EP4630954A1 - Mechanisch, insbesondere tribologisch beanspruchtes bauteil sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung - Google Patents
Mechanisch, insbesondere tribologisch beanspruchtes bauteil sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4630954A1 EP4630954A1 EP23821565.1A EP23821565A EP4630954A1 EP 4630954 A1 EP4630954 A1 EP 4630954A1 EP 23821565 A EP23821565 A EP 23821565A EP 4630954 A1 EP4630954 A1 EP 4630954A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- functional layer
- roller
- functional
- sacrificial layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B38/00—Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
- B22D11/128—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for removing
- B22D11/1287—Rolls; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/02—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making reinforced articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/08—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for building-up linings or coverings, e.g. of anti-frictional metal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mechanically, in particular tribologically stressed component in a rolling mill and to a method for producing or restoring such a component.
- a mechanically, in particular tribologically stressed component within the meaning of the invention can be, for example, a sliding guide, a linear guide, a guide ruler or a roller or roll which, for example, is in contact with the rolling stock and is designed as a wear partner in terms of the material configuration.
- the invention particularly relates to a roller for engaging rolling stock in a rolling mill and to a method for producing or restoring a roller for engaging rolling stock in a rolling mill, in particular in a hot rolling mill.
- Such a roller is known, for example, from WO 2009/130079A1.
- This publication relates to a roller for transporting continuously cast steel strands on a roller table or in a continuous casting machine, with a roller body that comprises a roller shell made of a base material and a wear layer applied to the base material by welding with a welding filler material, which encloses the roller shell surface, the base material of the roller shell being steel.
- the application is carried out as a single-layer weld.
- the roller is restored after wear by preparing the roller shell as a turned part and applying a single-layer weld to the base material with a certain minimum thickness.
- the weld layer is then turned back to a closed, single-surface roller shell surface while maintaining a minimum thickness of the wear layer.
- rollers such as those described in WO 2009/130079A1
- coatings that perform different functions, for example increased wear resistance, increased bending or torsion resistance under static, dynamic or oscillating stress, increased temperature resistance, a certain thermal expansion or thermal conductivity, and increased corrosion resistance.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a component for engagement, in particular, in hot rolling stock in a rolling mill, which is optimized with regard to its wear properties and which can be manufactured relatively easily and/or which can be easily restored.
- the invention is further based on the object of providing a corresponding method for producing and/or restoring such a component.
- a mechanically, in particular tribologically stressed component is provided with a base body made of a base material and at least one functional layer applied to the base body, wherein the material of the at least one functional layer has a higher wear resistance than the base material, wherein the base body comprises at least one further outer layer as a sacrificial layer, which at least partially encloses the at least one functional layer and the sacrificial layer consists of a material that has a lower wear resistance than the at least one functional layer.
- a mechanically stressed component within the meaning of the invention is, for example, a component that is designed as a wear partner for engaging in rolling stock or for guiding the rolling stock.
- the term component within the meaning of the invention includes, for example, but not exclusively, sliding guides in roller tables, Guide rails, rollers or rolls, for example support rollers that interact with other rollers.
- the at least one functional layer consists of a relatively harder and/or more wear-resistant material than the sacrificial layer.
- a roller for engaging in hot rolling stock in a hot rolling mill is provided as a component within the meaning of the invention, which roller has a roller body which comprises a roller shell made of a base material and at least one functional layer made of at least one material different from the base material, wherein the material of the at least one functional layer has a higher wear resistance than the base material, wherein the roller body comprises at least one further outer layer as a sacrificial layer which at least partially encloses the at least one functional layer and the sacrificial layer consists of a material which has a lower wear resistance than the at least one functional layer.
- a roller for engaging hot rolling stock within the meaning of the present invention is a roller or roll as a roller table roller, roll of a rolling mill, roll of a continuous casting machine or continuous casting guide or another unit which is intended for supporting, treating and/or transporting the hot rolling stock.
- the roller body and/or the roller shell are, for example, essentially cylindrical, whereby the shell surface of the roller can also be conical or cambered.
- the shell body of the roller can have a plurality of layers that can form a composite with corresponding material properties.
- At least one outer layer of the roller shell is designed as a so-called functional layer, which means that the material of the functional layer has the desired properties for intervention in the rolled stock with regard to wear resistance or temperature resistance or hardness or ductility.
- a functional layer within the meaning of the invention is understood to mean a wear protection layer which consists of a material which is more wear-resistant with respect to the base material of the roller body and/or with respect to other layers of the roller.
- the sacrificial layer does not meet all the requirements for engaging with the rolling stock, in particular this sacrificial layer has a lower wear resistance.
- the sacrificial layer can nevertheless meet the desired application-specific properties.
- the roller shell can comprise one or more supplementary layers that are arranged underneath at least one functional layer.
- Supplementary layers can perform various functions, e.g. separating two hard and brittle layers to prevent cracks or separating two different hard layers to prevent mixing, but can also function as a sacrificial layer.
- the supplementary layers can, for example, have lower strength and greater ductility than the other layers, thus allowing the reduction of stresses and the prevention of cracks in the boundary area to a functional layer of high hardness and wear resistance.
- sacrificial layer means that this partial layer does not have the properties required by the application, e.g. in a rolling mill, but that a partial layer or part of the total layer is deliberately applied in order to to provide the underlying layer area with particularly advantageous properties or to generally promote its effective use, optimal for the application.
- the sacrificial layer can, for example, be applied above a hard layer and form the outermost surface of the roll. This can be machined to provide a desired surface quality, for example a certain surface roughness.
- the sacrificial layer can completely or partially enclose an outer functional layer. If the roll has an additional soft layer above a hard layer that has been mechanically reworked, this has various advantages. In this way, it is easier to achieve a good surface quality when coating. Furthermore, mechanical processing of the sacrificial layer is much easier. The sacrificial layer can be reworked using a simpler and more cost-effective process, such as turning or reversing to a nominal diameter. Finally, the tool used for this is cheaper and easier to handle. The valuable hard layer or functional layer is completely or almost completely preserved, since the application and removal of the softer layer can be optimally tailored to the application. The thickness of the softer layer can be freely selected within wide limits and thus adapted to the requirements of the overall system. Preservation of the functional layer is one aspect of the invention, particularly if the functional layer has a property gradient in which the best properties are achieved directly on the surface.
- This also increases the design freedom when applying the hard layer, in preferred embodiments one layer that has a structure and property gradient, or several layers that have a structure and property gradient from layer to layer or several Layers that have a structure and property gradient from layer to layer and within the layers. If, for example, 200 to 500 micrometers had to be removed after coating, a complex optimization of alloy composition and process parameters with the aim of setting the optimal properties in the area near the edge, e.g. in the form of high strength or good corrosion resistance, would often be pointless.
- the disadvantages of the prior art are remedied according to the invention by applying a preferably softer sacrificial layer or cover layer, which is partially or almost completely removed during mechanical processing. Any remnants of the soft layer are quickly removed during industrial use due to their low wear resistance and do not impair the functionality of the layer.
- the hard layer can then be used exactly for its original purpose because it is completely preserved.
- the property profile which correlates with the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the layer, can thus be adjusted according to specifications or as desired. Any thickness that is not exactly uniform over length and width or in the axial and tangential direction due to the lack of processing of this hard layer is evened out during operation due to the mechanical stress that occurs.
- An optimal combination of application and subsequent partial removal of the entire layer ensures that, on the one hand, the technical properties are particularly advantageous and, on the other hand, the economic efficiency of the product is maximized.
- the at least one functional layer consists of a relatively harder and/or more wear-resistant material than the sacrificial layer.
- the functional layer can have a radially extending structural and/or property gradient.
- the functional layer can have a hardness gradient from the inside to the outside, for example from softer to harder.
- the functional layer can, for example, comprise a steel that contains a certain proportion of hard foreign phases such as tungsten carbide or titanium carbide. These foreign phases can be distributed in a layer, i.e. continuously, in such a way that a hardness gradient is achieved. Such a hardness gradient is easily achieved when a hard functional layer in the sense of the present invention with a softer cover layer as a sacrificial layer forms the outer surface of the component or, for example, the roller shell of the roller.
- the sacrificial layer allows the set gradient to be maintained.
- a wear-resistant hot-work steel such as 1.2344 or a high-speed steel such as 1.3344 can be considered as a material for the at least one functional layer.
- martensitic Stainless steels based on 1.4057 for example, nickel-based alloys such as Inconel 625 and Inconel 718 or cobalt-based alloys such as Stellite 6 and Stellite 21 are suitable.
- Particularly wear-resistant layers also contain hard phases such as tungsten carbides and/or titanium carbides. In extreme cases, the volume fraction of the hard phases can exceed that of the matrix.
- a plurality of functional layers are provided which have different properties and/or consist of different materials.
- the plurality of functional layers can, for example, form a radial structural and/or property gradient of the roller shell.
- the component according to the invention it is provided that its outer surface is designed as a single-surface outer surface, i.e. that it has no steps or diameter jumps.
- the outer surface of a roller as a component can be cylindrical, conical, cambered or S-shaped.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing or restoring a mechanically, in particular tribologically stressed component according to one of claims 1 to 8, with a base body made of a base material and at least one functional layer applied to the base body, which comprises at least one material different from the base material, comprising the following method steps:
- the sacrificial layer consists of a material which differs in terms of material properties from the material properties of the functional layer and which has a lower wear resistance than the at least one functional layer
- the application of the at least one functional layer and/or the sacrificial layer is preferably selected from a group of methods comprising build-up welding, thermal spraying, plasma coating, casting, centrifugal casting, vapor deposition, dusting, galvanic coating, chemical coating.
- the reworking can be done, for example, by turning and/or milling and/or grinding.
- the thickness of the at least one functional layer and/or the sacrificial layer can be selected such that the sacrificial layer at least partially encloses the at least one functional layer after the material removal.
- the shell surface can be manufactured as a single-surface shell surface.
- a plurality of functional layers can be applied which have different properties and/or consist of different materials, such that the plurality of functional layers form a structure and/or property gradient.
- a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing or restoring a roll for engaging hot rolling stock in a hot rolling mill, in particular for producing or restoring a roll with a roll body comprising a roll shell made of a base material and at least one functional layer made of at least one material different from the base material, comprising the following processing steps:
- the sacrificial layer consists of a material which differs from the material properties of the functional layer in terms of material properties and which has a lower wear resistance than the at least one functional layer
- the process steps are preferably carried out in the order in which they are listed.
- the application of the at least one functional layer and/or the sacrificial layer can be carried out, for example, by deposition welding, thermal spraying, casting, vapor deposition, plasma coating, centrifugal casting, dusting, galvanic coating or chemical coating.
- the method according to the invention can further comprise using the heat supplied during application of the sacrificial layer to influence the underlying functional layer with regard to its ductility.
- the functional layer is subjected to an annealing process by the sacrificial layer.
- Post-processing can be done by turning and/or milling and/or grinding.
- the thickness of the at least one functional layer and/or the sacrificial layer is selected such that the sacrificial layer at least partially encloses the at least one functional layer after the diameter reduction of the roller shell.
- the roller shell surface is preferably manufactured as a single-surface shell surface. This can, for example, be completely closed.
- a plurality of functional layers are applied which have different properties and/or consist of different materials, such that the plurality of functional layers form a preferably radial structure and/or property gradient of the roller shell.
- the described layers with the corresponding properties can be adapted to different loads which act on the roller shell at different times in such a way that the best possible roller shell properties exist with regard to the respective external loads. according to the arrangement of the layers on the roll.
- the wear and/or load resistance of the roller according to the invention can, for example, be optimized in an application-oriented manner, wherein a method for application-oriented optimization can comprise the acquisition of tribological data during the manufacture and/or restoration of at least one roller, the acquisition of wear and/or load data resulting from the operational use of the roller, the correlation of the tribological data from the manufacture and/or restoration of the roller with the wear and/or load data from the operation of an electronic database and the automatic load-oriented design and/or modification of the structure of the roller shell and/or the automatic modification of the operational load of the roller.
- a method for application-oriented optimization can comprise the acquisition of tribological data during the manufacture and/or restoration of at least one roller, the acquisition of wear and/or load data resulting from the operational use of the roller, the correlation of the tribological data from the manufacture and/or restoration of the roller with the wear and/or load data from the operation of an electronic database and the automatic load-oriented design and/or modification of the structure of the roller shell and/or the
- the optimization of wear and/or load resistance of the component or roller can, for example, also be carried out using data regarding material removal during operation and/or during restoration of the component.
- the tribological data are preferably measurement data selected from a group of measurement data comprising torques, cutting forces, feed forces, friction forces, friction coefficients and temperatures during machining of the component or the roller shell and surface roughness of the roller shell surface immediately after machining of the roller shell.
- the tribological data can be recorded both location-related and time-related in relation to the geometry of a roller.
- the wear and/or load data from the operation of the roller are preferably measured data which are either temporarily recorded on the roller in operation recorded on the roll or captured online during operation.
- the wear data may include measured surface properties selected from a group of measurement data on roughness, waviness, profile, surface hardness, coefficient of friction of the outer surface of the roller and the structure of the wear traces in the outer surface of the roller.
- Cutting processes with geometrically defined and indeterminate cutting edges can also be considered tribometers. Therefore, the recording of material removal and the associated resulting variables such as surface quality as well as the shape and position of the surfaces can be taken into account to optimize the wear and/or load resistance of the component.
- the load data can be selected from a group of data comprising the point loads acting on the roll, line loads, surface pressures, the rotational speeds and the slip of the roll as well as the temperature and/or nature of the rolling stock and/or the media used for rolling stock cooling.
- the method may comprise an automatic evaluation of the corrected data with the aid of at least one expert system and/or using methods based on machine learning methods, in particular based on artificial neural networks, deep artificial neural networks, decision trees, ensemble methods based on decision trees, linear or nonlinear regression models with or without regularization, support vector machines with linear, polynomial or other kernel functions, or the like.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a partial section through a roller designed according to the prior art
- FIG 2 is a schematic representation of several manufacturing stages of the roll shown in Figure 1,
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the manufacturing or repair process of a roll according to the invention by means of several partial sectional views
- Figure 4 shows a partial section through a roller according to the invention after a certain operating time
- Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a multilayer system of a roll according to the invention.
- Figures 1 and 2 show several partial sectional views of a prior art roller in various stages of manufacture.
- the reference numerals used in relation to Figures 1 and 2 are equally used for the roller according to the invention shown in Figures 3 to 5.
- the roller 1 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is shown as a partial sectional view, with the sectional view being shown above an axis of symmetry of the roller 1.
- the roller 1 comprises a roller body 2 made of steel as the base material and a jacket layer which comprises a so-called functional layer 3.
- a supplementary layer 4 can be provided below the functional layer 3. be arranged.
- the functional layer is usually applied as a wear protection layer with corresponding material properties, for example by welding, to the supplementary layer 4 or directly to the roller body 2.
- the functional layer 3 is machined after the functional layer 3 has been applied, i.e. it is usually turned to the nominal diameter of the roller 1 and ground accordingly.
- the state of the roller 1 after the functional layer 3 has been applied is shown in Figure 2A, and the state after the surface has been machined is shown in Figure 2B. It is easy to understand that reworking the surface of the functional layer 3 is associated with a corresponding amount of effort.
- inventions 3 to 5 The method according to the invention and the component according to the invention, in the example described a roller 1, are illustrated in Figures 3 to 5.
- possible components include, for example, but not exclusively, sliding guides in roller tables, guide rails, rollers or rolls, for example also support rolls that interact with other rolls or other mechanically loaded components that are subject to wear.
- Figure 3A shows the state of the roller 1 after application of the functional layer 3 made of a wear-resistant and hard and/or tough material, which has more favorable properties in terms of wear properties than the base material of the roller body 2 and/or a supplementary layer 4 arranged between them.
- the supplementary layer 4 can, for example, consist of a relatively soft material based on the austenitic stainless steel 1 .4404.
- the functional layer 3, which in the described embodiment of the invention was applied by deposition welding consists, for example, of a wear-resistant hot-work steel such as 1.2344 or a high-speed steel such as 1.3344 comprising foreign phases of tungsten carbide and/or titanium carbide, which achieve a corresponding wear resistance of the functional layer 3.
- a sacrificial layer 5 is applied to the functional layer 3, which consists, for example, of the same material as the other supplementary layers or of a different material, since the sacrificial layer can, for example, have a lower ductility than the supplementary layers further inside (e.g. buffer layers) or, for example, unlike these, does not have to meet any special requirements with regard to heat conduction and/or thermal expansion.
- the sacrificial layer 5 does not meet the application-specific requirements for the wear resistance and/or hardness and/or toughness of the material.
- the roller shell After application of the sacrificial layer 5, the roller shell has an excess dimension which is reduced to the nominal diameter of the roller 1 in a further process step by appropriate post-processing such as milling, grinding or turning and, as illustrated in Figure 3C, finally has the desired surface roughness in accordance with the specifications from the application of the roller 1.
- Figure 4 shows a partial section through the roller 1 according to the invention after a certain period of use or operating time. Parts of the sacrificial layer have been worn away as a result of stress, parts of which are still present. Parts of the functional layer 3 are also worn away, with the removal in both layers generally being of different degrees. The thickness of the functional layer 3 becomes more uniform over time.
- Figure 5 illustrates a multi-layer system of the roll shell, which comprises a plurality of functional layers 3 and a plurality of supplementary layers 4, which are arranged in such a way that a radial hardness gradient is achieved.
- a sacrificial layer 5, which is not shown in Figure 5, is applied above the layer arrangement of functional layers 3. This is also reworked, as in the example according to Figure 3, by appropriate post-processing with regard to the surface roughness and with regard to the nominal diameter of the roll.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022213177.0A DE102022213177A1 (de) | 2022-12-07 | 2022-12-07 | Mechanisch, insbesondere tribologisch beanspruchtes Bauteil sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| PCT/EP2023/084622 WO2024121270A1 (de) | 2022-12-07 | 2023-12-06 | Mechanisch, insbesondere tribologisch beanspruchtes bauteil sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4630954A1 true EP4630954A1 (de) | 2025-10-15 |
Family
ID=89168268
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23821565.1A Pending EP4630954A1 (de) | 2022-12-07 | 2023-12-06 | Mechanisch, insbesondere tribologisch beanspruchtes bauteil sowie verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4630954A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025540249A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250116667A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022213177A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024121270A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5198629A (ja) * | 1975-02-27 | 1976-08-31 | Yosetsuseigaryokodetaimamoseino suguretanisokan | |
| JPS5897411A (ja) * | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-09 | Nippon Steel Corp | H型鋼圧延ロ−ル用三層スリ−ブ |
| DE4442186C2 (de) * | 1994-11-26 | 1999-03-04 | Glyco Metall Werke | Schichtwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| AT506674B9 (de) | 2008-04-22 | 2010-10-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Rolle zum stützen und transportieren von heissem gut, verfahren zur herstellung der rolle, verfahren zur wiederherstellung einer abgenützten rolle, schweisszusatzwerkstoff und schweissdraht zur herstellung einer auftragsschweissung |
| SE1300673A1 (sv) * | 2013-10-28 | 2015-04-14 | Skf Ab | Kontinuerlig gjutningsvals och förfarande för dess framställning |
-
2022
- 2022-12-07 DE DE102022213177.0A patent/DE102022213177A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-12-06 JP JP2025533043A patent/JP2025540249A/ja active Pending
- 2023-12-06 KR KR1020257020060A patent/KR20250116667A/ko active Pending
- 2023-12-06 WO PCT/EP2023/084622 patent/WO2024121270A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-12-06 EP EP23821565.1A patent/EP4630954A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025540249A (ja) | 2025-12-11 |
| WO2024121270A1 (de) | 2024-06-13 |
| KR20250116667A (ko) | 2025-08-01 |
| DE102022213177A1 (de) | 2024-06-13 |
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