EP4590986A1 - Industriegetriebe in ausgestaltung als planetengetriebe mit zwischenelementanordnung sowie verfahren und verwendung - Google Patents
Industriegetriebe in ausgestaltung als planetengetriebe mit zwischenelementanordnung sowie verfahren und verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4590986A1 EP4590986A1 EP23775992.3A EP23775992A EP4590986A1 EP 4590986 A1 EP4590986 A1 EP 4590986A1 EP 23775992 A EP23775992 A EP 23775992A EP 4590986 A1 EP4590986 A1 EP 4590986A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- intermediate element
- axle
- element arrangement
- positive
- axial
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H57/082—Planet carriers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
- F03D15/101—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members of the epicyclic or planetary type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
- F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
- F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
- F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H2057/085—Bearings for orbital gears
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an industrial gear in the form of a planetary gear having at least one axle and at least one axle holder for axially fixed mounting of the axle, the axle being mounted axially fixed in at least one axial section in the axle holder, optionally in two axial sections, in particular at a free end of the axle is mounted, with an intermediate element arrangement being provided between the axle holder and the axle acting in/in the at least one axial section, in particular with the industrial gear in the form of a planetary gear or comprising at least one planetary gear stage.
- the present invention also relates to intermediate elements with advantageously structured surfaces for such an intermediate element arrangement.
- the present invention relates to an industrial gearbox according to features of the independent device claim as well as methods and uses according to the independent claims.
- axle clamping in this regard has been achieved by extending the clamping length (particularly when there are disadvantageous installation space requirements) and/or by increasing the fit and thus increasing pressure in the contact area between the axle and the axle mount (particularly the bore).
- the areas around the axle clamps can deform elastically, especially in a planetary carrier. This has a potentially very negative effect, particularly on neighboring bearing seats, particularly with thin-walled components.
- a planet carrier that is too soft leads to the effect that very high axial forces act in the area of the planet bolts.
- Another disadvantage is a self-reinforcing negative effect from an increasingly loose or widening press fit, which subsequently leads to even larger displacements or relative movements in the contact area, which in turn creates more material or abrasion due to frictional wear. Particles released by wear potentially lead to major or even greater secondary damage, for example through abrasion, which potentially significantly reduces the service life of the entire transmission.
- the present situation makes it difficult for those skilled in the art, particularly in the field of planetary gears, to further develop them, for example with regard to scaling the number of planets.
- the publication DE 10 2011 087 568 A1 describes a pin bearing with a shoulder provided for a planet gear of a spur gear differential, in which bearing sleeves are provided at both ends of a bearing pin, the planet gear being rotatably mounted on the bearing pin, the bearing pin being either non-rotatable or rotatable relative can be mounted to the planet carrier, the bearing sleeves having axial stops which extend in both radial directions, namely outwards at one end and inwards at the other end, so that Positive locking can be ensured at several axial positions along the axial extent of the bearing pin, namely in an axial boundary on both sides by the planet carrier in the manner of an axial enclosing by means of bearing sleeves with an S-shaped cross section.
- the object of the present invention to show measures by means of which a noticeable reduction in wear or an effective avoidance of wear at an interface from axle to axle mount in planetary gears can be ensured, in particular with very good (torsional) rigidity or torque load capacity, in particular while minimizing any resulting design disadvantages relating to the entire gearbox design.
- the task is also to provide an axially fixed bearing at the axis/axle mount interface for high-load torque transmission or, if necessary, for a particularly high surface pressure with the most varied possible usability in different types of planetary gears, especially in combination with insignificant wear or at least noticeable reduction in wear, especially in planetary gears with a comparatively high scale number of planets, e.g. five, six, seven, eight or even nine planets.
- an industrial transmission comprising at least one planetary gear stage having at least one axle and at least one axle mount for axially fixed mounting of the axle, the axle being mounted axially fixed in at least one axial section in the axle mount, optionally mounted in two axial sections, in particular each at a free end of the axle is; wherein an intermediate element arrangement is provided between the axle holder and the axle, acting in/in the at least one axial section, which is mounted axially fixed between the axle and the axle holder (in particular in the manner of a press fit, press fit).
- the intermediate element arrangement has a structured surface in at least one surface section on the side of the axle and/or on the side of the axle mount, comprising at least one (axial force-transmitting) laser-structured surface designed to provide support against axial displacement. This also provides an effective preventive measure to avoid wear, in particular due to axial relative movements between the axle and the axle mount.
- the measures described here regarding the at least one intermediate element also promote scaling to a comparatively high number of planets, for example seven or more planets; Such scaling may have the disadvantage that the dimensioning for each planet(s) axis tends to have to become weaker/smaller, with the associated decreasing structural strength - however, it has been shown that the intermediate element arrangement described here, especially when implemented for each planetary axis can well compensate for potential disadvantages depending on the application and specifications, in particular by the fact that the planetary axes together with the respective intermediate element(s) simulate support rods in structural terms.
- the intermediate element arrangement described here has a stiffening effect when installed and used as intended, in particular in such a way that the planet carrier remains torsionally rigid even with a large number of planets and is/remains set up for comparatively high torque transmission potential, as is the case in particular for wind turbines very dynamic load changes are required.
- the intermediate element arrangement described here can ensure that an axial relative movement caused in particular by high rotational and bending moments transmitted to the planet carrier and thus also abrasion/abrasion is counteracted, with a good stiffening effect not only in Area of the respective bolt but also with regard to the entire planet carrier.
- intermediate element arrangement when installed and used as intended, has a wear-reducing or wear-preventing effect, especially since an axial relative movement can be virtually excluded. If, according to the present disclosure, the term intermediate element arrangement is spoken of in general, this is to be understood as meaning an intermediate element arrangement that reduces or prevents wear during operation when used as intended.
- a/the “structured surface” described with respect to the intermediate element arrangement does not necessarily have to be provided exclusively by means of the (respective) intermediate element, but can also be provided by the axle and/or by the axle mount, at least partially.
- a comparatively finely structured and essentially force-fitting structure is provided on the axle, and a comparatively coarsely structured form-fitting structure is provided on an outer surface of at least one intermediate element.
- structured surface or “structure” according to the present disclosure can refer to several surface sections, with each axle-axle mount pairing comprising at least one laser-structured surface or at least one laser-structured surface section.
- the invention is based on the concept of a wear-inhibiting Z-reducing stiffener essentially based on To ensure minimally small structures that can ensure an axially fixed connection that transmits axial force essentially in a non-positive manner, i.e. in combination with a normal force, in particular in a particularly torsionally rigid arrangement of a planet carrier.
- the intermediate element arrangement described here can have a large number of intermediate elements, in particular at least one per (planetary) axis.
- the respective intermediate element can have an individual configuration, for example depending on its axial position (e.g. be designed differently on the transmission input side than on the transmission output side).
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in one of the following configurations: slotted sleeve, molded bushing, molded bushing with inner nut, molded bushing in combination with cone, intermediate axle sleeve. Last but not least, this also provides a high degree of variability with regard to application-specific implementations, in particular depending on the respective number of planetary axes.
- A/the laser structuring is preferably provided at least on an inner surface.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which has at least one structured surface in at least one of the following geometric configurations, in particular on its outer surface: conical, spherical, knurled, provided with a toothing, helical or wave-shaped.
- this makes possible Last but not least, a specific design with regard to application-specific features, for example regarding the respective axis end, in particular depending on the respective number of planetary axes.
- Laser structuring can also be provided independently of the (macroscopic) geometric configuration of the outer surface of the intermediate element selected in the individual case. With a (coarse) structuring of the outer surface in combination with a fine, essentially non-positive structure on the part of the axle, the manufacturing effort can also be minimized.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed to be inserted between the axle and the axle mount in the manner of a dowel.
- the insertion or assembly can be carried out, for example, by thermal measures (in particular thermal joining) and/or by impacting or pulsing.
- the at least one laser-structured surface is introduced in a circumferential position-specific manner, in particular in the area of a circumferential position on the part of the axle deviating from an area of a circumferential position on the part of the axle mount (e.g. with the respective circumferential area in the range of 45 to 90 °.
- this also enables a Comparatively specific way of fixing the axle can be set differently than the axle mount, which means that, for example, circumferential and axially variable load conditions in the contact area can be taken into account accordingly.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises a plurality of intermediate elements which, together with the respective (planetary) axis, structurally simulate support rods of the planetary carrier. Last but not least, this provides a particularly high level of rigidity and torque transferability for the entire planet carrier assembly.
- the intermediate element arrangement has a laser-structured surface in at least one surface section on the side of the axle (inside) and/or on the side of the axle holder (outside) and is therefore set up for at least substantially non-positive and optionally also positive support against axial displacement (i.e. against axial relative movements between axle and axle mount).
- the function of an axially fixed anchoring can be provided or ensured by an additional intermediate element arrangement acting between the axle and the axle receptacle or by at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, in particular on the one hand at least essentially non-positively (in particular on the part of the axle) and on the other hand also in a form-fitting manner (in particular on the part of the axle mount).
- the structuring provided on the inner and/or outer surface is already constitutive as such for the desired force/positive connection on the corresponding contact surface.
- Such structuring is particularly in connection with a criterion of a robust and structurally comparatively slim axially fixed mounting or a corresponding axially fixed installation (assembly method) is useful.
- gluing, a conical press fit and/or the other types of connection described in detail here can be provided, which are based, for example, on a combination of form-fitting/force-fitting or can also have a substantially form-fitting effect.
- material connection e.g. bonding
- material connection can only be implemented in addition, for example in connection with a safety function, without the material connection being intended for an axial force transmission or other comparatively high force flow.
- At least one comparatively coarse and essentially form-fitting surface structure is provided, in which an axial relative movement can be excluded by form-fitting, and on the other hand, at least one comparatively fine and essentially non-positive/static friction-acting surface structure is preferably provided, which is caused by high static friction an axial relative movement can be excluded.
- the positive/non-positive surface structure is advantageously provided both inside and outside on the lateral surfaces of the respective intermediate element, so that fixation against axial displacement/relative movement can optionally be ensured exclusively by means of the at least one intermediate element, for example in the form of a sleeve.
- the respective intermediate element also fulfills an essential function in connection with the axial anchoring of the axle within the axle mount, in particular without the axle and/or axle mount necessarily having to be subjected to a specific surface treatment.
- the weaker and therefore more wear-prone component is usually the axle mount (or a corresponding planet carrier bore), which is due to the dimensions of the axle mounts or the planet carrier and the nature of which requires a lot of effort to improve wear protection.
- the invention makes it possible to overcome previous difficulties and also facilitates scaling towards a comparatively large number of planets.
- the term “industrial gearbox” is generally understood to mean a gear device comprising at least one planetary gear stage for industrial applications, for example in the form of a (bevel) spur gear or planetary gearbox or screw extruder gearbox or ship gearbox or generator gearbox or excavator gearbox or mill gearbox or chassis gearbox, each with at least one planetary gearbox stage.
- a (bevel) spur gear or planetary gearbox or screw extruder gearbox or ship gearbox or generator gearbox or excavator gearbox or mill gearbox or chassis gearbox each with at least one planetary gearbox stage.
- axle “Axially fixed mounting of the axle” is generally understood to mean a fixed axial force-transmitting axle seat, in which a robust hold must be ensured, in particular against axial relative movements, especially in combination with high torsional rigidity.
- An intermediate element arrangement can optionally also include several (intermediate) elements, whereas if explicit reference is made to only one intermediate element, reference can be made here to a single element at a specific bearing point or in a specific axial section, for example in the area of an axle end (intermediate element arrangement with a specific intermediate element at the relevant storage location), unless expressly stated otherwise.
- an industrial gearbox can have several bearing points or several axes, each with one or more intermediate elements, namely in a planetary gearbox with at least one planetary carrier, which provides an axle mount for a large number of planetary axes;
- the term “intermediate element arrangement” is not limited to a specific number of (intermediate) elements.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least a number of intermediate elements corresponding to the number of planetary axes, or even at least twice as many intermediate elements (attachment to two axial sections of the respective axis, in particular in the area of both axis ends).
- the invention is also based on the concept of providing at least one intermediate element between the axle and the axle mount or planet carrier, which can ensure the wear protection of an axle mount, in particular a (planet) carrier bore, in an individualizable and application-specific manner, e.g. by specifying a certain surface structure and/or material hardness.
- the at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is preferably provided as an elastic, naturally hard, nitrided or hardened intermediate element, e.g. in the manner or in an arrangement or mode of operation according to a (form) bushing.
- the (respective) intermediate element improves the wear resistance especially in at least one clamping point of the axle, largely independently of the base material.
- the intermediate element can also consist of one or more layers of different materials. Hard layers offer advantageously pronounced wear protection, while soft layers can primarily ensure elastic deformation, in particular without flowing. In this respect, an appropriately selected combination of materials can also enable advantageous functional integration in just a single intermediate element (multiple functions).
- the expert can individually determine for the respective application, in particular depending on the materials of the axle and mount, which hardness ranges are to be considered relatively hard and relatively soft.
- the at least one intermediate element preferably has a form-fitting structuring on at least one outer (jacket) surface, which is designed to counteract an axial relative movement, in particular without an axial relative movement occurring. It has been shown that such a structure acting flatly on the outside both or primarily in a form-fitting manner, preferably on at least one radially external surface, as well as in a non-positive/static friction manner, preferably on at least one radially internal surface, through/due to appropriate structuring (laser structuring, friction value-increasing Structures, in addition also nanostructure adhesion) can effectively counteract axial displacement from the axis bore (or a corresponding axial relative movement) (optionally, a cohesive fixation can also be provided, in the sense of additional security, without this security having to account for a high flow of force) .
- the corresponding intermediate element can optionally also be designed to be (single) conical, multi-conical, in particular in the manner of a dowel, or in
- the fit formed by the axis and bore or receptacle can also be spread by increasing the coefficient of friction and / or by using a wedge-shaped or helical surface, which also reduces the deformation of the carrier assembly under load can be reduced.
- the inside can counteract uncontrolled frictional wear.
- the structuring can also create a non-dissolvable (non-reformable) comparatively hard surface structure, which does not or at best only insignificantly affects the tolerances of the axis previously achieved through precision machining (or the tolerances required for a respective application).
- One of the types of structuring described here can be carried out or provided either on the respective intermediate element or on the axis and can be divided into zones over the circumference and/or axially in the direction of loading and movement and correspondingly stronger, weaker and inhibiting or be designed or configured/assembled with a reduced effect in the joining direction.
- zones in particular a line density, the direction of the structure and/or the intensity and shape of the structure can be adapted to the specific characteristics and requirements of the respective axis contact.
- the present invention provides a comparatively high degree of variability.
- the intermediate element can, for example, have an integrated contact surface set up for a sliding bearing between a planet gear and a planet carrier and can be designed, for example, to be continuous, slotted or segmented.
- a spherical pre-profiled shape of the support can compensate for any deformations caused in particular by the assembly process.
- the intermediate element can also be implemented in the sense of a compensating element.
- the intermediate element can also be thickened or tapered on one side, in particular for the purpose of compensating for positional tolerances of the axle mounts (or support bores) through orientation during assembly. Last but not least, this also leads to improved load-bearing capacities of the carrier assembly.
- the axle holes can also be made when the intermediate elements are already assembled. In this respect, the present invention also provides a technically feasible solution for different assembly situations.
- the intermediate element eg in the form of a kind of dowel
- the intermediate element can be slotted, perforated or segmented, hardened or nitrided, and at the same time and be/are designed without a coating that makes installation easier.
- the exemplary embodiments described here are not to be understood as restrictive.
- the axle holder or carrier bore can either be cylindrically straight, conical or spherical or can be designed with grooves for axial and/or tangential securing of the respective intermediate element.
- the axle mount or an axle seat to be structured can preferably be cylindrical or conical, helical or wave-shaped, in particular with regard to a self-locking design against rotation.
- the coefficient of friction can be increased in at least one axial section or on at least one surface section inside and/or outside by structuring in a chemical manner or optionally also by knurling measures (shaping according to knurling) or by nanostructure adhesion.
- a particularly proportional static friction force can be additionally increased.
- the intermediate elements can be used on at least one side of the axle clamping, optionally in the same or different design.
- the respective intermediate element can also be used to combine materials with similar properties (e.g. in terms of microstructure, hardness), which could/would tend to increased wear without an installed intermediate element.
- the present invention can be implemented both for new products and in connection with service applications, thereby increasing the variability with regard to the materials that can be used and minimizing the amount of post-processing required for the axle mount and/or axle. It has been shown that the present invention can also ensure the following advantages: In comparison to previous pairings (axle with axle mount), there is no uncontrolled initial conditioning of the axle contact. This also results in noticeably less material entering the oil and gear. In particular, it is easier to avoid cold-hardened particles that could damage the bearings or gearing. The improved clamping also reduces radial and axial deformations of the planet carrier, especially in a planetary gear, for example, which in turn reduces micro-movement in the axle contact and thus helps to reduce frictional wear.
- An axially fixed bearing is to be understood in particular as a bearing/fastening in which an axially fixed positioning of the contact partners is of primary importance, in combination with an axial force-transmitting effect, e.g. in response to bending moments acting on a/the planet carrier, and advantageously also a high torsional rigidity and a high torque transferability of the entire planet carrier arrangement can be ensured;
- the axle is arranged in the axle holder in a predefined axial target position or fixed in a form-fitting/force-fitting manner and defines, e.g., an axis of rotation for a planetary gear guided by a/the planet carrier.
- axially fixed can therefore also include a rotationally fixed arrangement of the axle within the axle holder; according to the present disclosure, the term “axially fixed” was chosen because for the envisaged applications the primary task is to minimize axial relative movements, in particular with regard to the Absorption and transmission of comparatively high bending moments. Nevertheless, the advantages described here in connection with the axially fixed arrangement can also be further expressed by an improved torsional strength associated with the measures according to the invention.
- Previous gearboxes often have disadvantages in terms of installation space length or high pressing/contact forces and the resulting additional effort in terms of material and design scope of the gearbox or also in terms of a comparatively very limited choice of materials that can be used.
- the knowledge can also be used that a functional decoupling can be ensured by means of an additional intermediate element arrangement at the interface between the axle and the axle mount, whereby the respective material pairing can also be optimized more easily for a specific function without causing noticeable disadvantageous side effects .
- the respective intermediate element can be material-specifically optimized, in particular both on the internal contact side to the axle and on the external contact side to the axle mount, the material selection regarding the axle and/or the axle mount can be made more independently of any wear aspects.
- the respective intermediate element can also take on the function of a safe/robust and resilient axial securing or axial fixation and in this respect can minimize the risk of relative movements.
- axle mount with regard to the industrial transmission
- this also refers in particular to axle bores in the planetary carrier.
- present disclosure generally relates to axle mounts of any design, regardless of the transmission type. Individual exemplary embodiments will be discussed in more detail below; The combinations of features described below can be combined with one another, unless this is explicitly negated here.
- the intermediate element arrangement has at least one intermediate element which is mounted in an axially fixed manner between the axle and the axle receptacle in the (corresponding) axial section, and which has a positive fit in at least one outer surface section, i.e. on the side of the axle receptacle (which can also be loaded in the axial direction with the appropriate normal force).
- acting structured surface which preferably has a greater hardness than the corresponding surface of the axle mount, and in at least one inner surface section, i.e. on the side of the axle, has a non-positively acting structured surface.
- the respective external structured surface of the respective intermediate element is a surface optimized for positive locking, in which the axial inhibition is/would also be ensured independently of a normal force.
- the respective internal structured surface is preferably a surface optimized for adhesion, in which the axial inhibition can be generated as a function of a normal force or the amount of this normal force.
- the two lateral surfaces of the respective intermediate element are preferably structured differently (in particular coarser on the outside and finer on the inside).
- both the external and the internal structured surface can each have a comparatively coarse structure and can also be provided with a comparatively fine structure (as in the following with reference to an embodiment in the manner of an axle dowel Z-anchor or an intermediate axle sleeve explained in more detail as an example), in the form of functional redundancy thanks to both coarse and fine structures on both sides/outer surfaces.
- the axis can also be optional have a surface structure, in addition to or as an alternative to one/of the surface structure on the inner surface of the intermediate element.
- “positive” means an axially fixed fixation based essentially on the geometric conditions of the respective surface, with this mode of operation being emphasized here in particular by reference to relatively coarser structures; Figuratively speaking, reference is made in particular to a sawtooth profd or a fine thread or a knurl, especially on the side of the axle mount.
- the positive connection can preferably be ensured by the fact that the corresponding shape/geometry is pronounced on the intermediate element, i.e. not necessarily on the axle holder itself.
- Anchoring by shaping can then also be achieved thanks to different material hardnesses and thanks to comparatively high surface pressure, in particular by the outer surface of the intermediate element digs or presses into the corresponding inner surface of the axle mount.
- a “positive fit” or “essentially positive fit” is therefore to be understood as a connection that is essentially based on positive fit in the sense of a macroscopic geometric interlocking and can optionally also include frictional connection (whereby an at least slightly partial frictional connection is already caused by different deformations and tensions can arise on the contact surfaces, so cannot/should not be completely ruled out).
- non-positive and in the narrower sense “frictional” or “static friction” means in particular an axially fixed connection without the need for specific shaping or geometric unevenness such as edges or shoulders or noticeable grooves or sawtooth profiles to understand, whereby this mode of operation is emphasized here in particular by reference to relatively finer/finer structures, in particular by reference to laser structures or laser-structured surfaces, which are also (or just) realized on completely flat/flat surfaces (in particular cylindrical inner lateral surfaces). on which there do not have to be any shoulders or edges in a (macroscopic) geometric sense, but which can ensure adhesion/fixation in accordance with a coefficient of static friction defined by the structuring in conjunction with a normal force.
- Adhesive connection is ensured depending on a certain normal force acting on the contact surfaces (whereas with Positive locking such a normal force is/would not necessarily be necessary).
- the present invention is therefore also based on the concept of realizing different modes of operation of an axially fixed fixation on the particularly preferred contact partners or lateral surfaces, in any case comprising positive locking based on laser structures, in particular on the axis.
- a “non-positive” or “essentially non-positive” connection is therefore understood to be a connection that is essentially based on a non-positive connection and can optionally also include a positive connection or can be supplemented at least to a small extent by a positive mode of action (for example if the... Intermediate element has comparatively coarse structures or a shoulder or a contact surface or disk or similar contour).
- the present disclosure is therefore also to be understood as meaning that when referring to “non-positive connection”, the corresponding surface is intended or designed or configured for a substantially non-positive connection (here: in particular or preferably at least one inner surface of the respective intermediate element facing the axis ), and that when referring to “positive locking”, the corresponding surface is designed or configured for a substantially positive connection (here: in particular or preferably at least one outer surface of the respective intermediate element facing the axle holder).
- the frictional connection and/or positive connection to be realized on the respective lateral surface or interface does not necessarily have to be realized by a measure on the part of the intermediate element, but can also be realized by a measure on the part of the axle and/or on the part of the axle mount, optionally exclusively, optionally in combination with one of the measures on the intermediate element.
- the invention is also based on the concept of making the at least one intermediate element harder than that on at least one side (in particular on the outer surface).
- axle mount ;
- the axle mount with advantageous material properties can be designed largely independently of wear protection requirements, and the function of the wear protection can be ensured by means of the intermediate element arrangement.
- material processing on the axle mount and/or the axle is not required or is only required to a greatly reduced extent.
- the intermediate element arrangement can advantageously be provided in such a way that material selection and any post-processing on the axle and axle mount can be carried out as varied and flexible as possible with regard to other wear protection requirements.
- the axis ends can be/can be edited. However, according to the invention, this is not necessarily necessary.
- the axis can be structured on the outside in an optimized manner for a non-positive press fit and can also be made comparatively hard (in particular martensitic hard), in particular by laser structuring.
- the respective intermediate element is designed on the outside with a comparatively coarse structure for positive connection, and the axle is designed with a comparatively fine structure for essentially frictional connection.
- the comparatively fine structure can also be provided on an inner surface of the intermediate element.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in one of the following configurations: slotted sleeve, shaped bushing, in particular with a contact surface (in particular L-shaped) and/or with an inner nut and/or in combination with a cone, intermediate axle sleeve in particular conical, spherical, knurled, with provided with teeth, shaped like a screw or wave.
- slotted sleeve shaped bushing, in particular with a contact surface (in particular L-shaped) and/or with an inner nut and/or in combination with a cone
- intermediate axle sleeve in particular conical, spherical, knurled, with provided with teeth, shaped like a screw or wave.
- a contact surface facilitates relative axial positioning, for example of a planetary gear, for example by providing corresponding segments or support points.
- a separate thrust washer is seen as a rather expensive solution that would require additional security.
- the concept according to the invention now enables this optional functionality to be integrated in a comparatively simple and robust manner.
- the axis itself is preferably also provided with a corresponding surface structure, in particular also with a comparatively fine surface structure corresponding to the inner surface of the respective intermediate element. It is particularly advantageous if the material of the axle is as hard as possible, for example martensitic hardness. This allows the
- the intermediate element arrangement advantageously has at least one intermediate element designed for axial positioning of a planetary gear of the industrial transmission, for example also in combination with an integrated contact surface.
- This functionality can also replace or eliminate the need for classic thrust washers (used as separate parts).
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which has at least one layer made of a material with a hardness unequal to the hardness of the material of the axle and/or the axle mount. Last but not least, this also facilitates the targeted setting of a desired type of essentially non-positive adhesion by manipulating the surface characteristics of at least one lateral surface of the respective intermediate element.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises an intermediate element designed as a slotted sleeve, wherein the structured surface is provided on the outside in at least one axial section with a form-fitting surface structure, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or (fine) thread, or is knurled for positive support in the axial direction is.
- this design is characterized by an advantageously simple basic shape and can be used for many different types of axle and axle mount pairings.
- the structured surface can be provided on the inside for non-positive support in the axial direction, especially when superimposed with a more macroscopic geometry, in at least one axial section, with a non-positive surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction, which is introduced by laser structuring.
- axle is structured on the outside in an optimized manner for a non-positive press fit and is also made comparatively hard (in particular martensitic hard), in particular by laser structuring, in particular corresponding to one of the internal surface structuring of the intermediate element.
- comparatively hard in particular martensitic hard
- both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces on the axis are surface-structured, i.e. either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the outer lateral surface of the axle.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed as a slotted sleeve or slotted molded bushing. Last but not least, this also facilitates assembly and expands the spectrum of applicable assembly methods.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in the form of a sleeve or shaped bushing, each with an integrated contact surface or contour, the structured surface for positive support in the axial direction in at least one axial section on the outside with a positive-acting surface structure, in particular in the manner of a sawtooth profile or threaded or knurled, the sleeve or shaped bushing having a contact surface preferably coated with plain bearings on the end face or having a collar coated with plain bearings.
- this configuration also promotes integration at an interface between the planet carrier and planetary axes and can also advantageously minimize the friction or wear on at least one end face.
- the structured surface can be provided on the inside in at least one axial section with a non-positive surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction, which is introduced by laser structuring.
- This also enables a very reliable axially fixed adhesion on the inside against axial relative movements, without the corresponding lateral surface having to be provided with an additional (in macroscopic view) geometric shape.
- this also has advantages in terms of the most extensive assembly options possible.
- both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces of the axle are surface-structured, i.e. either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed as a sleeve or shaped bushing comprising a surface structure in the manner of a sawtooth profile or thread or knurling.
- This structure can also be specified depending on a specific lateral surface and/or specific axial position, in particular also in combination or in superposition with the laser structure described here.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises an L-shaped molded bushing, in particular an L-shaped molded bushing with an inner nut or in combination with a cone, the structured surface for positive support in the axial direction in at least one axial section on the outside with a form-fitting surface structure, in particular in the Kind of a sawtooth profile or thread or knurled, the molded bushing preferably being coated with sliding bearings on the end side, the molded bushing being secured to the axis in the axial direction by means of an inner nut and/or by means of a cone.
- a locking ring can be omitted in planetary gears.
- the structured surface can be provided on the inside in at least one axial section with a non-positive surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction, which is introduced by laser structuring.
- a cone provided in combination with the shaped bushing can be provided in the form of a conical axle seat, in particular at the opposite axle end of an axle enclosed at two axial sections.
- Such a configuration also provides the advantage of a very effective axial load transfer (particularly in the sense of relieving the load on the other contacting lateral surfaces) on one of the axle ends, especially in conjunction with a comparatively simple/advantageous assembly.
- both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces of the axle are surface-structured, i.e. either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element, which is designed as a shaped bushing in combination with an inner nut or a cone.
- the axle mount-axle component combination can also be included as an option Additional functionality can be equipped, in particular axial position-specific (e.g. at only one of the axis ends).
- the intermediate element arrangement has a cone provided in combination with a shaped bushing in the form of a conical axle seat, in particular at the opposite axle end of an axle enclosed at two axial sections.
- the intermediate element arrangement comprises at least one intermediate element in the form of a conically shaped intermediate axle sleeve, the structured surface being provided for positive support in the axial direction both on one/the inside and on one/the outside of the intermediate axle sleeve and in particular with a form-fitting surface structure in the manner of a double-sided multi-conical sawtooth profiling for a screw-like toothing, and preferably both inside and outside a relatively finer structure comprising a force-fitting surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction and introduced by laser structuring and optionally also a surface structure generated by chemical structuring and / or based on nanostructure adhesion, surface structures connected to one another by cold welding are provided (in particular both inside and outside, for the purpose of functional redundancy on both contact surfaces inside and outside), e.g.
- an intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement designed as a conically shaped intermediate axle sleeve can also have a spherical comb profile. Last but not least, this also allows a deformation or tolerance compensation effect to be functionally integrated and assembly to be made easier.
- both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces of the axle are surface-structured, i.e. either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle.
- the intermediate element arrangement has at least one intermediate element with an external, relatively coarser structure, the relatively finer laser-structured surface being provided on the axis side, optionally on the axis and/or on the intermediate element.
- the intermediate element arrangement or a single intermediate element thereof is formed from several layers, in particular from several layers each with different/individual (local) hardness (for example caused by different local hardening processes) or from different materials or material pairs, each with different/individual hardness in particular also unequal to the hardness of the material of the axle or the axle mount.
- This also provides further variation options in terms of material and hardness pairings on the contact surfaces and therefore even greater customizability.
- micro-movements can be effectively reduced by means of a comparatively soft core of the intermediate element, i.e. by providing a comparatively harder, more wear-resistant structure on the outside (in at least one outer layer).
- a line density and/or direction of the structure and/or intensity and shape of the structure is individualized within at least one structured surface section of the (respective) intermediate element. Last but not least, this also enables an even more specific design with regard to local contact conditions, e.g. with regard to surface pressure, direction of force or the like.
- the industrial gearbox is designed as a planetary gearbox, in which one (respective) axle mount is located in a planetary carrier of the planetary gearbox is provided, in particular in the form of a planet carrier bore, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement is arranged on the respective axle holder on at least one lateral surface in an at least substantially non-positive manner against axial relative movement between the planet carrier or axle holder and the axle or has a wear-reducing or wear-preventing effect there.
- the present invention can also be implemented in a particularly advantageous manner in planetary gears with a comparatively high number of planets or planetary axes, in particular without the high number of planets having a negative effect on the rigidity.
- the planet carrier is designed, for example, as a cast part;
- the casting material can be chosen largely independently of the at least one material of the at least one intermediate element.
- the industrial gear is installed in a drive train of a wind turbine or is specially configured for this purpose, namely in the form of a planetary gear or comprising at least one planetary gear stage.
- the respective axle is mounted in an axially fixed manner in two axial sections in the axle holder, the respective axle being mounted in an axially fixed manner in a first axial section by means of a first intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement and in an axially fixed manner in a second axial section by means of a second intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement, wherein the Intermediate elements abut at least or essentially non-positively on the axle on at least one inner surface and abut at least or essentially positively on the axle on at least one outer surface; wherein the first and second intermediate elements are optionally of the same type or of different types, in particular selected from the following group of intermediate element types: sleeve optionally with a contact surface, molded bushing optionally in combination with inner nut and / or cone.
- the respective axle is mounted in two axial sections in the axle mount on both sides of the corresponding planetary gear in an axially fixed manner and thus transmits axial force, in particular in such a way that the planetary gear can be positioned axially by at least one of the intermediate elements by means of a contact surface.
- This also helps to maintain the desired rigidity largely independently of the use/operation/service life or largely independently of any wear-related aspects, in particular independently of play or even minimal relative movements (which can at least be virtually excluded in each case).
- the respective axial force can be transmitted at least essentially, optionally also exclusively, in the axial sections defined by the respective intermediate element.
- cold welding can also be implemented on at least one of the axial sections.
- One aspect further relates to a manufacturing method for intermediate elements for industrial gears in the form of a planetary gear with wear-minimized or wear-preventing components comprising the intermediate element arrangement previously described above, for example in an arrangement in a drive train of a wind turbine.
- the aforementioned object is also achieved by a method according to the corresponding independent method claim, namely by a method for producing an intermediate element arrangement for use in an industrial gear in the form of a planetary gear (for example a wind turbine) in at least one axial section between at least one axis and at least one Axle holder for axially fixed mounting of the axle in the axle holder, in particular for use on a planetary carrier of the planetary gear, with a structured surface comprising at least one (axial force-transmitting) laser-structured surface being introduced into at least one surface section of at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement on the part of the axle and/or on the part of the axle holder which is set up for at least essentially non-positive and optionally also positive support against
- a substantially force-fitting surface is introduced into at least one surface section of an internal surface/jacket surface of the at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps: laser structuring, chemical structuring, and optionally additionally cold welding for micro- and/or nanostructure adhesion, in particular on further axial sections and/or lateral surfaces.
- the structured surface is preferably generated depending on at least one predefined/predefinable specific elevation and/or density parameter, in particular in a wavy or serpentine or meandering structure or in a scale-like structure, in particular with microscopic undercuts and without a predefined spatial orientation, i.e. largely aleatoric orientation.
- a predefined/predefinable specific elevation and/or density parameter in particular in a wavy or serpentine or meandering structure or in a scale-like structure, in particular with microscopic undercuts and without a predefined spatial orientation, i.e. largely aleatoric orientation.
- Laser structuring in particular enables a very specific design/design of at least the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element, in particular based on parameter variations relating to a certain coefficient of static friction, for example with regard to the depth/height and arrangement density of the structure and with regard to the profile shape of the lasered roughness profile, and also from the normal force , i.e. from an actual installation situation. It has been shown that laser structuring is particularly useful for the interface between planetary axes and planetary carriers, not least thanks to high quality and process reliability and reproducibility, so that the way in which the individual planets are supported does not differ from one another, but rather an identical design and identical operating conditions can be ensured for all planets and carrier bores.
- a substantially form-fitting surface is introduced into at least one surface section of an external surface/jacket surface of the at least one intermediate element by at least one of the following steps: sawtooth profiling, fine thread cutting. Last but not least, this also promotes a very reliable connection between a comparatively hard intermediate element and a comparatively soft axle mount, for example a planet carrier designed as a cast part.
- an intermediate element arrangement for an industrial gear in the form of a planetary gear having at least one axle and at least one axle receptacle for supporting the axle, the intermediate element arrangement being set up for arrangement between the axle receptacle and the axle, with at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement being produced by at least one of the following steps: providing a basic shape of a preferably one-piece base body of a separate intermediate element set up for wear-reducing or wear-preventing arrangement between the axle and axle holder, introducing at least one structured surface set up for positive and optionally also non-positive support against axial relative movement in at least one surface section at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement by laser structuring or optionally also introducing at least one structured surface by chemical structuring or optionally also cold welding for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion, in particular at least on the inside of the axis and optionally also on other axial sections and / or lateral surfaces, and optionally also Introducing at least one structured surface designed for positive support against axial relative
- the aforementioned object is also achieved by using an intermediate element arrangement in an industrial transmission between an axle and an axle holder for supporting the axle, namely in a planetary gear (for example in a planetary gear stage with a comparatively high number of planets), with at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement with at least one outer lateral surface set up for positive locking, which has a positive locking contour in at least one outer lateral surface section, comes into positive contact in the axle holder, wherein at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement with at least one inner lateral surface set up for frictional connection, which has a non-positively acting laser-structured structure in at least one inner lateral surface section , comes to rest non-positively/frictionally on the axle, in particular with the intermediate element arrangement comprising at least one intermediate element in the form of a sleeve or shaped bushing, each with a contact surface, in particular for existing and installed gear Z components, in particular in at least one planetary gear stage of a drive train of a wind turbine, in particular by appropriate use
- the aforementioned object is also achieved by using at least one intermediate element of an intermediate element arrangement in an industrial gear in the form of a planetary gear (for example in a planetary gear stage with a comparatively high number of planets) between an axle and an axle holder for supporting the axle, in particular in one or two axial sections between planetary axes and a planet carrier of the planetary gear, wherein the at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement with at least one outer lateral surface set up for positive locking, which has a particularly sawtooth or fine thread-like positive locking contour in at least one outer lateral surface section and has a relatively greater hardness than the axle receptacle, in a form-fitting manner the Axle mount is seated, wherein the at least one intermediate element with at least one inner lateral surface set up for frictional connection, which has a non-positively acting laser-structured structure in at least one inner lateral surface section, sits non-positively/frictionally on the axle, the at least one intermediate element preferably being thermally and/
- the present invention relates to an industrial transmission having at least one axle and at least one axle holder for axially fixed mounting of the axle, the axle being axially fixed in at least one axial section in the axle holder; wherein an intermediate element arrangement is provided between the axle mount and the axle, acting in/in the at least one axial section, which is mounted in an axially fixed and axial force transmitting manner between the axle and the axle mount, and which has a laser-structured surface in at least one surface portion on the side of the axle and/or on the side of the axle mount and thereby is set up for at least essentially non-positive and optionally also positive support against axial displacement, in which case a conical press fit or the like can also be provided to achieve a positive connection that is ensured on a macroscopic level.
- the present invention also relates to corresponding intermediate elements with laser-structured surfaces for such an intermediate element arrangement as well as manufacturing methods therefor and their use in planetary gears or
- Figures 2A to 2F show views of components of an industrial transmission or an intermediate element arrangement used therein according to an exemplary embodiment
- Figures 3A to 3C show views of components of an industrial transmission or of an intermediate element arrangement used therein according to a further embodiment
- Figures 4 and 5 each show a sectioned side view of components of an industrial transmission with a wear-preventing intermediate element arrangement according to further exemplary embodiments;
- Figures 6A, 6B views of components of an industrial transmission or an intermediate element arrangement used therein according to a further exemplary embodiment
- Figures 7A to 7E show a perspective view and three side views of components of an industrial transmission or an intermediate element arrangement implemented therein according to a further exemplary embodiment
- Figure 8 shows individual steps of a method for producing an intermediate element arrangement according to exemplary embodiments
- An intermediate element arrangement 10 comprising at least one intermediate element 10a with structured surfaces 10.1, namely at least one radially outward surface section 10.1a (in particular a structured outer circumferential surface) and at least one surface section 10.1b lying inward in the radial direction (r) (in particular a structured inner circumferential surface), wherein the structured surfaces 10.1 comprise form-fitting sections 10.3a (at least one) and force-fitting sections 10.3b (at least one).
- the structured surfaces 10.1 can ensure an axially fixed positive/non-positive connection 20 between the axle and the axle mount in an arrangement of the (respective) intermediate element 10a installed between an axle 101 and an axle mount 103 in the axial direction (x), for example in an industrial gear 100 comprising at least one planetary gear stage, in particular in an arrangement between corresponding planetary axes and planet carrier bores.
- very effective wear protection can also be provided in a comparatively simple manner, in particular at the interface between a planet carrier 105 and the planet gears 107 that are guided in rotation in a planetary ring gear 109, whereby this wear protection can also be customized comparatively easily and variably for specific areas of application.
- the respective intermediate element has a form-fitting structured surface with a comparatively coarse shape/structure in at least one outer surface section (in particular on an outer lateral surface), i.e. on the side of the axle mount (in particular sawtooth profile against axial migration, or a type of fine thread contour), which preferably has a greater hardness than the corresponding surface of the axle holder, and in at least one inner surface section (particularly on an inner lateral surface), i.e.
- a non-positive structured surface has a comparatively fine laser structure (and optionally also chemically structured and / or cold welded, in particular for micro- and / or nanostructure adhesion, in particular on further axial sections and / or lateral surfaces).
- the respective intermediate element can be provided in particular in one of the following configurations (which can be combined with one another if there are several axial sections XI, particularly conically shaped.
- the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of a sleeve 11, in particular as a slotted sleeve comprising at least one slot 11.1.
- a contact surface or disk 12 can also be provided on the sleeve, in particular with at least one plain bearing-coated surface or end face 12.1 and/or with radial slots or similar recesses 12.3.
- the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of an L-shaped molded bushing 13, in particular with an inner (groove) nut 14.1 and/or in combination with a cone 14.3 (conical axle seat, in particular with two axial sections XI, X2 each provided with an intermediate element).
- the L-shaped molded bushing preferably has at least one surface 13.1 or end face coated with a plain bearing.
- the molded bushing can also be provided with an inner (groove) nut, optionally also in combination with a cone, largely independently of the geometry selected in the individual case.
- the intermediate element 10a is provided in the form of an intermediate axle sleeve 15 (in particular conically shaped), or as an axle dowel or axle anchor, the structured surfaces being provided both on one/the inside and on one/the outside and with a positive fit acting surface structure is provided, in particular in the manner of a double-sided multi-conical sawtooth profiling, with a relatively finer structure preferably both inside and outside comprising a non-positively acting surface structure with an increased coefficient of static friction, in particular by laser structuring and optionally also by chemical structuring and / or cold welding for micro- and/or nanostructure adhesion is provided, in particular on further axial sections and/or lateral surfaces.
- a conically shaped intermediate axle sleeve with a spherical comb profile is provided.
- both or only one of the at least two adjacent lateral surfaces of the axle are surface-structured, i.e. either the inner lateral surface of the intermediate element or the (outer) lateral surface of the axle.
- the present invention is also related to a manufacturing process relating to individual intermediate elements (in particular the types described in detail here) or an intermediate element arrangement or a wear-reduced industrial gearbox equipped therewith.
- a basic shape or a preferably one-piece base body of an intermediate element 10a (which can be provided separately) is provided, which, in particular due to the material and / or the hardness and the structuring to be carried out on it, is set up for a wear-reducing or wear-preventing arrangement between the axle and Axle mount.
- a form-fitting structure is introduced into at least one external surface section 10.1a, in particular through Sawtooth profiling or fine thread cutting.
- a force-fitting structure is introduced into at least one internal surface section 10.1b, in particular by laser structuring and/or by chemical structuring and/or cold welding for micro- and/or nanostructure adhesion (chemical structuring and/or cold welding in particular also on). further axial sections and/or lateral surfaces).
- a desired intermediate element can be provided and, for example, mounted between the axle and the axle mount using the steps mentioned elsewhere here, for example in transmissions that have already been installed or operated.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary application/use of the intermediate element arrangement 10 according to the invention (here a single intermediate element 10a is indicated as an example at one of the ends of the axle), with reference to a planet carrier 105 with an axle mount 103 and axially fixed thereto in one or two axial sections mounted planetary axes 101.
- the respective planetary gear 107 is held at a predefined axial position by means of the planetary carrier 105 and is guided in a rotating manner in the planetary ring gear 109.
- different exemplary embodiments are shown, which can also be implemented, for example, in a transmission or an installation situation as shown in FIG. 1, either at one or both axle ends or contact areas between the axle and the axle mount.
- the installation situation can also be chosen differently, for example in a different location or in a different type of gearbox.
- an embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 is illustrated as a slotted sleeve:
- the intermediate element 10a is in the form of a sleeve with an externally positive surface (in particular a sawtooth profile or fine thread) and is against the (axial) ejection direction between the axis and axle mount anchored, with the sleeve preferably being hardened or nitrided.
- the outer surface of the sleeve can press into the axle mount (e.g. cast hole) and provide wear protection for the axle mount (e.g. for a planet carrier made of cast material, or for a cast iron beam).
- a non-positive press fit is provided on the inner surface of the sleeve on the axis side, with a preferably laser-structured surface, the surface preferably being martensitic hard.
- the intermediate element 10a provides at least one at least essentially positive connection on the radially outer contact surface and at least one at least substantially non-positive connection on the radially inner contact surface with a high coefficient of friction (in particular laser-structured inner surface).
- the sleeve consists, for example, of sheet metal material (bent) or is manufactured as a sleeve, whereby the position tolerance of the axle connection can remain at least approximately identical.
- 2A shows an intermediate element arrangement 10 comprising two intermediate elements 10a designed as a sleeve 11 (or based on the basic shape of a sleeve) in two different axial sections at the two ends of one/of the planetary axis.
- 2B shows a detailed view of one of the two axial sections mounted to reduce wear.
- 2C illustrates a surface structure of an outer lateral surface of the corresponding intermediate element 10a, namely a sawtooth profile with a larger/stronger positive fit to the left than to the right (i.e. force directed to the left when looking at FIG. 2C).
- 2D shows a first exemplary embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element, the intermediate element having a slot 11.1 or being continuously slotted in the axial direction.
- FIG. 2E A further exemplary embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element is shown in FIG. 2E.
- 2F shows a further exemplary embodiment of a sleeve-like intermediate element, in which the structured outer surface is only present over a section (approx. 50%) of the absolute length of the outer lateral surface, namely in a section that is further axially inner when arranged around the axis as intended.
- the intermediate element 10a is in the form of a sleeve with an externally positive surface (in particular a sawtooth profile or fine thread) and is against the (axial) ejection direction anchored between the axle and axle mount, with the sleeve preferably being hardened or nitrided.
- the outer surface of the sleeve can press into the axle mount (e.g. cast bore) and provide wear protection for the axle mount (e.g. for a planet carrier Cast material, or for a cast support).
- the front side of the sleeve is preferably coated with plain bearings.
- a non-positive press fit is provided on the inner surface of the sleeve on the axis side, with a preferably laser-structured surface, the surface preferably being martensitic hard.
- the sleeve can be in a slotted form and fulfill a variety of functions, in particular positive wear protection on the axle holder (e.g. cast iron support) and the provision of carrier material for laser or deposition welding of a starting contour.
- precision machining can be omitted, particularly with regard to a wrench size on the starting contour and the axle mount (only a flat mirror surface), and an arrangement that is secured against rotation can be provided in a comparatively simple manner.
- 3A illustrates an embodiment with two sleeves installed in mirror image to one another with an integrated contact surface.
- 3B shows in detail the structured outer surface 10.la (present at least approximately the entire length) and the contact surface section 12, the contact surface section having at least one end face 12.1 coated with plain bearings and a plurality of radial slots 12.3 with relief bores.
- 3C illustrates a surface structure of an outer lateral surface of the corresponding intermediate element 10a, namely a sawtooth profile with a larger/stronger positive fit to the left than to the right.
- the design of the respective intermediate element 10a described here as a sleeve can also be arranged in the manner of a clamp connection between the axle and the axle mount.
- the shaped bushing with slotted nut 14.1 has a form-fitting outer surface (in particular with a sawtooth profd or fine thread) and is secured against the axial ejection direction and preferably consists of hardened or nitrided material.
- the outer surface of the L-shaped shaped bushing can press into the axle mount (e.g. cast hole) and provide very effective wear protection for the axle mount (e.g. for a planet carrier made of cast material or for a cast iron carrier).
- one/the end face is coated in the manner or with regard to the functionality of a thrust washer (in particular in the manner of a plain bearing coating).
- a locking ring on the axle can also be omitted.
- An axial load can be transmitted to at least one internal surface by frictional connection (preferably by means of a laser structure, in particular sawtooth-like), whereby axial securing can be carried out by an internal locknut in the molded bushing.
- the axle can be pretensioned hydraulically or pulled.
- a slotted configuration can be provided in conjunction with a conical bore, with the respective approach contour preferably having a spherical profile to effectively prevent plastic deformation.
- Fig. 5 shows a design of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as an L-shaped molded bush in combination with a cone 14.3:
- the cone can be designed to be self-locking or can be secured against being pulled out/wandered by an appropriate lock.
- a corresponding ring can be slotted in the manner of a circlip.
- a relief groove can optionally be provided.
- the design according to Fig. 5 also illustrates that the present invention can be optimized in a comparatively variable manner for specific applications, depending on different requirements for an axial lock or the ability to transmit comparatively high axial loads.
- an embodiment of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 is illustrated as a conically shaped intermediate axle sleeve 15:
- the intermediate axle sleeve (according to the present disclosure also referred to as an axle dowel or axle anchor, the term “dowel” here referring in particular to the form-fitting contour should), especially in a slightly conical design, can lead to a local plastic deformation of the axle holder or carrier hole by turning in the axle and spread the material of the intermediate axle sleeve or the dowel material.
- there is a positive connection primarily between the axle holder and the axle sleeve/dowel i.e.
- the intermediate element still acts mainly in a non-positive or frictional manner (in particular both inside and outside), with the radial forces at the bore ends preferably decreasing steadily (preferably crowned comb profile, comb tips smoothed), whereby a locking ring can be omitted, and whereby the axle clamping can be advantageously extended.
- the axle dowel 15 can also be thickened on one side in order to compensate for positional tolerances of the support holes through orientation during assembly.
- the coefficient of friction can also be increased by laser structuring or optionally also by chemical structuring and/or cold welding for micro- and/or nanostructure adhesion, optionally also in combination with knurling or shaping according to knurling (e.g. by milling, embossing, pressing).
- the proportional static friction force can be advantageously increased, whereby an advantageously high compressive strength of the carrier material can also be exploited.
- the dowel 15 can optionally also be slotted or segmented.
- the material of the eight-coaming is preferably hardened or nitrided, optionally with or without a coating that makes installation easier.
- the holes can be opened inductively or by cold joining, for example.
- the axle ends can, for example, be designed with a straight cylindrical, conical or helical profile.
- FIGs 7A to 7E a design of at least one intermediate element 10a of the intermediate element arrangement 10 as a sleeve 11 with an integrated starting contour 12 is illustrated in different views of the installation situation:
- the axle mount 103 is shown.
- the at least one intermediate element 10a is shown in a highly magnified manner in the intended arrangement between the axle and the axle mount.
- the axle and the axle mount are visible over the entire thickness of the axle.
- a/the external surface structure 10.1a with a surface section 10.3a of the at least one intermediate element of the intermediate element arrangement set up for positive locking is shown in detail.
- Step S1 Providing a basic shape or a basic body of a separate intermediate element
- Step S2 Introduction of a form-fitting structure
- Step S3 Introduction of a force-fitting structure
- Step S4 Assembly of the respective intermediate element.
- the manufacturing process can optionally include steps S1 to S3 or all steps S1 to S4, depending on whether the manufacturing process is only that individual intermediate elements 10a or the entire intermediate element arrangement 10 or the corresponding industrial gear 100.
- Axle mount e.g. cast bore, especially planet carrier bore
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22196298.8A EP4339489A1 (de) | 2022-09-19 | 2022-09-19 | Industriegetriebe mit verschleissmindernder zwischenelementanordnung sowie verfahren und verwendung |
| PCT/EP2023/075768 WO2024061884A1 (de) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Industriegetriebe in ausgestaltung als planetengetriebe mit zwischenelementanordnung sowie verfahren und verwendung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4590986A1 true EP4590986A1 (de) | 2025-07-30 |
Family
ID=83362581
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22196298.8A Withdrawn EP4339489A1 (de) | 2022-09-19 | 2022-09-19 | Industriegetriebe mit verschleissmindernder zwischenelementanordnung sowie verfahren und verwendung |
| EP23775992.3A Pending EP4590986A1 (de) | 2022-09-19 | 2023-09-19 | Industriegetriebe in ausgestaltung als planetengetriebe mit zwischenelementanordnung sowie verfahren und verwendung |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22196298.8A Withdrawn EP4339489A1 (de) | 2022-09-19 | 2022-09-19 | Industriegetriebe mit verschleissmindernder zwischenelementanordnung sowie verfahren und verwendung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260055808A1 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP4339489A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119895179A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024061884A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2364319T3 (es) * | 2007-12-20 | 2011-08-31 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Etapa de engranajes epicíclicos para una caja de engranajes de turbina eólica, caja de engranajes de turbina eólica y turbina eólica. |
| DE102011005408B4 (de) * | 2011-03-11 | 2014-02-13 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fügeverbindung in einer Pumpe oder eines Nockenwellen-Phasenstellers |
| DE102011087568A1 (de) * | 2011-12-01 | 2013-06-06 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Bolzenlagerung mit Absatz |
| DE102012223241A1 (de) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Planetentrieb und Planetendifferenzial mit dem Planetentrieb |
| US20150105212A1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-04-16 | Caterpillar Inc. | System and method for salvaging a pin-bore assembly |
-
2022
- 2022-09-19 EP EP22196298.8A patent/EP4339489A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-09-19 US US19/104,966 patent/US20260055808A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-19 CN CN202380067292.8A patent/CN119895179A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-19 EP EP23775992.3A patent/EP4590986A1/de active Pending
- 2023-09-19 WO PCT/EP2023/075768 patent/WO2024061884A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20260055808A1 (en) | 2026-02-26 |
| CN119895179A (zh) | 2025-04-25 |
| EP4339489A1 (de) | 2024-03-20 |
| WO2024061884A1 (de) | 2024-03-28 |
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