EP4561903A1 - Antriebssystem für ein luftfahrzeug - Google Patents
Antriebssystem für ein luftfahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4561903A1 EP4561903A1 EP23748703.8A EP23748703A EP4561903A1 EP 4561903 A1 EP4561903 A1 EP 4561903A1 EP 23748703 A EP23748703 A EP 23748703A EP 4561903 A1 EP4561903 A1 EP 4561903A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power generator
- drive
- unit
- drive unit
- aircraft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/34—All-electric aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/35—Arrangements for on-board electric energy production, distribution, recovery or storage
- B64D27/355—Arrangements for on-board electric energy production, distribution, recovery or storage using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drive system for an aircraft with a drive unit.
- the aircraft can in particular be an aircraft that has multiple engines, i.e. e.g. B. a twin-engine aircraft.
- B. a twin-engine aircraft.
- the present invention is based on the technical problem of specifying an advantageous drive system.
- the drive system has a first and a second drive unit.
- These drive units each include a power generator for delivering electrical power and a propulsion unit for generating propulsion from the electrical power.
- a special feature of the drive system is the cross-connection of the drive units with an interconnection device. This is set up to connect its propulsion unit (“first propulsion unit”) or its power generator (“first power generator”) to supply the second drive unit in the event of a fault in the first drive unit. As explained in detail below, depending on the error, this “supply” can e.g. B.
- second power generator in the form of a transfer of electrical power from the power generator of the second drive unit (“second power generator”) to the first propulsion unit, namely in the event of a fault in the first power generator or by a transfer of electrical power from the first power generator to the propulsion unit of the second drive unit (“ second propulsion unit”), namely in the event of an error in the first propulsion unit.
- the second drive unit In the latter case, for example in the event of mechanical damage to the shaft or the propeller of the first propulsion unit, the second drive unit must be operated with higher power until the aircraft lands safely in order to compensate for the failure of the first propulsion unit. Due to the interconnection according to the invention, the second power generator does not have to generate this electrical power alone, which would mean that it would be oversized for normal operation, but rather the supply is provided proportionally by the first power generator. In the first-mentioned error case, i.e. in the event of an error in the first power generator, the first propulsion unit can continue to be operated due to the proportional supply from the second power generator and so z. B. both propulsion units can be used during an emergency landing.
- connection in the event of an error is preferably designed symmetrically, so that an interconnection for cross-supply takes place even in the event of an error in the second drive unit.
- the drive system also include more than two drive units, for example a third and possibly also a fourth drive unit (possible upper limits are more of a theoretical nature and can, for example, be a maximum of 12, 10, 8 or 6 drive units). All drive units of the drive system are preferably interconnected via the interconnection device and, in the event of a fault, this is set up for each of the drive units to establish a cross supply. Nevertheless, the following descriptions refer to the first and second drive units and a drive system with two drive units is particularly preferred.
- the “being set up” of the switching device means that on the one hand it includes appropriate physical equipment, for example a line connecting the first propulsion unit to the second power generator and/or a line connecting the first power generator to the second propulsion unit.
- the switching device comprises a switching unit with which these line or lines can be actively switched depending on the error, i.e. can be switched from an unused to a used state.
- This switching unit can, for example, be assigned a control unit, which z. B. can be designed as part of the on-board computer or autonomously, commands to initiate a corresponding interconnection via the interconnection unit depending on an error or respective error can be stored in this control unit.
- the interconnection device can in particular also be partially implemented in the control of one or more of the motors, whereby the current consumption of the respective motor can be changed or prevented.
- the interconnection device is set up to transfer part of the electrical power of the second power generator (“second electrical power”) to the first propulsion unit in the event of a fault in the first power generator, see the comments above.
- the switching device is set up to transfer the electrical power of the first power generator (“first electrical power”) at least partially or completely to the second propulsion unit (see above).
- the interconnection device is set up to interconnect the second propulsion unit or the second power generator to supply the first drive unit in the event of a fault in the second drive unit.
- This supply can in particular be a transfer of electrical power, namely from the second power generator to the first propulsion unit in the event of a fault in the second propulsion unit and/or from the first power generator to the second propulsion unit in the event of a fault in the second power generator.
- a symmetrical, cross-connection is preferred.
- the design of the interconnection device can also have a redundant structure in order to ensure functionality even if internal errors occur.
- the physical equipment of the interconnection device such as the lines and/or switching unit, can be provided twice.
- the respective power generator could also be an energy storage device, i.e. a battery system through which the electrical power can be accessed.
- the power generators are each fuel cell systems, i.e. the first power generator is a first fuel cell system and the second power generator is a second fuel cell system.
- Each of the fuel cell systems can each have at least one fuel cell stack (stack), preferably each fuel cell system comprises at least two fuel cell stacks, for example three or four fuel cell stacks.
- the power generators can also be of different nature, e.g. B. two fuel cell systems and two battery systems. However, they are preferably of the same nature; particularly preferably only fuel cell systems are provided.
- the cross-supply in the event of a fault can be of particular advantage with regard to fuel cell systems, because the individual fuel cell stacks, if they are connected to the other propulsion unit in the event of a fault in one propulsion unit, for example, can not be operated at the limit, but at a more favorable operating point.
- each fuel cell system has four stacks, like this
- the remaining propulsion unit has eight stacks available, although purely mathematically for operation with increased performance, for example. B. only six stacks would be required (especially in the event of an error, it may be better if the supply is not at the limit).
- a further power generator is provided (e.g. a battery or in particular a fuel cell system), which in normal operation is connected to both the first and the second drive unit, i.e. both the first and the second propulsion unit with electrical power provided. If one or more propulsion units are provided, the additional power generator can also supply these during normal operation. Regardless of these details, the interconnection device is set up to supply the first propulsion unit via the further power generator in the event of a fault in the first power generator and/or to supply the second propulsion unit via the further power generator in the event of a fault in the second power generator.
- the interconnection device is set up to supply the first propulsion unit via the further power generator in the event of a fault in the first power generator and/or to supply the second propulsion unit via the further power generator in the event of a fault in the second power generator.
- a proportionate supply also takes place in normal operation, but in the event of a fault, the respective propulsion unit is supplied to a larger proportion than in normal operation via the further power generator.
- the entire further electrical power (of the further power generator) is then supplied to that propulsion unit, its power generator has failed.
- the electrical power of the further power generator can, in particular in normal and/or error operation, also be electrically and/or mechanically segregated motors or motor sections (i.e. those motors or motor sections which are supplied by the other motors or motor sections which are supplied by the first or second Power generator are supplied, electrically or mechanically separated) of the first and / or second propulsion unit.
- additional power generator can represent an alternative to the cross-connection between the drive units according to the main claim, but implements the same inventive basic idea. Even in the case of the additional power generator, electrical power is used in the event of a fault. which is used by the other drive unit in normal operation, is redirected to the drive unit affected by a partial or complete failure of its own power generator. The only difference to cross-connection is that in normal operation the additional electrical power is not supplied exclusively to one of the propulsion units, but is divided among the drive units.
- the further power generator and its corresponding interconnection in normal operation/in the event of a fault can, on the one hand, be provided as an alternative to the cross-connection according to the main claim, and on the other hand, the two concepts can also be combined, if the further power generator and its corresponding interconnection are expressly intended to be in combination with the cross-connection between the first and second drive unit may be disclosed.
- a structure is possible in such a way that, if the error in the first drive unit is an error in the first power generator, a larger proportion of the further electrical power is transferred to the first propulsion unit compared to normal operation.
- the entire additional electrical power can be supplied to the first propulsion unit, or the second propulsion unit can still be supplied by the further power generator to a smaller extent compared to normal operation (further power generator relatively oversized), or the second power generator can also supply the first propulsion unit proportionally (another power generator is relatively undersized).
- the first electrical power of the first power generator and also the further electrical power of the further power generator can each be transferred at least in part to the second propulsion unit, cf. the advantages discussed above the operation of the respective power generators not under full load.
- the further power generator can be provided in combination or generally as an alternative to the cross-connection according to the main claim in the latter case, all features disclosed generically for the drive system or the first/second drive unit within the scope of the present disclosure (e.g. equipment with fuel cell systems, etc.) should also be expressly disclosed for such a drive system with an additional power generator.
- the propulsion units each preferably have an electric motor and a shaft with a propeller.
- the electric motor is operated with the electrical power of the assigned power generator; in the event of a fault, it can be supplied by the other power generator or the electrical power can be supplied to the other electric motor.
- the electric motor, the shaft and the propeller of the first and / or second drive unit are oversized compared to their respective power generator, i.e. z. B. designed for operation at a power that is, for example, at least 10%, 20% or 30% above the maximum power output of the respective power generator (theoretical upper limits can be, for example, 150%, 100% or 80%).
- the error “failure of the other propulsion unit” is taken into account, whereby the oversizing only has to take place in the propulsion unit, not in the power generator, due to the interconnection device according to the invention, which can result in weight advantages.
- the invention also relates to an aircraft with a drive system disclosed herein, in particular an aircraft.
- a drive system disclosed herein, in particular an aircraft.
- This can, for example, have a first and a second wing (on port and starboard), which can be arranged conventionally on a fuselage or can also be implemented in other designs.
- the safety considerations described above can be of particular importance; in addition, the aircraft can be set up for passenger and/or freight transport, see the comments at the beginning.
- the aircraft is preferably designed in such a way that a total electrical power is available for all drive units of the aircraft. is smaller, in particular at least 5%, at least 15% or at least 25% smaller, than the product of a minimum electrical power per drive unit, which in the event of a failure of at least one other drive unit for at least temporary compensation for the failure of a non-failed one Drive unit is required and the number of drive units on the aircraft.
- the power can preferably be controlled in such a way that sequentially each of the drive units of the aircraft has the minimum power or this is sequentially available to each of the drive units.
- the power can be controlled so that the minimum power is available to all drive units except at least one drive unit at the same time.
- the minimum power per drive unit is in particular greater than an electrical power per drive unit in a comparable normal operation, for example in a comparable flight phase, without a drive unit failing.
- the first and second drive units of the drive system can preferably be arranged on different wings, so that in the event of a fault, the cross supply, such as the electrical power transfer, takes place, for example, from one side of the aircraft to the other.
- the drive units can also be arranged on the same wing, with further drive units then preferably being arranged on the other wing.
- the aircraft can have exactly two, exactly four or exactly six propulsion units. Half the number of drive units can be arranged on a first wing of the aircraft and half the number of drive units can be arranged on a second wing of the aircraft. In other embodiments, the aircraft may also include an odd number of propulsion units, for example exactly three. One or more drive units can be arranged in areas outside a wing, for example on the fuselage.
- the invention also relates to a method for operating a presently disclosed drive system or aircraft, in particular an aircraft, wherein in the event of a fault, the first propulsion unit or the first power generator is connected to the second drive unit.
- the second electrical power can be transmitted proportionately to the first propulsion unit and/or in the event of a fault in the first propulsion unit, the first electrical power can be transmitted at least proportionately to the second sales unit, see above for further details.
- the invention further relates to the use of a propulsion system or aircraft described here in such a method.
- Figure 1 shows a drive system with a first and second drive unit in a schematic representation
- FIGS 2A, B various errors in the first drive unit of the drive system according to Figure 1;
- Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of an aircraft with a drive system according to Figure 1.
- Figure 4 shows a drive system with another power generator. Preferred embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 1 shows a drive system 1, which has a first drive unit 11 and a second drive unit 12.
- the first drive unit 11 includes a first power generator 21 for delivering first electrical power PI and a first propulsion unit 31 for generating propulsion therefrom.
- the second drive unit 12 includes a second power generator 22 for delivering a second electrical power P2 and a second propulsion unit 32, which generates propulsion therefrom.
- the power generators 21, 22 are provided in the form of a first fuel cell system 25 and a second fuel cell system 26.
- Each of the fuel cell systems 25, 26 has several fuel cell stacks 25.1-25.4, 26.1-26.4.
- the propulsion units 31, 32 each include an electric motor 31.1, 32.1 and a shaft 31.2, 32.2 with a propeller 31.3, 32.3.
- the drive system also has a switching device 40 with which the electrical power PI and/or P2 can be redirected from the first to the second and/or from the second to the first drive unit.
- the interconnection device 40 comprises, on the one hand, corresponding lines 42 and, on the other hand, an assigned interconnection unit 41, with which the respective line can be switched actively if necessary (shown here schematically and inactive by the dashed lines).
- Fig. 2A illustrates a first error case of the first drive unit, namely a failure of the first power generator 21.
- the second electrical power P2 of the second power generator 22 in the present case approximately half, is transmitted from the second to the first drive unit and thus becomes the first propulsion unit 31 continues to operate.
- the error case shown in FIG. 2B relates to a failure of the first propulsion unit 31 (e.g. mechanical damage to the propeller/shaft), with the first power generator 21 still intact.
- the propulsion unit 32 of the second drive unit 12 can be operated with higher power, for which it is additionally fed with the first electrical power PI of the first power generator 21. Since the two power generators 21, 22 then supply the second propulsion unit 32 together, they can each be operated below their maximum payload.
- Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of an aircraft 50, namely an aircraft 51. This has a first wing 55 and a second wing 56, and is also equipped with a drive system 1 described above.
- the first drive unit 11 is arranged on the first wing 55 and the second drive unit 12 on the second wing 56.
- Fig. 4 shows a drive system 1, the basic structure of which corresponds to that according to Figure 1, i.e. has a first and a second drive unit 11, 12, see above for further details.
- the first drive unit 11 has a first propulsion unit 31 and a first power generator 21
- the second drive unit 12 has a second propulsion unit 32 and a second power generator 22.
- this drive system 1 has a further power generator 60, which has a further emits electrical power Pw. In the normal state/normal operation shown in Figure 4, this is supplied proportionately to the first and second propulsion units 31, 32, and therefore serves to supply both drive units 11, 12.
- the first or second power generator 21, 22 fails The further electrical power Pw can then be amplified by means of the interconnection device, not shown here, or can also be completely supplied to the propulsion unit of the drive unit affected by this failure.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022119116.8A DE102022119116A1 (de) | 2022-07-29 | 2022-07-29 | Antriebssystem für ein luftfahrzeug |
| PCT/DE2023/100538 WO2024022556A1 (de) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-07-21 | Antriebssystem für ein luftfahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4561903A1 true EP4561903A1 (de) | 2025-06-04 |
Family
ID=87551198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23748703.8A Pending EP4561903A1 (de) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-07-21 | Antriebssystem für ein luftfahrzeug |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4561903A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022119116A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024022556A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB201511033D0 (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2015-08-05 | Rolls Royce Plc | Aircraft electrical network |
| US10227137B2 (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2019-03-12 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Hybrid power system for an aircraft |
| US10450080B1 (en) * | 2016-03-28 | 2019-10-22 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Variable frequency power system for hybrid electric aircraft propulsion |
| GB201615900D0 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2016-11-02 | Rolls Royce Plc | Aircraft propulsion system |
| US10640225B2 (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2020-05-05 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. | Selectively regulating current in distributed propulsion systems |
| FR3079210B1 (fr) * | 2018-03-26 | 2021-04-16 | Safran | Systeme propulsif d'aeronef multirotor avec reseau electrique reconfigurable |
| DE102019109615A1 (de) * | 2018-07-06 | 2020-01-09 | Fabian Gücker | Elektrischer Antrieb für Drehflügler |
| DE102018211459B4 (de) * | 2018-07-11 | 2021-10-21 | Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg | Luftfahrzeug-Antriebssystem |
| US11225881B2 (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2022-01-18 | Rolls-Royce North American Technologies, Inc. | Hybrid propulsion systems |
| WO2020190223A1 (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Acikel Guerkan | Vtol tilting fuselage winged frame multirotor aircraft |
| US11128251B1 (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-09-21 | The Boeing Company | Fault-tolerant power system architecture for aircraft electric propulsion |
| US12227166B2 (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2025-02-18 | Rolls-Royce Corporation | Hybrid propulsion system power management |
| CN112429248A (zh) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-03-02 | 飞的科技有限公司 | 飞行器 |
| FR3118622B1 (fr) * | 2021-01-06 | 2022-12-09 | Ascendance Flight Tech | Aéronef à source d’énergie hybride |
-
2022
- 2022-07-29 DE DE102022119116.8A patent/DE102022119116A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-07-21 EP EP23748703.8A patent/EP4561903A1/de active Pending
- 2023-07-21 WO PCT/DE2023/100538 patent/WO2024022556A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024022556A1 (de) | 2024-02-01 |
| DE102022119116A1 (de) | 2024-02-01 |
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