits, provides an output that has a non-uniform probability distribution. The masking bit sequence may be determined as a sequence of bits such that a product of the masking bit sequence and the unshaped bits results in an output having the probability distribution that is defined by the shaping parameter (e.g., v, as discussed above) . For example, the masking bits may be used to shape the information bits 405 by applying a masking, or scrambling to the information bits 405. In some cases, the masking bit sequence (e.g., y bits) that may depend on the information bits 405 (e.g., x) , such that the combination of the set of masking bits and the information bits 405 (e.g., ) may not be uniformly distributed (e.g., may achieve the shaped or probabilistic distribution) through application of shaping to one or more bits per modulation constellation. For example, after modulation, the combination of the set of masking bits and the information bits 405 (e.g., ) may result in a desired distribution (e.g., non-uniform distribution) of modulated symbols. In other cases, the shaped bits may be generated directly from the information bits through a block code (e.g., polar code/LDPC code/convolutional code/Reed Muller code, etc. ) , or may be generated using a generator matrix, in which cases the masking bits may not need to be generated.
The systematic FEC encoder 430 in this example may encode the received bits, and generate encoded shaped bits 435, that may be provided to a modulator 440 (e.g., for QAM modulation, in which the subset of bits that map to the amplitude of a QAM modulation are shaped, and the remaining bits that map to the amplitude of the QAM modulation are not shaped, and additional bits that map to the sign of the QAM modulation are unshaped) that outputs non-uniformly distributed constellations 445 for transmission over the air. In other examples, encoding may be performed prior to shaping. In some examples, information about the parameter (v) used to determine shaping that is applied to the information bits 405 may be communicated to the receiving device (e.g., as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in RRC signaling, in downlink control information (DCI) , uplink control information (UCI) , in sidelink control information (SCI) , in a MAC control element (MAC-CE) , or any combinations thereof) . The receiving device may use this information to determine the probability distribution used at the transmitting device, and determine the set of masking bits to be used for deshaping. For example, as discussed herein, the transmitting device may generate a set of shaping bits that may be used for generating a mask. In some examples, the masking bits may be generated (e.g., re-generated by the receiving device, generated by the transmitting device) from the shaping bits via a linear block code (e.g., polar code, other code) using a generator matrix.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a reception scheme 500 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The reception scheme 500 may be used by a receiving device (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) , that may receive and demodulate signaling 505. For example, the receiving device may receive shaped constellations of modulated symbols from a transmitting device, such as those described with reference to FIGs. 2 through 4. The signaling 505 transmitted to the receiving device may be example of the bits 215 described with reference to FIG. 2.
The receiving device may receive the signaling 505 and demodulate the signaling 505 at 510. The signaling 505 may include information that indicates a parameter 515 (e.g., v) that defines a final probability distribution of non-uniformly shaped modulation constellations. As discussed herein, the indication of the parameter 515 may be provided in signaling from the transmitting device, such as via RRC signaling, DCI, UCI, SCI, MAC-CE, or any combinations thereof. In some cases, the parameter value may be indicated for each of a set of multiple resource allocations, for each OFDM symbol of a set of multiple OFDM symbols, for each subband of a set of multiple subbands used for communications, or any combinations thereof. The parameter 515 may be provided to a probability distribution determination function 520, which may determine the probability distribution used for transmission of the signaling 505 and a set of deshaping bits (e.g., masking bits) , as discussed herein.
As discussed, the signaling 505 may also include information bits, and the demodulation at 510 may be based on the determined probability distribution, and may generate a set of shaped information bits 525. At 530, the shaped information bits 525 may be decoded to generate decoded information bits 535. At 540, deshaping of the decoded information bits 535, based on the probability distribution, may be performed to generate a set of deshaped and decoded information bits 540. For example, the deshaped and decoded information bits 540 may represent an information payload decoded from the channel code used to encode the information payload.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a process flow 600 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 600 may implement or be implemented by aspects of any of the wireless communications systems, network architectures, or resource diagrams described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 5. For example, the process flow 600 includes a transmitting device 605 and a receiving device 610, each of which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105, as described herein. In the following description of the process flow 600, operations between the transmitting device 605 and the receiving device 610 may be added, omitted, or performed in a different order (with respect to the exemplary order shown) .
At 615, the transmitting device 605 may obtain information bits that are to be transmitted. In some cases, the information bits may be data bits that are in a transmit buffer of the transmitting device 605. At 620, the transmitting device 605 may determine a non-uniform distribution and associated shaping parameter. Such a determination may be performed in accordance with various techniques as discussed herein. At 625, the transmitting device 605 and receiving device 610 may communicate an indication of the shaping parameter (e.g., via RRC signaling, via control information, via a MAC-CE, etc. ) .
At 630, the receiving device 610 may determine the shaping parameter and non-uniform distribution, and at 635, may determine deshaping bits based on the shaping parameter. As discussed herein, the deshaping bits may be determined as a masking bit sequence that is applied to a set of shaped bits, where the masking bit sequence is determined based on the shaping parameter.
At 640, the transmitting device 605 may encode and shape the information bits based on the determined non-uniform distribution. At 645, the transmitting device 605 may modulate the shaped information bits (e.g., using QAM) , and at 650 transmit the information bits to the receiving device 610.
At 655, the receiving device 610 may demodulate the received transmission to generate a set of shaped information bits. At 660, the receiving device 610 may decode the information bits. At 665, the receiving device 610 may deshape the decoded bits using the deshaping bits (e.g., a sequence of masking bits) that were determined using the signaled parameter that defines the probability distribution used to shape the information bits. In some cases, a family of distributions may be predefined, and the shaping parameter (e.g., v) may be used in such distributions to determine a probability distribution that was used to shape the information bits. Thus, in order to use a particular distribution for shaping and communication, it suffices for the transmitting device 605 and the receiving device 610 to know the shaping parameter (v) . As discussed herein, the parameter (e.g., v) of the distribution may be signaled/communicated as part of a MCS table, or indicated in DCI/UCI/RRC/MAC-CE.
FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705 may also include a processor, one or more processors, memory coupled with the one or more processors, and instructions stored in the memory that are executable by the one or more processors to enable the one or more processors to perform bit-level probabilistic shaping features discussed herein. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses) .
The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.
In some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and memory coupled with the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor, instructions stored in the memory) .
Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by a processor. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 720, the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
The communications manager 720 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The communications manager 720 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The communications manager 720 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The communications manager 720 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 720 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The communications manager 720 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The communications manager 720 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for bit-level probabilistic shaping of modulation symbols that provide reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, enhanced reliability, improved utilization of processing capability, or any combinations thereof.
FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a device 705, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The device 805, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a transmission buffer 825, a probability distribution manager 830, a parameter identification manager 835, a transmission manager 840, a receive buffer 845, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
The communications manager 820 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The transmission buffer 825 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The probability distribution manager 830 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The parameter identification manager 835 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The transmission manager 840 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The parameter identification manager 835 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The receive buffer 845 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The probability distribution manager 830 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
In some cases, the transmission buffer 825, probability distribution manager 830, parameter identification manager 835, transmission manager 840, and receive buffer 845, may each be or be at least a part of a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) . The processor may be coupled with memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the transmission buffer 825, probability distribution manager 830, parameter identification manager 835, transmission manager 840, and receive buffer 845, discussed herein. A transceiver processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a transceiver of the device. A radio processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a radio (e.g., an NR radio, an LTE radio, a Wi-Fi radio) of the device. A transmitter processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a transmitter of the device. A receiver processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a receiver of the device.
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram 900 of a communications manager 920 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 720, a communications manager 820, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a transmission buffer 925, a probability distribution manager 930, a parameter identification manager 935, a transmission manager 940, a receive buffer 945, a control information manager 950, a probability mass function manager 955, a channel coding manager 960, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) which may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
The communications manager 920 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The transmission buffer 925 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The probability distribution manager 930 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The parameter identification manager 935 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The transmission manager 940 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
In some examples, the parameter identification manager 935 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining the parameter based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter determined as a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function. In some examples, a structure of the conditional probability mass function is independent of a distribution of the remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is determined based on the constraint of the conditional source entropy function being set to a defined value.
In some examples, to support communicating the indication of the parameter, the control information manager 950 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating control signaling to the receiving device that indicates the parameter. In some examples, the parameter is provided as part of a MCS table, in a DCI communication, in an RRC communication, in a MAC-CE, or any combinations thereof. In some examples, the parameter is indicated for each of a set of multiple resource allocations, for each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of a set of multiple OFDM symbols, for each subband of a set of multiple subbands used for communications, each spatial layer of a plurality of spatial layers, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and where the probability distribution is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits conditioned on all possible values of the second subset of bits and, in some cases, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of the realizations of the first set of bits sum to one.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and where the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is applied to a difference in expectation values of a power associated with different values of the at least two bits. In some examples, the expectation values are taken with respect to an optimal distribution of other shaped bits of the at least two bits.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 920 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the parameter identification manager 935 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The receive buffer 945 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. In some examples, the probability distribution manager 930 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
In some examples, the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter having a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function, and where the probability distribution is determined based on the value.
In some examples, to support obtaining the indication of the parameter, the control information manager 950 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating control signaling with the transmitting device that indicates the parameter. In some examples, the parameter is provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a DCI communication, in an RRC communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and where the probability distribution is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits given all possible values of the second subset of bits and, in some cases, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of the realizations of the first set of bits sum to one.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and where the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
In some cases, the transmission buffer 925, probability distribution manager 930, parameter identification manager 935, transmission manager 940, receive buffer 945, control information manager 950, probability mass function manager 955, and channel coding manager 960 may each be or be at least a part of a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) . The processor may be coupled with memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the transmission buffer 925, probability distribution manager 930, parameter identification manager 935, transmission manager 940, receive buffer 945, control information manager 950, probability mass function manager 955, and channel coding manager 960 discussed herein.
FIG. 10 illustrates a diagram of a system 1000 including a device 1005 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1005 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1005 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1005 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1020, an input/output (I/O) controller 1010, a transceiver 1015, an antenna 1025, a memory 1030, code 1035, and a processor 1040. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1045) .
The I/O controller 1010 may manage input and output signals for the device 1005. The I/O controller 1010 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1005. In some cases, the I/O controller 1010 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 1010 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I/O controller 1010 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 1010 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1040. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1005 via the I/O controller 1010 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 1010.
In some cases, the device 1005 may include a single antenna 1025. However, in some other cases, the device 1005 may have more than one antenna 1025, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1015 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1025, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1015 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1015 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1025 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1025. The transceiver 1015, or the transceiver 1015 and one or more antennas 1025, may be an example of a transmitter 715, a transmitter 815, a receiver 710, a receiver 810, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
The memory 1030 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1030 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1035 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1040, cause the device 1005 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1035 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1035 may not be directly executable by the processor 1040 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1030 may contain, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
The processor 1040 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1040 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1040. The processor 1040 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1030) to cause the device 1005 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . For example, the device 1005 or a component of the device 1005 may include a processor 1040 and memory 1030 coupled with or to the processor 1040, the processor 1040 and memory 1030 configured to perform various functions described herein.
The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1020 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The communications manager 1020 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
By including or configuring the communications manager 1020 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1005 may support techniques for bit-level probabilistic shaping of modulation symbols that provide reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, enhanced reliability, improved utilization of processing capability, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples, the communications manager 1020 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1015, the one or more antennas 1025, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1020 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1020 may be supported by or performed by the processor 1040, the memory 1030, the code 1035, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1035 may include instructions executable by the processor 1040 to cause the device 1005 to perform various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein, or the processor 1040 and the memory 1030 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.
FIG. 11 illustrates a diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of or include the components of a device 705, a device 805, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1105 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1105 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1120, a transceiver 1110, an antenna 1115, a memory 1125, code 1130, and a processor 1135. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1140) .
The transceiver 1110 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1110 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1105 may include one or more antennas 1115, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1110 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1115, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1115, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1115 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1115 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1110, or the transceiver 1110 and the one or more antennas 1115, or the transceiver 1110 and the one or more antennas 1115 and one or more processors or memory components (for example, the processor 1135, or the memory 1125, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1105. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
The memory 1125 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1125 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1130 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1135, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1130 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1130 may not be directly executable by the processor 1135 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1125 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
The processor 1135 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1135 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1135. The processor 1135 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1125) to cause the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include a processor 1135 and memory 1125 coupled with the processor 1135, the processor 1135 and memory 1125 configured to perform various functions described herein. The processor 1135 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1130) to perform the functions of the device 1105. The processor 1135 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1105 (such as within the memory 1125) . In some implementations, the processor 1135 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the device 1105) . For example, a processing system of the device 1105 may refer to a system including the various other components or subcomponents of the device 1105, such as the processor 1135, or the transceiver 1110, or the communications manager 1120, or other components or combinations of components of the device 1105. The processing system of the device 1105 may interface with other components of the device 1105, and may process information received from other components (such as inputs or signals) or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of the device 1105 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces to output information, or to obtain information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information, or a same interface configured to output information and to obtain information, among other implementations. In some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the device 1105 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the device 1105 may obtain information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that a first interface also may obtain information or signal inputs, and a second interface also may output information or signal outputs.
In some examples, a bus 1140 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1140 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1105, or between different components of the device 1105 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1105 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1120, the transceiver 1110, the memory 1125, the code 1130, and the processor 1135 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1120 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may support an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The communications manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The communications manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The communications manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1120 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The communications manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The communications manager 1120 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
By including or configuring the communications manager 1120 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1105 may support techniques for bit-level probabilistic shaping of modulation symbols that provide reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, enhanced reliability, improved utilization of processing capability, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1110, the one or more antennas 1115 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1120 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1110, the processor 1135, the memory 1125, the code 1130, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1130 may include instructions executable by the processor 1135 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein, or the processor 1135 and the memory 1125 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.
FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communications manager 1220. The device 1205 may also include a processor, one or more processors, memory coupled with the one or more processors, and instructions stored in the memory that are executable by the one or more processors to enable the one or more processors to perform bit-level probabilistic shaping features discussed herein. Each of these components may be in communication with each other (e.g., via one or more buses) .
The receiver 1210 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1205. The receiver 1210 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may be co-located with a receiver 1210 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1215 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the functions described herein.
In some examples, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, a processor and memory coupled with the processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing, by the processor, instructions stored in the memory) .
Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by a processor. If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functions of the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both. For example, the communications manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, send information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The communications manager 1220 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1205 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for bit-level probabilistic shaping of modulation symbols that provide reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, enhanced reliability, improved utilization of processing capability, or any combinations thereof.
FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a device 1205, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. The device 1305 may also include a processor. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
The receiver 1310 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. The receiver 1310 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The transmitter 1315 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1305. For example, the transmitter 1315 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . In some examples, the transmitter 1315 may be co-located with a receiver 1310 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1315 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
The device 1305, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 may include a transmission buffer 1325, a probability distribution manager 1330, a parameter identification manager 1335, a transmission manager 1340, a receive buffer 1345, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1320, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both. For example, the communications manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, send information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The transmission buffer 1325 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The probability distribution manager 1330 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The parameter identification manager 1335 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The transmission manager 1340 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1320 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The parameter identification manager 1335 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The receive buffer 1345 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The probability distribution manager 1330 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
In some cases, the transmission buffer 1325, probability distribution manager 1330, parameter identification manager 1335, transmission manager 1340, and receive buffer 1345, may each be or be at least a part of a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) . The processor may be coupled with memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the transmission buffer 1325, probability distribution manager 1330, parameter identification manager 1335, transmission manager 1340, and receive buffer 1345, discussed herein. A transceiver processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a transceiver of the device. A radio processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a radio (e.g., an NR radio, an LTE radio, a Wi-Fi radio) of the device. A transmitter processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a transmitter of the device. A receiver processor may be collocated with and/or communicate with (e.g., direct the operations of) a receiver of the device.
FIG. 14 illustrates a block diagram 1400 of a communications manager 1420 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1420 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220, a communications manager 1320, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1420, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1420 may include a transmission buffer 1425, a probability distribution manager 1430, a parameter identification manager 1435, a transmission manager 1440, a receive buffer 1445, a control information manager 1450, a probability mass function manager 1455, a channel coding manager 1460, or any combination thereof. Each of these components may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) which may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
The communications manager 1420 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The transmission buffer 1425 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The probability distribution manager 1430 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The parameter identification manager 1435 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The transmission manager 1440 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
In some examples, the parameter identification manager 1435 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining the parameter based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter determined as a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function. In some examples, a structure of the conditional probability mass function is independent of a distribution of the remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is determined based on the constraint of the conditional source entropy function being set to a defined value.
In some examples, to support transmitting the indication of the parameter, the control information manager 1450 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating control signaling with the receiving device that indicates the parameter. In some examples, the parameter is provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a DCI communication, in an RRC communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof. In some examples, the parameter is indicated for each of a set of multiple resource allocations, for each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of a set of multiple OFDM symbols, for each subband of a set of multiple subbands used for communications, each spatial layer of a plurality of spatial layers, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and where the probability distribution is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits conditioned on all possible values of the second subset of bits and, for each realization of the first subset of bits and the second subset of bits, values of associated conditional probability mass functions sum to one.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits, and is applied via channel coding of the at least two bits. In some examples, each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and where the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is applied to a difference in expectation values of a power associated with different values of the at least two bits. In some examples, the expectation values are taken with respect to an optimal distribution of other shaped bits of the at least two bits.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1420 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, the parameter identification manager 1435 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The receive buffer 1445 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. In some examples, the probability distribution manager 1430 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
In some examples, the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. In some examples, the parameter is a single parameter having a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function, and where the probability distribution is determined based on the value.
In some examples, to support receiving the indication of the parameter, the control information manager 1450 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating control signaling with the transmitting device that indicates the parameter. In some examples, the parameter is provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a DCI communication, in an RRC communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and where the probability distribution is based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits given all possible values of the second subset of bits and, for each realization of the first subset of bits and the second subset of bits, values of associated conditional probability mass functions sum to one.
In some examples, the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits, and is applied via channel coding of the at least two bits. In some examples, each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and where the parameter is based on a conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
In some cases, the transmission buffer 1425, probability distribution manager 1430, parameter identification manager 1435, transmission manager 1440, receive buffer 1445, control information manager 1450, probability mass function manager 1455, and channel coding manager 1460 may each be or be at least a part of a processor (e.g., a transceiver processor, or a radio processor, or a transmitter processor, or a receiver processor) . The processor may be coupled with memory and execute instructions stored in the memory that enable the processor to perform or facilitate the features of the transmission buffer 1425, probability distribution manager 1430, parameter identification manager 1435, transmission manager 1440, receive buffer 1445, control information manager 1450, probability mass function manager 1455, and channel coding manager 1460 discussed herein.
FIG. 15 illustrates a diagram of a system 1500 including a device 1505 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1505 may be an example of or include the components of a device 1205, a device 1305, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1505 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, which may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1505 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1520, a transceiver 1510, an antenna 1515, a memory 1525, code 1530, and a processor 1535. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1540) .
The transceiver 1510 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1505 may include one or more antennas 1515, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1510 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1515, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1515, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515 and one or more processors or memory components (for example, the processor 1535, or the memory 1525, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1505. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., a communication link 125, a backhaul communication link 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
The memory 1525 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1525 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1530 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1535, cause the device 1505 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1530 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1530 may not be directly executable by the processor 1535 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1525 may contain, among other things, a basic input/output (I/O) system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
The processor 1535 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1535 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1535. The processor 1535 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1525) to cause the device 1505 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . For example, the device 1505 or a component of the device 1505 may include a processor 1535 and memory 1525 coupled with the processor 1535, the processor 1535 and memory 1525 configured to perform various functions described herein. The processor 1535 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1530) to perform the functions of the device 1505. The processor 1535 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1505 (such as within the memory 1525) . In some implementations, the processor 1535 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the device 1505) . For example, a processing system of the device 1505 may refer to a system including the various other components or subcomponents of the device 1505, such as the processor 1535, or the transceiver 1510, or the communications manager 1520, or other components or combinations of components of the device 1505. The processing system of the device 1505 may interface with other components of the device 1505, and may process information received from other components (such as inputs or signals) or output information to other components. For example, a chip or modem of the device 1505 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces to output information, or to obtain information, or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information, or a same interface configured to output information and to obtain information, among other implementations. In some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the device 1505 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the device 1505 may obtain information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that a first interface also may obtain information or signal inputs, and a second interface also may output information or signal outputs.
In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1505, or between different components of the device 1505 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1505 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1520, the transceiver 1510, the memory 1525, the code 1530, and the processor 1535 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1520 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage communications with other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in cooperation with other network entities 105. In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may support an X2 interface within an LTE/LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
The communications manager 1520 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The communications manager 1520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The communications manager 1520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, with the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The communications manager 1520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1520 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The communications manager 1520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The communications manager 1520 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
By including or configuring the communications manager 1520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1505 may support techniques for bit-level probabilistic shaping of modulation symbols that provide reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, enhanced reliability, improved utilization of processing capability, or any combinations thereof
In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1510, the one or more antennas 1515 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1520 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1520 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1510, the processor 1535, the memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1530 may include instructions executable by the processor 1535 to cause the device 1505 to perform various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein, or the processor 1535 and the memory 1525 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.
FIG. 16 illustrates a diagram of a system 1600 including a device 1605 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1605 may be an example of or include the components of a device 1205, a device 1305, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1605 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The device 1605 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1620, an I/O controller 1610, a transceiver 1615, an antenna 1625, a memory 1630, code 1635, and a processor 1640. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1645) .
The I/O controller 1610 may manage input and output signals for the device 1605. The I/O controller 1610 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1605. In some cases, the I/O controller 1610 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I/O controller 1610 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I/O controller 1610 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I/O controller 1610 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1640. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1605 via the I/O controller 1610 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 1610.
In some cases, the device 1605 may include a single antenna 1625. However, in some other cases, the device 1605 may have more than one antenna 1625, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1615 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1625, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1615 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1615 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1625 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1625. The transceiver 1615, or the transceiver 1615 and one or more antennas 1625, may be an example of a transmitter 1215, a transmitter 1315, a receiver 1210, a receiver 1310, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
The memory 1630 may include RAM and ROM. The memory 1630 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1635 including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1640, cause the device 1605 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1635 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1635 may not be directly executable by the processor 1640 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the memory 1630 may contain, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
The processor 1640 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the processor 1640 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1640. The processor 1640 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1630) to cause the device 1605 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications) . For example, the device 1605 or a component of the device 1605 may include a processor 1640 and memory 1630 coupled with or to the processor 1640, the processor 1640 and memory 1630 configured to perform various functions described herein.
The communications manager 1620 may support wireless communication at a transmitting device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The communications manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The communications manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for communicating, with the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The communications manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1620 may support wireless communication at a receiving device in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The communications manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The communications manager 1620 may be configured as or otherwise support a means for demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
By including or configuring the communications manager 1620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1605 may support techniques for bit-level probabilistic shaping of modulation symbols that provide reduced processing, reduced power consumption, more efficient utilization of communication resources, enhanced reliability, improved utilization of processing capability, or any combinations thereof.
In some examples, the communications manager 1620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1615, the one or more antennas 1625, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1620 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1620 may be supported by or performed by the processor 1640, the memory 1630, the code 1635, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1635 may include instructions executable by the processor 1640 to cause the device 1605 to perform various aspects of bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications as described herein, or the processor 1640 and the memory 1630 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.
FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart showing a method 1700 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
At 1705, the method may include identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The operations of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a transmission buffer 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1710, the method may include determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a probability distribution manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1715, the method may include communicating, with the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The operations of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a parameter identification manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1720, the method may include transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a transmission manager 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart showing a method 1800 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
At 1805, the method may include identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The operations of 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a transmission buffer 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1810, the method may include determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The operations of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a probability distribution manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1815, the method may include determining a parameter that identifies the probability distribution based on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits. The operations of 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a parameter identification manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1820, the method may include communicating, with the receiving device, an indication of the parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The operations of 1820 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed by a parameter identification manager 935 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1825, the method may include transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols. The operations of 1825 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1825 may be performed by a transmission manager 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart showing a method 1900 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be performed by a UE 115 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
At 1905, the method may include identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device. The operations of 1905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by a transmission buffer 925 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1910, the method may include determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The operations of 1910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a probability distribution manager 930 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1915, the method may include communicating control signaling with the receiving device that indicates a parameter that identifies the probability distribution. The operations of 1915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a control information manager 950 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
At 1920, the method may include transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols. The operations of 1920 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed by a transmission manager 940 as described with reference to FIG. 9.
FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart showing a method 2000 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a network entity or a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be performed by a network entity or a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 6 and 12 through 16. In some examples, a network entity or a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity or the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity or the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
At 2005, the method may include obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The operations of 2005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed by a parameter identification manager 1435 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
At 2010, the method may include receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The operations of 2010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed by a receive buffer 1445 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
At 2015, the method may include demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The operations of 2015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed by a probability distribution manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
FIG. 21 illustrates a flowchart showing a method 2100 that supports bit-level probabilistic shaping in wireless communications in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 2100 may be implemented by a network entity or a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2100 may be performed by a network entity or a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 6 and 12 through 16. In some examples, a network entity or a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity or the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity or the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
At 2105, the method may include communicating control signaling with the transmitting device that indicates a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits. The operations of 2105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2105 may be performed by a control information manager 1450 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
At 2110, the method may include receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution. The operations of 2110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2110 may be performed by a receive buffer 1445 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
At 2115, the method may include demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, where the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits. The operations of 2115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2115 may be performed by a probability distribution manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising: identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device; determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits; communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution; and transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: determining the parameter based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, wherein the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter determined as a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function.
Aspect 4: The method of aspect 3, wherein a structure of the conditional probability mass function is independent of a probability distribution of the remaining bits of the set of information bits.
Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 3 through 4, wherein the parameter is determined based on the constraint of the conditional source entropy function being set to a defined value.
Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein the communicating the indication of the parameter comprises: communicating control signaling to the receiving device that indicates the parameter.
Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein the parameter is provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a DCI communication, in an RRC communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 6 through 7, wherein the parameter is indicated for each of a plurality of resource allocations, for each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of a plurality of OFDM symbols, for each subband of a plurality of subbands used for communications, each spatial layer of a plurality of spatial layers, or any combinations thereof.
Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and wherein the probability distribution is based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits given all possible values of the second subset of bits.
Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of the realizations of the first set of bits sum to one.
Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits.
Aspect 12: The method of aspect 11, wherein each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and wherein the parameter is based at least in part on conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, wherein the parameter is applied to a difference in expectation values of a power associated with different values of the at least two bits.
Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, wherein the expectation values are taken with respect to an optimal distribution of other shaped bits of the at least two bits.
Aspect 15: A method for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising: obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits; receiving, from the transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution; and demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based at least in part on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
Aspect 16: The method of aspect 15, wherein the parameter is based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
Aspect 17: The method of aspect 16, wherein the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter having a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function, and wherein the probability distribution is determined based at least in part on the value.
Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 15 through 17, wherein the obtaining the indication of the parameter comprises: communicating control signaling with the transmitting device that indicates the parameter.
Aspect 19: The method of aspect 18, wherein the parameter is provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a DCI communication, in an RRC communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 15 through 19, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and wherein the probability distribution is based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits given all possible values of the second subset of bits.
Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20, wherein, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of the realizations of the first set of bits sum to one.
Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 15 through 21, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits.
Aspect 23: The method of aspect 22, wherein each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and wherein the parameter is based at least in part on conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
Aspect 24: An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
Aspect 26: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a transmitting device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 14.
Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 23.
Aspect 28: An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 15 through 23.
Aspect 29: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a receiving device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform a method of any of aspects 15 through 23.
It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) .
The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.
As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label, or other subsequent reference label.
The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration, ” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising:

a processor;

memory coupled with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

identify a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device;

determine a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits;

communicate, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution; and

transmit the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions are further executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

determine the parameter based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter determined as a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function.
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a structure of the conditional probability mass function is independent of a probability distribution of the remaining bits of the set of information bits.
The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the parameter is determined based on the constraint of the conditional source entropy function being set to a defined value.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the instructions to communicate the indication of the parameter are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

communicate control signaling to the receiving device that indicates the parameter.
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the parameter is provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a downlink control information (DCI) communication, in a radio resource control (RRC) communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the parameter is indicated for each of a plurality of resource allocations, for each orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol of a plurality of OFDM symbols, for each subband of a plurality of subbands used for communications, each spatial layer of a plurality of spatial layers, or any combinations thereof.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and wherein the probability distribution is based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits conditioned on all possible values of the second subset of bits.
The apparatus of claim 9, wherein, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of realizations of the first subset of bits sum to one.
The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and wherein the parameter is based at least in part on conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the parameter is applied to a difference in expectation values of a power associated with different values of the at least two bits.
The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the expectation values are taken with respect to an optimal distribution of other shaped bits of the at least two bits.
An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising:

a processor;

memory coupled with the processor; and

instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

obtain an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits;

receive, from a transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution; and

demodulate the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based at least in part on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the parameter is based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter having a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function, and wherein the probability distribution is determined based at least in part on the value.
The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the instructions to obtain the indication of the parameter are executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to:

communicate control signaling from the transmitting device that indicates the parameter.
The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the parameter is provided as part of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table, in a downlink control information (DCI) communication, in a radio resource control (RRC) communication, in a medium access control (MAC) control element, or any combinations thereof.
The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for a first subset of bits of the set of information bits, the first subset of bits including at least two bits and a second subset of bits including remaining bits of the set of information bits other than the first subset of bits, and wherein the probability distribution is based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first subset of bits conditioned on all possible values of the second subset of bits.
The apparatus of claim 20, wherein, for each realization of the second subset of bits, conditional probabilities of realizations of the first subset of bits sum to one.
The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least two bits of the set of information bits.
The apparatus of claim 22, wherein each bit of the at least two bits is independent of other bits of the at least two bits, and wherein the parameter is based at least in part on conditional probability mass function that is a product distribution of two or more separate conditional probability mass functions for different available values of each of the at least two bits given all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
A method for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising:

identifying a set of information bits that are to be transmitted to a receiving device;

determining a probability distribution to be applied to the set of information bits to generate a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols for transmission of the set of information bits to a receiving device, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits;

communicating, to the receiving device, an indication of a parameter that identifies the probability distribution; and

transmitting the set of information bits to the receiving device using the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols.
The method of claim 24, further comprising:

determining the parameter based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
The method of claim 25, wherein the parameter is a single non-negative real-valued parameter determined as a value that provides a minimized average energy under a constraint on a conditional source entropy function.
The method of claim 26, wherein a structure of the conditional probability mass function is independent of a probability distribution of the remaining bits of the set of information bits.
A method for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising:

obtaining an indication of a parameter that identifies a probability distribution associated with at least a first bit of a set of information bits;

receiving, from a transmitting device, a set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols that are probabilistically shaped in accordance with the probability distribution; and

demodulating the set of probabilistically shaped modulation symbols based at least in part on the probability distribution to generate the set of information bits, wherein the probability distribution provides a non-uniform probabilistic shaping for at least a first bit of the set of information bits.
The method of claim 28, wherein the parameter is based at least in part on a conditional probability mass function for different available values of the first bit conditioned on all possible values of remaining bits of the set of information bits.
The method of claim 28, wherein the obtaining the indication of the parameter comprises:

communicating control signaling with the transmitting device that indicates the parameter.