EP4630667A1 - Verfahren zum betreiben einer antriebseinrichtung sowie entsprechende antriebseinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betreiben einer antriebseinrichtung sowie entsprechende antriebseinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4630667A1 EP4630667A1 EP23817424.7A EP23817424A EP4630667A1 EP 4630667 A1 EP4630667 A1 EP 4630667A1 EP 23817424 A EP23817424 A EP 23817424A EP 4630667 A1 EP4630667 A1 EP 4630667A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen oxide
- value
- slip
- reducing agent
- indicator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. by adjusting the dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for operating a drive device, in particular for a motor vehicle, which has a drive unit that generates exhaust gas and at least one vehicle catalyst designed as an SCR catalyst for aftertreating the exhaust gas, wherein a reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas at least temporarily upstream of the vehicle catalyst.
- the invention also relates to a drive device, in particular for a motor vehicle.
- the document DE 10 2005 031 720 B4 is known from the prior art.
- This describes a method for metering a reducing agent in the form of an aqueous urea solution into an exhaust line of an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas purification system, comprising a valve arranged in the exhaust line for adding the reducing agent to the exhaust gas and a nitrogen oxide reduction catalyst arranged downstream of the metering valve in the exhaust line, designed as an SCR catalyst, on which a selective reduction of nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas can take place with ammonia, and a control device for controlling the exhaust gas purification system, wherein the control device sets a metering rate of reducing agent to be added to the exhaust gas via the metering valve.
- control device determines changes in a wall film mass of reducing agent deposited on the inner wall of the exhaust pipe and takes them into account when setting the dosing rate, wherein the control device determines an accumulation rate of reducing agent accumulating in the wall film and a desorption rate of reducing agent desorbing from the wall film, and the amount of the wall film mass is continuously determined by balancing the accumulation rate and the desorption rate.
- a method for operating a drive device in particular for a motor vehicle, with the features of claim 1. It is provided that, in particular by means of a first nitrogen oxide sensor, a first nitrogen oxide value describing the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas upstream of the vehicle catalyst is determined and, in particular by means of a second nitrogen oxide sensor, a second nitrogen oxide value describing the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas downstream of the vehicle catalyst is determined and at least temporarily based on the nitrogen oxide values, a first slip indicator is determined using a first reducing agent slip model and a second slip indicator is determined using a second reducing agent slip model, wherein a total slip indicator is determined from the first slip indicator and the second slip indicator.
- second status and is reset to the first status if the status of the other of the slip indicators has not changed by the end of the first time period, and/or if the status of one of the slip indicators changes from the second status to the first status and the other of the slip indicators remains the same, it is only set to the first value after a certain second time period has elapsed and if the status of the other slip indicator changes before the end of the second time period.
- the drive device preferably serves to drive the motor vehicle, i.e. to provide a drive torque aimed at driving the motor vehicle.
- the drive device has the drive unit to provide the drive torque.
- fuel and fresh gas are supplied to the drive unit at least temporarily, the fresh gas containing fresh air at least temporarily.
- the fresh gas can contain exhaust gas if exhaust gas recirculation is implemented, in which the exhaust gas generated by the drive unit is at least partially returned to the drive unit, namely as a component of the fresh gas.
- the fuel and the fresh gas that are supplied to the drive unit form a fuel-fresh gas mixture with a specific composition, which is reacted in the drive unit.
- exhaust gas is produced due to the chemical reaction between fuel and fresh gas, which is discharged towards the outside environment of the drive unit or the motor vehicle. Since the exhaust gas produced by the drive unit contains pollutants, in particular nitrogen oxides, the Before being released into the outside environment, exhaust gases are first fed into an exhaust gas aftertreatment system. In the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, the pollutants are at least partially converted into less dangerous products. Only after passing through the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is the exhaust gas discharged into the outside environment.
- the exhaust gas aftertreatment device has at least one vehicle catalyst, which is designed as an SCR catalyst.
- the SCR catalyst is intended and designed to carry out a selective catalytic reduction of the pollutants, in particular the nitrogen oxides.
- the reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas, namely upstream of the vehicle catalyst or - in other words - in terms of flow between the drive unit and the vehicle catalyst, preferably between the first nitrogen oxide sensor - if present - and the vehicle catalyst.
- the reducing agent passes through the vehicle catalyst together with the exhaust gas and thereby causes or at least promotes the reduction of the pollutants in the exhaust gas.
- Ammonia for example, is used as a reducing agent, which is preferably introduced into the exhaust gas in the form of an aqueous urea solution. The ammonia is formed from the urea solution by thermolysis in the exhaust gas.
- the exhaust gas aftertreatment device can have at least one further vehicle catalyst and/or a particle filter.
- the further vehicle catalyst is present, for example, as a three-way catalyst, oxidation catalyst, NO x storage catalyst or the like.
- the particle filter is preferably designed as a gasoline particle filter or as a diesel particle filter.
- the particle filter can be manufactured with an integrated vehicle catalyst and for this purpose can have, for example, a catalytic coating.
- a certain amount of reducing agent is required to convert the pollutants into less dangerous products in the vehicle catalyst. Excess reducing agent is at least partially chemically unchanged through the vehicle catalyst or is desorbed from the vehicle catalyst. This is referred to as reducing agent slip and leads to a deterioration in vehicle emissions.
- Concepts for detecting reducing agent slip and adjusting the amount of reducing agent introduced into the exhaust gas or the reducing agent throughput already exist. However, these are not sufficiently accurate and/or only provide the required information with a time delay.
- the latter also applies to a measurement of the reducing agent concentration downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter. As soon as the measured reducing agent concentration exceeds a corresponding threshold value, an unacceptably large amount of reducing agent is released into the outside environment. This means that a reaction to the threshold value being exceeded only occurs when the reducing agent has already passed through the vehicle catalytic converter.
- the aim is to detect the reducing agent slip before or immediately after it actually occurs and to initiate appropriate countermeasures. These consist, for example, of adjusting the amount of reducing agent introduced or the reducing agent mass flow.
- the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas is first determined, namely upstream of the vehicle catalytic converter and downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter.
- the first nitrogen oxide value is measured using the first nitrogen oxide sensor and the second nitrogen oxide value is measured using the second nitrogen oxide sensor.
- the first nitrogen oxide value can be determined using a model. In this case, the first nitrogen oxide sensor can be omitted and the second nitrogen oxide sensor can simply be referred to as the nitrogen oxide sensor.
- the first nitrogen oxide value describes the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas upstream of the vehicle catalyst and the second nitrogen oxide value the Nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter.
- the first nitrogen oxide value is determined in terms of flow between the drive unit and the vehicle catalytic converter and the second nitrogen oxide value is determined in terms of flow between the vehicle catalytic converter and a tailpipe through which the exhaust gas from the drive system is released into the outside environment.
- the nitrogen oxide sensor or sensors not only react to nitrogen oxide but are also cross-sensitive to the reducing agent.
- the first nitrogen oxide content and the second nitrogen oxide content therefore do not correspond, at least temporarily, to the actual nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas at the respective location, but are distorted by the reducing agent content of the exhaust gas.
- the nitrogen oxide sensors or the nitrogen oxide values can therefore be used to assess the reducing agent breakthrough.
- Slip indicators are determined on the basis of the two nitrogen oxide values, namely using two different reducing agent slip models.
- Slip indicators are status indicators which indicate whether the respective reducing agent slip model detects reducing agent slip or not. If the respective slip indicator has a first value, the respective reducing agent slip model assumes that there is no reducing agent slip. However, with the second status, the respective reducing agent slip model assumes that there is reducing agent slip.
- two slip indicators are determined on the basis of the two nitrogen oxide values, namely the first slip indicator and the second slip indicator. This is done using different reducing agent slip models, namely the first reducing agent slip model and the second reducing agent slip model.
- the slip indicators each have either the first value or the second value; intermediate values are not provided.
- the two reducing agent slip models determine the respective slip indicator independently of each other, so that an evaluation of the slip indicators is subsequently necessary to determine whether reducing agent slip actually exists or not. This should be as robust as possible and enable a reliable assessment of whether reducing agent slip exists.
- the total slip indicator is determined, which ultimately indicates whether or not the reducing agent slip is present.
- the total slip indicator can also assume the first status and the second status, in particular only the first status and the second status. This means that the first slip indicator, the second slip indicator and the total slip indicator each temporarily correspond to the first status and each temporarily to the second status.
- the total slip indicator is initially set to the second status, at least for the first time period. In the case of the first status, no reducing agent slip is detected, so according to the models there is no reducing agent slip. In the case of the second status, however, reducing agent slip is detected. If the status of the other slip indicator does not change by the end of the first time period, the total slip indicator is reset to the first status. If, however, the other slip indicator also changes to the second status, the total slip indicator remains in the second status and is therefore not reset.
- the first time period is, for example, at least 0.1 s, at least 0.5 s or at least 1 s.
- the overall slip indicator is only set to the first value after the second time period has elapsed.
- the other slip indicator also changes from the second status to the first status, in particular before the second time period has elapsed, the overall slip indicator is immediately set to the first value, i.e. before the second time period has elapsed.
- the second time period can correspond to the first time period.
- the total slip indicator is set from the second value to the first value as soon as at least one of two conditions is met.
- the status of the slip indicator changes from the second status to the first status, whereas the other slip indicator remains in the second status, but the second time period has already passed since the status change of the slip indicator.
- the status of both the first slip indicator and the second slip indicator changes from the second status to the first status.
- the total slip indicator is set from the second value to the first value, regardless of the second time period.
- the described procedure ensures reliable detection of the reducing agent slip, since the overall slip indicator does not only depend on one reducing agent slip model, but two reducing agent slip models are included in it, and moreover, not only a simple OR connection is made between the two slip indicators.
- the first reducing agent slip model has a frequency model and/or a correlation model, wherein a frequency model concentration value is determined for the frequency model by means of a frequency analysis of the nitrogen oxide values, in particular using at least one recursive filter, and a first partial indicator is set to the first value when the frequency model concentration value falls below a first frequency model threshold value and to the second value when the frequency model concentration value exceeds a second frequency model threshold value, and/or wherein a correlation coefficient is determined from the nitrogen oxide values for the correlation model, wherein a second partial indicator is set to the first value when the frequency model concentration value falls below a first correlation model threshold value by a distance of the correlation coefficient from a target value corresponding to a match of the nitrogen oxide values and to the second value when the correlation model threshold value is exceeded by the distance of the correlation coefficient from the target value, and/or wherein the first slip indicator is set to the second value when the first partial indicator corresponds to the second value and/or the second partial indicator corresponds to the second value and when the
- the first reducing agent slip model therefore contains at least one submodel or several submodels, namely the frequency model and the correlation model.
- the frequency analysis of the nitrogen oxide values is carried out for the frequency model.
- the frequency analysis is implemented, for example, as a Fourier analysis, in particular using a discrete Fourier transformation or a fast Fourier transformation (FFT).
- FFT fast Fourier transformation
- the recursive filter is also used, i.e. a filter whose output values are also used as input values. In other words, an output of the recursive filter is connected to an input of the recursive filter.
- the recursive filter has certain filter parameters.
- the frequency model concentration value is determined, which represents a reducing agent concentration downstream of the Vehicle catalyst.
- the frequency model concentration value is determined from the low-pass filtered first nitrogen oxide value, the low-pass filtered second nitrogen oxide value, the high-pass filtered first nitrogen oxide value and the high-pass filtered second nitrogen oxide value.
- TP stands for low-pass filtering, HP for high-pass filtering;
- NOxlIS is the first nitrogen oxide value, NOxDS the second nitrogen oxide value.
- Values of the respective measured value that are temporarily stored in a buffer memory are preferably used for filtering.
- the low-pass filtered first nitrogen oxide value describes both the reducing agent concentration and the nitrogen oxide concentration downstream of the vehicle catalyst.
- the ratio of the high-pass filtered second nitrogen oxide value and the high-pass filtered first nitrogen oxide value corresponds to a conversion ratio for the nitrogen oxide in the vehicle catalyst.
- the low-pass filtered first nitrogen oxide value in turn describes the nitrogen oxide concentration of the exhaust gas upstream of the vehicle catalyst.
- HP NOxUS describes the nitrogen oxide concentration downstream of the vehicle's catalytic converter.
- the nitrogen oxide concentration calculated using this term is also referred to as the model nitrogen oxide concentration; the term itself is used in the context of a nitrogen oxide concentration model.
- the first sub-indicator is set to the first value. If, however, the frequency model concentration value is larger than the second frequency model threshold value, the first sub-indicator is set to the second value.
- the first frequency model threshold value and the second frequency model threshold value can be identical. However, they are preferably different from one another in order to achieve a hysteresis-like behavior of the frequency model.
- the correlation coefficient is determined, which describes the degree of agreement between the nitrogen oxide values.
- the correlation coefficient is, for example, the empirical correlation coefficient, which is calculated according to the relationship is determined.
- x is the first nitrogen oxide value
- y is the second nitrogen oxide value.
- the correlation coefficient is determined using values temporarily stored in the buffer memory or buffer memories.
- a separate buffer memory for each of the nitrogen oxide values i.e. a first buffer memory for the first nitrogen oxide value and a second buffer memory for the second nitrogen oxide value.
- the last values of the nitrogen oxide values are stored in the buffer memories, preferably in the manner of a FIFO buffer memory.
- the size n indicates the number of values from the buffer memory for which the calculation is carried out. It can correspond at most to the number of values stored in the buffer memory.
- the index i is the specific value from the buffer memory that is used for the calculation.
- the mean values are calculated based on the nitrogen oxide values temporarily stored in the buffer memory. Preferably, in determining the mean values, whereby the nitrogen oxide values temporarily stored in the buffer memories are used.
- the distance of the correlation coefficient to the target value is checked within the framework of the correlation model.
- the target value is in particular equal to 1 . If the distance of the correlation coefficient from the target value is smaller than the first correlation model threshold value, the second sub-indicator is set to the first value. If, however, it is larger than the second correlation model threshold value, the second sub-indicator is set to the second value.
- the first correlation model threshold value and the second correlation model threshold value can in turn be identical. However, they are preferably different from one another in order to achieve the hysteresis-like behavior.
- the first reducing agent slip model only contains the frequency model or the correlation model.
- the first slip indicator is set to be equal to the first sub-indicator or the second sub-indicator. If, on the other hand, both the frequency model and the correlation model are used, both sub-indicators are included in the first slip indicator and are linked accordingly.
- the first slip indicator is set to the second value if only one of the two sub-indicators has the second value. Conversely, the first slip indicator is only set to the first value if both sub-indicators have the first value.
- the first slip indicator is only set to the second value if both sub-indicators have the second value. In this case, the first slip indicator is set to the first value if only one of the two sub-indicators has this value.
- the frequency model, the correlation model or both the frequency model and the correlation model and the linking Their results enable a particularly good forecast quality to be achieved. Accordingly, the first slip indicator is highly accurate.
- a further development of the invention provides that the first slip indicator is also set to the second value if a second nitrogen oxide concentration determined from the second nitrogen oxide value is greater than a first nitrogen oxide concentration determined from the first nitrogen oxide value and the second nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than a model nitrogen oxide concentration calculated using a nitrogen oxide concentration model from the first nitrogen oxide value and the second nitrogen oxide value, and/or if the second nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the first nitrogen oxide concentration during overrun operation of the drive device.
- the first slip indicator therefore depends on other variables than the first reducing agent slip model or the frequency model and/or the correlation model.
- the nitrogen oxide concentrations are determined from the two nitrogen oxide values, namely directly from the nitrogen oxide values and without taking into account any cross-influences from any reducing agent contained in the exhaust gas.
- the model nitrogen oxide concentration is then calculated from the nitrogen oxide value, namely in accordance with the previous statements. If both the second nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the first nitrogen oxide concentration and the second nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the model nitrogen oxide concentration, it is assumed that the second nitrogen oxide value is influenced by the reducing agent present downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter and that reducing agent slip is therefore present.
- the first slip indicator is also set to the second value if, on the one hand, the overrun mode of the drive system is detected and, at the same time, the second nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the first nitrogen oxide concentration.
- overrun mode means that the drive system or the drive unit is towed, i.e. is driven by the kinetic energy of the motor vehicle. This means that the drive device or drive unit provides no drive torque or only a low drive torque.
- overrun mode is determined by determining, in particular measuring, an oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas upstream of the vehicle catalyst. If the oxygen concentration is above a first oxygen concentration threshold value, overrun mode is detected; if it is less than a second oxygen concentration threshold value, overrun mode is not detected.
- the two oxygen concentration threshold values can again be identical, but are preferably different from one another to achieve a hysteresis-like behavior. The additional influence of the first slip indicator by one or both of the conditions mentioned further improves the quality of the detection of reducing agent slip.
- a further development of the invention provides that, for a first slip indicator corresponding to the second value, a first reducing agent mass flow is determined from at least one of the nitrogen oxide values and at least one state variable of the drive device, in particular an exhaust gas temperature, using a reducing agent mass flow model. If the first slip indicator has the second value, it can be assumed that reducing agent slip is present. In this case, the reducing agent mass flow should also be determined in order to determine the extent of the reducing agent slip. This is done using the reducing agent mass flow model, which has at least one of the nitrogen oxide values and at least one state variable of the drive device as input variables and the reducing agent mass flow as output variable.
- an intermediate value is calculated using the second measured value and the state variable, namely preferably using a mathematical relationship, a characteristic map or a table.
- the state variable is preferably the exhaust gas temperature.
- the reducing agent mass flow is set equal to the intermediate value.
- the intermediate value is first multiplied by a factor which results from subtracting the model nitrogen oxide concentration from the second nitrogen oxide concentration.
- the factor is equal to the second nitrogen oxide concentration minus the model nitrogen oxide concentration.
- a further development of the invention provides that, within the framework of the second reducing agent slip model, at least one of the nitrogen oxide values and at least one state variable of the drive device are used as input variables of a characteristic map, in particular filtered by means of a further recursive filter, from which a second reducing agent mass flow results as an output variable, wherein the second slip indicator is set to the first value when the second reducing agent mass flow falls below a first reducing agent slip model threshold value and to the second value when the second reducing agent mass flow exceeds a second reducing agent slip model threshold value.
- the second reducing agent slip model is map-based in this respect.
- the first nitrogen oxide value, the second nitrogen oxide value or both nitrogen oxide values and the at least one state variable serve as input variables for the map.
- the output variable, namely the second reducing agent mass flow is determined from the input variables using the map. If the second reducing agent mass flow is smaller than the first reducing agent slip model threshold value, the second slip indicator is set to the first value. If, however, the second reducing agent mass flow is larger than the second value, the second slip indicator is set to the second value.
- the first reducing agent slip model threshold value and the second reducing agent slip model threshold value can be identical. However, they are preferably different from one another in order to achieve a hysteresis-like behavior.
- both the first nitrogen oxide value and the second nitrogen oxide value are used as input variables for the characteristic map, with the first nitrogen oxide value being used directly and the second nitrogen oxide value in the form of a difference between the second nitrogen oxide value and the model nitrogen oxide concentration.
- the input variables are formed at least from the first nitrogen oxide value and the difference between the second nitrogen oxide value minus the model nitrogen oxide concentration.
- the at least one state variable is used as an input variable.
- the state variable is in particular a temperature, preferably an exhaust gas temperature.
- a temperature gradient in particular a temporal gradient of the exhaust gas temperature, can be used as an input variable.
- the exhaust gas mass flow is used as an input variable.
- at least one of the input variables is subjected to low-pass filtering, in particular recursive low-pass filtering. Filter parameters of the filtering preferably correspond to the filter parameters which have already been mentioned above.
- the published patent application DE 102020 111 204 A1 describes a method for operating a control device for a motor vehicle, wherein n-dimensional reference input vectors are each assigned a reference output vector, from which an output vector is determined for an n-dimensional input vector, wherein the following steps are carried out: a.
- the n-dimensional reference input vectors and the reference output vectors define the characteristic map or are stored in the characteristic map.
- the n-dimensional input vector is defined by the input variables, with each of the input variables representing a dimension of the input vector.
- the output vector contains the second reducing agent mass flow, so that the output vector is one-dimensional in the present case.
- the control unit of the published patent application DE 10 2020 111 204 A1 is part of the drive device and is used in particular to control the drive device or the drive unit. At least it determines the second reducing agent mass flow during operation of the drive device. Particularly preferably, the control unit also carries out the first reducing agent slip model and determines the total slip indicator from the two slip indicators.
- the procedure is preferably carried out in accordance with claim 1 of the published patent application DE 10 2020 111 204 A1, namely in accordance with the definitions already mentioned.
- the procedure can be further developed in accordance with one or more of claims 2 to 10 of the published patent application DE 10 2020 111 204 A1. Further advantageous developments of the procedure can be found in the description of the published patent application DE 10 2020 11 1 204 A1, which is fully incorporated by reference.
- the procedure described enables a particularly precise determination of the reducing agent mass flow and thus of the second slip indicator.
- a further development of the invention provides that a reducing agent concentration present downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter is measured by means of a reducing agent sensor and used to adapt the characteristic map.
- the reducing agent sensor is purely optional. If present, it is used to measure the reducing agent concentration downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter and thus to check the reducing agent slip models. It is particularly advantageously used to adapt the characteristic map of the second reducing agent slip model in order to improve its accuracy during operation of the drive device.
- the corresponding reducing agent mass flow is preferably determined from the reducing agent concentration, in particular using the exhaust gas mass flow.
- the reducing agent mass flow resulting from the reducing agent concentration is compared with the second reducing agent mass flow. If it deviates, in particular by more than a permissible tolerance, the reducing agent mass flow determined from the reducing agent concentration and the associated input variables are included in the characteristic map. This is particularly preferably done according to the procedure explained in the published patent application DE 10 2020 111 206 A1.
- Determining an individual error of the reference input vectors b. Buffering the reference input vector with the smallest individual error and removing this reference input vector from the reference input vectors; c. Calculating the output vector with the new reference input vector as the input vector; d. Determining the individual error from a difference between the output vector and the reference output vector associated with the new reference input vector; e. Adding the removed reference input vector to the reference input vectors; f. Replacing the reference input vector with the smallest individual error with the new reference input vector if the individual error of the new reference input vector is greater than the smallest individual error.
- the control unit preferably corresponds to the control unit mentioned above.
- the n-dimensional reference input vectors and the associated reference output vectors in turn define the characteristic map, the input vector is composed of the input variables and the output vector contains the second reducing agent mass flow.
- the adaptation of the characteristic map is preferably carried out according to patent claim 1 of the published patent application DE 10 2020 111 206 A1.
- the procedure can be further developed according to one or more of the patent claims 2 to 10 of the published patent application DE 10 2020 111 206 A1. Additional advantageous further developments are described in the description of the published patent application DE 10 2020 111 206 A1 and can be used optionally as a supplement to further develop the described method.
- the content of the published patent application DE 102020 111 206 A1 is hereby fully incorporated by reference into the present description.
- the procedure described serves to improve the characteristic map directly during operation of the vehicle; it is therefore not necessary to temporarily store values or optimize the characteristic map after operation. Rather, the computing power of the control unit is completely sufficient to both determine the second reducing agent mass flow and adapt the characteristic map.
- a development of the invention provides that one of the following operating modes is used: a. a first operating mode if at least one of the nitrogen oxide values is outside a predetermined value range and/or a number of values temporarily stored in a buffer memory for at least one of the nitrogen oxide values is less than a predetermined minimum number; b.
- a second operating mode if 1) the second nitrogen oxide value is within a tolerance range of the model nitrogen oxide concentration and the first nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the second nitrogen oxide concentration, and/or 2) the second nitrogen oxide value is less than a threshold value, and/or thirdly the nitrogen oxide value is greater than the threshold value and unsteady and the distance of the correlation coefficient determined from the nitrogen oxide values from the target value, in particular taking into account a hysteresis, is less than a correlation threshold value; and/or c.
- a third operating mode if 1) the first nitrogen oxide value is non-stationary and the distance of the correlation coefficient determined from the nitrogen oxide values from the target value, in particular taking into account the hysteresis, is smaller than the correlation threshold value, and/or 2) the second nitrogen oxide concentration determined from the second nitrogen oxide value is greater than the the first nitrogen oxide concentration determined from the first nitrogen oxide value and the second nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the model nitrogen oxide concentration calculated from the first nitrogen oxide value and the second nitrogen oxide value using the nitrogen oxide concentration model, and/or 3) the propulsion device is in overrun mode and the second nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the first nitrogen oxide concentration; d. a fourth operating mode if the first nitrogen oxide value is stationary.
- the drive device is operated in one of the named operating modes, preferably always in exactly one of the named operating modes.
- the operating mode to be used is determined and subsequently used to operate the drive device until the condition or conditions for another of the operating modes are met.
- the fourth operating mode is a fallback operating mode which is used if none of the named conditions for the operating modes are met.
- the respective operating mode is used to operate the drive device provided that at least one of the conditions named for it is met. It is therefore not necessary that several or even all of the conditions for the respective operating mode are met. Of course, however, it can also be provided that several of the respective conditions must be met for the corresponding operating mode to be used.
- the first operating mode is used if one of the nitrogen oxide values is outside the specified value range. This indicates an incorrect measurement, which cannot be used to reliably assess the reducing agent slip.
- the value range is set in such a way that the nitrogen oxide values that occur during normal operation of the drive system are within the value range.
- the first operating mode is used if a sufficient number of nitrogen oxide values are not stored in the buffer memory.
- the buffer memory is used to temporarily store the nitrogen oxide values; in particular, there is a separate buffer memory for each of the nitrogen oxide values. The first nitrogen oxide values are therefore temporarily stored in a first buffer memory and the second nitrogen oxide values in a second buffer memory.
- the buffer memory is preferably a FIFO buffer memory in which the last measured values of the respective measured value are stored.
- the buffer memory is used in particular to calculate the average value for the respective nitrogen oxide values and for filtering and/or frequency analysis. If there are not enough values in the buffer memory, a meaningful evaluation of the first reducing agent slip model and/or the second reducing agent slip model is not possible.
- the second operating mode is used if the second nitrogen oxide value is within the tolerance range of the model nitrogen oxide concentration and at the same time the first nitrogen oxide concentration is greater than the second nitrogen oxide concentration. In this case, it is assumed that the nitrogen oxide values are caused by the nitrogen oxide alone and that no reducing agent can be present downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter. Additionally or alternatively, the second operating mode is used if the second nitrogen oxide value is below the threshold value.
- the threshold value is selected such that if the second nitrogen oxide value falls below the threshold value, there is definitely no reducing agent present in the exhaust gas downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter.
- the second operating mode is used if the first nitrogen oxide value is greater than the threshold value and is simultaneously non-stationary.
- the distance of the correlation coefficient from the target value must be smaller than the correlation threshold value.
- Whether the first nitrogen oxide value is stationary or non-stationary is preferably assessed based on the buffer memory for the first nitrogen oxide value. If the values stored in the buffer memory for the first nitrogen oxide value deviate sufficiently significantly from an average of the values, it is assumed that the first nitrogen oxide value is sufficiently non-stationary.
- the third operating mode is used when one or more of the above conditions apply. In the third operating mode, the reducing agent slip can be determined particularly well using the reducing agent slip models.
- the fourth operating mode is used if the first nitrogen oxide value is sufficiently stationary. In this case, it is usually not possible to make a meaningful evaluation of the reducing agent slip using the reducing agent slip models.
- the procedure described can significantly improve the accuracy of determining the reducing agent slip.
- a further development of the invention provides that when using the first operating mode, the total slip indicator is continuously calculated with frozen nitrogen oxide values and the total slip indicator is frozen; and/or when using the second operating mode, the total slip indicator is set to the first value and held, and/or an adaptation of the nitrogen oxide concentration model is carried out based on a difference between the second nitrogen oxide value and the model nitrogen oxide concentration; and/or when using the third operating mode, the total slip indicator is determined from the first slip indicator and the second slip indicator using the current nitrogen oxide values; and/or when using the fourth operating mode, the determination of the total slip indicator is suspended until a minimum number of different values have been recorded for at least one of the nitrogen oxide values.
- the current nitrogen oxide values in particular those of the nitrogen oxide sensors, are not used to carry out the reducing agent slip models, but rather values that were present immediately before the first operating mode was initiated. Accordingly, in the first operating mode, the total slip indicator is also frozen at the level it used immediately before the first operating mode was initiated. Since no meaningful statement can be made about the actual total slip indicator, it is assumed that the value of the total slip indicator existing before the initiation of the first operating mode continues to apply.
- the nitrogen oxide concentration model is adapted or its accuracy improved. For this purpose, the difference between the second nitrogen oxide value and the model nitrogen oxide concentration is determined. From the difference, a correction factor for the nitrogen oxide concentration model or the model nitrogen oxide concentration determined using the nitrogen oxide concentration model is then determined and subsequently used to determine the model nitrogen oxide concentration. In the second operating mode, it is assumed that there is no reducing agent slip, i.e. that the second nitrogen oxide value is due solely to the nitrogen oxide. The difference or the correction factor is preferably filtered in order to avoid the nitrogen oxide concentration model being influenced by measurement errors.
- the procedure is as described. First, the two slip indicators are determined and from these, the total slip indicator is then calculated.
- the determination of the total slip indicator is suspended and consequently frozen at its value immediately before the fourth operating mode is initiated. This continues until it is recognized that the nitrogen oxide value is again non-stationary, i.e. there is a sufficient number of different values for the respective nitrogen oxide value. The procedure described again serves to improve the quality of the total slip indicator.
- a further development of the invention provides that an error signal is generated when the total slip indicator corresponds to the second value.
- the total slip indicator shows that reducing agent slip is present, i.e. reducing agent is passing through the vehicle catalytic converter.
- the error signal is generated accordingly. For example, if the error signal occurs, this is indicated to a driver of the motor vehicle, in particular visually and/or acoustically.
- it can be provided to adapt an operating parameter of the drive device in such a way that the reducing agent slip is reduced, for example by reducing a rated power, a rated torque or the like. This prevents an impermissibly high amount of reducing agent from entering the outside environment.
- the invention further relates to a drive device, preferably for a motor vehicle, in particular for carrying out the method according to the statements in the context of this description, wherein the drive device has a drive unit that generates exhaust gas and at least one vehicle catalyst designed as an SCR catalyst for aftertreatment of the exhaust gas, wherein a reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas at least temporarily upstream of the vehicle catalyst.
- the drive device has a drive unit that generates exhaust gas and at least one vehicle catalyst designed as an SCR catalyst for aftertreatment of the exhaust gas, wherein a reducing agent is added to the exhaust gas at least temporarily upstream of the vehicle catalyst.
- the drive device is provided and designed to determine, in particular by means of a first nitrogen oxide sensor, a first nitrogen oxide value describing the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas upstream of the vehicle catalyst and, in particular by means of a second nitrogen oxide sensor, a second nitrogen oxide value describing the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas downstream of the vehicle catalyst and, at least temporarily, to determine a first slip indicator using a first reducing agent slip model and a second slip indicator using a second reducing agent slip model based on the nitrogen oxide values, wherein a total slip indicator is determined from the first slip indicator and the second slip indicator.
- the total slip indicator is changed when the status of one of the slip indicators changes from a first status corresponding to no reducing agent slip to a reducing agent slip corresponding second status is set to the second status over a certain first period of time and is reset to the first status if the status of the other of the slip indicators has not changed by the end of the first period of time, and/or if the status of one of the slip indicators changes from the second status to the first status and the other of the slip indicators remains the same, it is only set to the first value after a certain second period of time has elapsed and if the status of the other slip indicator changes before the end of the second period of time.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a drive device, preferably for a motor vehicle.
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a drive device 1, preferably for a motor vehicle.
- the drive device 1 has a drive unit (not shown here) which, during operation, generates exhaust gas which is discharged via an exhaust line 2 in the direction of an external environment of the drive device 1.
- an exhaust gas aftertreatment device 3 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown here, has at least one vehicle catalyst 4 designed as an SCR catalyst and an - optional - further vehicle catalyst 5.
- first nitrogen oxide sensor 6 Upstream of the vehicle catalytic converter 4 there is a first nitrogen oxide sensor 6 and downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter 4 there is a second nitrogen oxide sensor 7.
- the first nitrogen oxide sensor 6 is used to measure a first nitrogen oxide value describing the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas upstream of the vehicle catalytic converter 4 and a second nitrogen oxide value describing the nitrogen oxide content of the exhaust gas downstream of the vehicle catalytic converter 4 is used to measure a second nitrogen oxide value.
- the first nitrogen oxide sensor 6 can be omitted. In this case the first nitrogen oxide value is determined using a model.
- the first nitrogen oxide sensor 6 is arranged fluidically between the vehicle catalytic converter 4 and the further black catalyst 5.
- an introduction point 8 at which a reducing agent can be introduced into the exhaust gas by means of an injector 9, namely upstream of the vehicle catalytic converter 4.
- the two nitrogen oxide values are fed to a first reducing agent slip model 10, which contains a frequency model 11 and a correlation model 12.
- a partial indicator is determined using each of these models 11 and 12, namely a first partial indicator using the frequency model 11 and a second partial indicator using the correlation model 12.
- the two partial indicators are fed to a computing device 13, which combines them into a first slip indicator.
- the computing device 13 takes Preferably, a plausibility check of the first slip indicator is additionally carried out using the first measured value, the second measured value and a nitrogen oxide value of a reducing agent sensor 14.
- the first slip indicator is then fed to a further computing device 15, as is at least one state variable, for example an exhaust gas temperature.
- the second nitrogen oxide value and/or the nitrogen oxide value of the reducing agent sensor 14 can be fed to the further computing device.
- the further computing device 15 calculates a first reducing agent mass flow from at least one of the nitrogen oxide values of the nitrogen oxide sensors 6 and 7 and the at least one state variable, namely using a reducing agent mass flow model.
- the further computing device 15 transmits both the first slip indicator and the first reducing agent mass flow to an evaluation device 16.
- the drive device 1 has a second reducing agent slip model 17.
- Several state variables are fed to this at an input 18, in particular the first nitrogen oxide value, an exhaust gas temperature, an exhaust gas temperature gradient, an exhaust gas mass flow and a difference between the second sensor value and a model nitrogen oxide concentration.
- the input variables 18 are filtered by means of a low-pass filter 19, on which certain filter parameters 20 are set.
- the low-pass filtered input variables are fed to a calculation unit 21, which determines a second reducing agent mass flow from the input variables using a characteristic map 22. This is transmitted to a calculation unit 23, which determines a second slip indicator from the second reducing agent mass flow.
- the second slip indicator and the second reducing agent mass flow are transmitted to the evaluation device 16.
- a calculation unit 25 uses the measured value of the reducing agent sensor 14 and the low-pass filtered input variable, an adaptation of the characteristic map 22 is carried out so that the data stored therein is optimized.
- the evaluation device 16 determines a total slip indicator from the first slip indicator and the second slip indicator and provides this at an output. For example, if the total slip indicator corresponds to a certain value, an error signal is generated.
- the described design of the drive device 1 or the method explained serves to determine the total slip indicator extremely precisely. Accordingly, it is determined with good accuracy whether or not reducing agent slip occurs through the vehicle catalyst 4.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022213338.2A DE102022213338B4 (de) | 2022-12-09 | 2022-12-09 | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebseinrichtung sowie entsprechende Antriebseinrichtung |
| PCT/EP2023/083973 WO2024121002A1 (de) | 2022-12-09 | 2023-12-01 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer antriebseinrichtung sowie entsprechende antriebseinrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4630667A1 true EP4630667A1 (de) | 2025-10-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23817424.7A Pending EP4630667A1 (de) | 2022-12-09 | 2023-12-01 | Verfahren zum betreiben einer antriebseinrichtung sowie entsprechende antriebseinrichtung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4630667A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120322612A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022213338B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024121002A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005031720B4 (de) | 2005-07-07 | 2020-06-18 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zur Dosierung eines Reduktionsmittels |
| DE602007005125D1 (de) * | 2007-07-31 | 2010-04-15 | Delphi Tech Inc | r katalytischen Reduktion |
| US7858060B2 (en) | 2008-07-30 | 2010-12-28 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc | Current storage estimation for selective catalytic reduction catalysts |
| US8596042B2 (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2013-12-03 | Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | System and method for selective catalytic reduction control |
| JP5627367B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-22 | 2014-11-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 排気浄化装置及び排気浄化装置の制御方法 |
| DE102011008380B3 (de) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-01-26 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Abgaskatalysatorsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Abgaskatalysators |
| DE102012211705A1 (de) * | 2012-07-05 | 2014-01-09 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zur Überprüfung eines Stickoxidsensors |
| DE102016209533A1 (de) | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Erfassen des Alterungszustands eines SCR-Katalysators |
| DE102017124080A1 (de) | 2016-10-25 | 2017-11-30 | FEV Europe GmbH | Verfahren zur Regelung einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
| US10240506B2 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2019-03-26 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Estimating nitrogen oxide values for vehicles |
| DE102020111206B4 (de) | 2020-04-24 | 2024-12-05 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Antriebseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie entsprechende Antriebseinrichtung |
| DE102020111208A1 (de) | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Steuergeräteanordnung sowie entsprechende Steuergeräteanordnung |
| DE102020111204B4 (de) | 2020-04-24 | 2024-09-26 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Steuergeräts für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie entsprechendes Steuergerät |
-
2022
- 2022-12-09 DE DE102022213338.2A patent/DE102022213338B4/de active Active
-
2023
- 2023-12-01 WO PCT/EP2023/083973 patent/WO2024121002A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-12-01 EP EP23817424.7A patent/EP4630667A1/de active Pending
- 2023-12-01 CN CN202380084219.1A patent/CN120322612A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102022213338A1 (de) | 2024-06-20 |
| DE102022213338B4 (de) | 2024-10-02 |
| WO2024121002A1 (de) | 2024-06-13 |
| CN120322612A (zh) | 2025-07-15 |
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