EP4597744A1 - Antenna assembly - Google Patents

Antenna assembly

Info

Publication number
EP4597744A1
EP4597744A1 EP24221663.8A EP24221663A EP4597744A1 EP 4597744 A1 EP4597744 A1 EP 4597744A1 EP 24221663 A EP24221663 A EP 24221663A EP 4597744 A1 EP4597744 A1 EP 4597744A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna assembly
directing
circuit board
radiation unit
sheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP24221663.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peihua ZHONG
Min Ding
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd
Original Assignee
NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd filed Critical NIO Technology Anhui Co Ltd
Publication of EP4597744A1 publication Critical patent/EP4597744A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/005—Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements
    • H01Q5/385—Two or more parasitic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular provides an antenna assembly.
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • global satellite navigation system is a space-based radio navigation positioning system that can provide users with all-weather three-dimensional coordinates, speed, and time information at any position on the earth's surface or in near-earth space.
  • GNSS antennas are mainly used as transmitting antennas in on-channel repeating systems, or may be used as receiving antennas in GPS navigation and positioning systems.
  • the GNSS antennas used on electric vehicles have limited layout space and face complex metal environments. In this case, the antennas are likely to receive interference signals from the surrounding environment, resulting in the deterioration of the system performance, which in turn affects the positioning accuracy.
  • Existing GNSS antennas cannot simultaneously increase the antenna bandwidth and improve the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • the present invention is intended to solve the above technical problem, that is, the problem of GNSS antennas in the prior art failing to simultaneously increase the antenna bandwidth and improve the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • the present invention provides an antenna assembly, comprising: a circuit board; a radiation unit arranged on a top side of the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board; and a parasitic director, comprising a parasitic element and a directing element, the parasitic element being arranged around the radiation unit, the directing element being arranged on a top side of the radiation unit, and the parasitic element being electrically connected to the circuit board.
  • the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is extended, so that in complex metal environments, the antenna assembly is less susceptible to frequency deviation, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, reducing the back radiation of the antenna assembly, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved.
  • the arrangement positions of the directing element and the parasitic element have less influence on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to their flat arrangement with the radiation unit, thereby achieving the objective of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna assembly and improving the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • the radiation unit achieves the objective of directing a radiation pattern through the gap, so that the radiation unit radiates electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, which can excite a better radiation mode, improve a gain, an axial ratio, a front-to-back ratio and other properties of the antenna, and enhance the anti-interference capability in complex metal environments.
  • the first directing sheet is a square metal sheet
  • the second directing sheet is a rectangular metal sheet
  • the second directing sheet is arranged around the first directing sheet
  • the first directing sheet has a side length less than or equal to one quarter of a wavelength length of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency
  • the gap between adjacent sides of the first directing sheet and the second directing sheet has a the width less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency.
  • the circuit board is provided with an amplification circuit, to which the radiation unit is electrically connected.
  • a signal received by the radiation unit is amplified by the amplification circuit, effectively improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • the parasitic director further comprises a holder, wherein the holder covers the outside of the radiation unit, the parasitic element is arranged on a side wall of the holder, and the directing element is arranged on a top wall of the holder.
  • the holder is used to facilitate the arrangement of the parasitic element and the directing element.
  • the holder is provided with a snap-in member
  • the circuit board is provided with a snap-in groove in which the snap-in member is snap-fitted.
  • the holder is fixed to the circuit board by snap-fitting the snap-in member with the snap-in groove, thus fixing the positions of the parasitic element and the directing element.
  • the antenna assembly further comprises a base, wherein the circuit board is mounted to the base, the amplification circuit is electrically connected to the base, and the base is grounded.
  • the radiation unit is electrically connected to the base via the circuit board, and a proximal end of the radiation unit is grounded due to the grounding of the base, enhancing the back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • the antenna assembly further comprises a shield arranged between the circuit board and the base.
  • the shield is used to reduce external electromagnetic interference, to ensure the normal operation of the amplification circuit.
  • the antenna assembly further comprises a cover mounted to the base, wherein a mounting cavity is enclosed between the cover and the base, and the circuit board, the radiation unit and the parasitic director are arranged in the mounting cavity.
  • the cover is used to protect the parts in the mounting cavity.
  • the radiation unit comprises a radiating patch and a ceramic substrate in which the radiating patch is arranged.
  • the radiation unit is constituted by the radiating patch and the ceramic substrate, the structure is simple, and the ceramic substrate has a high dielectric constant, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties, so that the radiation unit with a small size and high stability can be obtained.
  • the terms “mount”, “connect” and “connected” should be interpreted in a broad sense unless explicitly defined and limited otherwise.
  • the terms may mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; and may be a direct connection, an indirect connection by means of an intermediary, or internal communication between two elements.
  • the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be interpreted according to the specific situation.
  • the present invention provides an antenna assembly, which is intended to extend the bandwidth of the antenna assembly by arranging a parasitic element around a radiation unit and by arranging a directing element on a top side of the radiation unit, so that in complex metal environments, the antenna assembly is less susceptible to frequency deviation, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, reducing the back radiation of the antenna assembly, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved.
  • the arrangement positions of the directing element and the parasitic element have less influence on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to their flat arrangement with the radiation unit, thereby achieving the objective of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna assembly and improving the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exploded structure of an antenna assembly of the present invention.
  • the antenna assembly of the present invention comprises a radiation unit 1, a parasitic director 2, a circuit board 3, a base 4, a shield 5, and a cover 6.
  • the radiation unit 1 is a unit constituting the basic structure of an antenna, and the radiation unit 1 is configured to radiate or receive radio waves.
  • the parasitic director 2 comprises a parasitic element 21 and a directing element 22.
  • the parasitic element 21 is arranged around the radiation unit 1, the directing element 22 is arranged on a top side of the radiation unit 1, and the parasitic element 21 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3.
  • the circuit board 3 is provided with an amplification circuit, and the radiation unit 1 is mounted to the circuit board 3 and electrically connected to the amplification circuit.
  • a signal received by the radiation unit 1 is amplified by the amplification circuit, effectively improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • the circuit board 3 is mounted to the base 4, the amplification circuit is electrically connected to the base 4, the base 4 is grounded, the radiation unit 1 is electrically connected to the base 4 via the circuit board 3, and a proximal end of the radiation unit 1 is grounded due to the grounding of the base 4, enhancing the back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • the shield 5 is arranged between the circuit board 3 and the base 4, and the shield 5 is configured to reduce external electromagnetic interference, to ensure the normal operation of the amplification circuit.
  • the cover 6 is mounted to the base 4, and a mounting cavity is enclosed between the cover 6 and the base 4, and the circuit board 3, the radiation unit 1 and the parasitic director 2 are arranged in the mounting cavity.
  • the cover 6 is used to protect the parts in the mounting cavity.
  • the antenna assembly further comprises a feeder.
  • the feeder is welded to the circuit board and is electrically connected to the radiation unit 1 and the parasitic director 2, respectively.
  • the directing element 22 has the effect of increasing the normal gain, and the parasitic element 21 has the effect of increasing the antenna impedance bandwidth, thereby improving the radiation pattern performance and impedance matching performance of the radiation unit 1, so that the antenna assembly can cover the full frequency bands of four systems of GPS, GLONASS, BDS and GALILEO. Therefore, by arranging the parasitic element 21 around the radiation unit 1 and by arranging the directing element 22 on the top side of the radiation unit 1, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is extended, so that in complex metal environments, the antenna assembly is less susceptible to frequency deviation, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, reducing the back radiation of the antenna assembly, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved.
  • the arrangement positions of the directing element 22 and the parasitic element 21 have less influence on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to their flat arrangement with the radiation unit 1, thereby achieving the objective of improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • the shield 5 has the effects of absorbing energy, reflecting energy and offsetting energy of both the interfering electromagnetic waves from the outside and the internal electromagnetic waves, so the shield 5 has the function of reducing interference.
  • the shield 5 is a metal housing or a metal mesh, and the selection of the metal material can be adjusted according to the use situation.
  • the frequency of the interfering electromagnetic field is high, the eddy current generated in the metal material with a low resistivity is used to offset the external electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving the shielding effect.
  • the frequency of the interfering electromagnetic wave is low, a material with a high magnetic permeability is used to confine the magnetic lines of force inside the shield 5 to prevent them from spreading to the external space.
  • the circuit board 3 is preferably a printed circuit board 3.
  • the printed circuit board 3 uses a method of printing conductive tracks to connect components and wires together. This printing method is more convenient for large-scale production and can also improve the performance and reliability of the circuit.
  • the printed circuit board 3 can also realize cross-connection of multi-layer lines through lamination, which is conveniently suitable for the layout of various circuit structures.
  • the circuit board 3 is provided with the amplification circuit. Since a radio signal received by the radiation unit 1 is generally very weak and insufficient for direct processing and use, it is necessary to amplify the radio signal. The essence of amplification is to use the small energy of the radio signal to be amplified to control the large energy used for direct processing and use. The weak signal is converted into a strong signal by the amplification circuit, improving the reliability and quality of communication, thereby effectively enhancing the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • the base 4 is preferably a metal base, and the base 4 is fixed via screws to a vehicle body or other devices using the antenna assembly, to ground the base 4, so as to ground the proximal end of the radiation unit 1, thereby enhancing the back-to-back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • the base 4 may alternatively be a plastic base, and accordingly the base 4 is provided with a conductive structure.
  • the conductive structure is grounded, and the circuit board 3 is electrically connected to the conductive structure and is grounded via the conductive structure.
  • the base 4 may alternatively be provided with no conductive structure.
  • the base 4 is a plastic base, the top side or the bottom side of the base 4 may be covered by a metal layer in the form of a laser engraving or FPC patch, etc., to increase the area of a reflector plate of the antenna assembly.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial structure of the antenna assembly of the present invention.
  • the parasitic director 2 further comprises a holder 23.
  • the holder 23 is optionally a plastic holder.
  • the holder 23 covers the outside of the radiation unit 1, the parasitic element 21 is arranged on a side wall of the holder 23, and the directing element 22 is arranged on a top wall of the holder 23.
  • the holder 23 is provided with a snap-in member, and the circuit board 3 is provided with a snap-in groove.
  • the snap-in member is snap-fitted in the snap-in groove, to fix the holder 23 to the circuit board 3, thereby fixing the positions of the parasitic element 21 and the directing element 22.
  • FIG. 1 the parasitic director 2 further comprises a holder 23.
  • the holder 23 is optionally a plastic holder.
  • the holder 23 covers the outside of the radiation unit 1
  • the parasitic element 21 is arranged on a side wall of the holder 23, and the directing element 22 is arranged
  • the directing element 22 comprises a first directing sheet 221 and a second directing sheet 222 arranged around the first directing sheet 221.
  • a gap is formed between the second directing sheet 222 and the first directing sheet 221.
  • the radiation unit 1 achieves the objective of directing a radiation pattern through the gap, so that the radiation unit 1 radiates electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, which can excite a better radiation mode, improve a gain, an axial ratio, a front-to-back ratio and other properties of the antenna, and enhance the anti-interference capability in complex metal environments.
  • the holder 23 is snap-fitted to the circuit board 3 by means of the snap-in member and the snap-in groove, this is not restrictive.
  • the holder 23 may alternatively be fixedly mounted to the circuit board 3 by welding, bonding, etc., which also falls within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the parasitic element 21 is arranged on the side wall of the holder 23 and the directing element 22 is arranged on the top wall of the holder 23, this is not restrictive.
  • the parasitic element 21 and the directing element 22 may alternatively be integrated on an inner wall of the cover 6 by laser engraving, electroplating, FPC patch, hot melting, etc.
  • the first directing sheet 221 is a square metal sheet
  • the second directing sheet 222 is a rectangular metal sheet
  • the second directing sheet 222 is arranged around the first directing sheet 221
  • the first directing sheet 221 has a side length less than or equal to one quarter of a wavelength length of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency
  • the gap between adjacent sides of the first directing sheet 221 and the second directing sheet 222 has width less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency, so that a better directing effect is achieved, further enhancing the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly in complex metal environments.
  • the parasitic element 21 comprises parasitic patches. Four parasitic patches are provided, each of which corresponds to one second directing sheet 222.
  • the parasitic patch is arranged at an angle to the circuit board 3, preferably the parasitic patch is arranged perpendicular to the circuit board 3, so that the external dimensions of the antenna assembly can be minimized. It is possible that the parasitic patch is provided with a protrusion, and the circuit board 3 is provided with an insertion hole. The protrusion is inserted into the insertion hole to enable the electrical connection between the parasitic patch and the amplification circuit, and also to enable the fixing of the parasitic patch.
  • the first directing sheet 221 may be square, or may be circular, rectangular, elliptical or other axisymmetric shape. Accordingly, a plurality of second directing sheets 222 are provided around the first directing sheet 221.
  • the second directing sheet 222 may be rectangular, or may be wavy, trapezoidal, or other axisymmetric patterns, and the shape of the second directing sheet 222 matches the profile of the first directing sheet 221, which can be adjusted by those skilled in the art as needed.
  • a better directing effect can be achieved by changing the side length of the first directing sheet 221.
  • the parasitic patch may be rectangular, or may be serrated, such as sinusoidal serrations, square serrations, triangular serrations and trapezoidal serrations, or may be wavy, trapezoidal or other axisymmetric patterns.
  • the directing element 22 may comprise both the first directing sheet 221 and the second directing sheet 222, or may comprise only the first directing sheet 221, or only the second directing sheet 222 when the bandwidth requirement of the antenna assembly is relatively small, as long as the normal use requirements of the antenna assembly can be met. None of the above adjustments deviate from the principles of the present invention, and they all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the radiation unit 1 comprises a radiating patch and a ceramic substrate.
  • the radiating patch is arranged in the ceramic substrate, and the ceramic substrate has a high dielectric constant, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties, so that the radiation unit 1 with a small size and high stability can be obtained.
  • the radiating patch is a copper sheet or an aluminium sheet or other metal sheets
  • the ceramic substrate may be a plastic substrate, a PCB substrate or other substrates, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular provides an antenna assembly, which is intended to solve the problem of GNSS antennas in the prior art failing to increase the antenna bandwidth and improve the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space. To this end, the antenna assembly of the present invention comprises: a circuit board; a radiation unit arranged on a top side of the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board; and a parasitic director, comprising a parasitic element and a directing element, the parasitic element being arranged around the radiation unit, the directing element being arranged on a top side of the radiation unit, and the parasitic element being electrically connected to the circuit board. By arranging the parasitic element around the radiation unit and by arranging the directing element on the top side of the radiation unit, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is extended, so that in complex metal environments, the antenna assembly is less susceptible to frequency deviation, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, reducing the back radiation of the antenna assembly, thereby achieving the objective of improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly while meeting the requirements of limited space.

Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular provides an antenna assembly.
    • Background Art
  • A global navigation satellite system (GNSS), also known as global satellite navigation system, is a space-based radio navigation positioning system that can provide users with all-weather three-dimensional coordinates, speed, and time information at any position on the earth's surface or in near-earth space. GNSS antennas are mainly used as transmitting antennas in on-channel repeating systems, or may be used as receiving antennas in GPS navigation and positioning systems.
  • The GNSS antennas used on electric vehicles have limited layout space and face complex metal environments. In this case, the antennas are likely to receive interference signals from the surrounding environment, resulting in the deterioration of the system performance, which in turn affects the positioning accuracy. Existing GNSS antennas cannot simultaneously increase the antenna bandwidth and improve the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a new antenna assembly to resolve the above problem.
    • SUMMARY
  • The present invention is intended to solve the above technical problem, that is, the problem of GNSS antennas in the prior art failing to simultaneously increase the antenna bandwidth and improve the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • In a first aspect, the present invention provides an antenna assembly, comprising: a circuit board; a radiation unit arranged on a top side of the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board; and a parasitic director, comprising a parasitic element and a directing element, the parasitic element being arranged around the radiation unit, the directing element being arranged on a top side of the radiation unit, and the parasitic element being electrically connected to the circuit board.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, by arranging the parasitic element around the radiation unit and by arranging the directing element on the top side of the radiation unit, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is extended, so that in complex metal environments, the antenna assembly is less susceptible to frequency deviation, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, reducing the back radiation of the antenna assembly, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved. The arrangement positions of the directing element and the parasitic element have less influence on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to their flat arrangement with the radiation unit, thereby achieving the objective of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna assembly and improving the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the directing element comprises a first directing sheet and a second directing sheet arranged around the first directing sheet, a gap being formed between the second directing sheet and the first directing sheet.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, the radiation unit achieves the objective of directing a radiation pattern through the gap, so that the radiation unit radiates electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, which can excite a better radiation mode, improve a gain, an axial ratio, a front-to-back ratio and other properties of the antenna, and enhance the anti-interference capability in complex metal environments.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the first directing sheet is a square metal sheet, the second directing sheet is a rectangular metal sheet, the second directing sheet is arranged around the first directing sheet, the first directing sheet has a side length less than or equal to one quarter of a wavelength length of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency, and the gap between adjacent sides of the first directing sheet and the second directing sheet has a the width less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, a better directing effect is achieved, further enhancing the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly in complex metal environments.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the circuit board is provided with an amplification circuit, to which the radiation unit is electrically connected.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, a signal received by the radiation unit is amplified by the amplification circuit, effectively improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the parasitic director further comprises a holder, wherein the holder covers the outside of the radiation unit, the parasitic element is arranged on a side wall of the holder, and the directing element is arranged on a top wall of the holder.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, the holder is used to facilitate the arrangement of the parasitic element and the directing element.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the holder is provided with a snap-in member, and the circuit board is provided with a snap-in groove in which the snap-in member is snap-fitted.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, the holder is fixed to the circuit board by snap-fitting the snap-in member with the snap-in groove, thus fixing the positions of the parasitic element and the directing element.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the antenna assembly further comprises a base, wherein the circuit board is mounted to the base, the amplification circuit is electrically connected to the base, and the base is grounded.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, the radiation unit is electrically connected to the base via the circuit board, and a proximal end of the radiation unit is grounded due to the grounding of the base, enhancing the back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the antenna assembly further comprises a shield arranged between the circuit board and the base.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, the shield is used to reduce external electromagnetic interference, to ensure the normal operation of the amplification circuit.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the antenna assembly further comprises a cover mounted to the base, wherein a mounting cavity is enclosed between the cover and the base, and the circuit board, the radiation unit and the parasitic director are arranged in the mounting cavity.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, the cover is used to protect the parts in the mounting cavity.
  • In a specific embodiment of the antenna assembly described above, the radiation unit comprises a radiating patch and a ceramic substrate in which the radiating patch is arranged.
  • In the case of adopting the technical solution described above, the radiation unit is constituted by the radiating patch and the ceramic substrate, the structure is simple, and the ceramic substrate has a high dielectric constant, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties, so that the radiation unit with a small size and high stability can be obtained.
    • Brief Description of the Drawings
  • Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an exploded structure of an antenna assembly of the present invention; and
    • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the antenna assembly of the present invention.
    List of reference signs:
  • 1 - radiation unit, 2 - parasitic director, 3 - circuit board, 4 - base, 5 - shield, 6 - cover, 21 - parasitic element, 22 - directing element, 23 - holder, 221 - first directing sheet, 222 - second directing sheet.
    • Detailed Description of Embodiments
  • Some embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principles of the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments to the embodiments according to requirements, so as to adapt to specific applications.
  • It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms that indicate the direction or positional relationship, such as "centre", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner" and "outer", are based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the figures, which is merely for ease of description instead of indicating or implying that a related device or element must have a particular orientation and be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Moreover, the ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" are merely used for the illustrative purpose, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
  • In addition, it should also be noted that, in the description of the present invention, the terms "mount", "connect" and "connected" should be interpreted in a broad sense unless explicitly defined and limited otherwise. For example, the terms may mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; and may be a direct connection, an indirect connection by means of an intermediary, or internal communication between two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be interpreted according to the specific situation.
  • In view of the problem of GNSS antennas in the prior art failing to improve the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space as pointed out in the background art section, the present invention provides an antenna assembly, which is intended to extend the bandwidth of the antenna assembly by arranging a parasitic element around a radiation unit and by arranging a directing element on a top side of the radiation unit, so that in complex metal environments, the antenna assembly is less susceptible to frequency deviation, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, reducing the back radiation of the antenna assembly, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved. The arrangement positions of the directing element and the parasitic element have less influence on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to their flat arrangement with the radiation unit, thereby achieving the objective of increasing the bandwidth of the antenna assembly and improving the anti-interference capability while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • Referring first to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 shows an exploded structure of an antenna assembly of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the antenna assembly of the present invention comprises a radiation unit 1, a parasitic director 2, a circuit board 3, a base 4, a shield 5, and a cover 6. The radiation unit 1 is a unit constituting the basic structure of an antenna, and the radiation unit 1 is configured to radiate or receive radio waves. The parasitic director 2 comprises a parasitic element 21 and a directing element 22. The parasitic element 21 is arranged around the radiation unit 1, the directing element 22 is arranged on a top side of the radiation unit 1, and the parasitic element 21 is electrically connected to the circuit board 3. The circuit board 3 is provided with an amplification circuit, and the radiation unit 1 is mounted to the circuit board 3 and electrically connected to the amplification circuit. A signal received by the radiation unit 1 is amplified by the amplification circuit, effectively improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly. The circuit board 3 is mounted to the base 4, the amplification circuit is electrically connected to the base 4, the base 4 is grounded, the radiation unit 1 is electrically connected to the base 4 via the circuit board 3, and a proximal end of the radiation unit 1 is grounded due to the grounding of the base 4, enhancing the back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly. The shield 5 is arranged between the circuit board 3 and the base 4, and the shield 5 is configured to reduce external electromagnetic interference, to ensure the normal operation of the amplification circuit. The cover 6 is mounted to the base 4, and a mounting cavity is enclosed between the cover 6 and the base 4, and the circuit board 3, the radiation unit 1 and the parasitic director 2 are arranged in the mounting cavity. The cover 6 is used to protect the parts in the mounting cavity. The antenna assembly further comprises a feeder. The feeder is welded to the circuit board and is electrically connected to the radiation unit 1 and the parasitic director 2, respectively.
  • The directing element 22 has the effect of increasing the normal gain, and the parasitic element 21 has the effect of increasing the antenna impedance bandwidth, thereby improving the radiation pattern performance and impedance matching performance of the radiation unit 1, so that the antenna assembly can cover the full frequency bands of four systems of GPS, GLONASS, BDS and GALILEO. Therefore, by arranging the parasitic element 21 around the radiation unit 1 and by arranging the directing element 22 on the top side of the radiation unit 1, the bandwidth of the antenna assembly is extended, so that in complex metal environments, the antenna assembly is less susceptible to frequency deviation, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is also improved, reducing the back radiation of the antenna assembly, and the anti-multipath interference capability is improved. The arrangement positions of the directing element 22 and the parasitic element 21 have less influence on the external dimensions of the antenna assembly compared to their flat arrangement with the radiation unit 1, thereby achieving the objective of improving the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly while meeting the requirements of limited space.
  • It should be noted that with regard to the arrangement of the shield 5, the shield 5 has the effects of absorbing energy, reflecting energy and offsetting energy of both the interfering electromagnetic waves from the outside and the internal electromagnetic waves, so the shield 5 has the function of reducing interference. Optionally, the shield 5 is a metal housing or a metal mesh, and the selection of the metal material can be adjusted according to the use situation. When the frequency of the interfering electromagnetic field is high, the eddy current generated in the metal material with a low resistivity is used to offset the external electromagnetic waves, thereby achieving the shielding effect. When the frequency of the interfering electromagnetic wave is low, a material with a high magnetic permeability is used to confine the magnetic lines of force inside the shield 5 to prevent them from spreading to the external space.
  • Furthermore, with regard to the arrangement of the circuit board 3, the circuit board 3 is preferably a printed circuit board 3. The printed circuit board 3 uses a method of printing conductive tracks to connect components and wires together. This printing method is more convenient for large-scale production and can also improve the performance and reliability of the circuit. In addition, the printed circuit board 3 can also realize cross-connection of multi-layer lines through lamination, which is conveniently suitable for the layout of various circuit structures. The circuit board 3 is provided with the amplification circuit. Since a radio signal received by the radiation unit 1 is generally very weak and insufficient for direct processing and use, it is necessary to amplify the radio signal. The essence of amplification is to use the small energy of the radio signal to be amplified to control the large energy used for direct processing and use. The weak signal is converted into a strong signal by the amplification circuit, improving the reliability and quality of communication, thereby effectively enhancing the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly.
  • Furthermore, with regard to the arrangement of the base 4, the base 4 is preferably a metal base, and the base 4 is fixed via screws to a vehicle body or other devices using the antenna assembly, to ground the base 4, so as to ground the proximal end of the radiation unit 1, thereby enhancing the back-to-back anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly. The base 4 may alternatively be a plastic base, and accordingly the base 4 is provided with a conductive structure. The conductive structure is grounded, and the circuit board 3 is electrically connected to the conductive structure and is grounded via the conductive structure. When the base 4 is a plastic base, the base 4 may alternatively be provided with no conductive structure. In addition, when the base 4 is a plastic base, the top side or the bottom side of the base 4 may be covered by a metal layer in the form of a laser engraving or FPC patch, etc., to increase the area of a reflector plate of the antenna assembly.
  • It is possible to provide a waterproof sealing material between the base 4 and the cover 6 to ensure the sealing and waterproofing of the mounting cavity, thereby ensuring the normal use of the antenna assembly and also prolonging the service life.
  • Referring then to FIGS. 1 and 2, FIG. 2 shows a partial structure of the antenna assembly of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the parasitic director 2 further comprises a holder 23. The holder 23 is optionally a plastic holder. The holder 23 covers the outside of the radiation unit 1, the parasitic element 21 is arranged on a side wall of the holder 23, and the directing element 22 is arranged on a top wall of the holder 23. The holder 23 is provided with a snap-in member, and the circuit board 3 is provided with a snap-in groove. The snap-in member is snap-fitted in the snap-in groove, to fix the holder 23 to the circuit board 3, thereby fixing the positions of the parasitic element 21 and the directing element 22. As shown in FIG. 2, the directing element 22 comprises a first directing sheet 221 and a second directing sheet 222 arranged around the first directing sheet 221. A gap is formed between the second directing sheet 222 and the first directing sheet 221. The radiation unit 1 achieves the objective of directing a radiation pattern through the gap, so that the radiation unit 1 radiates electromagnetic waves in a specific direction, which can excite a better radiation mode, improve a gain, an axial ratio, a front-to-back ratio and other properties of the antenna, and enhance the anti-interference capability in complex metal environments.
  • It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that although as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the holder 23 is snap-fitted to the circuit board 3 by means of the snap-in member and the snap-in groove, this is not restrictive. The holder 23 may alternatively be fixedly mounted to the circuit board 3 by welding, bonding, etc., which also falls within the scope of protection of the present invention. Furthermore, although as described above with reference to FIG. 1, the parasitic element 21 is arranged on the side wall of the holder 23 and the directing element 22 is arranged on the top wall of the holder 23, this is not restrictive. The parasitic element 21 and the directing element 22 may alternatively be integrated on an inner wall of the cover 6 by laser engraving, electroplating, FPC patch, hot melting, etc.
  • Optionally, the first directing sheet 221 is a square metal sheet, the second directing sheet 222 is a rectangular metal sheet, the second directing sheet 222 is arranged around the first directing sheet 221, the first directing sheet 221 has a side length less than or equal to one quarter of a wavelength length of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency, and the gap between adjacent sides of the first directing sheet 221 and the second directing sheet 222 has width less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency, so that a better directing effect is achieved, further enhancing the anti-interference capability of the antenna assembly in complex metal environments. In addition, the parasitic element 21 comprises parasitic patches. Four parasitic patches are provided, each of which corresponds to one second directing sheet 222. The parasitic patch is arranged at an angle to the circuit board 3, preferably the parasitic patch is arranged perpendicular to the circuit board 3, so that the external dimensions of the antenna assembly can be minimized. It is possible that the parasitic patch is provided with a protrusion, and the circuit board 3 is provided with an insertion hole. The protrusion is inserted into the insertion hole to enable the electrical connection between the parasitic patch and the amplification circuit, and also to enable the fixing of the parasitic patch.
  • It should be noted that with regard to the shape of the first directing sheet 221 and the second directing sheet 222, the first directing sheet 221 may be square, or may be circular, rectangular, elliptical or other axisymmetric shape. Accordingly, a plurality of second directing sheets 222 are provided around the first directing sheet 221. The second directing sheet 222 may be rectangular, or may be wavy, trapezoidal, or other axisymmetric patterns, and the shape of the second directing sheet 222 matches the profile of the first directing sheet 221, which can be adjusted by those skilled in the art as needed. When the antenna assembly needs to be adapted to different operating frequency bands, a better directing effect can be achieved by changing the side length of the first directing sheet 221. In addition, the parasitic patch may be rectangular, or may be serrated, such as sinusoidal serrations, square serrations, triangular serrations and trapezoidal serrations, or may be wavy, trapezoidal or other axisymmetric patterns. Furthermore, with regard to the arrangement of the first directing sheet 221 and the second directing sheet 222, the directing element 22 may comprise both the first directing sheet 221 and the second directing sheet 222, or may comprise only the first directing sheet 221, or only the second directing sheet 222 when the bandwidth requirement of the antenna assembly is relatively small, as long as the normal use requirements of the antenna assembly can be met. None of the above adjustments deviate from the principles of the present invention, and they all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • Further, the radiation unit 1 comprises a radiating patch and a ceramic substrate. The radiating patch is arranged in the ceramic substrate, and the ceramic substrate has a high dielectric constant, high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and other properties, so that the radiation unit 1 with a small size and high stability can be obtained.
  • It is possible that the radiating patch is a copper sheet or an aluminium sheet or other metal sheets, and the ceramic substrate may be a plastic substrate, a PCB substrate or other substrates, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • It should be noted that the foregoing embodiments are only used to explain the principles of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can adjust the above embodiments without departing from the principles of the present invention, so that the present invention is applicable to more specific applications.
  • Heretofore, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the drawings, however, those skilled in the art can readily understand that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art could make equivalent changes or substitutions to the related technical features without departing from the principles of the present invention, and all the technical solutions after the changes or the substitutions fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. An antenna assembly, characterized by comprising:
    a circuit board;
    a radiation unit arranged on a top side of the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board; and a parasitic director, comprising a parasitic element and a directing element, the parasitic element being arranged around the radiation unit, the directing element being arranged on a top side of the radiation unit, and the parasitic element being electrically connected to the circuit board.
  2. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that
    the directing element comprises a first directing sheet and a second directing sheet arranged around the first directing sheet, a gap being formed between the second directing sheet and the first directing sheet.
  3. The antenna assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that
    the first directing sheet is a square metal sheet, the second directing sheet is a rectangular metal sheet, the second directing sheet is arranged around the first directing sheet, the first directing sheet has a side length less than or equal to one quarter of a wavelength length of the antenna assembly at an operating frequency, and the gap between adjacent sides of the first directing sheet and the second directing sheet has a the width less than or equal to one tenth of the wavelength length of the antenna assembly at the operating frequency.
  4. The antenna assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that
    the circuit board is provided with an amplification circuit, to which the radiation unit is electrically connected.
  5. The antenna assembly according to an one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that
    the parasitic director further comprises a holder, wherein the holder covers the outside of the radiation unit, the parasitic element is arranged on a side wall of the holder, and the directing element is arranged on a top wall of the holder.
  6. The antenna assembly according to claim 5, characterized in that
    the holder is provided with a snap-in member, and the circuit board is provided with a snap-in groove in which the snap-in member is snap-fitted.
  7. The antenna assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that
    the antenna assembly further comprises a base, wherein the circuit board is mounted to the base, the amplification circuit is electrically connected to the base, and the base is grounded.
  8. The antenna assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that
    the antenna assembly further comprises a shield arranged between the circuit board and the base.
  9. The antenna assembly according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that
    the antenna assembly further comprises a cover mounted to the base, wherein a mounting cavity is enclosed between the cover and the base, and the circuit board, the radiation unit and the parasitic director are arranged in the mounting cavity.
  10. The antenna assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that
    the radiation unit comprises a radiating patch and a ceramic substrate in which the radiating patch is arranged.
EP24221663.8A 2024-02-01 2024-12-19 Antenna assembly Withdrawn EP4597744A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202420256828.2U CN222463422U (en) 2024-02-01 2024-02-01 Antenna assembly

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EP4597744A1 true EP4597744A1 (en) 2025-08-06

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Cited By (1)

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