EP4486566A1 - Wellenleiter zum anzeigen eines bildes sowie holographische anzeige mit einem solchen wellenleiter - Google Patents
Wellenleiter zum anzeigen eines bildes sowie holographische anzeige mit einem solchen wellenleiterInfo
- Publication number
- EP4486566A1 EP4486566A1 EP23702590.3A EP23702590A EP4486566A1 EP 4486566 A1 EP4486566 A1 EP 4486566A1 EP 23702590 A EP23702590 A EP 23702590A EP 4486566 A1 EP4486566 A1 EP 4486566A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- layer
- hologram
- waveguide
- base body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/32—Holograms used as optical elements
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- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
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- B32B17/10155—Edge treatment or chamfering
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
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- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
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- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
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- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/416—Reflective
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/418—Refractive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Q3/00—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors
- B60Q3/60—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects
- B60Q3/62—Arrangement of lighting devices for vehicle interiors; Lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle interiors characterised by optical aspects using light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
- G02B2027/0105—Holograms with particular structures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
- G02B2027/0109—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements comprising details concerning the making of holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
- G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H2001/0208—Individual components other than the hologram
- G03H2001/0216—Optical components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2222/00—Light sources or light beam properties
- G03H2222/34—Multiple light sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/16—Optical waveguide, e.g. optical fibre, rod
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waveguide for displaying an image and a holographic display using such a waveguide.
- Modern micro-optical processes allow complex tasks such as imaging or the monitoring of the environment to be integrated unobtrusively or almost invisibly, e.g. in large-format glass surfaces, for example using holographic-optical elements (HOE).
- HOE holographic-optical elements
- This allows, for example, transparent displays (e.g. in shop windows, refrigeration units, car and truck side or windscreens), lighting applications, such as information and warning signals in any glass surface (e.g. in the field of architecture, in the automotive sector or even in design glazing), light-sensitive detection systems such as interior monitoring (e.g. eye tracking in vehicles and presence status of people in the interior) can be implemented.
- the disadvantage here is that the light must be guided within the panes at all times by total reflection at the outer boundary surfaces or by very complex microstructures between the outer boundary surfaces.
- pane formats that can be used are very limited if the surrounding pane substrates are tinted, as is the case with car panes. A tinting of 30% means that less than 1% light can propagate through the pane after a distance of only 30 cm between the in-coupling surface and the out-coupling surface. The rest is lost through absorption within the disk.
- the invention is defined in independent claims 1 and 12. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. Since, according to the invention, the coupled bundle of rays is reflected by one or more reflections, in particular by one or more total internal reflections at the interface between the first and second layer, the susceptibility to faults in the light guide can be significantly reduced.
- the waveguide according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the bundle of rays impinging on the image hologram covers the entire image hologram.
- the image hologram it is also possible for the image hologram to have a first extent in the first direction, which is greater than the extent of the beam cross section of the coupled beam of rays in the first direction, with the coupled beam of rays propagating in the first direction in such a way that it multiplies impinges on the image hologram at different points that are offset from one another along the first direction, with each impingement being deflected part of the impinging beam of rays to reconstruct the exposed image and the remaining part of the beam of rays propagating further.
- the image hologram can have an efficiency curve in which the deflection efficiency increases from the first to the last impact of the beam of rays. A more homogeneous reconstructed image can thus be generated.
- the image hologram can in particular be designed as an image plane hologram in which the reconstructed image can be perceived as an (essentially plane) image in the transparent base body.
- the image hologram can be designed in such a way that the exposed image contains the image information, which is reconstructed by means of the incident beam of rays, so that the image can be perceived by a viewer.
- the image hologram can also be designed in such a way that the exposed image is a holographic diffuser or has it, which can generate the image with the image information contained in the impinging beam of rays.
- the impinging bundle of rays provides the image information which can then be perceived as an image by an observer, for example, in the plane of the image hologram.
- the waveguide can in particular be designed as laminated glass or as a laminated glass pane.
- the waveguide can be designed as a plane-parallel plate or curved, with the front side and/or rear side being curved.
- the waveguide can be a pane of a car or a truck or a part thereof.
- the image hologram can be designed in such a way that it has a plurality of exposed images which are designed for different wavelengths, so that one of the images of the image hologram can be selectively reconstructed depending on the selected wavelength of the injected radiation.
- the waveguide as well as the decoupling area can in particular be made transparent.
- the image hologram can be designed as a reflective hologram or as a transmissive hologram.
- the image hologram can have one or more decoupling regions spaced apart from one another, each of which deflects at least part of the coupled-in beam of rays in such a way that the deflected part emerges as diffuse or directed radiation. If the image hologram has a plurality of decoupling regions spaced apart from one another, these can each contain a part of the exposed image.
- the decoupling regions can be formed as separate sub-holograms, so that no part of the image hologram is formed between the sub-holograms.
- the image hologram includes the sub-holograms that are not coherent over the area.
- the decoupling regions it is also possible for the decoupling regions to be spaced apart from one another, but all to be part of a single, coherent image hologram; the image hologram therefore has no separate sub-holograms, but is designed as a single hologram with the decoupling regions spaced apart from one another.
- the plurality of spaced-apart decoupling regions are designed in such a way that the radiation that is coupled out exits as diffuse radiation, the impression of a starry sky can be created, for example.
- each decoupling area e.g. each sub-hologram
- each decoupling region e.g each sub-hologram
- the decoupling areas can be separated from each other spaced but all be part of a single coherent image hologram that generates the starry sky to be generated.
- the plurality of decoupling regions can be designed in such a way that they have two or more different decoupling efficiencies. This can be used to couple out radiation with different intensities at the individual decoupling areas. Thus, for example, brighter and not so bright appearing stars can be displayed for the desired starry sky.
- the decoupling regions can also be designed in such a way that they have identical decoupling efficiencies.
- the at least one decoupling area is designed in such a way that the decoupled radiation emerges as directed radiation, this can be used, for example, to implement a reading lamp or reading lighting.
- the waveguide can be designed in such a way that all decoupling regions decouple the radiation as diffuse radiation or as directed radiation. It is also possible that one or more of the decoupling areas decouple the radiation as diffuse radiation and one or more of the decoupling areas decouple the radiation as directed radiation.
- the first layer can in particular be designed as a glass pane with a thickness of more than 2 mm.
- the first layer is preferably no thicker than 5 mm.
- the image hologram can be formed on the first side and/or the second side of the first layer.
- a perceptible image can be generated by the design of the image hologram and/or the arrangement of several decoupling regions of the image hologram (e.g. starry sky) when the image hologram is exposed to the coupled beam of rays.
- the image information of the generated image is thus preferably contained in the image hologram (preferably completely). In this case one can say that the injected radiation is free of image information.
- the coupled-in radiation can thus also be referred to as illumination radiation.
- the first layer can have a coupling-in region protruding from the first side.
- the coupling area can have a flat or a curved entry surface.
- the in-coupling area can have a deflection element that deflects at least part of the radiation coming from the light source in such a way that the deflected part of the in-coupled radiation is guided in the inner pane by reflections to the at least one out-coupling area.
- the deflection element can be formed on the first side or second side of the first layer. If the deflection element is formed on the first side of the first layer, it is preferably in the form of a transmissive deflection element. If the deflection element is formed on the second side of the first layer, it is in particular formed as a reflective deflection element.
- the deflection element can be designed as a volume or surface grating and thus in particular as a hologram or relief grating.
- the waveguide may have at least one further layer or disc bonded to the first layer, for example by means of a further adhesive layer.
- the refractive index of the additional adhesive layer can be selected such that the light is reflected at the interface between the additional pane and the additional adhesive layer and at the interface between the first layer and the additional adhesive layer, each due to total internal reflection.
- the further pane can be designed in the same way as the first layer, so that the further pane and the first layer can each be referred to as light guides.
- two or more additional discs with corresponding adhesive layers can be formed as a layer stack on the first layer, it being possible for the additional discs to be formed in the same way as the first layer.
- two or more light guides can be integrated in the laminated glass pane, so that there are further design options for the desired lighting effects.
- the image hologram can, for example, have decoupling regions that are essentially punctiform, in order to be able to generate the starry sky described, for example.
- the at least one decoupling region it is also possible for the at least one decoupling region to have a larger surface area.
- the waveguide according to the invention can be designed, for example, as a laminated glass pane and in particular as a pane for a vehicle roof, through which a person in the vehicle can, for example, look through.
- the laminated glass pane according to the invention can also be designed as another pane for a vehicle.
- the vehicle may be a land vehicle, a water vehicle, and/or an air vehicle.
- it can be a car or a truck.
- a hologram can be formed in the in-coupling region of the waveguide.
- the hologram of the coupling-in area can be designed as a transmissive hologram or as a reflective hologram.
- the light source can comprise one or more light-emitting diodes.
- the light-emitting diodes can emit light with different wavelengths.
- the light source is preferably designed in such a way that it emits radiation from the visible wavelength range.
- the radiation can be white light and/or colored light (e.g. red, green and/or blue light).
- the light source can be designed in such a way that it can generate and emit several different colors. This is preferably controllable or adjustable.
- the light source can include one or more LEDs.
- the holographic display can include a control unit for controlling the light source or the light-emitting diodes.
- the holographic display can be designed in such a way that the light from the light source strikes and enters the base body directly without passing through further optical elements.
- the holographic display it is also possible for the holographic display to have at least one optical element (such as a lens) which is arranged between the light source and the waveguide, so that the light from the light source runs through this optical element and only then strikes the base body .
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a first embodiment of the holographic display 1 according to the invention with the waveguide 2 according to the invention;
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the image hologram 19 of the waveguide 2 from FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the light source 3 from FIG. 1 ,
- FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention together with a light source 120;
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the wavelength-dependent refractive index profile of the inner pane 102 and the adhesive layer 104;
- FIG. 8 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention
- FIG. 9 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention
- FIG. 10 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 12 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 13 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 14 shows a sectional view according to FIG. 1 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 16 shows an enlarged detailed view of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 17 shows a plan view of the inside 9 of the laminated glass pane 1 according to FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 18 shows a view according to FIG. 17 of a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane according to the invention.
- FIG. 19 shows a further embodiment of the laminated glass pane 1 according to the invention.
- the holographic display 1 comprises a waveguide 2 according to the invention for displaying an image and a light source 3.
- the waveguide 2 has a transparent base body 4 with a front side 5 and a back side 6 and is plate-shaped.
- the base body 4 is constructed in several layers and comprises a first layer 7, on the front side 8, a second layer 9 and on the back side 10, a third layer 11 is applied, so that the first layer 7 between the second and third layer 9, 1 1 is positioned.
- the first layer 7 has a first refractive index that is greater than a second refractive index of the second layer 9 and also greater than a third refractive index of the third layer 1 1 .
- a first glass layer 12 is formed on the side of the second layer 9 pointing away from the first layer 7 and a second glass layer 13 is formed on the side of the third layer 11 pointing away from the first layer 7 .
- the side of the first glass layer 12 pointing away from the first layer 7 can form the front side 5 of the base body 4, for example.
- the side of the second glass layer 13 pointing away from the first layer 7 can be the rear side
- the transparent base body can thus also be referred to as a laminated glass pane.
- the base body 4 can be designed, for example, as a pane of a vehicle, such as the windshield or a side window of a car or truck.
- the waveguide 2 comprises a coupling-in region 14 and a coupling-out region 15 spaced apart from the coupling-in region 14 in a first direction (here the y-direction).
- the light source 3 emits radiation 16, which enters the transparent base body 4 via the rear side 6 and onto a coupling element 17 of the coupling region 14 arranged between the first layer 7 and the second layer 9 hits, which deflects the radiation 16 in the direction of the decoupling region 15 in such a way that it is coupled in as a bundle of rays 18 due to internal total reflections at the interface between the first layer 7 and the second layer 9 and at the interface between the first layer 7 and the third layer 1 1 is performed in the first layer 7 up to the decoupling region 15 .
- the decoupling region 15 is between the first layer
- the radiation 16 has an extension in the first direction, e.g.
- the strips can also be referred to as footprints of the coupled beam 18 .
- strip-shaped illumination of the image hologram 19 with the coupled beam 18 is shown schematically by the five strips S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5, with the dashed lines representing the main rays indicate every deflection and reconstruction.
- strip S1 is the first impingement of the bundle of rays 18 on the image hologram 19
- strip S2 is the second impingement, etc.
- the adjacent illumination strips S1-S5 abut one another.
- the image hologram 19 may include two holograms (one for each color) placed one on top of the other. However, it is also possible for the image hologram 19 to be present as a multiplex structure in which a number of gratings are written in a hologram film.
- the coupling element 17 can also be designed as a hologram. If several colors are used, the coupling element 17 can be designed as a stack of holograms (one hologram for each color) or as a multiplex structure.
- the holographic display 1 can be designed in such a way that the radiation 16 from the light source 3 enters the base body 4 via the rear side 6 without passing through further optical components and, after passing through the second glass layer 13, the third layer 11 and the first layer 7, onto the Coupling element 17 meets.
- the coupling element 17 can be designed in such a way that it only deflects the radiation 16 .
- the coupling element 17 additionally provides, for example, an optical imaging function, such as a lens function.
- the radiation 16 can also be coupled into the transparent base body 4 via the front side 5 or via the lower end face 21 .
- the in-coupling element 17 cannot only be designed to be reflective, as is shown in FIG. 1 . It is also possible for the in-coupling element 17 to be transmissive, as is shown schematically in FIG. 4 .
- the image hologram 19 cannot only be designed to be transmissive, as is shown in FIG. It is also possible for the image hologram 19 to be reflective (FIG. 4). Furthermore, the embodiment according to FIG. 1 can also be modified in such a way that the image hologram 19 is designed as a reflection hologram. The light would then first pass through the hologram material of the image hologram 16, then be totally reflected at the interface between the hologram material and the second layer 9 and then be diffracted in reflection in the hologram material of the image hologram 19
- the image hologram 19 is designed in particular so that it is essentially transparent, so that a user B can look through the transparent base body 4 when viewing the image hologram 19 when the light source 3 is switched off.
- a cylindrical lens 22 is shown schematically in FIG.
- the described cylindrical lens 22 is used instead, which collimates the light from the light-emitting diodes in the y-direction (in the vertical direction) and does not shape the light in the horizontal direction (x-direction). As a result, a wide illumination can be achieved in the horizontal direction, although at the same time only a few light-emitting diodes are necessary.
- the cylindrical lens 22 also has the advantage that only one optical element is required to shape the light of all the light-emitting diodes L1-L4. This minimizes the adjustment effort compared to an embodiment in which a lens would be necessary for each light-emitting diode L1-L4.
- the coupling hologram 17 also contains a cylinder function, which not only deflects the radiation 16 but also collimates it in the horizontal direction (x-direction), so that it can propagate in the first layer 7 with total reflection.
- the combination of cylindrical lens and lens function of the in-coupling hologram 17 enables a geometric, broadly expanded plane wave (ie flat in two dimensions, so that the smallest possible angular spectrum is present), which can be used to reconstruct the image hologram 19 .
- the transparent base body 4 is designed as a plane-parallel plate.
- the front side 5 and/or the back side 6 can be curved.
- a deflection hologram 25 (dashed representation in Fig. 1) can optionally be integrated along the propagation path between the in-coupling element 17 and the image hologram 19, which ensures that the angular spectrum of the in-coupled beam of rays 18 is retained and not distorted by the curvature of the Base body 4 is affected.
- several deflection holograms 25 can also be integrated along the propagation path. As a result, the homogeneity of the illumination of the image hologram 19 can be improved.
- the first glass layer 12 can be tinted, for example, or have an additional tinted layer which, however, does not guide the coupled beam of rays 18 negatively impacted. For example, a shading of 30% would mean that after a distance of 30 cm between the in-coupling element 17 and the image hologram 19, less than 1% of the in-coupled radiation 16 can propagate through the waveguide.
- the refractive index of the first layer 7 is preferably at least 0.005 greater than the refractive index of the second layer 9 and preferably at least 0.005 greater than the refractive index of the third layer 11 .
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- PC polycarbonate
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the coupled beam 18 (depending on the precise selection of the refractive index for the second and third layers 9, 11) can then be guided in the first layer 7 at an angle of greater than 61° to 71°.
- the first layer 7 and the second and third layers 9, 11 preferably have an extinction coefficient which is less than 0.001 in each case. It is also advantageous if the three layers 7, 9, 11 have a very small scattering behavior.
- the haze values should be less than 2 in order to keep the loss of light through scattering - analogous to the loss of light through absorption - as low as possible (detailed information on the haze value can be found, for example, in DIN EN ISO 13803:2015-02, DIN EN 2155-9: 1989-11, DIN EN 62805-1:20018-06, DIN EN 1096-5:2016-06 and DIN ISO 15082:2018-02).
- an amorphous material for the first layer 7 in order to avoid disruptive influences on the light transmission, for example due to stress birefringence in the first layer 7.
- examples of such an amorphous material are float glass and highly transparent thermoplastics such as PMMA, PC, PVC, COC, PET, etc. It is important that special attention must be paid to the manufacturing conditions, especially when using semi-crystalline plastics such as PMMA and PET, so that the Degree of crystallinity and thus the stress birefringence of the end product is as small as possible.
- transparent materials that are obtained directly through polymerisation (e.g. duroplastics and epoxy resins or 2-component acrylate systems)
- the manufacturing conditions also have an enormous influence on the stress birefringence of the end product.
- Float glass and highly transparent thermoplastics such as PMMA, PC, PVC, COC, PET, etc. can also be used here. It is important here that, particularly when using semi-crystalline plastics such as PMMA and PET, particular attention must be paid to the manufacturing conditions so that the degree of crystallinity and thus the stress birefringence of the end product is as small as possible. In the case of transparent materials that are obtained directly through polymerisation (e.g. thermosets), the manufacturing conditions also have an enormous influence on the stress birefringence of the end product.
- the first layer 7 can have a layer thickness in the range from 50 ⁇ m to 2 mm (preferably up to 1 mm). Furthermore, for example, the first layer can have a thickness of 70 to 500 ⁇ m if it is formed as a PC layer.
- the second and third layers 9, 11 can each have a thickness of 100 to 2000 ⁇ m, for example, if they are designed as a PVB layer or as an EVA layer.
- the waveguide 1 according to the invention is designed as a laminated glass pane 1 for a vehicle with an inner pane 102 and an outer pane 103, which is connected to the inner pane 102 via an adhesive layer 104. educated.
- the inner pane 102 thus corresponds to the first layer 7 described so far
- the outer pane 103 thus corresponds to the second layer 9 described so far.
- the laminated glass pane 1 shown schematically and not true to scale in FIG. 5 can be configured in particular as a pane for a vehicle roof through which a person in the vehicle can look.
- the outer pane 103 can be tinted. However, it can also be completely transparent.
- the inner pane 102 is preferably completely transparent. The same applies to the adhesive layer 104.
- the first side 105 of the inner pane 102 faces the interior of the vehicle and can therefore also be referred to as the inner side 109 of the laminated glass pane 1 .
- the fourth side 108 of the outer pane 103 points away from the interior of the vehicle and can therefore be referred to as the outside 110 of the laminated glass pane 1 .
- the light source 120 emits radiation 122 (e.g. white light) which impinges on the in-coupling region 115 with the transmission grating 116 .
- the transmission grating 116 deflects the radiation 122 in such a way that it propagates as coupled-in radiation 123 through reflections on the first and second side 105, 106 of the inner pane 102 to the coupling-out regions 117 to 119.
- the reflections at the first and second sides 105, 106 are preferably total internal reflections.
- the refractive indices of the adhesive layer 104 and the inner pane 102 are selected accordingly for this purpose.
- the refractive index of the adhesive layer 104 is therefore lower than the refractive index of the material of the inner pane 102.
- the wavelength ⁇ is plotted in nm along the abscissa and the critical angle ⁇ G in° is plotted along the ordinate (curve K3). This means that at angles of incidence greater than this critical angle on the second side 106 , the coupled-in radiation 123 is totally reflected at the interface between the second side 106 and the adhesive layer 104 .
- the decoupling regions 1 17 to 1 19 can be designed such that they have different decoupling efficiencies, so that the decoupled light intensities at the individual decoupling regions 1 17, 1 18 and 1 19 are different. This allows brighter and dimmer stars to be displayed.
- the propagation direction of the radiation 122 coming from the light source 120 is such that it strikes the first side 105 perpendicularly.
- the propagation direction of the radiation 122 it is also possible for the propagation direction of the radiation 122 to have an angle that is not equal to 90° to the first side 105, as illustrated in FIG.
- the grating 116 is always designed as a transmission grating.
- the grating 116 can be designed as a reflection grating.
- the preferred location of the grating 116 is on the second side 106. This is shown in Figs. 9 and 10 for normal incidence of radiation 122 on the first side 105 (Fig. 9) and for an angle of incidence of the radiation on the Page 105 of not equal to 90° (Fig. 10).
- FIG. 11 shows a modification of the laminated glass pane 1 of FIG. 9, in which the decoupling regions 117-119 are designed in such a way that the radiation that is coupled out is emitted as directed radiation. In this way, for example, a reading lamp or reading lighting for a person inside the vehicle can be implemented.
- FIG. 12 a modification of the laminated glass pane of FIG. 10 is shown.
- the second decoupling region 118 is designed in such a way that it decouples the radiation 123 as directed radiation, as a result of which a reading lamp can in turn be implemented.
- the first and third decoupling regions 117 and 119 are designed in such a way that the radiation 123 is emitted as diffuse radiation.
- the grating 116 in FIGS. 5 and 8 to 12 can be designed, for example, as a volume hologram or as a relief grating.
- FIG. 13 A modification is shown in FIG. 13 in which the inner pane 102 has a section 130 protruding from the first side 105 with a planar entry surface 131 .
- the inner pane 102 has a greater thickness in the area of the protruding section 130 than, for example, in the area in which the decoupling areas 117-119 are located. Due to the protruding section 130, the inner pane 102 has a cross-sectional expansion in this area in comparison, for example, to the area in which the decoupling areas 117-119 are located.
- the inclination of the planar entry surface 131 to the first side 105 is preferably chosen such that radiation 122 entering perpendicularly via the planar entry surface 131 has such an angle relative to the second side 106 that the desired total internal reflection takes place on the second side 106.
- FIG. 15 shows a modification of the laminated glass pane 1 from FIG. 13, an enlarged detailed view being shown.
- the inwardly projecting portion 130 is formed as an inverted collector such that the radiation 122 from the light source 120 is formed as a substantially parallel bundle of rays 123 striking the second face 106 at the necessary angle of incidence to reflect by total internal reflection to become.
- a parabolic light converging lens can be used upside down as collimation optics (Compound Parabolic Collimator).
- collimation optics are preferably reflective and non-imaging. It comprises at least one rotationally symmetrical parabolic surface which collects or collects the light from a light source with a defined angle spectrum.
- FIG. 17 shows a schematic view of the inside 109 of the laminated glass pane 1 from FIG. 5 .
- the decoupling areas are indicated by "x".
- the decoupling regions 117 to 119 are designed in such a way that when the light source 120 does not emit any radiation 122, they are not visible but are transparent.
- the grating 116 is also preferably designed in such a way that it is transparent to an observer.
- FIG. 18 shows a modification of the laminated glass pane 1 according to FIG. 17 or of the lighting system 121 in the same way as in FIG.
- a further light source 140 a further in-coupling grating 141 and further out-coupling regions 142, 143 and 144 are provided.
- more than two light sources can also be provided. It is also possible that the light from a further light source does not run from left to right in the inner pane 102 as seen in FIG. 18 but rather from bottom to top or from top to bottom in the inner pane 102 .
- FIG. 19 describes a modification of the described embodiments in that a further pane 150 is connected to the inner pane 102 by means of a further adhesive layer 151 .
- This can be used to guide the light from a further light source 152, which is coupled into the further pane 150 via a coupling element 153, and to emit it via corresponding coupling-out regions 155, 156 and 157 as directed or non-directed radiation.
- the rest of the structure of the additional pane 150 and the corresponding coupling-in area 153 and the additional decoupling areas 155-157 can be as described in connection with the inner pane 102 .
- the Inner pane 102 and the other pane 150 can thus also be referred to as the first and second light guide.
- the different light guides can also be used to guide and emit light of different wavelengths.
- the light sources 120 and 152 are designed accordingly for this purpose.
- different decoupling structures or different decoupling areas can be present on the light guides.
- different luminous signatures or e.g. images can be realized. In particular, these can be switched on and off individually
- decoupling areas In the previously described decoupling areas, essentially punctiform decoupling areas 117-119, 141-143 and 155-157 or decoupling areas 117-119, 141-143 and 155-157 with a small lateral extension compared to the distance between the decoupling areas 117-119 , 141-143 and 155-157 went out among themselves.
- the laminated glass pane 1 is shown with a flat outside 100 and a flat inside 109 .
- the laminated glass pane 1 can be curved.
- the outside 100 and/or the inside 109 can be curved.
- the two panes 102, 103 can each have two curved sides 105-108, with the second and third sides 106 and 107 of the inner pane 102 and the outer pane 103 facing each other preferably having complementary curvatures, so that the thinnest possible laminated glass pane 1 can be made.
- the thickness of the inner pane 102 and the outer pane 103 can in particular be in the range of more than 2 mm up to 5 mm.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Holo Graphy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022104676.1A DE102022104676A1 (de) | 2022-02-28 | 2022-02-28 | Wellenleiter zum Anzeigen eines Bildes sowie holographische Anzeige mit einem solchen Wellenleiter |
| PCT/EP2023/052200 WO2023160956A1 (de) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-01-30 | Wellenleiter zum anzeigen eines bildes sowie holographische anzeige mit einem solchen wellenleiter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4486566A1 true EP4486566A1 (de) | 2025-01-08 |
Family
ID=85150261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23702590.3A Pending EP4486566A1 (de) | 2022-02-28 | 2023-01-30 | Wellenleiter zum anzeigen eines bildes sowie holographische anzeige mit einem solchen wellenleiter |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250180796A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4486566A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20240158878A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022104676A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023160956A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023117971A1 (de) * | 2023-07-07 | 2025-01-09 | Webasto SE | Fahrzeugscheibe mit Lichtquelle und Lichtleiterschicht |
| DE102024108285A1 (de) | 2024-03-22 | 2025-09-25 | Carl Zeiss Jena Gmbh | Optische anordnung mit holographischen optischen elementen in z-konfiguration für ein transparentes anzeige-system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102009028984B4 (de) | 2009-06-23 | 2014-05-08 | Seereal Technologies S.A. | Beleuchtungseinheit für ein Direktsichtdisplay |
| WO2019238888A1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Gerät zum generieren eines virtuellen bildes |
| DE102019208633A1 (de) | 2018-06-15 | 2019-12-19 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Anzeigevorrichtung für einen Computer |
| CN113613888A (zh) * | 2019-03-21 | 2021-11-05 | 中央硝子株式会社 | 具有照明能力的玻璃 |
| DE102020115409A1 (de) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-16 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Panoramadach |
-
2022
- 2022-02-28 DE DE102022104676.1A patent/DE102022104676A1/de active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-01-30 EP EP23702590.3A patent/EP4486566A1/de active Pending
- 2023-01-30 KR KR1020247025533A patent/KR20240158878A/ko active Pending
- 2023-01-30 WO PCT/EP2023/052200 patent/WO2023160956A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-01-30 US US18/842,036 patent/US20250180796A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250180796A1 (en) | 2025-06-05 |
| KR20240158878A (ko) | 2024-11-05 |
| WO2023160956A1 (de) | 2023-08-31 |
| DE102022104676A1 (de) | 2023-08-31 |
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