EP4580924A1 - Verfahren zur spurführung eines fahrzeugs, steuergerät, fahrzeug und computerprogramm - Google Patents
Verfahren zur spurführung eines fahrzeugs, steuergerät, fahrzeug und computerprogrammInfo
- Publication number
- EP4580924A1 EP4580924A1 EP23758512.0A EP23758512A EP4580924A1 EP 4580924 A1 EP4580924 A1 EP 4580924A1 EP 23758512 A EP23758512 A EP 23758512A EP 4580924 A1 EP4580924 A1 EP 4580924A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- calibration
- value
- integration
- lateral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/10—Path keeping
- B60W30/12—Lane keeping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D15/00—Steering not otherwise provided for
- B62D15/02—Steering position indicators ; Steering position determination; Steering aids
- B62D15/025—Active steering aids, e.g. helping the driver by actively influencing the steering system after environment evaluation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0002—Automatic control, details of type of controller or control system architecture
- B60W2050/0008—Feedback, closed loop systems or details of feedback error signal
- B60W2050/001—Proportional integral [PI] controller
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
- B60W2050/002—Integrating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
- B60W2050/0001—Details of the control system
- B60W2050/0019—Control system elements or transfer functions
- B60W2050/0028—Mathematical models, e.g. for simulation
- B60W2050/0031—Mathematical model of the vehicle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2520/00—Input parameters relating to overall vehicle dynamics
- B60W2520/10—Longitudinal speed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
- B60W2530/10—Weight
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2530/00—Input parameters relating to vehicle conditions or values, not covered by groups B60W2510/00 or B60W2520/00
- B60W2530/20—Tyre data
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2552/00—Input parameters relating to infrastructure
- B60W2552/30—Road curve radius
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for tracking a vehicle, wherein a manipulated variable is determined by a lateral control as a function of a lateral offset error describing a lateral offset of the vehicle from a predetermined target trajectory, a transverse position of the vehicle being adjusted to the target trajectory depending on the manipulated variable.
- the invention further relates to a control device, a vehicle and a computer program.
- Vehicles can be equipped with systems or functions for automatic lane guidance. These make it possible to automatically adjust the lateral position of the vehicle while driving according to a predetermined trajectory.
- the lateral position of the vehicle i.e. the lateral position of the vehicle in a lane, can be changed, for example, by automated steering movements or adjusted to a target position.
- Such lane keeping functions usually use environmental data, which is collected using sensors for detecting the vehicle's surroundings, such as cameras, radar, or lidar systems, and/or using a
- Navigation system for example a GPS, were obtained to guide vehicles along a planned trajectory.
- the trajectory is designed for a high level of driving comfort and therefore does not contain any strong or rapid changes in the vehicle's transverse position.
- the guidance of the vehicle along such a trajectory is usually carried out as a control in which at least the lateral deviation of the vehicle from the planned trajectory is continuously determined, with control commands of suitable size and direction being sent to an electric steering assistance system depending on the deviation, for example vehicle.
- Criteria for assessing the control quality of such systems include, for example, the amplitude and dynamics of the lateral control deviation and the frequency of jerky movements on a steering wheel of the vehicle.
- the lateral control error is zero for all driving situations, so that the steering interventions due to the lane guidance or the resulting steering wheel movements are solely determined by the course of the planned trajectory.
- the performance of such tracking depends on the quality and quality of the sensors and actuators used in the vehicle. To a certain extent, the performance of an overall system can generally be increased by using several sensors or several actuators and/or by using suitable software measures. This applies in particular to driver assistance systems, such as those that provide lane keeping support functions.
- sensor errors of the sensors i.e. any deviation of a sensor signal from its physical counterpart, influence the character of the control and thus also the control quality of the vehicle's tracking, in particular due to the error propagation that occurs.
- sensor errors of the sensors i.e. any deviation of a sensor signal from its physical counterpart, influence the character of the control and thus also the control quality of the vehicle's tracking, in particular due to the error propagation that occurs.
- sensor information sometimes different and sometimes overlapping effect chains come into play.
- An imaging error in the camera detecting the lane markings can, for example, lead to the determined curvature of the road deviating from the real curvature, which represents a so-called ground truth error.
- the lane guidance generally includes at least one controller and/or at least one pilot control, which adjusts the lateral vehicle position depending on the determined road curvature.
- Curvature information describing the road curvature often determined in a look-ahead point of the vehicle, can be used to calculate the steering angle required for the respective curvature using an inverted vehicle model and to use this as a target steering angle, for example as part of a pilot control. Switch component to a steering angle controller.
- the pilot-controlled target steering angle also contains an offset component, which acts like a disturbance to the lateral control.
- This has the effect that when lane keeping assistance is activated, the vehicle does not follow the trajectory as expected, but rather has a permanent lateral offset from the planned trajectory or at least depending on the design of the lateral control or a trajectory following controller - ie use of controller types with or without stationary accuracy a transient swerve occurs before the vehicle then follows the planned trajectory after a compensation process has subsided.
- the permanent or transient lateral offset can impair driving comfort, which can have a detrimental effect on the driver's acceptance of the driving assistance system.
- the degree of imaging errors in the camera usually varies over the operating period of the driver assistance system, since calibration routines of the camera are typically carried out continuously. This means that, depending on the status of the camera calibration, the height of an offset of the curvature pre-control and thus also the degree of impairment of the vehicle lateral guidance vary over time, although the transmission properties of the camera and thus also the offset of the curvature do not change suddenly, but rather band-limited or gradually change.
- the sensor signals for the yaw rate, the front and rear axle steering angles as well as for lateral acceleration can in particular also be used for other functions within the vehicle, which can also influence a lateral position or the lateral guidance of the vehicle.
- these sensor signals can also be used to estimate disruptive forces and load moments acting on the vehicle as well as to estimate a slip angle of the vehicle, for example as a result of a road inclination and/or crosswind.
- the determined variables then also contribute to the vehicle lateral guidance as a target steering angle component in the course of a disturbance variable feed-in, with in particular corresponding offsets of the sensor signals also propagating as errors on the target steering angle and thus the lateral position of the vehicle.
- the result is an undesirable transient or permanent lateral displacement of the track-guided vehicle.
- a method for offset compensation of a steering angle in a motor vehicle using a vehicle model is known.
- a yaw rate is calculated depending on a detected steering angle, a vehicle speed and an assumed steering wheel angle offset. Furthermore, the calculated yaw rate is compared with a measured yaw rate, the difference between which forms an error equation, from which a steering wheel angle offset is then determined, which is fed back into the vehicle model in order to iteratively determine and compensate for the steering wheel angle offset.
- Such an offset calibration of a yaw rate or a lateral acceleration has a finite accuracy and always lags behind the real offset, which can result in additional, undesirable steering interventions even in the presence of this.
- the invention is based on the object of improving the accuracy of the tracking of a vehicle and thus the driving comfort and the acceptance of the assistance system by the driver, even under the influence of offset errors.
- the vehicle transverse position is adjusted using the sum of the manipulated variable and the at least one calibration value.
- the manipulated variable is adjusted using the sum of the manipulated variable and the at least one calibration value.
- further components it is possible for further components to be applied to the manipulated variable in addition to the at least one calibration value.
- the transverse storage error describes the lateral or lateral offset of the vehicle, i.e. an offset in the transverse direction of the vehicle, to the specified target trajectory.
- the transverse offset error can therefore also be referred to as lateral offset or lateral deviation.
- the transverse positioning error expresses the current deviation of an actual vehicle position from a desired vehicle target position described by the target trajectory.
- the determination of the lateral offset of the vehicle relative to the target trajectory can be based on an agreed point along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle.
- the lateral offset can advantageously be related to the geometric center of the rear axle or the front axle or to any other look-ahead point along the vehicle's longitudinal axis.
- the transverse storage error can be continuously determined, for example, depending on sensor data from at least one environment sensor of the vehicle.
- the environment sensor can be, for example, a camera, a lidar sensor, a radar sensor and/or an ultrasonic sensor. Additionally or alternatively, the transverse offset error can also be determined depending on position data from a navigation system.
- the transverse offset error has a time-dependent value, which is integrated by the calibration function.
- the lateral controller used for lateral control can be, for example, or include a trajectory sequence controller.
- the calibration function which can also be referred to as centering calibration or centering function, is present in addition to the trajectory tracking control and thus forms a secondary or higher-level control loop, which also influences the manipulated variable and thus also the lateral position of the vehicle.
- the dynamics of the calibration function are particularly clear lower than the dynamics of the lateral control, so that the time-integrated lateral offset error only very slowly influences the manipulated variable.
- an integrator with a comparatively small integration coefficient can be used as a calibration function or as a basic calculation rule for determining the calibration value, which results in an integration of the transverse offset error with low dynamics and thus also an influence of the calibration value with low dynamics.
- the at least one calibration function can each be designed as an I element or as a PT 1 element.
- a PT1 element also has an integrating property compared to a pure I element, but as an advantage does not require any of the measures necessary for I elements to limit the integrator state. This advantage must be weighed up against the disadvantage of the non-steady, exact compensation of the offset variables in the respective application by making use of the parametrization degrees of freedom of the PT1 element.
- the adaptation dynamics of the calibration value is in particular dimensioned such that it is of the order of magnitude of the change dynamics of the offset errors.
- One measure for this is, for example, the largest expected, temperature-related offset drift of the sensors used for lateral control, converted to the corresponding steering angle level. This has the advantage that no overshooting of the lateral control occurs, which, for example with a higher dynamic of the calibration function, would lead to an intervention of further compensation functions acting on the steering angle, such as compensation for a road side inclination and/or crosswind compensation.
- offset errors that continuously affect the tracking also partially or completely reduce over time or that these offset errors partially or completely reduce over time be fully compensated.
- Compensation functions acting on the steering angle are often not continuously active. For example, a lane keeping function usually only becomes effective after activation by the driver. Lead the
- Compensation functions detect a supposed control error due to the offset errors at the time of their activation, the compensation functions will output manipulated variables in an attempt to reduce the control error. Depending on the dynamics of the compensation functions, this can lead to jerky steering movements.
- the occurrence of jerky steering movements in order to correct a built-up lateral offset can advantageously be avoided, thereby improving the comfort for an occupant when lane guidance is activated. This also improves the acceptance of the lane guidance or the driver assistance system that effects the lane guidance.
- the basic idea of the higher-level calibration function can also be interpreted as a fixed value control of low dynamics with a setpoint of zero for the transverse offset error. In terms of its effect, it reduces the sum of all direct and indirect offset influences of the sensors used in the network on the lateral offset of the vehicle during automatic lateral or lane guidance.
- the time constant of the calibration function is larger, in particular by at least a factor of 2, than the dominant time constant of the lateral control.
- the time constant of the calibration function can also be greater than the dominant time constant of the lateral control by at least a factor of 5, at least a factor of 10, at least a factor of 100 or at least a factor of 1000.
- a calibration function implemented, for example, as an I-term can, for example, have an integration coefficient between 0.01 degrees/(m*s) and 0.00005 degrees/(m*s).
- an integration value of the calibration function is determined by the temporal integration of the transverse offset error, the integration value being deactivated of the tracking and is used as the starting value of the temporal integration of the lateral offset error when the tracking is activated again.
- the state of the calibration function i.e. the state of an integrator forming the calibration function or a comparable functional unit, is not reset, for example, in the current ignition run of the vehicle, but is maintained even when the driver assistance is repeatedly deactivated and activated or during driver interventions.
- a reset of the integrator in the event of a detected implausible activity for example in the event of a detected or communicated jump in the output of one or more offset calibrations of the vehicle sensors, or in the event of a request via a diagnostic interface of the vehicle, can also be provided. It is possible for the integration value to be maintained even beyond one ignition run of the vehicle, i.e. over several trips.
- Fig. 3 is a block diagram of several calibration functions of the exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- the position recognition and trajectory planning unit 14 further provides the curvature precontrol 9 with at least one measured and/or predicted curvature information kappa, which describes the curvature of the target trajectory 5 in a section of the target trajectory 5 lying in front of the vehicle 1 in the direction of travel.
- the position detection and trajectory planning unit 14 determines the target trajectory 5 and correspondingly also the curvature information kappa depending on surroundings data which are provided by an surroundings detection unit 15 of the vehicle 1.
- the surroundings detection unit 15 generates the surroundings data depending on surroundings measurement data, which are generated in particular by at least one surroundings sensor (not shown) which detects at least a partial area of the surroundings of the vehicle 1.
- the target steering angle component delta_vorst of the curvature precontrol 9 is calculated, for example, as
- the pilot-controlled target steering angle also contains an offset component delta_vorst_kappaoff, which is due to
- delta_vorst_kappaoff kappa_offs * (I + EG * v A 2) is given.
- delta_vorst which is faulty with delta_vorst_kappaoff, is that it acts like a disturbance on the lateral control 7 and the vehicle 1 does not follow the target trajectory 5 as expected when a lane keeping assistance is activated, but depending on the version of the trajectory sequence controller 8 - ie use of controller types or without stationary accuracy - has a permanent lateral offset 4 to the planned target trajectory 5 or at least causes a transient departure before the vehicle 1 then follows the planned target trajectory 5 after a compensation process has subsided.
- the steering angle can be used as an auxiliary or controlled variable within a lane guidance driver assistance system.
- This steering angle can be influenced or corrected by the steering angle calibration routine 11.
- a steering angle offset delta_offset determined in this way usually has an uncompensated portion due to the finite accuracy of the steering angle calibration routine 11.
- a remaining offset error delta_offset_error in the steering angle signal can have several causes.
- a steering angle calibration routine 11 is usually based on the signal from a yaw rate sensor of the vehicle 1 and/or a wheel speed sensor system of the vehicle 1. Errors in these sensors, such as offset and linearity errors, can therefore propagate towards the determined steering angle offset.
- the effects of steering angle offsets are comparable to the case of a curvature offset described above; here too, when the lane guidance driver assistance system is activated, the vehicle 1 does not follow the target trajectory 5 as expected, but instead has a permanent or transient lateral one, depending on the version of the trajectory follower controller 8 Offset 4 to the planned target trajectory 5, which can have adverse effects on the comfort and acceptance of the driver assistance system.
- the trajectory sequence controller 8 will output the uncompensated steering angle offset delta_offset_error in the stationary equilibrium state when driving straight ahead, that is, with a physical steering angle of zero degrees, and neglecting lateral disturbing forces on the vehicle 1.
- delta_y delta_offset_error / Kp(v) in the time domain.
- Kp cannot be chosen to be as large as desired during the design, which means that if the steering angle offset delta_offset_error is unequal to zero, a lateral offset 4 of the vehicle 1 to the target trajectory 5 is always formed.
- An uncompensated offset of a rear axle steering angle during rear axle steering of the vehicle 1 has a comparable effect on the lateral offset 4 of the vehicle 1 as an uncompensated offset of the front axle steering angle.
- the sensor signals for the yaw rate, the front and rear axle steering angle and also the lateral acceleration are used in particular to estimate disruptive forces and load moments that act on the vehicle 1, for example as a result of a road inclination and/or crosswind acting on the vehicle 1.
- the determined forces and moments then contribute proportionately to the steering angle setpoint delta_soll in the course of the delta_comp disturbance variable input.
- these sensors can also be used to estimate a slip angle of the
- Vehicle 1 can be used, which can also be used as an auxiliary variable in the load estimates.
- the steering angle or the transverse acceleration ajateral often have an impact on the estimated variables and thus also on the disturbance variable input that is proportional to the respective offset. Consequently, offset errors in the yaw rate g, the steering angle and also the lateral acceleration propagate ajaterally to the interference-compensating portion of the steering angle setpoint delta_soll.
- the result here is also an undesirable transient or permanent lateral offset of the track-guided vehicle 1 from the planned target trajectory 5.
- Disturbance compensators 10 for the yaw rate g and the lateral acceleration a ateral also generally have a finite accuracy, analogous to the steering angle compensation 11, and can therefore correspond to the real one Offset lag, which means that the previously described adverse effects on the driving comfort of the vehicle 1 can occur even in the presence of this when using the lane guidance driver assistance system.
- the calibration function 12 is superimposed on the lateral control 7 and generates the at least one calibration value delta_calib applied to the manipulated variable delta_soll.
- the calibration value delta_kalib is determined by the at least one calibration function 12 at least partially as a function of a temporal integration of the transverse offset error delta_y.
- the calibration function 12 determines a calibration value delta_kalib for the target steering angle delta_soll, which is always aimed at reducing the transverse offset error delta_y, particularly with regard to the effective direction.
- This calibration value delta_kalib is then finally added to the manipulated variable delta_soll from the manipulated variable components of the trajectory sequence controller 8, the curvature precontrol 9, the one or more interference compensators 10 and the output of the steering angle offset calibration 11 and as a calibrated manipulated variable delta_soll_kalib, for example, to a target steering angle interface of the lateral guidance actuator 3 switched on.
- the calibration function 12 can, for example, be designed as an integrator or as an I-term with a comparatively small integration coefficient ki, so that the calibration function 12 integrates the transverse offset error with a low dynamic.
- the determination of the calibration value delta_kalib by the calibration function 12 can therefore be carried out when the calibration function 12 is executed as an integrator with the integrating coefficient ki, for example as
- Delta_kalib Delta_y * ki / s can be expressed.
- the time constant of the calibration function 12 is in particular greater by at least a factor of 2, at least a factor of 5, at least a factor of 10, at least a factor of 100 or at least a factor of 1000 than the dominant time constant of the lateral control 7 or . of the trajectory sequence controller 8.
- the integration coefficient ki is, for example, in the order of 0.001 degrees/(m*s), so that the gradient of the calibration value 12 is only 0.0002 degrees/with a transverse offset error delta_y of 0.2 m, assumed as an example for illustration. s is.
- the calibration function 12 determines an integration value of the calibration function 12 through the temporal integration of the transverse offset error delta_y.
- This integration value represents the result of the temporal integration of the transverse offset error delta_y at a specific point in time.
- the integration value is retained when the tracking guidance is deactivated and when the tracking guidance is reactivated used as the starting value of the renewed temporal integration of the lateral offset error delta_y.
- the state of the calibration function 12, for example designed as an integrator is not reset in the current ignition run, but is maintained even when the driver assistance is repeatedly deactivated and activated, when the journey is ended and/or when driver interventions overwrite the automatic lane guidance.
- the use of a constant integration coefficient ki in the calibration function 12 can represent a compromise for the entire speed range that can be reached by the vehicle 1, since the influence of offset variables on the transverse offset error delta_y can depend on the driving speed. This can be due, for example, to the commonly used controller parameter control of the trajectory sequence controller 8 depending on the driving speed. This also changes the interference compensation property of the trajectory sequence controller 8 and consequently also the effect of sensor offset variables on the transverse offset error delta_y.
- the temporal integration of the transverse offset error delta_y takes place with a weighting factor, in particular the integration coefficient ki, which depends on a speed of the vehicle.
- the integration coefficient ki can therefore be expressed as ki(v) from the current Speed of vehicle 1 can be made dependent. This advantageously results in an individually adaptable calibration dynamic of the calibration function 12 that is ideal for every driving speed range.
- a low-pass filter function can also be used, for example a PT-1 filter. This can also avoid windup effects. The offset situation can Although this cannot be completely eliminated, the hundredweight accuracy achieved can still be sufficient.
- delta_vorst_EG_err Contributions from delta_vorst_EG_err have the effect of a disturbance on the lateral control of vehicle 1 and proportionally cause a lateral positioning error delta_y, which leads to an incorrect deflection of delta_kalib.
- the delta_kalib signal does not only react to sensor offset sizes.
- EG_err is limited, the effect of EG_err on the vehicle level is only small due to the large integration time constant of the centering calibration.
- the integration time constant is defined as the reciprocal of the integration factor ki.
- the calibration function 12 can be suspended at high values for the product kappa * v A 2. So it can be provided be that the temporal integration of the lateral offset error delta_y is stopped by the calibration function 12 when the product of the square of the current vehicle speed v and the curvature value kappa of the target trajectory 5 and / or the curvature value of the roadway exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- the temporal integration of the transverse offset error delta_y is stopped by the calibration function 12 if the or a measured and / or predicted curvature value kappa of the or a road traveled by the vehicle 1 exceeds a predetermined threshold value and / or if a curvature value of the Target trajectory 5 exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
- the curvature temporarily has a larger offset error until the camera calibration has compensated for this error, this can temporarily reduce the calibration activity of the calibration function 12 for higher driving speeds.
- the adaptation range only shifts by the amount of the curvature offset, so that the calibration activity does not come to a complete standstill.
- the driving speed v is reduced and the product kappa * v A 2 is reduced, the calibration is carried out again more intensively.
- Disturbances in the calibration can in particular also be caused by the driver intervening, who can directly influence the transverse positioning error delta_y, for example by steering on a steering wheel of the vehicle 1.
- the calibration function 12 i.e. the integration of the transverse offset error delta_y
- the temporal integration of the transverse offset error delta_y can be stopped and/or for the control variable delta_soll to be subjected to the calibration value delta_calibre to be suspended if, due to a steering intervention by a driver of the vehicle 1, a steering torque M is above a predetermined threshold value and/or a current one Lateral offset error delta_y increasing steering torque M is generated.
- the calibration function 12 can be achieved by only stopping the calibration function 12 when the driver steers in the direction of an increase in the transverse offset error delta_y. This can be done by comparing the sign of the driver's steering torque M and the lateral positioning error delta_y. If, for example, the counting arrow of the driver's steering torque M is defined in such a way that steering to the left in the direction of travel requires a positive torque and a positive lateral positioning error means the positioning of the vehicle in the direction of travel to the right of the planned target trajectory 5, then the stop condition of the calibration function must be the sign of Driver steering torque M and lateral positioning error may be different.
- the integration coefficient ki is initially made as a basic design for the execution of the lane assistance for steering interventions by the driver below a defined intensity, evaluated for example based on the level of the measured driver steering torque M. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that when a driver of the vehicle 1 makes a steering intervention, which generates a steering torque M that reduces the current transverse offset error delta_y, the temporal integration of the transverse offset error delta_y is carried out at least for a predetermined period of time with an increased weighting, in particular with an increased integration coefficient , he follows. This means that the integration coefficient can be specifically increased compared to the basic design if a driver intervention is detected and the driver simultaneously steers in the direction of reducing the transverse offset error delta_y.
- the driver's steering can be viewed as a confirmation of the calibration process of the calibration function 12, which an increase in the calibration dynamics by increasing the integration coefficient ki justifies.
- the effect of offset variables on the transverse offset error delta_y is partly dependent on the driving speed v. This applies, for example, to the offset errors that are contained in the output of the interference compensators delta_komp, or the offset error that is part of the curvature precontrol delta_vorst.
- delta_calib must always change in order to keep the lateral positioning error low, although the offset variables in yaw rate g, lateral acceleration a ateral and pilot control curvature kappa that cause the lateral positioning error are assumed to be constant in the analysis. Due to the high integration time constant of the calibration function 12 and thus the low dynamics of the calibration function 12, the adaptation to the changed driving speed v takes a relatively long time, during which the accuracy of the tracking is reduced.
- FIG. 3 shows the use of several integrating functions 12_1 to 12_N. Furthermore, an interpolation unit 16, an initialization unit 17, an integration coefficient determination unit 18 and a sequence control unit 19 are shown as part of the control device 2.
- the integrating functions 12_1 to 12_N are each assigned a different speed interval, with the integrating functions 12_1 to 12_N each temporally integrating the transverse offset error delta_y at a speed of the vehicle 1 that lies within the speed interval assigned to them.
- the entire vehicle speed range is therefore divided into N > 1 sub-intervals, each of which only covers a limited speed range and each of which has one Calibration function 12 or a dedicated integrator is assigned.
- only a single calibration function 12 is active at a time, while the remaining calibration functions 12 are stopped or an input signal from zero is switched to their inputs.
- the weighting of the transverse offset error delta_y can be done with a constant integration coefficient ki or via a factor ki(v) that depends on the driving speed.
- the integration coefficient ki or ki(v) can be determined for the individual calibration functions 12_1 to 12_N by the integration coefficient determination unit 18.
- the integration coefficient determination device 18 can receive as input variables, for example, the vehicle speed v, the steering torque M of a driver of the vehicle 1, the current lateral offset error delta_y and the measured or predicted curvature kappa.
- the centers of the N vehicle speed intervals represent, so to speak, the support points for the output values delta_kalib_v(k).
- delta_kalib_v(k) In order to obtain a resulting delta_kalib from the individual contributions delta_kalib_v(k), one can additionally or alternatively use the interpolation unit 16 from the calibration values delta_kalib_v(1)
- the total calibration value delta_kalib_ges determined up to delta_kalib_v(N) is applied to the manipulated variable delta_soll.
- the total calibration value delta_kalib_ges is determined from two or more of the calibration values delta_kalib_v(1) to delta_kalib_v(N) generated by the integrating functions 12, in particular in such a way that the total calibration value delta_kalib_ges is continuous over time even when changing between two or more of the speed intervals.
- the interpolation unit 16 can This can be implemented, for example, via linear interpolation, with the interpolation unit receiving the vehicle speed v as an input variable.
- delta_kalib_ges is linearly combined from delta_kalib_v(k) and delta_kalib_v(k+1). It applies
- delta_kalib_v(k) An interpolation between the individual integrator states delta_kalib_v(k) is also advantageous because no jump in delta_kalib_ges occurs when changing from one speed range to another.
- the driver assistance function is primarily operated in a narrow speed range, the case may arise that only one of the calibration functions 12 is charged according to the transverse offset error delta_y, so that only this calibration function 12 correctly reflects the current offset situation. Due to the typical drift of the offset variables for curvature kappa, yaw rate and lateral acceleration a ateral, the states of the remaining integrators increasingly lose their relevance. When entering a neighboring speed range, a larger lateral offset error delta_y could temporarily occur and at the same time reduced driving comfort until the adaptation to the current offset situation is complete. As a remedy, a forgetting factor can advantageously be implemented.
- an integration value of the calibration function 12_1 to 12_N assigned to the calibration function 12_1 to 12_N is determined by the calibration functions 12_1 to 12_N through the temporal integration of the transverse offset error, the integration values of the one or more integration functions in which the current speed is outside of the respective speed interval is, continuously, in particular at a constant or a vehicle speed-dependent rate, adapted to the integration value of that calibration function 12_1 to 12_N in whose speed interval the current speed of the vehicle 1 lies.
- all integrator states or integration values of the inactive calibration functions 12_1 to 12_N strive for the state or integration value of the currently active calibration function 12_1 to 12_N with a uniform or predetermined gradient that is individually defined for the respective speed range.
- This gradient can, for example, depend on the dynamics of change in the offset sizes. In the application, it can advantageously be dimensioned so that it corresponds to 25% of the resulting gradient for delta_kalib_v(k) for a transverse offset error of 0.2 m. If the equalizing gradient is chosen too high, the advantage of using a bank of calibration functions 12_1 to 12_N compared to using a single calibration function 12 disappears.
- the calibration functions of the currently irrelevant speed ranges can be continued with integration coefficients reduced to, for example, 10% to 20%.
- the integrator states are prevented from exceeding the integrator state of the currently active speed range through appropriate limitations.
- the states or the integrating values of the one or more calibration functions 12_1 to 12_N can be saved by the initialization unit 17.
- the initialization unit 17 can also initialize the
- the calibration dynamics of the calibration function 12 i.e. the time required until the lateral offset 4 of the vehicle 1 has been adapted to the current offset situation, can be greater than in a driver assistance system without an integral component in the trajectory sequence controller 8.
- This Circumstances can be at least partially countered by increasing the integrating coefficient or coefficients when using the one or more calibration functions 12 with a trajectory sequence controller s without an integral component.
- one or more of the interference compensations 10 for crosswind and/or road inclination can be dispensed with. The result of this is that a significant source of offset errors is eliminated and therefore fewer offset effects have to be taken into account by the calibration function 12, which advantageously results in a lower requirement for the calibration dynamics of the at least one calibration function 12.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Steering Control In Accordance With Driving Conditions (AREA)
- Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022209045.4A DE102022209045A1 (de) | 2022-08-31 | 2022-08-31 | Verfahren zur Spurführung eines Fahrzeugs, Steuergerät, Fahrzeug und Computerprogramm |
| PCT/DE2023/200161 WO2024046533A1 (de) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-09 | Verfahren zur spurführung eines fahrzeugs, steuergerät, fahrzeug und computerprogramm |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4580924A1 true EP4580924A1 (de) | 2025-07-09 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23758512.0A Pending EP4580924A1 (de) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-08-09 | Verfahren zur spurführung eines fahrzeugs, steuergerät, fahrzeug und computerprogramm |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4580924A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2025527470A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119731062A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022209045A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024046533A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8392064B2 (en) * | 2008-05-27 | 2013-03-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems, methods and devices for adaptive steering control of automotive vehicles |
| DE102008026233B4 (de) * | 2008-05-29 | 2017-01-12 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Lenkradwinkel-Offsetkompensation |
| US11024178B2 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2021-06-01 | Continental Automotive Systems, Inc. | System and method for autonomously steering a vehicle |
| US10671070B2 (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2020-06-02 | Baidu Usa Llc | PID embedded LQR for autonomous driving vehicles (ADVS) |
| DE102020208391B4 (de) * | 2020-07-03 | 2024-08-14 | Continental Autonomous Mobility Germany GmbH | Verfahren zur teil- oder vollautonomen Führung eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
-
2022
- 2022-08-31 DE DE102022209045.4A patent/DE102022209045A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-08-09 WO PCT/DE2023/200161 patent/WO2024046533A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-08-09 JP JP2025508427A patent/JP2025527470A/ja active Pending
- 2023-08-09 EP EP23758512.0A patent/EP4580924A1/de active Pending
- 2023-08-09 CN CN202380060224.9A patent/CN119731062A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025527470A (ja) | 2025-08-22 |
| WO2024046533A1 (de) | 2024-03-07 |
| CN119731062A (zh) | 2025-03-28 |
| DE102022209045A1 (de) | 2024-02-29 |
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