EP4587202A1 - Procédé d'ouverture et de décharge d'un générateur électrochimique - Google Patents
Procédé d'ouverture et de décharge d'un générateur électrochimiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4587202A1 EP4587202A1 EP23783484.1A EP23783484A EP4587202A1 EP 4587202 A1 EP4587202 A1 EP 4587202A1 EP 23783484 A EP23783484 A EP 23783484A EP 4587202 A1 EP4587202 A1 EP 4587202A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- electrochemical
- opening
- discharge
- electrochemical generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/70—Chemical treatment, e.g. pH adjustment or oxidation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/15—Electronic waste
- B09B2101/16—Batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention is particularly interesting for the recycling of electrochemical systems, of the accumulator or battery type, treated separately or as a mixture, and in particular for the recycling of batteries and accumulators of the Li-lon, Na-lon, or Lithium-metal type.
- An electrochemical generator is an electricity generating device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. These may be, for example, batteries or accumulators.
- a lithium-ion battery includes an anode, a cathode, a separator, an electrolyte and a housing.
- the anode is formed from graphite mixed with a PVDF type binder deposited on a copper foil and the cathode is a lithium insertion material metallic (for example, LiCoO2, LiMnO2, LiNiO2, LiNixCoi- x 02 with O ⁇ x ⁇ l, LisNiMnCoOe, or LiFePO/i) mixed with a binder and deposited on aluminum foil.
- a lithium insertion material metallic for example, LiCoO2, LiMnO2, LiNiO2, LiNixCoi- x 02 with O ⁇ x ⁇ l, LisNiMnCoOe, or LiFePO/i
- the electrolyte is a mixture of non-aqueous solvents and lithium salts, and, optionally, additives to slow down side reactions.
- the battery recycling process includes several stages:
- pre-treatment step including a dismantling phase and a safety phase
- electrolyte leaks, a toxic, flammable and corrosive product, in liquid but also gaseous form.
- the vapors thus generated and mixed with air can then form an explosive atmosphere (ATEX). It is likely to ignite on contact with an ignition source of the type spark or a hot surface. This then results in an explosion causing thermal effects and pressure effects.
- electrolyte salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPFe, lithium tetrafluoborate Li BF4, lithium perchlorate UCIO4, lithium hexafluoroarsenate LiAsFe can release particularly toxic and corrosive fumes containing phosphorus, fluorine and/or lithium.
- hydrofluoric acid (HF) hydrofluoric acid
- the different opening processes are based on steps including, for example, incineration, immersion in liquid nitrogen, immersion of the battery in brines (salt water) or even opening under atmosphere inert.
- thermal processes pose major problems with gas emissions, particularly greenhouse gases, and generate gases that are harmful and dangerous for humans and the environment.
- thermal energy required and the gas treatment have a strong impact on the economic balance of the processes.
- the electrochemical shuttle can either be initially present in the second solution or added, for example after contacting the electrochemical generator with the second solution.
- the first deep eutectic solvent and the second deep eutectic solvent may be identical or different.
- the cutting element is a grinder disk or a cutting wire.
- the first stage takes place in an opening zone (or cutting zone) and the second stage takes place in a discharge zone.
- the cutting zone is distinct from the discharge zone.
- the liquid jet or spraying is stopped and then the electrochemical generator is moved to the discharge zone.
- the discharge does not cause damage to objects and does not consume reagents.
- the discharge being controlled by the nature of the components of the ionic liquid solution, the discharge can be extremely rapid (for example less than 1h).
- the discharge can be extremely rapid (for example less than 1h).
- do not use heat treatment which avoids problems linked to the emission of gases (for example greenhouse gases or any other gas that is harmful and dangerous for humans and the environment), particularly concerning their treatment, and reduces the financial and energy costs of the process,
- FIG. 1 represents, schematically and in section, the diagram of an installation for implementing the method, according to a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 is a graph representing a curve for monitoring the voltage and temperature of a generator before implementing the method, after opening and after unloading the generator according to a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a graph representing a voltage and temperature monitoring curve for a process with both cutting and discharge by immersion in the discharge liquid
- FIG. 4 is a graph representing a voltage and temperature monitoring curve for a process with cutting under spraying of reactive liquid (first solution) then waiting under air, and finally discharge by immersion in reactive liquid (second solution), according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
- the electrochemical generator is, for example an accumulator, cells or a battery comprising several accumulators (also called storage batteries), connected in series or in parallel, depending on the nominal operating voltage and/or the quantity of energy to be supplied, to a battery module, or even to an electric cell.
- accumulators also called storage batteries
- it may be a Li-lon accumulator.
- the opening and discharge process concerns all electrochemical systems of the accumulator or battery type treated separately or as a mixture.
- These different electrochemical devices can be of the metal-ion type, for example lithium-ion or sodium-ion, or of the Li-metal type, etc.
- It can also be a primary system such as Li/Mn ⁇ 2, or even a flow battery (“Redox Flow Battery”).
- the generator may comprise several electrochemical cells, each cell comprising a first electrode, here the anode, and a second electrode, here the cathode, a separator and an electrolyte. According to another embodiment, the first electrode and the second electrode could be reversed.
- the cathode is a lithium ion insertion material for a Li-ion battery. It may be a lamellar oxide of the LiMO2 type, a LiMPO4 phosphate with an olivine structure or even a spinel compound LiMn2O4, with M representing a transition metal.
- a positive electrode made of LiCoÜ2, LiMnO2, LiNiO2, LisNiMnCoOe, LiNi x Coi- x O2 (with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ l) or LiFePO4.
- the insert material can be mixed with a polyvinylidene fluoride binder and deposited on aluminum foil.
- the electrolyte comprises lithium salts (LiPFe, LiBF4, LiCI ⁇ 4 for example) or sodium salts (NsNa for example), depending on the battery technology chosen, solubilized in a mixture of non-aqueous solvents.
- the mixture of solvents is, for example, a binary or ternary mixture.
- the solvents are, for example, chosen from solvents based on cyclic carbonates (ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate), linear or branched (dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate). , dimethoxyethane) in various proportions.
- the method of opening and discharging the electrochemical generator comprises the following steps:
- the inert liquid contributes to maintaining a controlled atmosphere (air, water) and plays the role of cutting fluid (lubrication and cooling of the cutting zone).
- the opening step can be associated with a gas atmosphere control system (inert atmosphere or correctly sized extraction system) allowing control of the oxygen content.
- a gas atmosphere control system inert atmosphere or correctly sized extraction system
- the whole is secure (with respect to the fire triangle) and allows the opening of the batteries and accumulators while managing the production of gas induced by the opening of the cells.
- the discharge step (second step) is carried out at a second zone called the discharge zone (zone Z2 in Figure 1).
- an intermediate step is carried out during which the electrochemical generator is moved from the first zone ZI to the second zone Z2.
- it may involve moving the electrochemical generator from the zone ZI containing the spraying means 30 to a tank 50.
- This intermediate step is preferably carried out in air.
- the second step is preferably carried out under air. It is also, advantageously, carried out at atmospheric pressure.
- the generator 10 is partially or totally immersed in the second solution. Discharge by immersion in liquid causes chemical reactions.
- the discharge is carried out in a device 50 containing the second solution 200.
- a device 50 containing the second solution 200 For example, it is carried out in a tank.
- the thermal energy absorbed during the resistive discharge process can be recovered with a heat exchanger.
- the temperature of the bath in which the accumulator is immersed does not exceed 60°C, to avoid internal degradation reactions of the battery electrolyte. The process makes it possible to avoid a runaway process leading to degradation and/or explosion.
- a tool having, for example, a resistance typically greater than 100 m ⁇ , for example from 100 m ⁇ to 1 k ⁇ .
- the electrical conductivity of the cutting element will be an average conductivity seen by the sample to be cut which will depend on the proportion of insulating zones and conductive zones, the speed of rotation, the speed of advancement of the grinding wheel, etc. .
- Resistance is the average resistance of the cutting element. At least the part of the cutting element intended to penetrate the sample to cut it has such resistance. Resistance can be measured with a multimeter by putting a sample between two identical conductive plates.
- the technologies to be favored are those which avoid excessive deformation (crushing, spreading of materials on neighboring materials, etc.) which would lead to a clear and uncontrolled short circuit leading to thermal runaway and the explosion of the cells. .
- cutting tool is meant a tool capable of grinding, but preferably cutting the material in order to fully or partially open the object in the presence of a liquid making it possible to cool the zone subjected to mechanical heating.
- the non-electrically conductive penetrating tool which in a non-exhaustive manner can be: a guillotine type tool (blades), a saw (circular, band), a wire, a tool for cutting by ultrasonic, by drilling, by abrasion with a liquid jet (including non-conductive abrasive particles). It can also be non-conductive, cutting or micro-cutting knives.
- the element of cutting is a cutting wire, a grinder wheel, a circular saw blade (also called a disk) or a saw band.
- the operation is carried out in the presence of the first solution 100 which avoids heating and the ignition of a reaction with the organic electrolyte of the accumulator and the air which could lead to flames or an explosion.
- the cutting element 20 comprises a base support conferring mechanical properties to the cutting element.
- the base support may be electrically conductive or electrically insulating.
- the base support can be metallic, resinoid or rubber type.
- the base support is covered by abrasive zones.
- the abrasive zones have a hardness adapted to the object and the material to be treated.
- the abrasive zones are, for example, sandstone, emery, diamond, silicon carbide and/or alumina.
- the abrasive zones are formed of abrasive grains.
- the base support is covered by abrasive zones and electrically conductive zones.
- the abrasive zones confer the mechanical properties to the tool and electrically conductive zones confer the electrical properties to the tool.
- the electrically conductive zones are, for example, formed by electrically conductive grains.
- the electrically conductive zones are, for example, made of a metal or a metal alloy.
- it may be copper, iron, steel and/or aluminum more generally an electrical conductor.
- the electrically conductive zones can be formed of metallic grains or metallic wires.
- the abrasive grains and/or the electrically conductive grains are preferably particles having a size ranging, for example, from a few micrometers to a few centimeters.
- the abrasive grains and/or the electrically conductive grains are advantageously held mechanically to the support by a binder.
- the binder can be a resin, rubber, silicate, clay, or even a ceramic.
- the abrasive zones and/or the electrically conductive zones can be distributed regularly or randomly on the support.
- the abrasive zones and/or the electrically conductive zones may be continuous or discontinuous.
- the opening of the electrochemical generator is carried out by abrasion using a wire.
- the wire comprises a solid base, in wire shape, conferring mechanical properties.
- the abrasive properties are conferred by the addition of abrasive grains of hardness adapted to the object and the material to be treated.
- the opening of the electrochemical generator is carried out by abrasion using a grinder.
- the grinder disc includes a circular base support.
- the support comprises a first main face and a second main face parallel to each other as well as a side face (also called edge) connecting the two main faces.
- the backing can be metallic, resinoid or rubber type.
- the support is advantageously covered by electrically insulating abrasive zones and by electrically conductive zones.
- a grinding wheel comprising abrasive zones (preferably abrasive grains) and electrically conductive zones (preferably electrically conductive wires or grains).
- the abrasive zones and the electrically conductive zones are, for example, distributed randomly.
- Abrasive zones and electrically conductive zones can be distributed in a controlled manner.
- the abrasive zones and the electrically conductive zones are arranged in a controlled manner in order to form an alternation of abrasive zones and non-abrasive zones.
- the conductive zones can be distributed concentrically with respect to the center of the grinding wheel disc.
- the conductive zones can be arranged along one or more radii or along one or more diameters, randomly or not.
- the conductive zones can only be arranged on the perimeter of the grinding wheel disc.
- the electrically conductive zones are arranged on the edge of the grinding wheel disc.
- alternation of abrasive zones and conductive zones can be obtained thanks to coatings produced by thin layer deposition techniques, for example, by physical vapor deposition (or PVD for “physical vapor deposition”). ), by atomic layer deposition (ALD), by chemical vapor deposition (or CVD), by spin-coating or by coating techniques such as dip-coating.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- spin-coating or by coating techniques such as dip-coating.
- the appropriate electrical resistance can also be provided by means of a conductive fabric deposited on the external faces of the cutting tool, thus making it possible to dissociate the mechanical properties (abrasion, controlled hardness given by the abrasive grains contained in the resin). ) and the electrical properties (adapted resistance, given by the external fabric).
- the electrical resistances can also be modulated via the cutting fluid and the operating conditions (temperature, fluid viscosity, abrasion speed, fluid renewal, etc.).
- the first solution 100 promotes the cooling of the electrochemical generator 10 and allows calories to be evacuated during the opening process. To do this, the first solution 100 can optionally be cooled. The first solution can be sprayed/injected onto the opening area and/or several areas of the generator electrochemical 10. It can be sprayed/injected so as to completely cover the electrochemical generator 10.
- the first solution is a liquid which can be reactive.
- the introduction of a reactive species will start the discharge of the object during opening.
- a slightly reactive liquid will be preferred to reduce the reactivity during the first phase.
- the function of the first solution is to avoid discharge to stabilize the object.
- the first solution advantageously has a resistance greater than 10 Ohms, preferably greater than 100 Ohms and even more advantageously the first solution is not ionic conductive (this is the case of pure water and many organic solvents which do not have ions initially in solution). Therefore, the ohmic drop avoids degradation of the solvent and reactivity with the electrochemical generator 10. This is particularly favorable for avoiding/reducing degradation for the treatment of the electrochemical generator 10 with high voltages (typically greater than 12 V).
- the nature of the liquid is defined to limit the discharge of the accumulators, so as to control the reactivity of the accumulators.
- the absence or very low reactivity ensures control of the object which facilitates its movement under the atmosphere and the time to move it safely.
- the opening liquid is by nature less complex (nature of the constituents), and less expensive, so that its pollution inherent to the opening of batteries (leakage of battery electrolyte into the liquid) is less impactful for the process.
- the first solution is biodegradable, inexpensive and/or has low volatility.
- it does not generate pollution for the second solution.
- the liquid used will be low viscosity to facilitate the filtration of fines/opening particles.
- the first solution 100 is chosen from the following solutions:
- ionic liquid we mean the association comprising at least one cation and one anion which generates a liquid with a melting temperature lower than or close to 100°C.
- Deep eutectic solvent or DES for 'deep eutectic solvent'
- the term DES is used for media that differ from ionic liquid media.
- Deep eutectic solvents are formed by mixing two or more compounds in an exact proportion that corresponds to the eutectic point. The melting point is considerably lower than the melting point of each component and allows the mixture to be liquid at room temperature. Most of these solvents are liquid at room temperature, making them easier to use.
- the synthesis of DES is easy and clean compared to that of ionic liquids which need several steps of chemical synthesis and purification. It involves a simple mixing of the products making up the DES in the right proportion with heating, until a homogeneous and transparent liquid is obtained. These components are a pair of a hydrogen bond donor and an acceptor of this bond.
- the first solution 100 may comprise a DES constituent.
- the liquid component of the DES which composes it and which is the hydrogen bond donor This must absolutely be a liquid.
- it is a liquid that is not very viscous and not or very poorly conductive.
- the first solution advantageously comprises ethylene glycol.
- Ethylene glycol is a liquid component, not an ionic conductor, having a low vapor pressure and a very low viscosity which is a constituent of Ethaline.
- propylene glycol could be used.
- the first solution can consist of the liquid phase (water, solvent, ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent).
- the first solution 100 may also include an electrochemical shuttle.
- the electrochemical shuttle also called redox mediator or redox couple
- redox mediator is an oxidant/reducer couple (Ox/Red) in solution whose oxidant can be reduced on the anode (negative electrode) and the reductant can be oxidized on the cathode ( positive electrode).
- Ox/Red oxidant/reducer couple
- the oxidation of the reductant and the reduction of the oxidant make it possible to form new oxidant/reductant species and/or to regenerate the species initially present in solution.
- the process is economical since the redox couple in solution ensures both and simultaneously the redox reactions at the electrodes/terminals of the electrochemical generator, so that the reagent consumption is zero; the solution can be used to open (or discharge if used during the second stage) several electrochemical generators.
- the electrochemical generator When the electrochemical generator opens, they will react with the internal components, so as to reduce the potential difference between the electrodes (anode and cathode). This internal discharge also contributes to the safety of the electrochemical generator by reducing the chemical energy of the electrodes (and therefore the potential difference) and by reducing the internal short circuit effect.
- the redox species couple is a metallic couple, preferably chosen from Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ , Co 2+ /Co 3+ , Cr 2+ /Cr 3+ , Cr 3+ /Cr 6+ , V 2+ /V 3+ , V 4+ /V 5+ , Sn 2+ /Sn 4+ , Ag + /Ag 2+ , Cu + /Cu 2+ , Ru 4+ /Ru 8+ or Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ , a pair of organic molecules, a pair of metallocenes such as Fc/Fc + , or a pair of halogenated molecules such as for example Cl 2 /C
- the first solution consists of the liquid phase mixed with the electrochemical shuttle.
- choline chloride can be replaced by betaine.
- the shuttle will initially be present in the second solution 200 or added later in the second solution 200.
- the electrochemical shuttle can be used to secure several electrochemical generators successively and/or mixed.
- the second solution 200 can be stirred.
- the first solution 100 and/or the second solution 200 may also comprise one or more active species.
- the active species(s) are, for example, chosen from an extinguishing agent, a flame retardant aimed at preventing runaway thermal, an agent which secures the accumulator (electrochemical shuttle or redox mediator), a salt stabilizer, viscosity, solubility, hydrophobicity, conductivity.
- Example 1 Opening of a cell in an ethylene glycol medium and discharge in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol medium
- the cell under an uncontrolled atmosphere (ambient air), is subjected to a grinding type cutting which is carried out using a resinoid grinding wheel containing an abrasive (AI2O3).
- the cutting fluid (or first solution 100) is ethylene glycol (EG).
- EG ethylene glycol
- This liquid is non-conductive and has a viscosity of 18 cP.
- the EG fluid is sprayed onto the cutting zone with a flow rate of 10 L/min.
- the opening action of the grinding wheel creates a notch of approximately 5 cm 2 with a thickness of 500 ⁇ m.
- the cutting operation is carried out over a period of 4 minutes, then the cutting is stopped as well as the jet/spraying of liquid.
- This technique not only makes it possible to open the cell without generating an explosion but also to stabilize the cell under atmospheric conditions for its movement, also under air. Then it is possible to discharge the cell by the use of a discharge fluid.
- Example 2 Opening a module in a choline chloride and ethylene glycol medium and also discharging in a choline chloride and ethylene glycol medium
- An NMC Chemistry Li-ion module has a module capacity of 125 Ah, a module voltage of 16.6 V and each cell in the module is 100% charged (initially at 3.7 V).
- the module is in an uncontrolled atmosphere (ambient air) and is subjected to a grinding type cutting carried out using a resinoid grinding wheel containing AI2O3 abrasive.
- the cutting fluid (first solution 100) is a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol in a 1:3 molar ratio with the addition of an electrochemical shuttle of the iron chloride type.
- the fluid is sprayed onto the cutting zone with a flow rate of 10 L/min.
- the opening action of the grinding wheel creates a notch of approximately 5 cm 2 with a thickness of 500 ⁇ m.
- the cutting operation is carried out over a period of 5 minutes, then the cutting is stopped as well as the spraying of liquid.
- FIG 4 shows that the module voltage gradually decreases during the cutting phase and the stopping of the jet (noted waiting phase under air).
- the shutdown phase was deliberately extended to 15 minutes to highlight the evolution of the temperature in air over a significant period of time.
- the measurement of the module temperature indicates a sufficiently low temperature rise to allow treatment without explosion or ignition, after stopping the spraying of discharge liquid, with an ambient atmosphere (under air).
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2209119A FR3139580A1 (fr) | 2022-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Procede d’ouverture et de decharge d’un generateur electrochimique |
| PCT/FR2023/051373 WO2024056962A1 (fr) | 2022-09-12 | 2023-09-11 | Procédé d'ouverture et de décharge d'un générateur électrochimique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4587202A1 true EP4587202A1 (fr) | 2025-07-23 |
Family
ID=84569348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23783484.1A Pending EP4587202A1 (fr) | 2022-09-12 | 2023-09-11 | Procédé d'ouverture et de décharge d'un générateur électrochimique |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4587202A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025530313A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20250067881A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119998057A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3266810A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3139580A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024056962A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9620790B2 (en) * | 2013-10-28 | 2017-04-11 | Energizer Brands, Llc | Method for dismantling a battery cell using fluid jets |
| KR102671485B1 (ko) * | 2018-10-18 | 2024-05-30 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 폐전지로부터의 금속 회수 방법 및 시스템 |
| FR3096179B1 (fr) | 2019-05-15 | 2021-06-11 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de broyage d’un generateur electrochimique |
| FR3096178B1 (fr) | 2019-05-15 | 2021-06-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de neutralisation d’un generateur electrochimique |
| CN110690520A (zh) * | 2019-10-12 | 2020-01-14 | 浙江华友循环科技有限公司 | 锂电池模组的切割拆解设备及其切割拆解工艺 |
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2022
- 2022-09-12 FR FR2209119A patent/FR3139580A1/fr active Pending
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2023
- 2023-09-11 WO PCT/FR2023/051373 patent/WO2024056962A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-11 CN CN202380070205.4A patent/CN119998057A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-11 EP EP23783484.1A patent/EP4587202A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-09-11 KR KR1020257011804A patent/KR20250067881A/ko active Pending
- 2023-09-11 CA CA3266810A patent/CA3266810A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-09-11 JP JP2025514820A patent/JP2025530313A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3266810A1 (fr) | 2024-03-21 |
| WO2024056962A1 (fr) | 2024-03-21 |
| CN119998057A (zh) | 2025-05-13 |
| JP2025530313A (ja) | 2025-09-11 |
| KR20250067881A (ko) | 2025-05-15 |
| FR3139580A1 (fr) | 2024-03-15 |
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