EP4551957A1 - Procédé de détection d'un risque de défaillance par déséquilibre d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant un ensemble d'étages de cellules électrochimiques - Google Patents
Procédé de détection d'un risque de défaillance par déséquilibre d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant un ensemble d'étages de cellules électrochimiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4551957A1 EP4551957A1 EP23738694.1A EP23738694A EP4551957A1 EP 4551957 A1 EP4551957 A1 EP 4551957A1 EP 23738694 A EP23738694 A EP 23738694A EP 4551957 A1 EP4551957 A1 EP 4551957A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- function
- extremum
- sub
- difference
- energy storage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of monitoring energy storage devices comprising a set of stages of electrochemical cells, the stages being electrically connected in series, each stage comprising one to several electrochemical cells in parallel, in particular lithium-ion type cells. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for detecting a risk of failure by imbalance between the stages in series of such an energy storage device. The invention also relates to monitoring equipment configured to implement such a detection method.
- Certain energy storage devices comprise a set of stages of electrochemical cells, in particular of the lithium-ion type, electrically connected in series in order to obtain a desired target voltage, each stage comprising one or more electrochemical cells electrically connected in parallel in order to obtain a desired target capacity.
- SOC state-of-charge
- cell imbalance a state-of-charge imbalance commonly called SOC (state-of-charge) can appear between the stages in series.
- SOC state-of-charge
- cell imbalance a state-of-charge imbalance
- problems of state of charge dispersion during cell assembly problems of self-discharge dispersion, capacity, or even resistance between cells, which can themselves be the consequence of dispersion problems in cell manufacturing, or even dispersion problems in the conditions of use in operation leading to different aging kinetics.
- these imbalances are most often corrected by an electronic balancing system. However, sometimes the imbalance is such that it cannot be compensated.
- stage of electrochemical cells presenting a risk of imbalance, or already unbalanced generally has a voltage at its terminals which is significantly different from the voltage across the other stages and can thus be identified.
- State of health indicators providing an indicator of the state of aging of an energy storage device or of a stage composing the energy storage device are also known. Such indicators are complex to calculate and do not make it possible to detect a risk of failure due to imbalance of at least one stage of electrochemical cells composing the energy storage device.
- energy storage units In the same time, with the generalization of equipment embedding an energy storage unit, in particular motor vehicles embedding a lithium-ion battery, there is an increasingly large quantity of energy storage units, called energy storage units.
- second life which can be used for stationary energy storage, in particular for storing electrical energy produced by an intermittent energy production source (for example solar or wind energy) with a view to restoring this energy gradually.
- an intermittent energy production source for example solar or wind energy
- These different energy storage units are gathered and electrically connected together to form a larger capacity energy storage device.
- the energy storage units which make up such energy storage devices may have different levels of wear or age, the risk of observing an imbalance between the energy storage units is particularly important.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a method for detecting a risk of failure due to imbalance of an energy storage device comprising a set of stages of electrochemical cells, the stages being electrically connected in series , the detection method remedying the above drawbacks and improving the detection methods known from the prior art.
- a first object of the invention is a method making it possible to detect early a risk of failure due to imbalance of an energy storage device.
- a second object of the invention is a method for detecting a risk of failure by imbalance which can be implemented during partial charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device.
- the invention relates to a method for detecting a risk of failure due to imbalance of an energy storage device comprising a set of stages electrically connected together in series and made up of electrochemical cells electrically connected together. them in parallel, the detection method comprising:
- a step of determining a first function characterizing correct operation of at least one stage the first function defining a relationship between on the one hand a quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in the at least one stage and d 'on the other hand a time elapsed during a charge or a discharge of the at least one stage,
- the first function can define a relationship between on the one hand an average over all the stages of the energy storage device of a quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in each stage and on the other hand a time elapsed during a charge or discharge of all the stages of the energy storage device.
- Said quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in a stage may be an incremental capacity of this stage.
- the step of calculating a difference between said first function and said second function may include a sub-step of calculating an integral value of a difference between the first function and the second function.
- the step of calculating a difference between said first function and said second function may include:
- the step of calculating a difference between said first function and said second function may include:
- the step of calculating a difference between said first function and said second function may include:
- D_SOC D_T x l_avg / Q, where:
- D_SOC designates the state of charge imbalance
- D_T designates the difference between the charging or discharging duration at the end of which the first function reaches an extremum and the charging or discharging duration at the end of which the second function reaches a corresponding extremum
- l_moy designates the average charging current
- the step of calculating a difference between said first function and said second function may include:
- Said first function and/or said second function can be determined:
- the step of determining the first function and/or the second function then comprising a sub-step of filtering the quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in a stage.
- the step of comparing said difference to a threshold may include:
- the first threshold can be determined as a function of an observed dispersion of said difference, and the second threshold can be determined as a function of an admissible overload by at least one stage of electrochemical cells of the energy storage device.
- the invention also relates to equipment for monitoring an energy storage device comprising a set of electrochemical stages electrically connected in series, the monitoring equipment comprising hardware and software means configured to implement implements the method of detecting a risk of failure by imbalance of the energy storage device as defined previously.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of an energy storage device to which monitoring equipment is connected according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 2 is a block diagram of a method for detecting a risk of failure due to imbalance of an energy storage device according to one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 is a graph representing the incremental capacity of different stages of the energy storage device as a function of time elapsed during a charge of the energy storage device.
- Figure 4 is a graph representing the incremental capacity of the different stages of the energy storage device as a function of the voltage across these stages during charging of the energy storage device.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an energy storage device 1 comprising a set of stages 2 of electrochemical cells electrically connected to each other. Stages 2 are electrically connected in series. Each stage 2 may comprise one or more electrochemical cells 3, also called “accumulators” or “rechargeable batteries”, electrically connected together in series and/or in parallel. Each cell 3 includes a positive electrode, or cathode, and a negative electrode, or anode. The cathodes of the different cells 3 are connected directly or indirectly to a positive terminal of a stage 2. Likewise, the anodes of the different cells 3 are connected directly or indirectly to a negative terminal of a stage 2. The positive and negative terminals of each stage 2 are connected respectively, directly or indirectly, to a positive and negative terminal of the energy storage device 1. The different stages can be removably assembled into the energy storage device such that it can be removed and/or replaced.
- the energy storage device 1 comprises four stages 2 electrically connected in series.
- Each stage 2 comprises six cells 3 electrically connected in parallel.
- the number of stages 2 and/or cells 3 could be different.
- all stages 2 include an identical number and arrangement of cells 3.
- they can include substantially identical theoretical operating modes, in particular voltages at their terminals and a capacity which are comparable.
- the stages 2 and/or the cells 3 composing the energy storage device 1 may optionally be respectively so-called second life stages and/or cells, that is to say stages and/or cells resulting from a re-manufacturing process after having been integrated into a first system.
- the energy storage device 1 may be composed of a set of electric or hybrid automobile vehicle batteries. These batteries may have been used to store energy for the propulsion of the vehicle during a first life, then have been dismantled for a second life when the vehicle was used.
- the energy storage device 1 may be intended to store electrical energy produced by an intermittent energy production source (for example solar or wind energy).
- the cells 3 making up the energy storage device 1 are preferably lithium-ion type cells. In such cells, lithium ions can be reversibly exchanged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. All cells 3 of the same energy storage device 1 preferably have the same chemical composition.
- the negative electrode may comprise a material based on graphite (LixC6) or based on lithium titanate (LTO).
- the positive electrode can be based on one of the following materials:
- NMC Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide
- NCA Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide
- the cells 3 making up the energy storage device 1 could be of the sodium-ion type.
- the different cells 3 and the stages 2 which include the cells 3 are intended to operate in a balanced manner. The imbalance of a stage 2 can lead to loss of performance, or even a thermal runaway of this stage and therefore to a failure of the energy storage device 1.
- the energy storage device 1 also includes an electronic control system 4, commonly referred to as BMS (acronym for "Battery Management”). System”), which is configured to control the state and/or operation of the energy storage device 1.
- BMS battery Management
- System Battery Management
- the electronic control system 4 can be configured to control each cell 3 individually or a set of cells 3 interconnected they in the form of a stage 2.
- the electronic control system 4 is configured to determine and/or measure the following data:
- a large majority of batteries or energy storage units produced or in service throughout the world include an electronic control system 4 which is already configured to provide this data. It is therefore not necessary to modify the existing electronic control systems 4 to implement the invention.
- the electric current passing through the energy storage device 1 is equal to the electric current passing through each of the stages 2.
- the electronic control system 4 can also be configured to provide other data including the voltage across each stage of the energy storage device 1, the state of charge of the energy storage device 1 (commonly referred to as SOC), the state of health of the energy storage device 1 (commonly called SOH), etc.
- the electronic control system 4 is connected via a data exchange network to monitoring equipment 5 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the monitoring equipment 5 notably comprises a memory 6, a microprocessor 7, an input/output interface 8 configured to receive data from the electronic control system 4 and configured to communicate with a man-machine interface 9, for example a computer equipped with a screen.
- the memory 6 is a data recording medium comprising instruction codes which, when executed by the microprocessor 7, lead it to implement a method of detecting a risk of failure by imbalance of the energy storage device 1, according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the monitoring equipment 5 can be connected to the electronic control system 4 via a data exchange network such as the Internet. Alternatively, the monitoring equipment 5 can be integrated into a box connected to the electronic control system 4 by a direct wire connection, or even be integrated into the electronic control system 4.
- the method is based on data calculated or measured, by the electronic control system 4, during a charging or discharging phase of the energy storage unit 1.
- the method does not require charging or discharging. complete discharge of the energy storage device 1.
- only a partial charge or discharge is sufficient for the implementation of the method.
- the method can be implemented during a charge or a discharge in which the state of charge of the energy storage device 1 varies between 25% and 75% of its total charge capacity.
- the determination process can be broken down into five steps El, E2, E3, E4, E5 represented schematically in Figure 2.
- a first step El the electronic control system 4 transmits to the monitoring equipment 5 the values of the following quantities:
- These values can for example be transmitted in the form of time series, periodically and/or at the end of each charging or discharging phase of the energy storage device 1.
- a first function fl is determined, characterizing correct operation of at least one stage 2.
- correct operation we understand normal or nominal operation of at least a stage 2, that is to say the operation of a non-failing stage.
- the first function fl is equal to an average function calculated on the basis of all the stages of the energy storage device 1. This first embodiment is therefore based on the hypothesis that the average of all stages is representative of correct operation.
- the definition of the first function on the basis of an average of all the stages of the storage device makes it possible to make the detection method more robust, and in particular to maintain effective detection even when one of the stages presents an abnormally high voltage at its limits.
- the first function fl is a mathematical function, representable on a graph such as the graph in Figure 3, and which can be defined by a set of points.
- the first function defines a relationship between on the one hand a quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in at least one stage (represented on the ordinate in Figure 3), and on the other hand a time elapsed during a charge or of a discharge of at least one stage (shown on the abscissa in Figure 3, and expressed for example in hours).
- the functions represented in Figure 3 are representative of a charge of the energy storage device: the state of charge increases as we progress along the abscissa axis. These functions can therefore be determined during a charging phase of the energy storage device. Alternatively, these functions can also be calculated during discharges of the energy storage device by reversing the orientation of the abscissa axis.
- the quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in at least one stage is equal to an incremental capacity (dQ/dU, expressed for example in Ampere-hours per volt) of the at least a floor.
- the incremental capacity of a stage is defined by a ratio of a charge quantity differential dQ of this stage to a voltage differential dU across this stage.
- the quantity relating to a quantity of charge circulating in at least one stage could be defined differently. It could for example be equal to dU/dQ, or to a function derived from dQ/dU or dU/dQ. This function could even be defined so as to be independent of the voltage differential dU across this stage.
- the first function fl can be determined in the following manner: first of all, a first intermediate function is calculated defining a relationship between the electric current I circulating in the energy storage device and the time elapsed during a period of charging or discharging the energy storage device. Then, a second intermediate function is calculated defining a relationship between a quantity of charges Q circulating in each stage and the elapsed time by integrating the first intermediate function over the charging or discharging period considered. This second intermediate function is combined with a third intermediate function establishing a relationship between the average voltage U_moy and the elapsed time. We can thus calculate a fourth intermediate function defining a relationship between the quantity of charges Q circulating in each stage and the average voltage U_moy.
- this fifth intermediate function is combined with the third intermediate function establishing a relationship between the average voltage U_moy and the elapsed time t so as to obtain the first function fl.
- the first function fl it is possible to determine for each stage the function defining the relationship between the incremental capacity of this stage and the elapsed time. Then, we can perform an arithmetic average of the functions determined for each stage. This method allows more precise detection but requires more computational resources because the calculations are repeated for each stage of the energy storage device. In addition, this method requires that the electronic control system 4 supplies the voltage across each stage of the energy storage device.
- the at least one stage whose operation is correct could be defined as stage 2 whose voltage at its terminals is closest to the average voltage of the set of stages 2 of the energy storage device 1.
- the first function could be defined differently, for example by means of a theoretical function or by identifying by any means one or more stages of the data storage device. energy 1 which functions correctly and by determining the relationship between the incremental capacity circulating in this or these stages and the time elapsed during a charge or a discharge.
- a first function fl representative of normal operation of one or more stages.
- This first function can be determined according to several different methods but which have the common point of defining a relationship between on the one hand a quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in a stage and on the other hand a time elapsed during a charging or discharging the energy storage device.
- This first function is therefore a reference function and serves as a basis of comparison to determine whether a particular stage presents a risk of failure by imbalance.
- a second function f2 is determined to be compared with the first function previously defined.
- the second function f2 is a mathematical function, representable on a graph such as the graph in Figure 3, and which can be defined by a set of points.
- the third step E3 can be executed before or after the second step E2 or in parallel with the second step E2.
- the second function f2 defines a relationship between on the one hand the quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in the stage having the lowest voltage at its terminals among all the stages of the energy storage device and on the other hand a time elapsed during a charge or a discharge of this stage.
- the quantity relating to the quantity of charges circulating in the stage having the lowest voltage at its terminals is equal to the incremental capacity of this stage.
- the method for determining the second function f2 can be analogous to the method for determining the first function fl.
- the second function f2 can be determined in the following manner: first of all, a first intermediate function is calculated defining a relationship between the electric current I circulating in the energy storage device and the time elapsed during a period of charging or discharging the energy storage device. Then, a second intermediate function is calculated defining a relationship between a quantity of charges Q circulating in the stage having the lowest voltage at its terminals and the time elapsed by integrating the first intermediate function over the charging or discharging period. This second intermediate function is combined with a third intermediate function establishing a relationship between the minimum voltage U_min and the elapsed time.
- the graph on which the second function is representable is identical to the graph on which the first function is representable.
- the form of the first function is the same as the form of the second function so as to allow a comparison of these two functions.
- the quantity of charges circulating in each stage is calculated more precisely during a charging or discharging phase of the energy storage device at a slow speed, in particular a speed less than or equal to C /5, that is to say with a charging current allowing the energy storage device to be completely recharged in at least five hours.
- the quantity of charges circulating in each stage can also be calculated during a charging or discharging phase of the energy storage device at a faster speed, in particular a speed strictly greater than C/5.
- the steps E2 and E3 of determining the first function and/or the second function advantageously comprising a sub-step of filtering the quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in a stage.
- the first function fl and the second function f2 are defined over a given charge or discharge period which may correspond to a partial charge or discharge of the energy storage device.
- the period over which the first function fl and the second function f2 are defined can be restricted compared to the total duration necessary to completely charge or discharge the energy storage device, with the same charging regime, from a state of charge of 0% in the case of a charge or respectively from a state of charge of 100% in the case of a discharge.
- the period over which the first function fl and the second function f2 are defined may be less than or equal to 75%, or even less than or equal to 50%, or even less than or equal to 25% of the total duration.
- the period over which the first function fl and the second function f2 are defined is sufficient to identify at least one extremum of the first function and at least one extremum of the second function, or even at least two extremums of the first function and at least two extrema of the second function, or even three extrema of the first function and three extrema of the second function.
- the first maximum value VM21 of the second function is generally less than or equal to the second maximum value VM22 of the second function.
- the maximum values VMll and VM12 of the first function are strictly greater respectively than the maximum values VM21 and VM22 of the second function.
- the durations Tll and T12 are strictly less than the durations T21 and T22 respectively.
- the first function fl reaches a minimum value VM13 after a duration T13.
- the second function f2 reaches a minimum value VM23 after a duration T23.
- the minimum value VM13 is strictly less than the maximum value VM23 and that the duration T13 is strictly less than the duration T23.
- the two maximum values VMll and VM12 and the minimum value VM13 constitute three extrema of the first function.
- the two maximum values VM21 and VM22 and the minimum value VM23 constitute three extrema of the second function.
- a difference is calculated between said first function fl and said second function f2.
- the fourth step E4 comprises a sub-step of calculating an integral value of a difference between the first function fl and the second function f2.
- This integral calculation can in particular be carried out over the entire period over which the first function and the second function are defined. This calculation therefore essentially amounts to calculating the area defined between the first function and the second function.
- the integral calculation can be based on an absolute value of the difference between the first function fl and the second function f2.
- the integral calculation of the periods where the first function is strictly greater than the second function is added to the integral calculation of the periods where the first function is strictly less than the second function.
- An advantage of determining said difference on the basis of an integral calculation is that this method can be implemented over any charging or discharging period, including a partial charging or discharging period in which the functions fl and/or f2 do not reach all their extrema.
- the detection method makes it possible to detect an imbalance even when the energy storage device undergoes incomplete charge and discharge cycles.
- Another advantage of determining said difference on the basis of an integral calculation is that this method makes it possible to detect a difference even when the maximum values VMll and VM12 of the first function are substantially equal to the maximum values VM21 and VM22 of the second function ( we then only have a time shift between the two functions fl and f2). Likewise, this method makes it possible to detect a difference even when the durations Tll and T12 are substantially equal to the durations T21 and T22 of the second function (we then only have a shift in amplitude between the two functions fl and f2).
- the difference between the first function fl and the second function f2 can be calculated by a difference in amplitude between these two functions.
- the fourth step comprises a sub-step of estimating at least one extremum (in particular the values VMll, VM12 or VM13) reached by the first function, and a sub-step of estimating at least one extremum reached by the second function (respectively the values VM21, VM22 or VM23).
- the fourth step E4 comprises a sub-step of calculating a difference between the extremum reached by the first function and the extremum reached by the second function.
- This difference is therefore equal to VMll - VM21, or to VM12 - VM22, or even to VM13 - VM23.
- the difference can also be equal to a result calculated based on the three differences to VMll - VM21, VM12 - VM22, and VM13 - VM23, or even equals a result calculated according to two differences among these three differences.
- the difference between the first function fl and the second function f2 can be calculated by a temporal difference between the two functions fl and f2.
- the fourth step comprises a sub-step of detecting an extremum VMll, VM12, VM13 reached by the first function fl followed by a sub-step of estimating the duration Til, T12, T13 of load or of discharge at the end of which the first function reaches its extremum.
- the fourth step includes a sub-step for detecting an extremum VM21, VM22, VM23 reached by the second function, then a sub-step for estimating the duration T21 T22, T23 of load or of discharge at the end of which the second function reaches its extremum. Then, at least one of the differences T11 -T21, and/or T12 -T22, and/or T13 - T23 is calculated. The difference can thus be equal to Til - T21, or to T12 - T22, or even to T13 - T23.
- the difference can also be equal to a result calculated according to the three differences at Til - T21, T12 - T22, and T13 - T23, or even equal to a result calculated according to two differences among these three differences.
- This alternative embodiment has the advantage of detecting an imbalance between the stages which mainly results in a time difference between the two functions. We are thus able to detect an imbalance in the charging and discharging inertia of the different stages.
- said difference between the first function and the second function can be equal to any result calculated as a function of all or part of the six differences VMll - VM21, VM12 - VM22, VM13 - VM23, TU - T21, T12 - T22, and T13 - T23.
- a fifth step E5 the difference calculated during the fourth step is compared with a threshold. Then, if the difference is strictly greater than said threshold, a witness can be stored in the memory 6 of the monitoring equipment 5. This witness can be read by the man-machine interface 9. Then, the man-machine interface 9 can generate an alert message indicating that a stage of the energy storage device presents a risk of failure by imbalance.
- the comparison of functions defining a relationship between a quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in a stage and a time elapsed at the during a charge or discharge of the energy storage device makes it possible to detect in a very early manner a drift warning of a risk of thermal runaway. It was thus observed energy storage devices 1 whose simple observation of the voltage at the terminals of the different stages did not make it possible to identify any anomaly several months before a failure occurred.
- the implementation of the method according to the invention on this energy storage device makes it possible to identify a risk of failure due to imbalance several months before it occurs.
- the detection method generally makes it possible to identify the stage of the energy storage device responsible for this anomaly. The stage in question can then easily be removed or replaced during a maintenance operation.
- Figure 4 illustrates in a comparative manner two functions fl' and f2' respectively characterizing correct operation of at least one stage and the operation of a stage having the lowest voltage at its terminals among all the stages of the energy storage device.
- the two functions fl' and f2' establish a relationship between an incremental capacitance dQ/dU (on the ordinate) and a voltage U across the stage concerned.
- the functions fl' and f2' are constructed on the basis of the same energy storage device as previously described and during the same charging phase as that which made it possible to calculate the functions fl and f2 represented in Figure 3.
- the fifth step E5 can comprise:
- the first threshold is determined as a function of a normal dispersion of said quantity relating to a quantity of charges circulating in a stage.
- the first threshold can thus be defined as equal to or slightly greater than the greatest difference (as calculated during step E4) observed over a sufficiently long period, with an energy storage device of which all stages are functioning correctly.
- the first threshold can also correspond to a threshold beyond which the electronic control system 4 can no longer succeed in compensating for imbalances between the different stages of the energy storage device.
- the second threshold can be determined as a function of an admissible overload by at least one stage of electrochemical cells of the energy storage device.
- the admissible overload designates the percentage of loads that a floor is capable of supporting before irreversible degradation. In other words, if this difference exceeds the admissible overload, then a thermal runaway will definitely occur.
- the fourth step E4 can comprise a sub-step of calculating an average charging current l_moy of the energy storage device between the moment when the first function fl reaches a extrema VMll, VM12, VM13 and the instant when the second function f2 reaches one of the corresponding extrema VM21, VM22, VM23.
- the charging current I (the value of which is provided by the electronic control system 4) is substantially constant between these two instants and the average charging current l_moy is equal to this value.
- the load current I may undergo certain variations between these two instants and in this case a time average can be calculated.
- the fourth step E4 can include a sub-step of calculating a variation in state of charge D_SOC by means of a multiplication of the difference between the charging or discharging duration Til, T12, T13 at the end of which the first function reaches one of its extrema and the duration T21 T22, T23 of charge or discharge at the end of which the second function reaches the extremum VM21, VM22, VM23 corresponding with the average charging current l_moy.
- the state of charge imbalance D_SOC is equal to a ratio between two quantities of charges and can be expressed as a percentage.
- the state of charge imbalance D_SOC can be compared to a first threshold and a second threshold as explained previously.
- the first threshold can for example be between 5% and 20%.
- the second alert threshold strictly greater than the first alert threshold, can for example be between 20% and 40%.
- the invention has the advantage of not requiring any prior characterization of the energy storage device or a similar energy storage device. Indeed, according to the invention, said function characterizing correct operation of at least one stage is established directly with the energy storage device for which a risk of failure by imbalance is sought to be detected. According to the invention, the operation of the stage having the lowest voltage at its terminals is compared with the operation of other stages of the same energy storage device.
- the method according to the invention is therefore much simpler to implement than previously known detection methods.
- the method can be implemented on any energy storage device comprising a set of stages electrically connected together in series, without characterization or calculation of theoretical good operation of this energy storage device.
- the monitoring equipment implementing the detection method according to the invention is thus "plug-and-play", that is to say it is functional as soon as it is connected to the electronic control system of an energy storage device.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2206730A FR3137457B1 (fr) | 2022-07-04 | 2022-07-04 | Procédé de détection d'un risque de défaillance par déséquilibre d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant un ensemble d’étages de cellules électrochimiques |
| PCT/EP2023/068390 WO2024008715A1 (fr) | 2022-07-04 | 2023-07-04 | Procédé de détection d'un risque de défaillance par déséquilibre d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant un ensemble d'étages de cellules électrochimiques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4551957A1 true EP4551957A1 (fr) | 2025-05-14 |
Family
ID=84053065
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23738694.1A Pending EP4551957A1 (fr) | 2022-07-04 | 2023-07-04 | Procédé de détection d'un risque de défaillance par déséquilibre d'un dispositif de stockage d'énergie comprenant un ensemble d'étages de cellules électrochimiques |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250362351A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4551957A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3259363A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3137457B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024008715A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017102668A1 (de) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer Temperatur eines Batteriesystems |
| DE102017102877A1 (de) * | 2017-02-14 | 2018-08-16 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines Batteriesystems |
| CN110015185B (zh) * | 2017-08-31 | 2022-09-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 电池均衡方法、系统、车辆、存储介质及电子设备 |
| KR102824059B1 (ko) * | 2019-11-26 | 2025-06-20 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 배터리 상태 진단 장치 및 방법 |
| CN112701757A (zh) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-04-23 | 国网上海市电力公司 | 电池组在线均衡方法及系统 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-04 FR FR2206730A patent/FR3137457B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-07-04 US US18/874,888 patent/US20250362351A1/en active Pending
- 2023-07-04 CA CA3259363A patent/CA3259363A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-04 WO PCT/EP2023/068390 patent/WO2024008715A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-07-04 EP EP23738694.1A patent/EP4551957A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3137457A1 (fr) | 2024-01-05 |
| US20250362351A1 (en) | 2025-11-27 |
| WO2024008715A1 (fr) | 2024-01-11 |
| CA3259363A1 (fr) | 2024-01-11 |
| FR3137457B1 (fr) | 2024-11-29 |
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