EP4600440A1

EP4600440A1 - Fall arrest device

Info

Publication number: EP4600440A1
Application number: EP25155394.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Marco PESCIONI; Simone FIESOLI
Original assignee: Bieffepi Srl
Current assignee: Bieffepi Srl
Priority date: 2024-02-12
Filing date: 2025-01-31
Publication date: 2025-08-13
Also published as: IT202400002914A1

Abstract

Fall arrest device (1) for working on roofs of means of transport comprising a telescopic structure (2) equipped with a base (3), a landing platform (4) and a fall arrest rail (5); the telescopic structure (2) comprising a base portion (6) rigidly connected to the base (3) and a head portion (7) rigidly connected to the landing platform (4) and to the fall arrest rail (5); wherein the base portion (6) develops vertically with respect to the base (3) and the head portion (7) is slidably coupled to the base portion (3); where the landing platform (4) is arranged inside the head portion (7); wherein the head portion (7) comprises two vertical supports (8) placed side by side parallel to each other between which the landing platform (4) is arranged so that the landing platform (4) protrudes from the vertical supports (8) of the head portion (7) both frontally and rearward.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a safety device, specifically a device for safeguarding the life of a user in the event of an accidental fall from a work area at height, even more specifically a fall arrest safety device for the transport sector.

STATE OF THE ART

In the state of the art there are numerous solutions to prevent a worker from falling from a predetermined work height.
In particular, these solutions are designed for workers that operate at heights between 2 and 4 meters from the ground.
This height range includes work carried out on the roofs of trains, trucks and buses.
Among the known solutions there are a plurality of scaffolding, such as construction scaffolding, which allow the creation of fixed platforms capable of facilitating the operator's ascent and descent to and from the workplace at height.
There are also overhead cranes, which are structures capable of moving longitudinally on rails and vertically using winches.
These solutions are not transportable from one place to another and do not adapt to various operational contexts, but are built and adapted according to the work to be performed.
If a mass is supported at a certain height from the ground by a structure, it is known that the decentralization of the mass with respect to the footprint of the structure generates a torque that overturns the structure. For this reason, in traditional fall arrest devices, it is known to have very wide, or expandable, bases to discharge the aforementioned torque on the ground.
An example of this is known for a solution developed for aircraft and described in document US7828116B2 . This solution allows to reach the work area, for example the wing of an aircraft, via a ladder with a predominantly diagonal development. In this solution, the structure discharges its forces onto a large base. This solution is practically analogous to the solution in patent document CN111877971A1 . The solution in the American document has a base that protrudes greatly at the front to discharge the weight, of the structure and of the personnel using structure, on the ground, whereas the solution in the Chinese document has a base that protrudes greatly at the rear for the same reason. Both solutions are therefore unsuitable for use in environments where a very small footprint is required, i.e. a minimum amount of space on the ground. Another similar solution that presents the same drawbacks is described in document US7740106B2 .
A solution that partially solves this problem is already produced and marketed by the Applicant and is described in patent document WO2023214224A1 . This solution by the Applicant company still has a too large footprint and is therefore not ideal for work on train platforms to carry out maintenance on their roofs. A similar solution is described in document GB2493283A . The solution in this document has a landing platform that completely projects forward (or rearward), as in the solution of document WO2023214224A1 , therefore the base extends forward by the amount the landing platform projects forward.
Finally, there are transportable solutions, but without a landing platform and therefore unsuitable for being used by a single person. An example in this sense is described in document JP7062279B2 , in which two people are required to operate in a work area at height. Furthermore, this solution has a considerable rear bulk, like the solution of GB2493283 , and is therefore unsuitable for use on train platforms.
The known solutions do not offer a solution that combines operator safety during all operations with a minimum footprint.
Furthermore, the devices known in the state of the art do not solve multiple problems, in particular they do not provide a device:

operable by a single operator,
that is economical,
that is moveable,
that is adjustable in height,
which simplifies the operator's ascent and descent,
that it is safe at all times when the operator uses it,
which prevents the operator from falling to the ground from the working area at height,
that maximizes the width of the working area in which the operator can operate safely.

SUMMARY

The present invention has the aim of solving the above mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
The disadvantages mentioned are overcome by a fall arrest device comprising a telescopic structure equipped with a base, a landing platform and a fall arrest rail. The telescopic structure comprises a base portion rigidly connected to the base and a head portion rigidly connected to the landing platform and the fall arrest rail. The base portion develops vertically with respect to the base and the head portion is slidably coupled to the base portion. Even the head portion develops vertically. The head portion and the base portion moves parallel to each other The landing platform is arranged inside the head portion. In particular, the landing platform is arranged between two vertical supports placed side by side and parallel to each other of the head portion. The landing platform is projecting with respect to the vertical supports of the head portion both frontally and rearward. By placing the landing platform inside the head portion, the bulk of the mobile device is minimized. Furthermore, by developing the structure vertically, its footprint on the ground is minimal and it remains lower than 2 m². Since the landing platform is contained within the head portion in a transverse direction, i.e. in a right-left direction, the transverse footprint of the device is minimal. Furthermore, since the landing platform is arranged astride the vertical supports of the head portion, in a front-back direction, the structure is balanced. Since the structure is balanced, the base of the device can be smaller and it protrudes less in a front-back direction with respect to traditional solutions. A base that protrudes significantly from the front or back makes the device difficult to maneuver and unusable in situations that require a minimum footprint such as, for example, train platforms. Furthermore, the shape of the head portion optimizes the footprint, making the area of the head portion, where the landing platform is located, extremely compact.
The projection of the landing platform on the ground can fall entirely within an area of the ground covered by the base. In this way, when the operator is on the landing platform, the operator's center of gravity always falls within the area of the ground covered by the base, and the structure with the operator is stable and balanced. The operator therefore does not perceive oscillations that can generate the sensation of instability of the fall arrest device and fear of falling.
The base portion may comprise two vertical supports rigidly coupled to the base and placed side by side parallel to each other, each of the supports being slidably coupled to a respective vertical support of the head portion. This arrangement of the vertical supports of the base portion makes the structure extendable, minimising the front-back flexures of the telescopic structure.
In particular, observing the fall arrest device from the side, the projection on the ground of the centre of the landing platform can fall within the projection on the ground of the vertical support of the base portion. The term centre refers to the centre of gravity of the landing platform. The weight of the landing platform is therefore discharged within the footprint of the narrowest portion of the base, ensuring that any movements or oscillations of the fall arrest device, when the operator is on the landing platform, cannot generate any risk of overturning.
At least one toothed wheel, manually or automatically operated, can be connected to the base portion, which is configured to interact with at least one corresponding rack connected to the head portion, the interaction of which allows the head portion to be raised or lowered with respect to the base portion. Alternatively, the base portion may be connected to the head portion by means of a belt winch whose belt is connected to the head portion and whose winch is connected to the base portion or vice versa. To raise and lower the head portion with respect to the base portion, any other known movement system between two elements capable of translating vertically with respect to each other may also be used. This system allows the telescopic structure to be lowered and raised, adapting the height of the landing platform and the fall arrest rail to operational needs.
The base can be connected to the base portion so that it extends more towards the front than towards the rear of the base portion itself. This conformation of the group formed by the base portion and the base allows for better discharge of forces on the ground in the event of an operator falling, i.e. when a peak of force is discharged first onto the fall arrest rail and from there to the fall arrest device.
The telescopic structure may further comprise a base ladder rigidly connected to the rear of the base portion and a head ladder rigidly connected to the landing platform, the head ladder being configured to slide vertically relative to the base ladder.
The fall arrest rail can be connected to the highest end of the head portion by means of a head structure rigidly connected to the head portion. The projection of the fall arrest rail on the ground can fall within the area covered by the base in the front-back direction but does not fall completely within the area covered by the base in the right-left direction. In this way, even when the operator is hooked up to the fall arrest rail by means of a reel or cable, the operator is balanced on the structure and is not at risk. The fall arrest rail can be arranged at a certain height from the landing platform and at a certain distance, in the front-back direction from the landing platform.
The head structure may also project backward with respect to the head portion and may include a rear attachment point, connected to the rear portion of the head structure, to which the operator can connect, preferably via a reel, while climbing onto the telescopic structure. This feature allows the operator who climbs towards the landing platform, or who descends from it, not to run risks. In fact, the operator can attach himself via a reel when it is on the ground and climb the ladders of the telescopic structure in complete safety, until the landing platform is reached. Once the landing platform has been reached, the operator can detach himself from the attachment point to attach himself to the fall arrest rail via another reel or cable.
The fall arrest rail can develop transversally with respect to the head portion, extending to the right and left of the head portion. In this way the area covered by the operator during work at height is greater. In particular, the fall arrest rail can comprises a front attachment point slidably coupled to the fall arrest rail to move freely on the work area at height.
The base portion can be rigidly connected to the base. In turn, the base rests on the ground by means of wheels. Preferably, the base can be fixed to the ground by means of feet that, when lowered, bind the base to the ground and prevent horizontal movements. By placing the fall arrest device on wheels, its movement becomes easier. With retractable feet, the position of the fall arrest device in relation to the ground can be easily fixed.
The base portion can define a 90 degree angle with the base. In practice, the base portion develops from the base vertically and not diagonally. The vertical development of the base portion allows to significantly reduce the transverse dimensions of the fall arrest device and therefore makes it much easier to move the device even in small spaces despite its height.
In particular, the base portion can protrude vertically from the base from approximately half of the front-back extension of the base. This centered arrangement of the base portion allows for optimal mass distribution and therefore better balance of the fall arrest device.
Preferably, the head structure, when viewed from above, can be partially or totally enclosed to protect the operator from the rain when lying on the landing platform.
These and other advantages will be explained in more detail in the description below of an example of implementation given for indicative and non-limiting purposes with reference to the attached drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

The technical characteristics of the present invention, as well as its advantages, will be clear from the description given by way of non-limiting example which follows, to be considered in conjunction with the attached drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows a front view of the fall arrest device according to the present invention;
Figure 2 shows a side view of the fall arrest device according to the present invention;
Figure 3 shows a top view of the fall arrest device according to the present invention;
Figure 4 shows an axonometric view from the front of the fall arrest device according to the present invention;
Figure 5 shows an axonometric view from the rear of the fall arrest device according to the present invention when in use;
Figure 6 shows an axonometric front and top view of the fall arrest device according to the present invention when in use;
Figure 7 shows an axonometric view from the front of the fall arrest device according to the present invention in an extended version;
Figure 8 shows an axonometric view from the front of the fall arrest device according to the present invention in the retracted version.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Both this description and these drawings are to be considered only for illustrative purposes and therefore not limiting; therefore the present invention may be implemented according to other and different embodiments; furthermore, it must be kept in mind that these figures are schematic and simplified.
The same numerical references in the drawings identify equal or similar elements. The object of the invention is defined by the attached claims.
The technical details, structures or characteristics of the solutions described below can be combined with each other in any way.
Fig. 1-4 shows the axes to indicate the top-down (TD), right-left (RL), and front-back (FB) directions.
With reference to Fig. 1-4, a fall arrest device 1 is shown which comprises a telescopic structure 2.
The telescopic structure 2 is composed by a head portion 7 and a base portion 6 which are prismatically coupled to each other.
In particular, the head portion 7 can move upwards or downwards with respect to the base portion 6.
The base portion 6 is rigidly connected to a base 3 which rests on the ground G by means of wheels 19.
Base 3 can be fixed to the ground G by means of feet 20 which, when lowered, secure the base 3 to the ground G and prevent horizontal movements.
The base portion 6 defines a 90 degree angle with the base 3. The base portion 6 develops vertically from the base 3.
The base portion 6 extends vertically from base 3 approximately halfway along the front-back extension of the base 3.
The base portion 3 illustrated in Figs. 1-8 comprises a base portion 6 with two vertical supports 9, one to the right and one to the left of the center of the base 3.
The vertical supports 8 of the base portion 6 can be made up of two pairs of metal columns, preferably with a square section, which are connected below to the base 3 and above to each other in pairs, as illustrated in Fig. 1-8. The pairs of metal columns can be spaced apart by a pre-established distance, preferably between 40 and 80 cm.
As illustrated in Fig. 1-8, the head portion 7 includes a pair of vertical supports 8.
The vertical supports 8 of the head portion 7 may consist of two metal columns, preferably of square section, parallel to each other and spaced by a predetermined distance. The predetermined distance is preferably between 40 and 80 cm.
A right vertical support 8 of the head portion 7 is slidably connected to the right vertical support 9 of the base portion 6, and a left vertical support 8 of the head portion 7 is slidably connected to the left vertical support 9 of the base portion 6.
The metal column of the corresponding vertical support 8 of the head portion 7 can be slidably contained between the metal columns of each vertical support 9 of the base portion 6, as better illustrated in Fig. 2.
The landing platform 4 and a head structure 14 to which the fall arrest rail 5 is rigidly attached are rigidly connected to the head portion 7.
The landing platform 4 is connected approximately halfway up the head portion 7 and is preferably constrained to the vertical supports 8 of the head portion 7, i.e. the metal columns of Fig. 1-8.
The landing platform 4 is contained between the vertical supports 8 of the head portion 7. In practice, the landing platform 4 lies, as better illustrated in Fig. 1-4, between the right and left metal columns of the head portion 7.
The landing platform 4 protrudes from the vertical support 8 of the head portion 7 both frontally and backward, and the projection onto the ground G of the centre of the landing platform 4 falls within the projection onto the ground of the vertical support 9 of the base portion 6, when the device 1 is observed from the side as illustrated in Fig. 2.
The orthogonal projection of the landing platform 4 on the ground G falls entirely within the area A defined by the orthogonal projection on the ground G of the base 3, as better illustrated in Fig. 2 and 3.
The landing platform 4 includes two railings 17 arranged on the right and left side of the landing platform 4 to prevent the operator 100 from falling off the sides of the landing platform 4.
At the rear of the landing platform 4, a head ladder 13 is rigidly connected, which, at the bottom, is connected to the lower ends of the vertical supports 8 of the head portion 7.
The head ladder 13 slides relative to a base ladder 12 and is not coupled to it. The base ladder 12 is rigidly constrained at the top to the vertical supports 9 of the base portion 6 and is rigidly constrained at the bottom to the base 3.
By raising or lowering the head portion 7 with respect to the base portion 6, as illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, the head ladder 13 slides with respect to the base ladder 12, lengthening or shortening the ladder as a whole. By completely lowering the head portion 7 with respect to the base portion 6, the overall height of the fall arrest device 1 goes from approximately 510 cm to approximately 370 cm, with a reduction in size that allows the device 1 to be stored in a normal warehouse without problems.
The sliding of the head portion 7 with respect to the base portion 6 is facilitated by a pair of toothed wheels 10 arranged and constrained to the vertical supports 9 of the base portion 6. Each toothed wheel 10 is operatively coupled to a rack 11 rigidly constrained to the corresponding vertical support 8 of the head portion 7. By rotating the toothed wheel 10 via a crank or an actuator, the gears of the same interact with the rack 11, moving the corresponding vertical support 8 of the head portion 7 up or down. Since the vertical supports 8 of the head portion 7 are transversely connected to each other by means of the landing platform 4 and the head structure 14, even by moving only one toothed wheel 10, the head portion 7 moves up and down. The toothed wheel 10 also includes a mechanism (not illustrated) that prevents it from rotating due to the weight of the head portion 7 itself, thus preventing it from falling down unexpectedly. As already clarified, as an alternative to the pair of toothed wheels 10 and the rack 11, any known movement system between two elements capable of translating vertically with respect to each other can be envisaged, for example a band winch with return.
The head structure 14 is rigidly constrained to the upper end of the vertical supports 8 of the head portion 7. The head structure 14 protrudes both frontally and backward.
The head structure 14 develops horizontally, as better illustrated in Fig. 2. At the front end of the head structure 14, a fall arrest rail 5 is rigidly constrained.
The fall arrest rail 5 extends horizontally in a right-left direction and protrudes both to the right and to the left from the head structure 14. The fall arrest rail 5 is approximately 200 cm long and preferably protrudes to the right and to the left from the head structure 14 by approximately 50 cm. Even more preferably, the fall arrest rail 5 is 150 cm long.
The head structure 14 is partially or totally closed, when viewed from above as in Fig.3, to protect the operator 100 from the rain when it lies on the landing platform 4.
The fall arrest rail 5 comprises a front attachment point 15 which is slidably coupled to the fall arrest rail 5 and therefore capable of moving along it from right to left.
A reel 18 can be connected to the front attachment point 15, which slides to the right and left together with the front attachment point 15. This freedom of movement, combined with the extensibility of the safety cable 21, as better illustrated in Fig. 5-6, allows the operator 100 a wide freedom of movement in the work area at height 200. Even if the operator 100 works on a surface arranged at a potentially fatal height from the ground, in the event of a fall, the operator 100 is always connected to the fall arrest device 1, via the harness 22, the safety cable 21, the reel 18 of the front attachment point 15, the fall arrest rail 5 and therefore the rest of the fall arrest device 1.
The head structure 14 protrudes frontally and backward, in a front-back direction, with respect to the landing platform 4. In lateral view, the orthogonal projection of the track 5 on the ground G falls within the area A which is covered by the base 3, as visible in Fig. 2.
At the rear end of the head structure 14 there is a rear attachment point 16, preferably of the fixed type. A reel 18 can be attached to this rear attachment point 16. The reel 18 includes within it a safety cable 21 capable of being retracted into the reel 18 and of blocking when the traction of the cable 21 with respect to the reel 18 exceeds a certain threshold. The reel 18 is in any case a device of a known type on which the description will not dwell further. When the reel 18 is connected to the rear attachment point 16, the operator 100 can attach itself to it even when climbing/descending on the ladder 12,13, as illustrated in Fig. 5.
The operator 100, when climbing or descending the base and head stairs 12,13, is connected via its harness 22 and the safety cable 21 of the reel 18, to the rear attachment point 16 and therefore to the rest of the safety device 1. The operator 100 can therefore reach the landing platform 4 in complete safety and, if it were to slip from the ladder, it would remain hanging from the rear attachment point 16, without falling to the ground.
Once the operator 100 has climbed the ladder 12,13, as illustrated in Fig. 5, he reaches the landing platform 4 which is located at the height of the working area at height 200. The operator 100, when it's inside the landing platform 4, can unhook itself from the rear attachment point 16 and hook itself up to the reel 18 connected to the front attachment point 15, which is located in a position easily accessible to the operator 100 when it is standing on the landing platform 4.
Once the operator 100 is connected to the reel 18 of the front attachment point 15, the operator can descend to the work area at height 200 and carry out the necessary operations in complete safety, as illustrated in Fig. 6. The safety cable 21 of the reel 18 allows the operator to move to the work area at height 200 until the extension of the safety cable 21 ends. At the same time, the front attachment point 15 slides along the fall arrest rail 5, further expanding the range of action in which the operator 100 can operate. Preferably, the area that the operator 100 can cover thanks to the anti-fall device is approximately 5 meters, considering a work area at height of approximately 3 meters. With known fall arrest systems, at the same height of the work area, the work area can be a maximum of 3 meters wide, therefore the fall arrest system must more frequently be moved on the ground or be of a fixed type, such as a bridge crane. With the fall arrest device 1 of the present invention, the work area in which the operator 100 can operate in complete safety is therefore wider.
The fall arrest device 1 thus designed is extremely compact and its base 3 preferably measures less than 1,5 metres in width, in the right-left direction, and less than 1,5 meters in depth, in the front-back direction.
The fall arrest device 1 so designed has preferably a height of the landing zone 4 from the ground G of approximately 3 meters, which is approximately the height at which the roofs of certain means of transport 300, such as buses and trains, are located.
The landing platform 4 is preferably narrow and short, in particular it can have a depth of about 60 cm and a width of about 45 cm. In this way, the landing platform 4 can be positioned between the vertical supports 8 of the head portion 7 without any difficulty.
Preferably, the work area at height 200 is the upper surface of a means of transport 300, such as a bus or a train. The fall arrest device 1 is in fact sized for this type of means of transport 300.
The telescopic structure 2 may also include attachment means (not illustrated) to facilitate transport using a forklift.
The fall arrest device 1 may also include a manual winch to allow work tools to be lifted to a height (not illustrated).
Optionally, an additional removable mass (not illustrated), of approximately 300 kg, can be positioned on the base 3 of the fall arrest device 1 to further stabilize the device 1.

Numerical references legend:

1: fall arrest device
2: telescopic structure
3: base
4: landing platform
5: fall arrest rail
6: base portion
7: head portion
8: vertical support (of head portion)
9: vertical support (of base portion)
10: toothed wheel
11: rack
12: base ladder
13: head ladder
14: head structure
15: front attachment point
16: rear attachment point
17: railing
18: reel
19: wheel
20: foot
21: safety cable
22: harness
100: operator
200: working area at height
300: means of transport
G: ground
A: area covered by the base

Claims

Fall arrest device (1) for working on roofs of means of transport comprising a telescopic structure (2) equipped with a base (3), a landing platform (4) and a fall arrest rail (5);
the telescopic structure (2) comprising a base portion (6) rigidly connected to the base (3) and a head portion (7) rigidly connected to the landing platform (4) and to the fall arrest rail (5);

wherein the base portion (6) develops vertically with respect to the base (3) and the head portion (7) is slidably coupled to the base portion (3);

where the landing platform (4) is arranged inside the head portion (7);

wherein the head portion (7) comprises two vertical supports (8) placed side by side parallel to each other between which the landing platform (4) is arranged so that the landing platform (4) protrudes from the vertical supports (8) of the head portion (7) both frontally and backward.
Fall arrest device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the projection on the ground of the landing platform (4) falls entirely within an area (A) of the ground (G) surmounted by the base (3).
Fall arrest device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base portion (6) comprises two vertical supports (9) rigidly coupled to the base (3) and placed side by side parallel to each other, each of the vertical supports (9) of the base portion (6) being slidably coupled to a respective vertical support (8) of the head portion (7).
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, laterally observing the fall arrest device (1), the projection on the ground of the centre (G) of the landing platform (4) falls within the projection on the ground of the vertical support (9) of the base portion (6).
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one toothed wheel (10), manually or automatically operated, is connected to the base portion (6) which is configured to interact with at least one corresponding rack (11) connected to the head portion (7), the interaction of which allows the head portion (7) to be raised or lowered with respect to the base portion (6).
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base portion (6) is connected to the head portion (7) by means of a belt winch whose belt is connected to the head portion (7) and whose winch is connected to the base portion (6) or vice versa.
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the base (3) is connected to the base portion (6) so as to protrude more towards the front than towards the rear with respect to the base portion (6) itself.
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the telescopic structure (2) further comprises a base ladder (12) rigidly connected to the rear of the base portion (6) and a head ladder (13) rigidly connected to the landing platform (4), the head ladder (13) being configured to slide vertically relative to the base ladder (12).
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fall arrest rail (5) is connected to the highest end of the head portion (7) via a head structure (14) rigidly connected to the head portion (7) and the projection on the ground of the fall arrest rail (5) falls at least partly within the area (A) covered by the base (3).
Fall arrest device (1) according to claim 9, wherein the head structure (14) also projects rearward with respect to the head portion (7) and comprises a rear attachment point (16), connected to the rear portion of the head structure (14), to which the operator (100) can connect while climbing onto the telescopic structure (2).
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the fall arrest rail (5) develops transversely with respect to the head portion (7), protruding to the right and left of the head portion (7), and wherein the fall arrest rail (5) comprises a front attachment point (15) slidably coupled to the fall arrest rail (5).
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the base portion (6) is rigidly connected to the base (3), which rests on the ground (G) by means of wheels (19), preferably the base (3) can be fixed to the ground (G) by means of feet (20) which, by lowering, bind the base (3) to the ground (G) and prevent its horizontal movements.
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the base portion (6) defines an angle of 90 degrees with the base (3).
Fall arrest device (1) according to claim 13, wherein the base portion (6) vertically protrudes from the base (3) by approximately half of its extension in the front-rear direction.
Fall arrest device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the head structure (14), when viewed from above, is partially or totally closed to protect the operator (100) from the rain when it lies on the landing platform (4).