EP4655808A1 - Steuerbarer transformator und verfahren zur steuerung eines transformators - Google Patents
Steuerbarer transformator und verfahren zur steuerung eines transformatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4655808A1 EP4655808A1 EP24703272.5A EP24703272A EP4655808A1 EP 4655808 A1 EP4655808 A1 EP 4655808A1 EP 24703272 A EP24703272 A EP 24703272A EP 4655808 A1 EP4655808 A1 EP 4655808A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transformer
- leg
- control section
- control
- core
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
- H01F29/14—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias
- H01F2029/143—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with variable magnetic bias with control winding for generating magnetic bias
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a controllable transformer and a method for controlling a transformer.
- Transformers are among the most common components in electrical engineering and are used for voltage conversion, for example in energy supply systems, in power supplies for technical devices, as well as in signal transmission and protective isolation.
- a transformer can be designed in single-phase or multi-phase designs and usually consists of at least two coils, usually referred to as the primary winding and the secondary winding, which are arranged as wound insulated conductors around a magnetic transformer core, with the Transformer core is made of a soft magnetic material in solid or laminated form, for example in the form of iron materials, sintered ferrites, electrical sheet or composite materials.
- the air gap in the transformer or coil core can be varied, for which purpose a core segment is designed to be mechanically movable.
- the disadvantage of this concept is the slow switching times caused by the mechanical actuation, which are typically in the range of seconds.
- the movable core segment is also a wearing part, particularly due to the vibrations caused by electromechanical forces that occur in typical application environments. This susceptibility to wear limits the service life of the transformers and also creates a risk of failure.
- the virtual air gap concept is based on an adjustable pre-magnetization of a magnetic core by means of an energizable control winding which extends through holes in a core section.
- control winding When the control winding is energized by means of a control current, a magnetic flux is introduced around the holes in the core section, which can influence the magnetization inductance.
- the variation in the magnetization inductance is, however, strongly dependent on the respective operating point of the choke coil, i.e., it is not possible to set a constant magnetization inductance over the entire operating range, which is unsatisfactory from a control engineering perspective.
- the technical teaching of the invention discloses a controllable transformer, at least comprising a primary winding, a secondary winding and a magnetic transformer core, wherein the transformer core has at least one control section with at least three bores, wherein the control section has a longitudinal extension direction corresponding to the main magnetic flux direction, a first transverse extension direction and a second transverse extension direction, wherein the three extension directions are oriented perpendicular to each other in pairs, and wherein
- each transverse extension plane of the control section which is spanned by the first transverse extension direction and the second transverse extension direction, at most one bore extends
- a distance of at least one bore to one of the two nearest outer edges of the control section in the first transverse direction is greater than o a distance of the bore to another edge of the control section, and/or o half a distance to another bore, wherein a control winding runs through the bores in such a way that a premagnetization of the control section can be generated by means of a control current through the control winding.
- the invention is based on the idea of integrating a controllable reluctance into the magnetic circuit of the transformer with the control section.
- a modification of the virtual air gap concept is made, which affects the number of holes for accommodating the control winding and their arrangement relative to one another or relative to the edge of the control section.
- This makes it possible to set complex premagnetization patterns in the control section of the transformer core, the usefulness of which for controlling the transformer will be shown in detail later.
- the inventive concept makes it possible to vary the magnetization inductance of the transformer over a wide operating range essentially monotonically and approximately linearly using the control current, in particular using a direct current.
- a variation of the magnetization inductance, the leakage inductance or the voltage transformation ratio is the focus of the inventive control of the transformer.
- FIGS 1 a to 1 c serve to illustrate the arrangement of the holes in the control section as part of the transformer core according to the invention. These show schematic views of a control section 31 through which one or two holes 4 run.
- the control section 31 has a longitudinal extension direction Z, which corresponds to the local main magnetic flux direction, and a transverse extension plane orthogonal to the longitudinal extension direction Z, which is spanned by the first transverse extension direction X and the second transverse extension direction Y.
- the holes 4 run in the Essentially along the second transverse extension direction Y, with at most one bore 4 running in each transverse extension plane.
- the distance x1 of a bore 4 to one of the two nearest outer edges of the control section 31 in the first transverse extension direction X is greater than a distance x2 or a distance z1 of the bore 4 to another edge of the control section 31 ( Figures 1 a and 1 b), or the distance x1 is greater than half the distance d4 to another bore 4 ( Figure 1 c).
- the main magnetic flux direction is to be understood as the local main flux direction in a respective transformer core segment, as illustrated in Figure 2.
- This shows, by way of example, a U-shaped section of a transformer core 3 which comprises one horizontal and two vertical segments, the transitions between which are shown by the dashed boundary lines.
- the longitudinal extension direction Z‘, Z”, Z“‘ and the transverse extension directions X‘, X”, X“‘ and Y‘, Y”, Y“‘ are also oriented differently locally in the sense of the present application, wherein the provisions according to the invention regarding the arrangement of the holes in the control section relate to the locally valid coordinate system X, Y, Z of the respective transformer core segment.
- Figures 3a to 3c show schematic views of a control section 31 with holes 4 arranged according to the invention, through which the control winding 5 runs, which in the case of Figure 5a runs through each hole 4 only once and in the case of Figures 5b and 5c runs through each hole 4 several times. In the latter case, a higher control flow is generated by the control current or a lower control current is required to generate an identical control current flow.
- different winding concepts of the control winding can be used to expediently influence the premagnetization of the control section of the transformer core.
- FIG. 4 simulated distributions of the magnetic flux density in rod-shaped control sections 31 of soft magnetic transformer cores are shown in Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7a as field line images, which result when the control winding is energized with different arrangements of the holes 4.
- the left-hand part of the image shows a schematic representation of the underlying model, i.e. the position of the holes 4 in the control section 31, whereby the position is systematically varied in each case, on which the distributions of the magnetic flux density shown in the other parts of the image are based.
- the simulation is based on a fixed control flux through the holes 4, whereby the primary and secondary windings of the associated transformer are each de-energized.
- the sign of the control flux of each hole 4 is shown by a dot or cross symbol.
- This exclusively central arrangement of the holes 4 corresponds to the virtual air gap concept according to the state of the art. If the holes 4 are shifted in the first transverse extension direction X, i.e. if the ratio x2/x1 is reduced, an asymmetrical distribution of magnetic flux density and pre-magnetization of the control section 31 is formed in the transverse extension planes XY. With these off-center arrangements of the holes 4, it is practically impossible to generate complete saturation of the pre-magnetization in the entire transverse extension plane of the respective hole 4 by means of the control current, since due to the source-free nature of the magnetic flux density, the bottleneck given by the distance x2 limits the magnetic flux.
- Figure 5 shows the flux distributions when the ratio of length Bz to width Bx of the control section 31 varies, ie when the ratio z1/x1 varies.
- the distance z1 between the bore 4 and the outer edge of the control section 31 represents a bottleneck that limits the magnetic flux, so that in these arrangements it is practically impossible to produce complete saturation of the premagnetization of the control section 31 in the transverse plane XY of the bore 4 by means of the control current.
- Figure 6 shows the distribution of the magnetic flux density in the control section 31 when the distance ratio x2/x1 of the holes 4 to the outer edges of the control section 31 is varied in the first transverse direction X, whereby the holes 4 are offset in opposite directions and have a control flux in the same direction.
- similar flux distributions arise in the transverse planes of the holes 4, whereas the area between the holes 4 is pre-magnetized differently due to the differences in the orientation of the control flux.
- Figure 7a shows the distributions of the magnetic flux density in the control section 31 while varying the distance d4 in the longitudinal direction Z between the two oppositely flowing bores 4.
- the control section 31 is first transferred to a state of completely saturated premagnetization, which again results in a limitation of the magnetic flux in the respective transverse planes X-Y of the bores 4, so that essentially no complete saturation of the premagnetization can be generated there by means of the control current.
- Figure 7b shows the characteristic curves of the magnetic flux (in units of the saturation flux sat) in the control section associated with the simulations in Figure 7a as a function of a magnetic voltage V, which is generated by energizing a primary winding of the transformer wound around the control section, with a constant control magnetic flux Hs of the control winding and varying the d4/x1 ratio as shown in Figure 7a.
- V magnetic voltage
- the characteristic curves (V) when there is a premagnetization of the control section caused by the control magnetic flux Hs, the characteristic curves (V) have characteristic plateaus which reflect remagnetization processes of the premagnetization due to the applied magnetic voltage V.
- the premagnetization is expressed differently, so that the position of the plateaus in the (V) characteristic curves varies.
- An essential aspect of the present invention is based on this knowledge, namely an expedient embodiment, i.e. in particular a linearization of the O(V) characteristic curves by means of a combination of holes in different arrangements for the premagnetization of the control section of the transformer core which can be expressed differently in certain sections.
- Figure 8b shows the corresponding characteristics of the flux linkage T in the control section and the magnetizing inductance L of the transformer plotted against the current I through the primary winding, with the primary winding wound around the control section and the secondary winding de-energized.
- This shows the desired characteristic, which approximately corresponds to the behavior of a coil with a coil core with a mechanically variable air gap width, i.e. a magnetization inductance L that is approximately constant over the entire operating range and can be varied monotonically and approximately linearly (power function with an exponent between 1 and 2) over a wide range of values using the control current Is.
- a particular advantage of the invention is that only a direct current is required as the control current Is to control the magnetization inductance of the transformer.
- control section of the transformer according to the invention has at least one air gap which extends in a transverse plane of the control section, wherein the air gap forms a border of the control section.
- the control section can thus be formed from a plurality of segments separated by air gaps. The provision of air gaps serves to "statically" influence the magnetization inductance of the transformer.
- the control section has, for example, a plurality of pairs of holes, wherein the pairs have different distances between the associated holes.
- the holes can, for example, have different distances from an outer edge of the control section in the first transverse extension direction.
- At least one of the holes can be designed as an elongated hole.
- An elongated hole can accommodate a larger number of turns of the control winding, so that a higher control current can be achieved.
- control section has a plurality of control section segments which are separated from one another by air gaps, wherein each control section segment has at least one bore, wherein the control section segments in particular have different dimensions in the longitudinal direction relative to the dimension in the first transverse direction.
- At least one primary winding and/or at least one secondary winding are wound around the control section of the transformer core.
- a transformer according to the invention can be designed such that neither a primary winding nor a secondary winding is wound around the control section of the transformer core. In the latter embodiment, the extent of the coupling between the primary and secondary windings can be influenced by the control current.
- the transformer according to the invention can be designed to be multiphase, wherein the transformer comprises a plurality of control sections, each of which is assigned to a phase of a multiphase alternating current.
- the transformer according to the invention comprises a direct current source and an associated control, by means of which the control current for generating the premagnetization of the control section can be introduced into the control winding.
- the invention further relates to a method for controlling a transformer according to one of the aforementioned embodiments, wherein a control current is introduced into the control winding, which generates such a premagnetization in the control section of the transformer core that a desired magnetization inductance of the transformer and/or a desired voltage transformation ratio between the at least one primary winding and the at least one secondary winding are set.
- the control current is generated, for example, by a direct current source.
- a current flowing through a primary winding of the transformer is designed as a pulsed direct current, which after passing through the primary winding passes through the control winding, thereby forming the control current.
- the pulsed direct current has a direct current and an alternating current component, wherein the alternating current component is preferably significantly smaller than the direct current component, for example, is one third of the direct current component.
- the magnetization inductance of the transformer is therefore determined by the current carried in the primary winding.
- the direct current component and the alternating current component of the mixed current can be separated from one another within the scope of the method according to the invention, with the control current being Direct current component is formed.
- the separation into direct current and alternating current components can be carried out, for example, by means of a primary winding which comprises two parallel windings, one of which is made from a strand bundle and the other from a low-resistance solid wire or another solid conductor, e.g. with a rectangular profile, so that the alternating current component runs through the strand bundle and the direct current component through the solid conductor, with the direct current component then running through the control winding as control current.
- control current can also be formed from a combination of a portion supplied by a direct current source and a portion from the current to be limited.
- a direct current source for example, two separate control windings can be provided.
- FIGs 9, 10a, 11, 12, 13a, 14, 15, 16a, 17, 18, 19 and 20a show different embodiments of transformers 100 according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view.
- the control windings are not shown in the figures.
- the control windings each run through the holes 4 in the control section 31.
- the arrangement of the holes 4 corresponds to the technical teaching of claim 1.
- the transformer cores 3 shown have as legs designated sections, which run vertically in the figures, and sections designated yokes, which run horizontally. The entirety of the legs and yokes forms the transformer core and thus the magnetic circuit.
- Figure 9 shows a transformer 100 with a transformer core 3, which has two legs and two yokes (construction of two U-cores), wherein the yoke at the top in the illustration forms the control section 31 with six holes 4.
- the longitudinal extension direction Z of the control section 31 corresponds to the main magnetic flux direction through the yoke, and the holes 4 run perpendicular to the image plane of Figure 9, i.e. perpendicular to the first transverse extension direction X and to the longitudinal extension direction Z.
- the primary winding 1 and the secondary winding 2 are each wound around one leg of the transformer core 3, for example.
- Figure 10a shows a transformer 100, the transformer core 3 of which is designed as a three-leg core with a center leg, a first outer leg (left) and a second outer leg (right), the center leg forming the control section 31 with the holes 4, a primary winding 1 being wound around the center leg and the second outer leg, and a secondary winding 2 being wound around the second outer leg.
- Figure 10b shows simulated distributions of the magnetic flux density in the transformer core 3 of a transformer according to the embodiment of Figure 10a, wherein the primary winding 1 is current-carrying and the secondary winding 2 is currentless, and wherein a different control current Is flows through the control winding in the holes of the control section (middle leg) in each partial image.
- the control winding is currentless and the magnetic flux of the Primary winding 1 can essentially pass through the middle leg freely.
- the control current Is is chosen to be large enough that a pre-magnetization of the middle leg occurs, but without the magnetization being locally saturated. The magnetic flux of primary winding 1 can therefore still pass through the middle leg to a limited extent.
- control current Is leads to a local saturation of the magnetization of the middle leg in the area of the holes, so that the magnetic flux of primary winding 1 cannot be absorbed in the middle leg.
- control current Is increases, i.e. as the pre-magnetization of the middle leg forming the control section increases, the magnetic flux of primary winding 1 is increasingly conducted through the second outer leg and thus through secondary winding 2.
- Figure 10c shows the associated voltage transformation ratio, i.e., the quotient of primary winding voltage U1 to induced secondary winding voltage U2, as a function of control current Is. Due to the inventive arrangement of the holes in the control section that accommodate the control winding, a characteristic that is suitable for control purposes and at least partially linear is present.
- Figure 11 shows a transformer 100, the transformer core 3 of which is designed as a three-leg core with a center leg, a first outer leg and a second outer leg, the center leg forming the control section 31, a primary winding 1 being wound around the center leg and the second outer leg, and a first secondary winding 2a being wound around the second outer leg and a second secondary winding 2b being wound around the center leg.
- Figure 12 shows a transformer 100, the transformer core 3 of which is designed as a three-leg core with a middle leg, a first outer leg and a second outer leg, the middle leg forming the control section 31, a primary winding 1 being wound around the first outer leg, and a secondary winding 2 being wound around the middle leg.
- Figure 13a shows a transformer 100 whose transformer core 3 is designed as a shell core with a center leg, the center leg forming the control section 31, with a primary winding 1 and a secondary winding 2 wound around the center leg.
- Figure 13b shows an associated equivalent circuit diagram.
- the premagnetization of the control section 31 can be controlled by means of the control current, so that a variable magnetization inductance Lvar results in parallel to the main inductance LH and thus the magnetization current of the transformer 100 can be controlled.
- Figures 14 and 15 show two further embodiments of transformers 100 according to the invention in a shell core design, in which air gaps 30, which extend in a transverse plane of the control section 31, lead to a reduction in the magnetization inductance.
- the control section 31 has a plurality of control section segments which are separated from one another by air gaps 30, wherein each control section segment has a bore 4, wherein the control section segments partly have different dimensions in the longitudinal direction Z relative to the dimension in the first transverse direction X.
- the bore 4 in the middle segment is designed as an elongated hole, whereby a higher control flow is possible.
- Figure 16a shows a transformer 100 whose transformer core 3 is designed as a three-leg core with a middle leg, a first outer leg and a second outer leg, the second outer leg forming the control section 31, a primary winding 1 being wound around the first outer leg and a secondary winding 2 being wound around the middle leg.
- Figure 16b shows an associated equivalent circuit diagram.
- the variation of the premagnetization of the control section 31 by means of a control current serves primarily to control the coupling between the primary winding 1 and the secondary winding 2.
- the control section 31 can have an additional air gap in order to increase the coupling of the primary winding 1 and the secondary winding 2 in the state not premagnetized by a control current or to set it to a starting value.
- the transformer core 3 is ring-shaped, with the entire transformer core 3 forming the control section 31, and with the holes 4 running in the radial direction as a second transverse extension direction Y', Y" through the control section 31.
- the main flow direction of the magnetic flux corresponding to the local longitudinal extension direction Z of the control section 31 runs circularly here.
- Figure 18 shows a transformer 100, the transformer core 3 of which is designed as a shell core with a center leg and a center yoke, the center yoke forming the control section 31, a two-part primary winding 1.1, 1.2 and a two-part secondary winding 2.1, 2.2 being wound around the center leg.
- the transformer 100 in the embodiment of Figure 19 is designed as a three-phase transformer, wherein the transformer core 3 is designed as a six-leg core, wherein the first leg, the third leg and the fifth leg each form a control section 31 .p1, 31 .p2, 31 .p3, wherein
- a primary winding 1 ,p1 of the first phase is wound around the first leg and the second leg, and a secondary winding 2.p1 of the first phase is wound around the second leg, and
- a primary winding 1,p2 of the second phase is wound around the third leg and the fourth leg, and a secondary winding 2,p2 of the second phase is wound around the fourth leg, and
- a primary winding 1,p3 of the third phase is wound around the fifth leg and the sixth leg, and a secondary winding 2,p3 of the third phase is wound around the sixth leg.
- Figure 20a shows a transformer 100 with a transformer core 3 made of a combination of a shell core section (bottom) and an E-core section (top) arranged thereon, wherein the center leg of the E-core section forms the control section 31 and is separated from the shell core section by an air gap 30, wherein a first partial winding 1.1 of the primary winding is wound around the control section 31, and wherein a second partial winding 1.2 of the primary winding and a secondary winding 2 are wound around the center leg of the shell core section.
- Figure 20b shows an associated equivalent circuit diagram, from which it can be seen that in this exemplary embodiment, in particular the leakage inductance L ai of the primary winding can be varied by means of the control current and the resulting premagnetization in the control section 31.
- Fig. 1 a - 1 c schematic representations of the arrangement of the holes according to the invention
- Fig. 2 schematic diagram to illustrate the
- Fig. 3a - 3c schematic representations of the control windings according to the invention
- Fig. 4 simulated flux density distributions in a control section with variation of the bore arrangement
- Fig. 5 simulated flux density distributions in a control section with variation of the geometry
- Fig. 6 simulated flux density distributions in a control section with variation of the bore arrangement
- Fig. 7a simulated flux density distributions in a control section with variation of the bore arrangement
- Fig. 7b Characteristic curves for Fig. 7a
- Fig. 8a simulated flux density distributions in a control section with variation of the bore arrangement and associated characteristic curves
- Fig. 8b Characteristic curves for Fig. 8a
- Fig. 9 first embodiment of a transformer according to the invention.
- Fig. 10a second embodiment of a transformer according to the invention
- Fig. 10b simulated flux density distributions in the transformer of Fig. 10a when varying the control current
- Fig. 11 third embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 13a fifth embodiment of a transformer according to the invention.
- Fig. 14 sixth embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 15 seventh embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 16a eighth embodiment of a transformer according to the invention.
- Fig. 16b Equivalent circuit of the transformer of Fig. 16a
- Fig. 17 ninth embodiment of an inventive
- Fig. 20a twelve embodiments of a transformer according to the invention.
- Fig. 20b Equivalent circuit of the transformer of Fig. 20a.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023101986.4A DE102023101986A1 (de) | 2023-01-27 | 2023-01-27 | Steuerbarer Transformator und Verfahren zur Steuerung eines Transformators |
| PCT/EP2024/051793 WO2024156811A1 (de) | 2023-01-27 | 2024-01-25 | Steuerbarer transformator und verfahren zur steuerung eines transformators |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4655808A1 true EP4655808A1 (de) | 2025-12-03 |
Family
ID=87518637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24703272.5A Pending EP4655808A1 (de) | 2023-01-27 | 2024-01-25 | Steuerbarer transformator und verfahren zur steuerung eines transformators |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4655808A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN121002597A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023101986A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024156811A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4020440A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1977-04-26 | Moerman Nathan A | Conversion and control of electrical energy by electromagnetic induction |
| JP3789285B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-21 | 2006-06-21 | 東北電力株式会社 | 可変変圧器 |
| MXNL06000065A (es) * | 2006-09-18 | 2008-03-17 | Prolec Ge S De R L De C V | Reactor electrico de potencia reactiva controlada y metodo para ajustar la potencia reactiva. |
| FR2972866B1 (fr) | 2011-03-18 | 2013-04-12 | Electricite De France | Limiteur serie de courant par circuit magnetique a trous et fenetres |
| US9568563B2 (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2017-02-14 | The Boeing Company | Magnetic core flux sensor |
-
2023
- 2023-01-27 DE DE102023101986.4A patent/DE102023101986A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-25 WO PCT/EP2024/051793 patent/WO2024156811A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-25 EP EP24703272.5A patent/EP4655808A1/de active Pending
- 2024-01-25 CN CN202480022292.0A patent/CN121002597A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN121002597A (zh) | 2025-11-21 |
| DE102023101986A1 (de) | 2023-08-24 |
| WO2024156811A1 (de) | 2024-08-02 |
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