EP4558866A1 - Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d'horlogerie - Google Patents
Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d'horlogerieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4558866A1 EP4558866A1 EP23744158.9A EP23744158A EP4558866A1 EP 4558866 A1 EP4558866 A1 EP 4558866A1 EP 23744158 A EP23744158 A EP 23744158A EP 4558866 A1 EP4558866 A1 EP 4558866A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hairspring
- thermal coefficient
- blank
- resonance
- frequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
- G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
- G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
- G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
- G04D7/10—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for hairsprings of balances
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
- G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
- G04D7/12—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard
- G04D7/1257—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard wherein further adjustment devices are present
- G04D7/1271—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard wherein further adjustment devices are present for the control mechanism only (from outside the clockwork)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of control and manufacturing of parts for watchmaking.
- the invention relates more particularly to a method for controlling and manufacturing watch spiral springs, otherwise called resonators.
- the movements of mechanical watches are regulated by means of a mechanical regulator or oscillator comprising a resonator, that is to say an elastically deformable component whose oscillations determine the operation of the watch.
- a mechanical regulator or oscillator comprising a resonator, that is to say an elastically deformable component whose oscillations determine the operation of the watch.
- Many watches include, for example, an oscillator comprising a hairspring as a resonator, mounted on the axis of a balance wheel and set into oscillation thanks to an escapement.
- the natural frequency of the balance-spring couple makes it possible to regulate the movement of the watch and depends on several parameters, in particular the stiffness of the balance-spring and the operating temperature.
- the stiffness of the hairspring also defines its intrinsic vibratory characteristics, such as the natural frequency and the resonance frequencies.
- the natural frequency of an elastic system is the frequency at which this system oscillates when it is in free evolution, that is to say without an exciting force.
- a resonance frequency of an elastic system is a frequency at which a local maximum of displacement amplitude can be measured for a given point of the system elastic.
- the displacement amplitude follows an upward slope before this resonance frequency, and follows a downward slope after, in all point which does not correspond to a vibration node.
- the recording of the displacement amplitude as a function of the excitation frequency presents a displacement amplitude peak or resonance peak which is associated with or which characterizes the resonance frequency.
- the stiffness of a spiral type resonator typically depends on the characteristics of the material in which it is made, as well as its dimensions and in particular the thickness (that is to say the width) of its turns along its bar.
- the stiffness is given more specifically by:
- M the return torque of the spiral spring, where M, for a bar of constant section made of a specific material, is given by:
- L the length of the bar
- h the height of the bar
- e the thickness or width of the bar
- the operating temperature is an influential parameter on the operation of the regulating member, we can derive equation 1 with respect to the temperature T, and we find:
- T the current temperature
- To a reference temperature, a s , the thermal expansion coefficient of the hairspring a B , the thermal expansion coefficient of the balance rim.
- CT the thermal coefficient of the oscillator (seconds per day per degree)
- CTE the thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (K -1 ), or otherwise called thermo-elastic coefficient.
- the natural frequency of the regulating member formed by the hairspring of stiffness R coupled to an inertia balance I is in particular proportional to the square root of the stiffness of the hairspring.
- the main specification of a spiral spring is its stiffness, which must be within a well-defined interval to be able to be paired with a balance wheel, which forms the inertial element of the oscillator. This pairing operation is essential to precisely adjust the frequency of a mechanical oscillator.
- silicon spirals can be manufactured on a single wafer using micro-manufacturing technologies. It is particularly known to produce a plurality of silicon resonators with very high precision using photolithography and machining/etching processes in a silicon wafer.
- the methods for producing these mechanical resonators generally use monocrystalline silicon wafers, but wafers made of other materials can also be used, for example polycrystalline or amorphous silicon, other semiconductor materials, glass, ceramic, carbon, carbon nanotubes or a composite comprising these materials.
- monocrystalline silicon belongs to the cubic crystal class m3m whose thermal expansion coefficient (alpha) is isotropic.
- Silicon has a very negative value of the first thermoelastic coefficient, and consequently, the stiffness of a silicon resonator, and therefore its natural frequency, varies greatly depending on the temperature.
- documents EP1422436, EP2215531 and WO201 6128694 describe a spiral type mechanical resonator made from a core (or two cores in the case of WO2016128694) in monocrystalline silicon and whose variations in temperature of the Young's modulus are compensated by a layer of amorphous silicon oxide (SiO2) surrounding the core (or cores), the latter being one of the rare materials having a positive thermoelastic coefficient.
- SiO2 amorphous silicon oxide
- thermal coefficient CT which depends in particular on the thermal coefficient of Young's modulus, the thermal coefficient of expansion of the hairspring and the thermal coefficient of expansion of the balance wheel.
- the silicon hairsprings and their thermocompensation therefore make it possible to adjust the terms of equation 5 relating to the hairspring to obtain a thermal coefficient CT of the oscillator.
- the hairspring is considered to be the only adjustment variable to obtain the lowest possible CT of the watchmaking system that integrates it.
- the final functional yield will be given by the number of hairsprings whose stiffness corresponds to the pairing interval, divided by the total number of hairsprings on the plate.
- the micro-fabrication and more particularly etching steps used in the manufacture of hairsprings on a wafer typically result in a significant geometric dispersion between the dimensions of the hairsprings on the same wafer, and therefore in a dispersion significant between their stiffnesses, notwithstanding that the engraving pattern is the same for each hairspring.
- the measured stiffness dispersion normally follows a Gaussian distribution. In order to optimize manufacturing yield, we are therefore interested in centering the average of the Gaussian distribution on a nominal stiffness value and also in reducing the standard deviation of this Gaussian.
- document EP3181939 proposes to remedy this same problem by forming a hairspring according to dimensions smaller than the dimensions necessary for obtaining a hairspring of a predetermined stiffness, by determining the stiffness of this hairspring formed in coupling with a balance having a predetermined inertia, by calculating the thickness of material to be added to obtain the dimensions necessary to obtain the hairspring with the predetermined stiffness, and by adding this thickness of material to the hairspring.
- the present invention aims to propose an approach free from the above drawbacks, which allows a faster production flow and/or with less risk of pollution(s), and/or greater sampling, and /or a more precise measurement of the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring, and therefore a more individualized correction of the hairsprings of the plate to obtain watch systems whose operation is little or not disturbed by temperature variations.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a method of controlling a hairspring or a spiral blank arranged to form a hairspring, the control method comprising the following steps: a. apply to the hairspring or the hairspring blank a vibrational excitation which varies over time to cover a predetermined frequency range, b. identify at least one characteristic of a resonance frequency of the hairspring or the hairspring blank, such as a resonance peak, during or in response to the vibrational excitation over the predetermined frequency range, c. submitting to a thermal coefficient prediction machine the resonant frequency characteristic identified in step b.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the method according to the implementation above comprises a step of vibratory excitation of the hairspring or the hairspring blank and the measurement of a characteristic of a resonance frequency, to then deduce by prediction a thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or a thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the vibration excitation is applied to the part or the unitary blank, not coupled to any balance, weight or oscillating system.
- the process makes it possible to control unitary and free parts (that is to say with at least one free end, not attached to any mechanism or balance), which provides at least the advantages of productivity gains (no assembly with an oscillating system), gains in quality (no pollution of parts, no breakage, and more parts can be tested within the same budget), gains in precision (no errors linked to other components of 'an oscillating system).
- the determination of the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring or of the hairspring blank by the method according to the invention is well suited for oxidized parts for which we do not know precisely the thickness of the oxide layer at this stage of the manufacturing process.
- CTE Young's modulus
- the vibration excitation can be carried out with a shock device which applies excitation to the part to be tested in a fairly short time.
- a shock device which applies excitation to the part to be tested in a fairly short time.
- the shock device can apply a shock to the balance spring or to its support to make the parts vibrate.
- An impact hammer or any device with a moving mass can be used.
- the parts Depending on the part to be tested and its position on the wafer, we can plan to apply the shock to a particular location on the wafer and/or in a particular direction.
- the parts begin to vibrate and we can record the vibration response over time, to extract resonance peaks and their frequencies from this measurement, for example with a Fourrier transform.
- the watch system comprising the hairspring may comprise:
- an escapement device such as an anchor escapement
- the vibration excitation is applied to the hairspring or to the hairspring blank having a free end (typically the central ferrule) and another end fixed to the plate or to a clamp.
- the vibratory excitation is applied to a mass (located at the center of gravity of the hairspring) connected to a frame of reference (a gripping pliers for a hairspring alone, or the rest of a substrate or a plate for a blank, for example made of silicon and not detached) by a spring (the elastic part of the hairspring).
- the vibrational excitation sets the suspended mass in motion.
- the vibrational excitation is applied to the hairspring alone or to the hairspring blank alone.
- a dimensional correction and/or additional treatment(s) must be made to the part tested (or to all of the unit parts attached to the same wafer, or still to the unit parts attached to an area of a wafer, including or not the part tested), this can be done on the unit part(s) without dismantling anything (we can plan by example of directly applying oxidation to a silicon part at the test output). We can therefore plan to add or remove material from the unit part(s), to do doping to vary intrinsic values (stiffness, thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE ) of the hairspring). In other words, the dimensional correction and/or additional treatment(s) are carried out on the unit part(s).
- step b. may include: b1. a first identification step which may comprise the identification of a first characteristic of a first resonance frequency such as a first resonance peak, b2.
- a second identification step which may comprise the identification of a second characteristic of a second resonance frequency such as a second resonance peak, the second resonance frequency being different from the first resonance frequency
- the step vs. can include: c1.
- a first prediction step which may consist of submitting the first characteristic of the first resonance frequency to another prediction machine to determine a parameter different from the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring, such as stiffness or a defect in the hairspring or the hairspring blank, c2.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- a second prediction step which may consist of submitting to the thermal coefficient prediction machine the second characteristic of the second resonance frequency to determine the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) d 'a watchmaking system including the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the first resonance frequency is used to determine a parameter different from the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring, such as for example stiffness or a defect in the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- the second resonance frequency is used to determine the thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring.
- said another prediction machine can be provided to identify a defect requiring rework or scrapping of the part in question.
- the hairspring with the identified defect cannot be used at all or cannot be used without physical alteration of its geometry and/or its composition and/or its material.
- a step of isolation and/or removal of the part can be planned, for physical rework on the part concerned (modification or scrapping). The part then follows a manufacturing circuit dedicated to non-compliant parts, which includes a rework or scrapping step.
- steps b1 and b2 can be separated by a thermo-compensation step such as an oxidation step, and step a. may include: a1. a first vibrational excitation step, which can be carried out before step b1. and consisting of applying to the hairspring or to the hairspring blank a first vibrational excitation which varies over time to cover a first predetermined frequency range, a2. a second vibrational excitation step, which can be carried out before step b2. and consisting of applying to the oxidized hairspring or to the oxidized hairspring blank a second vibrational excitation which varies over time to cover the first predetermined frequency range or a second predetermined frequency range.
- the first vibrational excitation step makes it possible to determine a stiffness or the presence of a defect
- the second vibrational excitation step makes it possible to determine the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus. (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- step a. can be implemented after an oxidation step, and steps b1. and b2. can take into account or can be based on the same vibration response of the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- steps b1. and b2. can take into account or can be based on the same vibration response of the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- the first resonance frequency can be chosen to be a resonance frequency of a planar resonance mode, preferably for high resonance frequencies, for example greater than 40 kHz, or greater than 60 kHz, and/or
- the second resonance frequency can be chosen to be a resonance frequency of an out-of-plane resonance mode.
- a planar resonance mode is a resonance mode in which the different parts of the hairspring or of the hairspring blank move mainly in the plane of the part at rest. If this plane is defined by directions X and Y, with a direction Z normal to the plane, then the displacements in or equal to the displacements in X or Y, and preferably the displacements in Z are two to three times greater than the displacements in significantly different compared to the same non-oxidized parts. Consequently, to predict a thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or a thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring precisely, it may be preferable to take into account a resonance mode out of plan.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the first resonance frequency may be lower than the second resonance frequency and/or:
- the first resonance frequency can be chosen in a range of values going from 0 Hz to 100 kHz, preferably from 0 Hz to 50 kHz, more preferably from 0 Hz to 40 kHz, and very preferably from 10 kHz to 35 kHz, and or
- the second resonant frequency can be chosen in a range of values going from 0 Hz to 300 kHz, preferably from 50 kHz to 250 kHz, more preferably from 60 kHz to 200 kHz, and very preferably from 100 kHz to 200 kHz.
- an oxidized part can present significantly different resonance mode frequencies compared to the same non-oxidized parts for resonance frequencies greater than 40 kHz, preferably greater than 50 kHz and very preferably greater than 60 kHz . Consequently, to predict a thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or a thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring precisely, it may be preferable to take into account resonance modes with high resonance frequencies.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- step b. may consist of identifying a characteristic of a resonance frequency sensitive to the thermal coefficient of the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- the frequency range of the spectrum obtained does not depend only on the source of vibration excitation but also on the sensor of the measuring instrument used.
- the frequency range is linked both to the excitation frequency range and to the frequency range over which the oscillation amplitude measuring instrument (vibrometer or other) is sensitive.
- the excitation frequency range will be chosen so as to include at least one resonance frequency of the hairspring or blank tested.
- the predetermined resonance frequency that the hairspring must present once finished can be a target natural frequency or a target resonance frequency, or a target natural frequency range, or a target resonance frequency range defined by a tolerance around of a target value.
- the characteristic of a resonance frequency is a characteristic of the oscillatory response measured over a predetermined frequency range, comprising at least one resonance frequency.
- a characteristic is typically identified after processing a raw measurement signal (for example measurement of the amplitudes or speeds or accelerations of movement of certain points of the hairspring or of the hairspring blank), the processing being able to include for example a transform of Fourier to identify resonance peaks and therefore resonance frequencies.
- the method can determine a thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or a thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring to classify the part, and/ or to provide a pairing with other particular components and/or to then calculate/deduce a dimensional correction and/or additional treatment(s) to be applied to obtain a thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) target for the hairspring and/ or a target thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT target thermal coefficient
- the frequency range is applied simultaneously to a plurality of hairsprings or hairspring blanks.
- the speed is improved, because it is typically possible to impose the vibrational excitation on a plate supporting several hundred hairspring blanks, which would for example still be attached to the plate.
- the frequency range is predetermined to encompass at least one frequency range:
- the frequency range will be from 850 Hz to 1150 Hz.
- the hairspring can have at least two expected predetermined resonance frequencies, and the frequency range is predetermined to cover at least the two expected predetermined resonance frequencies. By covering or sweeping a wide frequency range, multiple resonance peaks (or resonant frequencies) can be measured, which can provide greater accuracy.
- step a comprises the use of a source, such as a piezoelectric source, making it possible to induce or impose acoustic excitation on a slice of a wafer supporting the blank of hairspring, or preferably on, or even under the hairspring or the hairspring blank to be specifically excited.
- the acoustic source can be coupled to an excitation cone chosen to excite at least one hairspring or a hairspring blank.
- the acoustic source can be coupled to an excitation cone chosen to excite at least part and preferably all of the spiral blanks.
- the acoustic source can be chosen and/or adjusted to generate vibrational excitation which varies over time to cover the predetermined sequential range:
- step b comprises the use of an optical measuring means, such as a laser Doppler effect vibrometer.
- step b can be based on a measurement over time of an amplitude or a speed or an acceleration of movement of at least one point of the hairspring or of the spiral blank, preferably carried out at least partially during step a.
- step b comprises:
- a step of identifying a resonance frequency of the hairspring or the hairspring blank as a function of an operational or modal deformation of at least one point of the hairspring or the hairspring blank is typically defined by an amplitude or speed of movement or even a acceleration and a direction of oscillation (outside or in a particular plane) depending on the excitation frequency.
- the hairspring or the hairspring blank can be contained in a base plane, and step b can include:
- step b of measuring an amplitude or a speed or an acceleration of movement of at least one point of the hairspring or of the hairspring blank in a direction normal to the base plane, and/or
- step b’ of measuring an amplitude or a speed or an acceleration of movement of at least one point of the hairspring or the hairspring blank in a direction contained in the base plane.
- step b. may include:
- - a step of identifying a resonance peak of the hairspring or the hairspring blank as a function of an amplitude or a speed of movement of at least one point of the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- the characteristic of the resonance frequency can be identified on the basis of the width of the resonance peak, at mid-height of the maximum value of the resonance peak.
- step b comprises a step of processing the measurement signal with for example a Fourier transform, to identify resonance peaks of displacement amplitude or speed or acceleration, and /or phase, depending on the excitation frequency.
- the thermal coefficient prediction machine can be a calculation machine for predicting or calculating from the frequency characteristics the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring.
- the prediction machine is not a regulated or self-regulated system or feedback loop for adjusting a resonant frequency in response to measurement and comparison with a target value.
- the prediction machine is a calculation machine, which may be a calculation unit designed to implement one or more mathematical formulas to predict a thermal coefficient value of Young's modulus (CTE). of the hairspring and/or a thermal coefficient (CT) value of a watch system comprising the hairspring, when it receives as input a value of a physical characteristic measured on the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the prediction machine for example the calculation unit, can be provided to implement one or more mathematical formulas (for example with a polynomial law) constructed by linear regression from data experimental or simulation.
- the prediction machine for example the calculation unit, can be a prediction machine using artificial intelligence software.
- the prediction machine for example the calculation unit, can be a prediction machine using at least one neural network designed to receive as input values or graphs taken from the measurement spectra vibration and designed to output a thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or a thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the thermal coefficient prediction machine can implement a classification carried out for example by a neural network to predict the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the thermal coefficient prediction machine can implement a regression method, for example a linear regression to predict the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring.
- the thermal coefficient prediction machine can implement a classification based on a partitioning into k-means or k-medians to predict the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the balance spring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the balance spring.
- control method may comprise a preliminary step consisting of taking into account the material of the hairspring or of the hairspring blank, and of adjusting a maximum amplitude of the vibratory excitation and/or a frequency range of the Sequential range predetermined depending on the material of the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- step c. determines that the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring is outside a range of expected values
- the method may comprise at least one step consisting of identifying or isolating or retouching or discarding the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- step c. determines that the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring is outside a range of expected values
- the method may comprise at least one step consisting of defining a step of processing the hairspring or the hairspring blank, such as a thermo-compensation, oxidation or deoxidation step, to obtain the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and /or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring in the range of expected values
- step a. is carried out for a plurality of hairsprings or hairspring blanks attached to a plate, and if step c. determines that the thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring is outside a range of expected values for first hairsprings or first blanks of hairsprings and included in the range of values expected for second hairsprings or second hairspring blanks, then we can plan to detach only the second hairsprings or second hairspring blanks and provide a step of processing the first hairsprings or first hairspring blanks, such as a thermo-compensation, oxidation or deoxidation step, to obtain the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring within the range of expected values.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- step a and step b are repeated at least several times for the same measuring point of the hairspring or the hairspring blank.
- step a and step b are synchronized.
- Such synchronization provides the possibility of detecting a phase shift, or an attenuation, or a coupling whose taking into account can improve the precision of the prediction, or make it possible to adjust or realign the source of vibration excitation.
- a second aspect of the invention can relate to a method of manufacturing a hairspring having at least one expected predetermined resonance frequency comprising the steps consisting of:
- the manufacturing process may comprise a step consisting of:
- step C/ identify or isolate or retouch or discard the hairspring or the hairspring blank formed during step A/, if step c. determines that the thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring is outside a range of expected values.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the hairspring blank can be formed on a plate, with a plurality of other hairspring blanks.
- a third aspect of the invention may relate to a method of learning a prediction machine to implement step c. of control method according to the first aspect, comprising the steps consisting of: i- forming hairsprings or hairspring blanks and applying a thermo-compensation step to them, ii- applying vibratory excitation to each of the hairsprings or each of the hairspring blanks variable (i.e. a variable vibrational excitation which encompasses, or preferably the same variable vibrational excitation as, that used during the control process) over time to cover a predetermined frequency range (i.e.
- iii- identify at least one characteristic of a resonance frequency (that is to say a characteristic of a resonant frequency which encompasses, or preferably the same characteristic of a resonant frequency as, that identified during the control method), of each hairspring or each hairspring blank when applying the frequency range predetermined and record the temperature of the parts during step ii- and/or iii-, iv'- mount a plurality of hairsprings or hairspring blanks in an oscillating mechanism having a predetermined inertia so as to measure for each hairspring or spiral blank a maintained oscillation frequency, and/or a step of the watch system formed by, or comprising, the mechanism oscillating at at least one predetermined temperature and preferably at at least two predetermined temperatures, and/or iv” - model in a simulation tool a plurality of hairsprings or hairspring blanks in an oscillating
- step vi- the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring deduced in step vi-.
- FIGS. 3A-3F are a simplified representation of a process for manufacturing a mechanical resonator, here a spiral, on a wafer,
- FIG. 4 represents a device allowing the evaluation of the torque of a hairspring
- FIG. 5 schematically represents the implementation of the evaluation of the stiffness of a hairspring by vibration analysis
- - Figure 6 represents an example of frequencies applied to a silicon wafer supporting spiral blanks, to impose vibrational excitation
- - Figure 7 represents an example of measuring the amplitudes of displacement of a point of a spiral blank, in response to the imposed frequency range of Figure 6,
- Figure 10 represents an example of a prediction model constructed from data extracted from Figure 9,
- FIG. 12 shows the sensitivity of the resonance frequency to the oxide thickness of a silicon hairspring.
- Figures 3A-3F are a simplified representation of a method of manufacturing a mechanical resonator 100 on a plate 10.
- the resonator is in particular intended to equip a regulating member of a timepiece and, according to this example, is in the form of a silicon spiral spring 100 which is intended to equip a balance wheel with a mechanical watch movement.
- the wafer 10 is illustrated in Figure 3A as an SOI wafer (“silicon on insulator”) and comprises a substrate or “handler” 20 carrying a sacrificial layer of silicon oxide (Si ⁇ 2) 30 and a layer of monocrystalline silicon 40.
- the substrate 20 can have a thickness of 500 pm
- the sacrificial layer 30 can have a thickness of 2 pm
- the silicon layer 40 can have a thickness of 120 pm.
- the monocrystalline silicon layer 40 can have any crystalline orientation.
- a lithography step is shown in Figures 3B and 3C.
- lithography we mean all the operations making it possible to transfer an image or pattern on or above the wafer 10 to the latter.
- the layer 40 is covered with a protective layer 50, for example made of a polymerizable resin.
- This layer 50 is structured, typically by a photolithography step using an ultraviolet light source as well as, for example, a photo-mask (or another type of exposure mask) or a stepper and reticle system. This structuring by lithography forms the patterns for the plurality of resonators in layer 50, as illustrated in Figure 3C.
- the patterns are machined, in particular engraved, to form the plurality of resonators 100 in the layer 40.
- the etching can be carried out by a deep reactive ion etching technique (also known by the acronym DRIE for “Deep Reactive Ion Etching”). After etching, the remaining part of the protective layer 50 is subsequently eliminated.
- the resonators are released from the substrate 20 by locally removing the sacrificial layer 30 or even by etching all or part of the silicon from the substrate or handler 20. Smoothing (not shown) of the etched surfaces can also take place before the release step, for example by a thermal oxidation step followed by a deoxidation step, consisting for example of wet etching based on hydrofluoric acid (HF).
- HF hydrofluoric acid
- the turns 110 of the silicon resonator 100 are covered with a layer 120 of silicon oxide (SiO2), typically by a thermal oxidation step to produce a thermo-compensated resonator.
- This layer 120 which generally has a thickness of 2-5 pm, also affects the final stiffness of the resonator and therefore must be taken into account during the previous steps to obtain vibrational characteristics of the hairspring leading to obtaining a particular natural frequency of the hairspring-balance couple in a given watch mechanism.
- the different resonators formed in the wafer generally have a significant geometric dispersion between them and therefore a significant dispersion between their stiffnesses, notwithstanding that the steps pattern formation and machining/etching through these patterns are the same for all resonators.
- resonators 100 made of silicon but it is possible to envisage making the resonators out of glass, ceramic, carbon nanotubes, or even metal.
- conventional hairsprings made of steel or detached from the plate can be tested.
- the metal hairspring or detached from the plate is pinched or taken as a reference by tools which position it opposite the emission source and the displacement measuring device.
- the stiffness of the hairspring can be measured in a so-called static manner, that is to say without putting the hairspring into oscillation, but by determining its torque.
- static manner that is to say without putting the hairspring into oscillation, but by determining its torque.
- FIG. 4 An alternative to the method described in the latter document consists of carrying out a torque measurement using a rheometer, as marketed by the company Anton Paar.
- a device provided for this purpose is illustrated in Figure 4.
- the hairspring 200 is evaluated on a mounting 202, and to position it so that it can be fixed at the level of its last turn by a holding member 204. Once the last turn is fixed, the installation 202 is moved away from the hairspring 200 which is thus completely free of any elastic constraint. The head of the rheometer 206 is then positioned opposite the ferrule of the hairspring.
- the present invention proposes to determine at least one characteristic of a resonance frequency of a sample of resonators 100 on the wafer in step 3F, to deduce a thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and /or a thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring and possibly in step 3E, to deduce a stiffness and/or a structural defect.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the invention proposes to determine at least one characteristic of a resonance frequency of a sample of resonators by vibration measurement and apply a predictive method (for example a digital model or a classification or categorization method) to relate the result of said vibration measurement to the identification of the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring.
- a predictive method for example a digital model or a classification or categorization method
- the result of the prediction can be used to validate produced parts, and/or decide on additional processing to correct the thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring and/or scrapping non-compliant parts in terms of thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the prediction machine is a device which makes it possible to predict, therefore to give or calculate in advance, from one or more measured resonance frequencies, thermal coefficient values of the Young's modulus ( CTE) of the hairspring and/or thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system comprising the hairspring, without coupling the hairspring to a balance wheel, and without carrying out tests at several temperatures.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- - is based on a mathematical model (for example a polynomial law linking one or more resonant frequencies to the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or to the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring) ,
- a mathematical model for example a polynomial law linking one or more resonant frequencies to the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or to the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- a piezoelectric source or any other source making it possible to induce or impose acoustic excitation
- the edge of the wafer on or under the balance spring blank 200 to be specifically excited (preferential) which excites at a particular frequency fo (continuous single-frequency excitation).
- the excitement is maintained.
- the piezoelectric source or any other source making it possible to induce or impose acoustic excitation
- the edge of the wafer on, or under the balance spring blank 200 to be specifically excited (preferential) which excites at a frequency varying over time to cover a predetermined frequency range, for example going from 0 to 300 kHz, preferably from 0 to 275 kHz, preferably from 0 to 250 kHz, preferably from 5kHz to 250 kHz, and preferably from 10 to 235 kHz.
- the entire frequency range can be scanned or covered in a time interval ranging from a fraction of a second to a few seconds. For example, we can plan to scan or cover the frequency range of the frequency range in less than 0.5 s, less than 1 s, or less than
- the excitation frequency changes continuously.
- the excitement is punctual and not sustained.
- the measurements can be carried out following a particular sampling, for example according to a sampling range of 4, 2 or 1 Hz.
- a sampling range of 4, 2 or 1 Hz the resolution for processing the acquisition data according for example to a transform of Fourier depends directly on the duration of this acquisition.
- Optical reflectometry a. Vibration analysis by beam deflection on a multi-dial detector or camera, b. Analysis by TCSPC type temporal analysis,
- Figure 5 schematically represents a silicon wafer 25 on which a plurality of spiral blanks 200 are formed.
- a source of vibration excitation 400 is coupled to the wafer 25, so as to be able to impose vibration excitation . Consequently, each balance spring blank 200 will vibrate, and a laser vibrometer 300, here focused on a point of the blank of hairspring 200 on the right will be able to measure the vibration amplitudes of the measuring point over time.
- the laser vibrometer 300 can be moved to another measurement point of the hairspring blank 200, or moved to another hairspring blank 200 of the plate 25.
- the hairspring blank 200 can be moved relative to the laser vibrometer.
- Figure 6 represents an example of vibration excitation over time.
- the excitation frequency varies over time, between 0 Hz and 50 kHz (but we can plan to go up to 300 kHz), and we can impose a succession of rising edges, each spaced of a period of rest without excitement.
- a plurality of rising edges can be imposed (between 2 rising edges and 60 rising edges), each lasting between 0.5 s and 2 s for example.
- a preliminary step of measuring displacement on a plurality of predetermined points of the hairspring for example at least ten predetermined points, preferably at least twenty predetermined points, and very preferably at least thirty predetermined points.
- this preliminary step of measuring amplitude on the predetermined points it is possible to plan to identify resonance frequencies for each measurement point, and then a step of selecting reference points for which the Measurement of displacement amplitude during excitation shows that they are not nodes at these resonant frequencies.
- the identified nodes present, at at least one resonant frequency, a displacement amplitude of zero or less than a first threshold peak value, and these points forming nodes are separated from the reference points to be considered for subsequent measurements. It can also be noted that the reference points are different depending on the position of the balance spring blank 200 on the plate 25.
- reference points will be selected, and preferably at least four reference points will be selected.
- the resonator has a radius Ra and is anchored or embedded on the plate by its external pinning end, four chosen and located reference points can preferably be selected:
- the reference points are far from the part anchored on the plate and naturally have a significant oscillatory displacement capacity, which ensures better precision of the displacement measurement.
- the ferrule can be considered non-deformable during vibrational excitation and all the points of the ferrule exhibit similar displacements/movements/vibrations. Consequently, a small error in locating the measuring point on the ferrule will have little impact on the final result. Furthermore, by having chosen a particular measurement point on the part, we can identify and choose a particular frequency range to conduct the stiffness prediction.
- an image analysis step to, for example, recognize each type of part, and/or the position of each part
- a step of positioning the substrate or the tooling supporting the parts to be tested in a vibration excitation and measurement device we can automate the excitation and the measurement in the case of a plate which still carries the hairspring blanks:
- an automatic image analysis is carried out to know at least the X-Y position of each part (we can also recognize the type or model of the part),
- a particular excitation cycle can also be selected depending on the type of part or from a particular point,
- each balance spring blank is successively automatically placed opposite the excitation source and the measuring device to be tested by aiming for the correct measurement point and applying the correct excitation specification.
- a step can be provided consisting of giving a particular orientation to the direction of excitation and/or the direction of measurement.
- a measurement direction or an axial direction of a laser beam of the measuring device perpendicular to the part to be tested to maximize the precision of measurement of the displacements perpendicular to the plane formed by the piece at rest.
- a measurement direction or an axial direction of a laser beam from the measuring device inclined relative to the part to be tested to maximize the precision of measuring the displacements contained in the plane formed by the part at rest.
- the area of the curve located between 25% and 75% of the maximum amplitude value of the resonance peak presents better precision than the part above 75% (typically the peak), which offers better precision on the exact resonance frequency determined. For example, we can take the middle of the segment connecting the two points halfway up the resonance peak to determine the resonance frequency associated with the peak in question.
- Figure 7 represents an example of a vibration spectrum for a point of a spiral blank 200 of Figure 5 free of defects, reconstructed from measurements of the amplitude of displacement of the measuring point considered in response to the vibration excitation of Figure 6, between 10 kHz and 15 kHz.
- between 10 and 250 amplitude peaks can typically be identified if the vibrational excitation sweeps over a frequency range between 0 Hz and 300 kHz.
- Each amplitude peak has a resonant frequency, and maximum amplitudes vary greatly.
- Figure 8 represents in detail the processing that can be done on an amplitude peak for a part free of defects, that at 11 kHz for example.
- the goal is to find the resonant frequency and give it as precise a value as possible.
- the applicant realized that better precision could be achieved by determining the length of the segment connecting the rising part and the falling part of the curve, halfway up the peak.
- the resonant frequency typically being the value in the middle of this segment.
- Figure 9 represents, for the example of an amplitude peak at approximately 10 kHz, the amplitude peaks constructed for around ten hairspring blanks 200 tested. It can be noted that from one spiral blank to another, the frequency position of the amplitude peak varies (from approximately 9.8 kHz to 10.02 kHz), and that the maximum displacement amplitude varies in a ratio of 1 to 5 approximately. Since the tops of amplitude peaks are not truly symmetrical, it may be wise to determine the resonant frequency based on the width of the peak at half height. We can also use the width of the peak at half height to determine damping, and compare this damping to a reference value.
- the invention proposes to make a second measurement to determine a thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or a coefficient thermal (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring. [00117] Consequently, we will first describe the steps implemented to determine the stiffness of the parts.
- the stiffness can also be deduced from a measurement of the reaction torque at the ferrule using a rheometer.
- the acquired signal represents the evolution of the torque as a function of the amplitude. Analysis of the slope of this curve for low amplitudes (linear part) makes it possible to deduce the stiffness, and then the dimensions of the resonator bar. We can then determine the dimensions of the hairspring bar.
- Another approach consists of analyzing the forced oscillations of a hairspring on a reference balance wheel with an escapement.
- a laser measurement of the passage times of the balance arms (point clouds), as presented above, makes it possible to measure the frequency and deduce the stiffness.
- An alternative can be considered based on an acoustic acquisition (Witschi type microphone) which records the shocks of the different operating phases of the escapement/anchor system.
- the measured data are either point clouds of the moments of passage of the balance arms, or the temporal evolution of the sound pressure level.
- reference data To be able to predict the stiffness, reference data must first be established or constructed, such as for example a reference spectrum.
- oscillation amplitude measurements are carried out on physical resonators, and resonance frequencies are identified.
- This database can also be supplemented by experimental measurements by measuring vibration spectra, oscillation periods and the positions of hairsprings on the plate as well as their associated stiffnesses.
- One of the advantages of this approach lies in the fact that the training database is enriched as the tests are carried out. This can make it possible to have an adaptive model depending on the plates and hairsprings and contributes to the reduction of the standard deviation in stiffness on the plates.
- This database can be used to build a prediction model, and several solutions are offered.
- a neural network for example a perceptron
- a classification according to stiffness or dimensions of the bar, the classes being able to be defined by increments of values.
- the learning phase includes a test phase (excitation of resonators with measurement of vibration characteristics to reconstruct a vibration spectrum and identify resonance frequencies).
- a phase of measuring the stiffness and/or dimensions of the resonator bar is also carried out.
- the construction phase of the prediction model can be carried out.
- the stiffness can therefore be predicted and compared with the actual stiffness measured as shown in the table below, with for the first six lines the data used to build or train the linear regression, and for the last four lines, a prediction only:
- Figure 10 represents the linear regression line for the values of the first six lines.
- the established prediction model has good sensitivity, that is to say that for two different input values, the model gives two distinct output values.
- the steering coefficient is 0.0015 10 -7 N.mm/Hz.
- the learning phase makes it possible to choose either resonance peaks at high frequencies and/or resonance peaks which correspond to particular resonance modes making it possible to predict precise and reliable values, and the range frequency will be predetermined to include at least one resonance peak and preferably several, to be able to make either a single prediction as precise as possible, or several predictions (one per resonance peak deemed interesting) to then carry out cross-checking, averages or even adjustments of the predicted values.
- the control process can typically be carried out on hairspring blanks made on a plate and still attached to this plate, so as to estimate the stiffness and/or the dimensions of the bar of the hairsprings of the sample, in order to determine whether a correction dimension is to be provided.
- control procedure to be deployed can be as follows:
- the manufacturing process can include, in addition to the above control:
- step 1) and step 2) of the control process to check the spring stiffness/dimensions and confirm that the target values are reached, within a tolerance threshold, or repeat these steps and the dimensional correction until until the stiffness/dimension predicted by the model reaches the target values.
- the corrections can be made for the entire plate in a homogeneous manner, or differentiated by region, if the results obtained vary from one spiral to another. We can thus reduce the standard deviation of the dispersion of stiffnesses. Furthermore, if we know the stiffnesses of all the hairsprings by applying the model, we can determine the optimal correction making it possible to reduce the overall dispersion.
- the method consisting of identifying resonant frequencies by imposing vibratory excitation on the balance spring blanks alone, makes it possible to quickly obtain measurement data, without having to carry out, for example, balance assembly operations, while limiting measurement errors because only the hairspring blank is tested (there is no error that could be linked to the balance, such as its mass, its mounting position, etc.).
- Step 1 measurements or calculations of natural or resonance frequencies on the wafer at several temperatures T (for example 8°C, 23°C and 38°C);
- Step 2 detach the hairsprings, assemble them with a balance wheel and mount them in movements;
- Step 3 measure the thermal coefficients (CT) in motion according to the Swiss Official Chronometer Control (COSC) procedure for example (24 hours at 8°C, 24 hours at 23°C and 24 hours at 38°C);
- Step 4 build a prediction model between the natural or resonance frequencies measured in step 1 and the thermal coefficients (CT) of the movement measured in step 4.
- CT thermal coefficients
- step 1 it may be difficult to carry out the vibration measurement for several temperatures.
- a single temperature for example 23°C, clean room temperature
- building a digital model capable of estimating the evolution of the natural frequencies with the temperature according to the following procedure:
- the resonance frequency was significantly affected by different oxidation values (implying variations in the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and therefore variations in the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring) for certain resonance modes only.
- Figure 12 shows that the sensitivity of the resonance frequency to the thickness of the oxide layer to predict the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring (CT curve) increases for certain resonance modes from approximately the 100th resonance mode identified. It can be concluded that it is advantageous to take into account resonance modes that have high resonance frequencies to predict the thermal coefficient of Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a system watchmaker including the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the same figure 12 shows that the sensitivity of the resonance frequency to the thickness of the oxide layer and/or to the ratio of thickness of the silicon core vs thickness of silicon oxide, to predict the stiffness ( curve R) decreases for certain resonance modes from approximately the 100th resonance mode identified. It can be concluded that it is advantageous to take into account resonance modes that have low resonance frequencies to predict the stiffness of the hairspring.
- the applicant has noticed that for the resonance modes having a high frequency, the sensitivity of the resonance frequency is particularly high for the so-called "out-of-plane” resonance modes, whereas the resonance modes so-called “plane” resonance do not present any particular sensitivity.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- Step 3 can be carried out by detaching the parts measured in step 1 and mounting them in a reference movement, and the progress of these movements can be measured according to the three temperatures 8°C, 23°C , 38°C.
- a thermal coefficient prediction machine can use it to predict, from for example resonance frequency data, for an out-of-plane resonance mode having a resonance frequency high, the thermal coefficient of the Young's modulus (CTE) of the hairspring and/or the thermal coefficient (CT) of a watch system including the hairspring.
- CTE Young's modulus
- CT thermal coefficient
- the thermal coefficient prediction machine can receive as input the reference of the watch device in question, or its value or contribution to the thermal coefficient.
- the various parameters which intervene in the CT of the movement are constant and do not constitute adjustment variables.
- the invention makes it possible to simplify the manufacturing and control processes of silicon resonators to manufacture movements having little or no sensitivity to temperature variations:
- the data taken from the vibration response and used for these predictions of stiffness or presence of defects are not necessarily the same as those for the prediction of the thermal coefficient and it can even be considered that in a preferred manner , the data taken from the vibration response and used are different and distinct from those for the thermal coefficient prediction.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22185552.1A EP4310598A1 (fr) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d'horlogerie |
| PCT/EP2023/069829 WO2024017847A1 (fr) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-07-17 | Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d'horlogerie |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4558866A1 true EP4558866A1 (fr) | 2025-05-28 |
| EP4558866B1 EP4558866B1 (fr) | 2026-01-28 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP22185552.1A Pending EP4310598A1 (fr) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d'horlogerie |
| EP23744158.9A Active EP4558866B1 (fr) | 2022-07-18 | 2023-07-17 | Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d'horlogerie |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP22185552.1A Pending EP4310598A1 (fr) | 2022-07-18 | 2022-07-18 | Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d'horlogerie |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (2) | EP4310598A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025525605A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119585681A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024017847A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4589392A1 (fr) | 2024-01-17 | 2025-07-23 | Richemont International S.A. | Procédé de contrôle d'éléments inertiels horlogers |
| EP4614242A1 (fr) * | 2024-03-04 | 2025-09-10 | Richemont International S.A. | Fabrication et appairage de composants horlogers |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH281496A (de) * | 1949-01-04 | 1952-03-15 | Smith & Sons Ltd S | Einrichtung für das selbsttätige Regulieren der Frequenz eines Systems Unruhe-Spiralfeder. |
| ATE307990T1 (de) | 2002-11-25 | 2005-11-15 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Spiraluhrwerkfeder und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
| CN101878454B (zh) | 2007-11-28 | 2013-01-16 | 尤利西斯·雅典钟表及天文时计制造厂(勒洛克勒)股份有限公司 | 具有优化的热弹性系数的机械振荡器 |
| CN103105769B (zh) * | 2011-11-09 | 2015-10-28 | 天津海鸥表业集团有限公司 | 一种摆轮游丝系统周期及摆幅光电测量仪 |
| JP5859132B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-31 | 2016-02-10 | シチズンホールディングス株式会社 | 機械式時計用ひげぜんまい材料とこれを用いたひげぜんまい |
| EP3100120A1 (fr) | 2014-01-29 | 2016-12-07 | Cartier International AG | Ressort spiral thermocompensé en céramique comprenant l' élément silicium dans sa composition et son procédé de réglage |
| JP6486697B2 (ja) * | 2014-02-26 | 2019-03-20 | シチズン時計株式会社 | ひげぜんまいの製造方法及びひげぜんまい |
| KR102521159B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-25 | 2023-04-13 | 피디에프 솔루션즈, 인코포레이티드 | 반도체 제조 공정을 위한 개선된 공정 제어 기술 |
| FR3032810B1 (fr) | 2015-02-13 | 2017-02-24 | Tronic's Microsystems | Oscillateur mecanique et procede de realisation associe |
| EP3181939B1 (fr) | 2015-12-18 | 2019-02-20 | CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement | Procede de fabrication d'un spiral d'une raideur predeterminee par ajout de matiere |
| EP3181938B1 (fr) | 2015-12-18 | 2019-02-20 | CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement | Procede de fabrication d'un spiral d'une raideur predeterminee par retrait de matiere |
| TWI796444B (zh) * | 2018-03-20 | 2023-03-21 | 瑞士商百達翡麗日內瓦股份有限公司 | 用於製造精確剛度之時計熱補償游絲的方法 |
| JP7182616B2 (ja) * | 2018-04-19 | 2022-12-02 | シチズン時計株式会社 | ひげぜんまいおよび調速機 |
| EP3654111B1 (fr) | 2018-11-15 | 2022-02-16 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Procédé de mesure de couple d'un spiral d'horlogerie et son dispositif |
| CH716603A1 (fr) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-31 | Sigatec Sa | Procédé de fabrication de spiraux horlogers. |
| EP4030243B1 (fr) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-09-25 | Richemont International S.A. | Procédé de controle et de fabrication de ressorts spiraux d' horlogerie |
-
2022
- 2022-07-18 EP EP22185552.1A patent/EP4310598A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-07-17 JP JP2025503016A patent/JP2025525605A/ja active Pending
- 2023-07-17 WO PCT/EP2023/069829 patent/WO2024017847A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-07-17 EP EP23744158.9A patent/EP4558866B1/fr active Active
- 2023-07-17 CN CN202380054727.5A patent/CN119585681A/zh active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2024017847A1 (fr) | 2024-01-25 |
| EP4310598A1 (fr) | 2024-01-24 |
| CN119585681A (zh) | 2025-03-07 |
| EP4558866B1 (fr) | 2026-01-28 |
| JP2025525605A (ja) | 2025-08-05 |
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