EP4608660A1 - Verfahren zur regelung des sekundärkreislaufs einer wärmepumpe - Google Patents
Verfahren zur regelung des sekundärkreislaufs einer wärmepumpeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4608660A1 EP4608660A1 EP24700731.3A EP24700731A EP4608660A1 EP 4608660 A1 EP4608660 A1 EP 4608660A1 EP 24700731 A EP24700731 A EP 24700731A EP 4608660 A1 EP4608660 A1 EP 4608660A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coolant
- temperature
- heat exchanger
- heat
- air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant
- B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant other than from cooling liquid of the plant the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
- B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
- B60H1/00885—Controlling the flow of heating or cooling liquid, e.g. valves or pumps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling the secondary circuit of a heat pump with a coolant circuit in which a coolant circulates, in which in a first step the coolant absorbs heat from the environment with the aid of an air-coolant heat exchanger through which the ambient air and the coolant flow, and the coolant is passed on to an electronic component or unit at the set temperature.
- the temperature of the coolant can be measured after the air-coolant heat exchanger and, in another version, also after the refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger.
- a second step heat from at least one component is absorbed by the coolant and the coolant is then passed on to the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger
- a third step heat is extracted from the coolant by the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger and fed to a consumer, and the coolant cooled in the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger is passed back to the air-coolant heat exchanger at the coolant temperature set by the control system.
- the heat required to heat the vehicle cabin is obtained from various energy sources.
- the air in the vehicle cabin can be heated using electrical energy from the battery, but this reduces the energy available for the drive and the range of movement.
- the extraction of heat from thermal energy sources that have an unsuitable temperature level for heating the vehicle cabin requires heat pumps to adjust the temperature level. Heat pumps can, for example, extract heat from the ambient air and absorb the heat lost by components in the vehicle. and pass it on to the vehicle cabin.
- WO 2010/001116 A2 relates to a Kontra II system for a heat exchanger with means for determining a dew point.
- the heat exchanger is part of a room heating system.
- the control system determines the dew point temperature of the room air and controls an air heat pump used for the climate in the room so that, depending on the respective climate conditions in the room, no condensation of the room air occurs.
- One aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling the secondary circuit of a heat pump in which a coolant circulates.
- the coolant reaches the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger at any flow temperature and is heated to the target temperature cooled, the heat from the coolant is conducted by the heat pump to consumers, e.g.: vehicle interior, battery, heat storage.
- consumers e.g.: vehicle interior, battery, heat storage.
- the temperature in front of the air-coolant heat exchanger is monitored by a control system and kept within the component limits by means of control interventions.
- heat is transferred from the environment to the coolant via the air-coolant heat exchanger.
- the air-coolant heat exchanger absorbs heat from the ambient air and transfers it to the coolant, thereby increasing the temperature of the coolant to the target temperature.
- the air-coolant heat exchanger can have a device such as a fan that sucks in ambient air and directs it into or through the air-coolant heat exchanger.
- An adjustable radiator cover can also influence the air flow.
- the coolant is then directed to an electrical or electronic component or unit via a first line section.
- the temperature of the coolant can be measured after the air-coolant heat exchanger before the component to be cooled. The measured temperature is transmitted to the computer or the control system. If several components are cooled one after the other by the coolant, the temperature of the coolant can be measured by a sensor before each of the components. In addition, the temperature of the coolant can be measured after the component or after the last component to be cooled.
- heat is released from the electrical or electronic component or unit into the coolant.
- the coolant is then conducted from the electrical or electronic component or unit to a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger via a second line section of the coolant circuit.
- a third process step heat is extracted from the coolant as it flows through the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger and fed to a consumer via the heat pump, the temperature of the coolant is cooled to the target temperature.
- the heat pump is a machine with a refrigerant circuit that absorbs thermal energy at a low temperature level at the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger and feeds it to a consumer at a higher temperature level.
- the heat exchange units mentioned are connected to each other via pipes.
- the individual pipe sections can include a flexible hose or be made of a flexible hose that is adapted to the installation situation.
- the surfaces of the line sections enable an energy exchange with the ambient air, in which heat from the ambient air is supplied to the coolant flowing in the respective line section, so that, as an example for a line section, the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the air-coolant heat exchanger is higher than at the outlet of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger.
- the extent of the energy transfer can be influenced by the choice of hose material, so that one can speak of a fourth process step.
- a conveying device is integrated in the closed coolant circuit, which conveys the coolant through the coolant circuit.
- the conveying device can be a conveying pump.
- the conveying pump can be arranged in particular in the second line section, which connects the at least one electrical or electronic component or unit to the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger.
- the pump ensures a sufficient coolant mass flow in the coolant circuit.
- the pump can be an adjustable conveying pump, so that the coolant mass flow or the flow rate of the coolant in the coolant circuit can be adjusted by, for example, the regulation or control.
- the at least one electrical or electronic unit is a traction component of an electrically driven vehicle, such as an electric motor, a DC/DC converter, a DC/AC converter, a battery arrangement or a component of the battery arrangement for operating the electric drive motor for the vehicle.
- an electrically driven vehicle such as an electric motor, a DC/DC converter, a DC/AC converter, a battery arrangement or a component of the battery arrangement for operating the electric drive motor for the vehicle.
- the heat obtained in the third process step by the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger is used in a design for tempering a passenger compartment of a battery-electric vehicle.
- the heat extracted from the coolant by the coolant of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger can be used to heat the passenger compartment, whereby the heating temperature can be set by an occupant of the vehicle.
- the heat can be used to temper the battery or to charge a heat storage device.
- the temperature in the vicinity of the air-coolant heat exchanger is measured with a first sensor and the air humidity in the vicinity of the air-coolant heat exchanger is measured with a second sensor.
- the measured values from the sensors are transmitted to the computer as signals.
- the computer determines the target temperature on the basis of these values and the stored characteristics of the components.
- the value of the target temperature is transmitted to the controller.
- the temperature in the first line section is measured with a sensor and the temperature in the third line section is measured with a sensor and transmitted to a controller.
- the first sensor and the second sensor can be combined in an intelligent sensor, which uses the air humidity and ambient temperature to directly determine the dew point temperature of the ambient temperature and transmits this to the computer.
- the control system regulates the heat absorption in the first process step and/or the third process step by adjusting the heat pump, the coolant pump, the radiator cover and the fan in such a way that the heat absorption in the first process step and/or the third process step is maximized by specified target temperatures in the circuit.
- the target temperature of the coolant can be set so that the temperature of the coolant does not fall below the dew point temperature of the ambient air.
- the third line section is exposed to the ambient air, so that the third line section forms a further heat exchanger with the environment, in which the temperature of the coolant is changed by the ambient air.
- One aspect relates to a heat pump, wherein the heat pump is used to extract heat from at least one electrical or electronic component or unit of an electrically powered vehicle and to control the temperature of a consumer of the vehicle.
- the heat pump comprises a secondary coolant circuit, wherein the coolant circuit comprises an air-coolant heat exchanger with a device that draws in ambient air and through the heat exchanger and a device that controls the air flow through the air-coolant heat exchanger, a pump that controls the coolant mass flow and a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger and connecting lines.
- the coolant circuit also contains an electrical or electronic component or unit and temperature sensors.
- first sensor that measures the ambient air temperature
- second sensor that measures the humidity of the ambient air
- computer uses the sensor data and the stored characteristics of the electrical or electronic components or units to determine the target temperatures. These target temperatures are sent to the control system and serve as a control variable so that the temperature of the coolant is subsequently regulated using the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger and the heat pump so that the calculated target temperatures are at least largely maintained.
- the electrical or electronic component or unit through which the coolant flows comprises a cooling structure through which the coolant flows.
- the cooling structure can be a cooling plate to which, for example, batteries and/or components of a battery arrangement are connected, a cooling housing for, for example, a motor or motor parts, with channels through which the coolant flows.
- the coolant can also be sprayed directly in a motor housing, for example onto the winding heads of an electric machine or the electrically driven motor.
- the component can in particular be a traction component, such as the electric motor, a battery arrangement, a DC/DC converter or a DC/AC converter.
- the coolant circuit further comprises a further temperature sensor that sends the temperature of the coolant in the coolant circuit upstream of the air-coolant heat exchanger to the controller.
- the controller adjusts the performance of the Heat pump or the temperature of the refrigerant in the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger when the temperature falls below or exceeds a specified target value.
- the limit is determined by the electrical or electronic component or unit, with the most sensitive component in the chain defining the temperature limits.
- the target temperatures are set to the same as the dew point temperature of the ambient air, this prevents the humidity in the ambient air from condensing on the components in the coolant circuit and the condensate from freezing at certain temperatures.
- Both the condensate and the ice can damage or destroy components, for example by corroding them or causing mechanical damage when ice forms.
- the line or line sections of the coolant circuit can be insulated at least in sections.
- Individual, several or all line sections that connect the secondary circuit can be formed by a hose or can comprise a hose.
- each of the line sections can consist of a flexible hose that can be easily adapted to the installation environment.
- the hose can comprise a material that enables or facilitates heat transfer from the ambient air into the coolant via the surface of the hose. If ice forms on the outside at a water and/or ambient temperature below 0°C, the flexible hose can ensure, through its mobility, that the ice is at least partially blown off the surface while driving.
- the performance of the heat pump depends on a large temperature difference between the temperature of the coolant flowing through the air-coolant heat exchanger and the temperature of the air flowing through the heat exchanger. This means that the greater the temperature difference, the more power or energy can be transferred from the environment into the interior.
- One aspect relates to an electrically powered vehicle having a battery arrangement, wherein the battery arrangement provides the energy for the electric drive, wherein the vehicle comprises a heat pump with a secondary circuit as described in the preceding paragraphs.
- the determined target temperature at the air-coolant heat exchanger can be adjusted using the control system via the heat removal at the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger.
- the computer determines the target temperature values T4, T5 of the coolant from the values of the sensors and the stored characteristics of the components 500.
- the computer 230 transmits these target temperature values to a controller 240, which uses the received temperature value as a control variable in order to adjust the temperature of the coolant largely to the target temperatures by means of control interventions.
- the coolant is now fed to a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400 in which, in a third step III, the heat of the coolant is transferred to a refrigerant of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400 in a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400, so that the coolant, when flowing out of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger, has a temperature T1 that is lower than the temperature at the inlet to the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400.
- the heat obtained can be used to control the temperature of a consumer of the vehicle 100.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a heat pump WP with a secondary circuit SE with a target temperature control.
- the secondary circuit SE comprises an air-coolant heat exchanger 200, a heat exchanger WÜ, a pipe system, in the exemplary embodiment with the pipe sections L1, L2 and L3, a conveying device 300 for conveying the coolant in the coolant circuit, and a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400.
- the target temperatures T4, T5 are calculated by the computer 230 from the ambient temperature T3 and the air humidity F1 as well as from the stored characteristics of the components 500.
- the target temperatures T4, T5 are transmitted to a controller 240.
- the secondary circuit of the heat pump WP comprises a sensor 210 that measures a temperature of the ambient air 700 and a sensor 220 that measures the humidity of the ambient air 700.
- the sensors 210, 220 transmit the measured values for the temperature and humidity of the ambient air 700 to a computer 230.
- the computer 230 determines the target temperature T4 for T1 and the target temperature T5 for T2 from the stored characteristic data of the components 500 and transmits the result to a controller 240.
- the controller 240 uses the target temperatures T4, T5 as a control variable in order to set the coolant temperature T1, T2 close to the target temperatures via control lines S1, S2, S3 and S4.
- the coolant at the temperature T2, which at least largely corresponds to the target temperature T5, is conducted to a heat exchanger WÜ via the first line section L1.
- a sensor 260 is arranged in the first line section L1, which measures the temperature of the coolant after the air-coolant heat exchanger 200 and sends the result to the controller 240 so that the controller 240 can determine whether the temperature in the first line section L1 at least substantially corresponds to the target temperature T5.
- the heat exchanger WÜ comprises, for example, a cooling plate 530 for a component 500 or a cooling housing of a component 500.
- the component 500 is, for example, an electrical or electronic component or unit 500 for driving an electric vehicle 100 ( Figure 3) that generates heat during operation.
- the heat of the component 500 is used by this method by means of a heat exchanger 610 to control the temperature of a consumer 600, such as the passenger compartment.
- the component 500 can be, for example, an electric motor 510, a battery arrangement 520, a DC/DC converter 550 or a DC/AC converter.
- the coolant has a temperature when flowing through the heat exchanger WÜ that is within the temperature limits of the component 500, which at least essentially corresponds to the calculated target temperature T2, the component is protected from impermissible thermal stress.
- the component 500 exposed to the ambient air 700 may experience no or maximum permissible condensation or icing, which protects the component 500 from damage and destruction by water or ice.
- the coolant absorbs at least some of the heat from the component 500 and dissipates it.
- the coolant is heated to a temperature greater than the inlet temperature T2.
- the coolant with the temperature greater than T2 is conducted in the second line section L2 through a conveying device 300 to a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400.
- the conveying device 300 is an electrically driven conveying pump.
- the coolant can release energy into the ambient air 700. However, this energy loss can be minimized or completely avoided by thermally insulating the second line section L2 and the conveying device.
- the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400 is another heat exchanger in which energy from the coolant is transferred to a refrigerant circuit of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400.
- the heat pump WP absorbs heat from the coolant
- the coolant is transferred to heat exchangers and released at a higher temperature level, for example into a passenger compartment of the electric vehicle 100 ( Figure 3) or another consumer 600.
- the energy extracted from the coolant can be made available as heat to the passenger compartment or one or more other consumers 600 on request using known methods.
- the third line section L3 can act as an additional heat exchanger in which energy from the ambient air 700 is transferred into the coolant. If this is the case, the coolant at the inlet to the air-coolant heat exchanger 200 has a temperature that is higher than the temperature at the outlet of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400.
- FIG 3 shows a sketch of an electric vehicle 100 with a driven rear wheel HR and two front wheels VR and with an electric motor 510 and a battery arrangement 520 that provides the energy to drive the electric motor 510.
- the battery arrangement is arranged on a cooling plate 530 in which cooling channels 540 are formed through which a coolant flows, which dissipates heat from the battery arrangement 520. The coolant can then be passed through the electric motor 510 to cool it.
- the air-coolant heat exchanger 200 is a heat exchanger through which the coolant of the coolant circuit and the ambient air 700 ( Figure 2) flow.
- a device 250 is arranged at the air inlet in the air-coolant heat exchanger 200, which sucks in the ambient air 700 and conveys it into the air-coolant heat exchanger 200 and an adjustable radiator cover 251 is arranged. The aim is to supply the coolant with the maximum possible heat without placing an unacceptable thermal load on the components.
- the target temperature T4, T5 is calculated on the basis of the sensors 210 and 220 and the stored characteristics of the components 500 in the computer 230.
- the computer 230 determines the target temperatures T4, T5 and forwards the result to a controller 240.
- the controller 240 sets the target temperatures T4, T5 to T1 and T2 respectively via adjustments to the device 250, 251 and 300 and the heat pump WP, so that the heat absorption in process step III is maximum.
- the coolant is conducted via the first line section L1 to the electrical or electronic component or unit 500 and/or the cooling plate 530 of the battery arrangement at the target temperature T5 calculated by the computer 230. Since the coolant has a temperature that at least essentially corresponds to the target temperature T5 when flowing through the cooling plate 530, no impermissible thermal stress can occur on the component 500. For example, no condensate formation or icing occurs on the battery arrangement 520 exposed to the ambient air 700, or only the maximum permissible amount.
- the coolant absorbs at least some of the heat from the battery arrangement 520 and dissipates it.
- the coolant is heated to a temperature greater than T2. From the battery arrangement 520, the coolant at this temperature is conducted in the line section L2 through a conveyor device 300 to a coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400.
- the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400 is another heat exchanger in which
- the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400 is connected, for example, via the heat pump WP to a passenger compartment of the electric vehicle 100 (or another consumer).
- the energy extracted from the coolant can be made available to the passenger compartment or other consumers 600 as heat on request using known methods.
- the coolant flows out of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400 at a temperature T1 and is conducted to the air-refrigerant heat exchanger 200 via the third line section L3.
- the third line section L3 can be a hose connection with a flexible hose.
- the flexible hose allows the third line section L3 to be easily adapted to the installation situation in the electric vehicle 100.
- the flexible hose also has the advantage that if ice forms on the hose surface due to low ambient temperature or low refrigerant temperature, movements of the hose while the electric vehicle 100 is driving cause the ice to flake off and thus counteract the build-up of a thick layer of ice.
- the third line section L3 can act as an additional heat exchanger in which energy from the ambient air 700 is transferred into the coolant. If this is the case, the coolant at the inlet to the air-coolant heat exchanger 200 has a temperature T1 that is higher than the temperature at the outlet of the coolant-refrigerant heat exchanger 400.
- the computer product according to claim 13 is based on the task of calculating the required target temperatures T4, T5 from the data of the sensors 210, 220, 260 and 270 and the characteristics of the electrical and electronic components and units 500. It includes all calculation and analysis methods, algorithms and procedures that are required to regulate the secondary circuit of a heat pump according to the above-mentioned claims in order to maximize the heat absorption of the coolant, regardless of whether the calculations are carried out by a computer 230 and/or a controller 240 in the vehicle, e.g. by a microprocessor in a control unit in which the required data, parameters and algorithms are stored, or whether the calculations are carried out in central locations to which the vehicle data is transmitted by means of communication systems.
- Cooling plate Cooling structure
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023200636.7A DE102023200636A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 | 2023-01-26 | Verfahren zur Regelung des Sekundärkreislaufs einer Wärmepumpe |
| PCT/EP2024/050506 WO2024156511A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 | 2024-01-10 | Verfahren zur regelung des sekundärkreislaufs einer wärmepumpe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4608660A1 true EP4608660A1 (de) | 2025-09-03 |
Family
ID=89620707
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24700731.3A Pending EP4608660A1 (de) | 2023-01-26 | 2024-01-10 | Verfahren zur regelung des sekundärkreislaufs einer wärmepumpe |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4608660A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120076934A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023200636A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024156511A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102024203197A1 (de) * | 2024-04-09 | 2025-10-09 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Wärmepumpeneinrichtung und Verfahren zur Innenraumbeheizung eines Elektrofahrzeugs sowie Fahrzeug |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0812169D0 (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2008-08-13 | Lester Stephen | Water and room heater |
| US8997503B2 (en) * | 2010-01-15 | 2015-04-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Vehicle air-conditioning system and operation control method therefor |
| KR101903108B1 (ko) | 2016-12-29 | 2018-11-22 | 이래오토모티브시스템 주식회사 | 자동차용 히트펌프 |
| DE102017206327B4 (de) * | 2017-04-12 | 2023-10-05 | Hanon Systems | Wärmepumpensystem für ein Fahrzeug mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf zur Aufnahme bzw. Abgabe von Wärme |
| US12083856B2 (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2024-09-10 | Rivian Ip Holdings, Llc | Integrated thermal management system for a vehicle |
-
2023
- 2023-01-26 DE DE102023200636.7A patent/DE102023200636A1/de active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-01-10 WO PCT/EP2024/050506 patent/WO2024156511A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-01-10 CN CN202480004465.6A patent/CN120076934A/zh active Pending
- 2024-01-10 EP EP24700731.3A patent/EP4608660A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102023200636A1 (de) | 2024-08-01 |
| CN120076934A (zh) | 2025-05-30 |
| WO2024156511A1 (de) | 2024-08-02 |
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