Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
  • A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
  • A61K8/466—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfonic acid derivatives; Salts
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
  • A61K8/06—Emulsions
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/08—Anti-ageing preparations

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of certain 4-amidino benzylamines as ingredient to increase skin firmness and elasticity by increasing type I collagen expression in the skin.
• the human skin is the biggest organ of the human body, and it is the barrier that separates the body from the outer environment.
• Human skin is made up of several layers that are classified as epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
• the epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is mainly formed of keratinocytes comprising about 90% of the epidermis and melanocytes which are found at the base of the epidermis and make melanin.
• the main function of epidermis is to form a permeability barrier against environmental challenges, such as UV radiation, heat, chemicals, pollution, and pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. It also protects the body from uncontrolled water evaporation from inside out, maintaining the hydration balance and skin metabolism.
• the dermis is the second layer of skin.
• the most abundant cell type are the dermal fibroblasts, which are responsible of generating the connective tissue by producing extracellular matrix (ECM).
• ECM extracellular matrix
• Said ECM is a three-dimensional network consisting of extracellular macromolecules and minerals, such as collagen, enzymes, glycoproteins and hydroxyapatite. The ECM imparts strength and integrity to the skin.
• type I collagen As a major structural protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM), type I collagen is secreted by fibroblasts, forming more than 90% of the dry weight of the dermis. It is produced as procollagen which is then processed to mature collagen.
• ECM extracellular matrix
• the collagen expression decreases, inducing a relaxation of these tissues, and therefore a loss of tone and firmness of the skin.
• Various extrinsic factors are also responsible for loss of firmness of the skin including aggressive environmental agents such as UV radiation, pollution or tobacco.
• Other intrinsic factors may also be responsible for disorganization of collagen fibers and a decrease in firmness, in particular hormonal variations, and changes in tension in the skin (rapid weight gain loss).
• the present invention concerns a non-therapeutic use of a compound of formula (I) wherein R is a Ci to C 6 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain optionally substituted with a C 6 to Cw aromatic group, to increase firmness and/ or elasticity of the skin, particularly by increasing the production (i.e. expression) of collagen I in the skin, even more in particular in human dermal fibroblasts present in the skin.
• R is a Ci to C 6 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain optionally substituted with a C 6 to Cw aromatic group
• the invention concerns a method of increasing the firmness and/or elasticity of the skin in a subject, said method comprising administering a compound of formula (I) as outlined above to said subject, in particular to a skin area in need thereof such as e.g. to facial skin, skin of the hands and photo-exposed skin.
• Collagen is responsible for skin strength and structure; collagen homeostasis in the deeper part of the skin is maintained by balancing the degradative and synthetic pathways and a skewed balance between collagen production and degradation can lead to a loss in skin firmness and elasticity. It has been found in accordance with the present invention, that compounds of formula (I) as outlined above increase type I collagen in human dermal fibroblasts and are thus able to maintain skin homeostasis.
• the present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) as outlined above for increasing type I collagen production in fibroblasts and accordingly in skin (compared to an untreated control).
• the invention also relates to a use of a compound of formula (I) as outlined above for increasing the expression of type I collagen in fibroblasts (compared to an untreated control).
• the fibroblasts are human fibroblasts, most preferably dermal human fibroblasts.
• the invention concerns the use of a compound of formula (I) as outlined above for use in the prevention and/ or treatment of a pathological condition involving a loss of collagen-1 protein and/ or gene expression, a pathological loss of skin firmness of the skin and/ or a pathological loss of elasticity of the skin, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) to a human subject in need thereof.
• the present invention concerns a method for prevention and/ or treatment of a pathological condition involving a loss of collagen-1 protein and/ or gene expression, a pathological loss of skin firmness or elasticity of the skin and/ or a pathological loss of elasticity, comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) to a human subject in need thereof.
• the pathological conditions are selected from the group consisting of rosacea, telangiectasia, solar elastosis, cutis laxa disease and/or stretch marks
• the compound of formula (I) is characterized in that R is a Ci to C 6 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain optionally substituted with a C 6 to Cw aromatic group, preferably, R is a Ci to C 3 linear aliphatic hydrocarbon chain substituted with a Ce to Cs aromatic group, more preferably, R is a Ci to C 3 linear aliphatic hydrocarbon chain substituted with a, preferably terminal, phenyl group (such as in particular phenylmethyl-, phenylethyl- and phenylpropyl-), most preferably R is -CH2-CH2-C6H5 meaning that the compound of formula (I) is benzylsulfonyl-Ser-hPhe-4-amidinobenzylamide (formula (II)).
• R is a Ci to C 6 linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon chain optionally substituted with a C 6 to Cw aromatic group
• R is a Ci to C 3 linear aliphatic
• the compound of formula (I) respectively formula (II) can be in any stereo chemical configuration.
• the compounds of formula (I) and (II) are compounds of formula (la) or (Ila).
• the compounds of formula (I) and (la) as well as (II) and (Ila) are used in the form of salts thereof, preferably with mineral acids, preferably as hydrochlorides or as salts with suitable organic acids or sulfates, e.g. as acetates or sulfates.
• Preferred organic acids salts for the compounds of formula (I), (la), (II) and (Ila) are selected from acetic acid, formic acid, methylsulfonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, most preferred being the respective acetate salts.
• Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate (CAS No: 1393815-16-1), which is commercially available in the form of SYN®-UP at DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Kaiseraugst.
• SYN®-UP is a mixture of Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate (0.1-1 wt-%), water (25-50 wt.%), citric acid (0.1-1 wt.-%), sodium hydroxide (less than 0.1 wt.-%, for pH adjustment to 2.6-3.6) and glycerin (up to 100%).
• the use of said mixture in the following also referred to as SYN®-UP mixture) is most preferred.
• the term ‘increasing collagen type I expression' respectively ‘increasing the production of collagen I’ is intended to mean an increase in collagen I expression of at least 4%, preferably of at least 20%, even more preferably of at least 40%, such as in the range of 40 to 100% in the presence of a compound of formula (I) as defined herein, with respect to the collagen expression detected in the absence of the compound of formula (I), preferably measured in human dermal fibroblasts as outlined in the examples.
• subject means an animal having a skin that separates and defines the animal inside from the outside.
• the subject is a human.
• the subject may be female. In another embodiment the subject may be male. In a further embodiment the subject may be with a non-binary gender.
• the subject is not a child.
• the term ‘child’ as used herein means a human Io 7 years of age or younger.
• the subject is a human that is 8 years of age or older, preferably the subject is a human being 20 years or older, preferably 30 years or older, even more preferably 40 years or older such as most preferably 50 years or older.
• the increase firmness and/ or elasticity of the skin in a subject is attained by increasing or maintaining the production (i.e. the expression) of type I collagen or slowing down the reduction of type I collagen expression in the skin and/or maintaining collagen metabolism or slowing down the reduction of the collagen metabolism (expression) in the skin.
• the present invention relates to the prevention, reduction or treatment of a loss of skin firmness and/ or elasticity caused by intrinsic and/ or extrinsic factors, such as, but not limited to sun, sunburn, collagen damage, senescence, infrared radiation, heat, hormonal reasons, malnutrition, temperature, tobacco smoking, stress, sleep deprivation, pollution, or alcohol consumption.
• intrinsic and/ or extrinsic factors such as, but not limited to sun, sunburn, collagen damage, senescence, infrared radiation, heat, hormonal reasons, malnutrition, temperature, tobacco smoking, stress, sleep deprivation, pollution, or alcohol consumption.
• the use is non-therapeutic, i.e. a cosmetic use intended for beautifying the skin.
• the compounds of formula (I), (la), (II) and (Ila) such as in particular Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate or the SYN®-UP mixture are preferably administered in the form of a cosmetic or dermatological composition.
• cosmetic composition refers to cosmetic compositions which are used to treat, care for or improve the appearance of the skin and/or the scalp, preferably the skin, most preferably facial skin and/ or the skin of the hands.
• compositions which are used to be applied to skin.
• the total amount of the compounds of formula (I), (la), (II) and (Ila) such as in particular of Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate in the compositions according to the present invention is preferably selected in the range from 0.00001 to 0.1 wt.-%, more preferably in the range from 0.0001 to 0.06 wt.-%, most preferably in the range from 0.0005 to 0.03 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the total amount of the SYN®-UP mixture in the compositions according to the present invention is preferably selected in the range from 0.01 to 10 wt.-%, more preferably in the range from 0.1 to 6 wt.-%, most preferably in the range from 0.5 to 3 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the compounds of formula (I), (la), (II) and (Ila) such as in particular of Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate are used in the compositions according to the present invention either in the form of the SYN®-UP mixture or in admixture with glycerin, water and/ or citric acid.
• compositions according to the present invention are cosmetic compositions intended to be topically applied to mammalian keratinous tissue such as in particular to human skin or the human scalp.
• Such compositions are also called dermatological compositions.
• the cosmetic compositions are topical cosmetic (i.e. dermatological) compositions with all the definitions and preferences as given herein.
• the topical cosmetic compositions according to the present invention may be leave- on or rinse-off compositions, and include any product applied to a human body, primarily for improving appearance or general aesthetics.
• the cosmetic compositions of the present invention are leave-on compositions.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the invention intended for topical application comprise a physiologically acceptable medium, i.e. a medium compatible with keratinous substances, such as the skin, mucous membranes, and keratinous fibers.
• a physiologically acceptable medium is a cosmetically acceptable carrier.
• the carrier comprises water.
• cosmetic carrier also referred to herein as carrier refers to all vehicles/ carriers conventionally used in cosmetic compositions, i.e. which are suitable for topical application to the keratinous tissue, have good aesthetic properties, are compatible with the actives present in the composition, and will not cause any unreasonable safety or toxicity concerns.
• Such carriers are well-known to one of ordinary skill in the art and can include one or more compatible liquid(s) or solid filler diluent(s), excipient(s), additive(s) or vehicle(s) which are suitable for application to skin.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention comprise from about 50% to about 99%, preferably from about 60% to about 98%, more preferably from about 70% to about 98%, such as in particular from about 80% to about 95% of a carrier, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition.
• the carrier in the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention consists of at least 30 wt. %, more preferably of at least 40 wt.-%, most preferably of at least 45 wt.-% of water, such as in particular of 50 to 90 wt.-% of water.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention comprise glycerin in an amount of 0.005 to 10 wt.-%, preferably in the range of 0.05 to 5 wt.-%, most preferably in the range of 0.25 to 4 wt.-%, such as in the range of 0.25 to 3 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the cosmetic compositions in accordance with the invention can be in the form of a liquid, lotion, a thickened lotion, a gel, a cream, a milk, an ointment, a paste, a powder, a make-up, or a solid tube stick and can be optionally be packaged as an aerosol and can be provided in the form of a mousse such as an aerosol mousse, a foam or a spray foam, a spray, a stick.
• the compounds of formula (I), (la), (II) and (Ila) such as in particular of Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate, preferably in the form of the SYN®-UP mixture according to the present invention are formulated into lotions, creams, gels, and tonics.
• These product forms may be used for a number of applications, including, but not limited to, hand and body lotions, (facial) preparations, make-ups including foundations, sunscreens, sunless tanners and the like. Any additional components required to formulate such products vary with product type and can be routinely chosen by one skilled in the art.
• compositions of the present invention are formulated as an aerosol and applied to the skin as a spray-on product, a propellant is added to the composition.
• compositions according to the present invention can be prepared by conventional methods in the art such as e.g. by admixing the compounds of formula (I), (la), (II) and (Ila) such as in particular of Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate or the SYN®-UP mixture with all the definitions and preferences given herein with the cosmetically acceptable carrier.
• the cosmetic composition may comprise further ingredients, which may form part of the carrier.
• ingredients are particularly surfactants, emulsifiers, thickeners, and oils.
• surfactants, emulsifiers, thickeners, and oils are well known to a person skilled in the art.
• the cosmetic compositions of the invention may comprise further conventional (cosmetic) adjuvants and additives, such as preservatives/antioxidants, fatty substances/oils, water, organic solvents, silicones, thickeners, softeners, emulsifiers, antifoaming agents, aesthetic components such as fragrances, surfactants, fillers, anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric polymers or mixtures thereof, propellants, acidifying or basifying agents, dyes, colourings/colorants, abrasives, absorbents, chelating agents and/ or sequestering agents, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, pigments or any other ingredients usually formulated into such compositions.
• cosmetic adjuvants and additives such as preservatives/antioxidants, fatty substances/oils, water, organic solvents, silicones, thickeners, softeners, emulsifiers, antifoaming agents, aesthetic components such as fragrances, surfactants, fillers, ani
• compositions according to the invention may also comprise further cosmetically active ingredients conventionally used in cosmetic compositions.
• active ingredients encompass skin lightening agents; UV-filters, agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentation; agents for the prevention or reduction of inflammation; firming, moisturizing, soothing, and/ or energizing agents as well as agents to improve elasticity and skin barrier.
• excipients, additives, diluents, etc. mentioned in the following are suitable for the compositions according to the present invention.
• the necessary amounts of the cosmetic and dermatological adjuvants and additives can, based on the desired product, easily be determined by the skilled person.
• the additional ingredients can either be added to the oily phase, the aqueous phase or separately as deemed appropriate.
• the mode of addition can easily be adapted by a person skilled in the art.
• cosmetic excipients examples include cosmetic excipients, diluents, adjuvants, additives as well as active ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry which are suitable for use in the cosmetic compositions of the present invention are for example described in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary & Handbook by Personal Care Product Council (http://www.personalcarecouncil.org/), accessible by the online INFO BASE (http://online.personalcarecouncil.org/jsp/Home.jsp), without being limited thereto.
• the cosmetically active ingredients useful herein can in some instances provide more than one benefit or operate via more than one mode of action.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention are in particular skin care preparations, or functional preparations.
• Examples of skin care preparations are, in particular, light protective preparations (sun care preparations), lifting preparations, body oils, body lotions, body gels, treatment creams, skin protection ointments, moisturizing preparations such as moisturizing gels or moisturizing sprays, face and/or body moisturizers, as well as skin lightening preparations.
• light protective preparations suction preparations
• lifting preparations body oils, body lotions, body gels, treatment creams, skin protection ointments
• moisturizing preparations such as moisturizing gels or moisturizing sprays
• face and/or body moisturizers as well as skin lightening preparations.
• Examples of functional preparations are cosmetic compositions containing active ingredients such as hormone preparations, vitamin preparations, vegetable extract preparations, lifting preparations, and/or antimicrobial (antibacterial or antifungal) preparations without being limited thereto.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention can be in a wide variety of forms.
• Non limiting examples include simple solutions (e.g. aqueous, organic solvent, or oil based), emulsion or micro emulsion (in particular of oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) type, silicone-in-water (Si/W) or water-in-silicone (W/Si) type, PIT-emulsion, multiple emulsion (e.g. of oil-in-water-in oil (O/W/O) or water-in- oil-in-water (W/O/W) type) or pickering emulsions), as well as solid forms (e.g. hydrogels, alcoholic gels, lipogels, sticks, flowable solids, or amorphous materials).
• simple solutions e.g. aqueous, organic solvent, or oil based
• emulsion or micro emulsion in particular of oil-in-water (O
• product forms may be used for a number of applications, including, but not limited to, gels, creams, ointments, lotions, serums, powder, aerosol sprays or two component dispensing systems.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention are emulsions and/or gels. Even more preferably, the cosmetic compositions are emulsions which contain an oily phase and an aqueous phase such as in particular O/W, W/O, Si/W, W/Si, O/W/O, W/O/W multiple or a pickering emulsions.
• the amount of the oily phase (i.e. the phase containing all oils and fats including the polar oils) present in such emulsions such as in particular O/W, W/O, Si/W, W/Si, O/W/O, W/O/W multiple or a pickering emulsions is preferably at least 10 wt.-%, such as in the range from 10 to 60 wt.-%, preferably in the range from 15 to 50 wt.-%, most preferably in the range from 15 to 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the oil phase according to the invention preferably comprises oils selected from butylenglykoldicaprylatAdicaprat, propylenglykoldicaprylatZ-dicaprat, dicaprylylether, Ci2-15-Alkylbenzoat, Ci 8 -3s-fatty acid triglyceride, dibutyladipate, cyclomethicone, dimethicone, 2-phenylethylbenzoat, isopropyl lauroyl sarkosinate, caprylic/ capric triglyceride as well as mixtures thereof.
• the amount of the aqueous phase present in such emulsions is preferably at least 20 wt.-%, such as in the range from 20 to 90 wt.-%, preferably in the range from 30 to 80 wt.-%, most preferably in the range from 30 to 70 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the ratio of oily phase to aqueous phase is selected in the range of 40:60 to 30 to 70.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention are in the form of an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion comprising an oily phase dispersed in an aqueous phase in the presence of an O/W emulsifier.
• O/W oil-in-water
• the preparation of such O/W emulsions is well known to a person skilled in the art.
• the cosmetic composition according to the invention is an O/W emulsion
• it contains advantageously at least one O/W- or Si/W-emulsifier selected from the list of, glyceryl stearate citrate, glyceryl stearate SE (self-emulsifying), stearic acid, salts of stearic acid, polyglyceryl-3-methylglycosedistearate.
• O/W- or Si/W-emulsifiers selected from the list of, glyceryl stearate citrate, glyceryl stearate SE (self-emulsifying), stearic acid, salts of stearic acid, polyglyceryl-3-methylglycosedistearate.
• phosphate esters and the salts thereof such as cetyl phosphate (e.g. as Amphisol® A from DSM Nutritional Products Ltd.), diethanolamine cetyl phosphate (e.g.
• emulsifiers are sorbitan oleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan isostearate, sorbitan trioleate, cetearyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside, sodium stearoyl glutamate, sucrose polystearate and hydrated polyisobutene.
• one or more synthetic polymers may be used as an emulsifier. For example, PVP eicosene copolymer, acrylates/C 10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, and mixtures thereof.
• the at least one O/W, respectively Si/W emulsifier is preferably used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 wt. %, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 6 wt.-%, such as more in particular in the range of 0.5 to 5 wt.-%, such as most in particular in the range of 1 to 4 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the cosmetic composition.
• Particular suitable O/W emulsifiers to be used in the cosmetic compositions according to the invention encompass phosphate ester emulsifiers such as advantageously 8-10 alkyl ethyl phosphate, C9-15 alkyl phosphate, ceteareth-2 phosphate, ceteareth-5 phosphate, ceteth-8 phosphate, ceteth-10 phosphate, cetyl phosphate, C6-10 pareth-4 phosphate, C12-15 pareth-2 phosphate, C12-15 pareth-3 phosphate, DEA-ceteareth-2 phosphate, DEA-cetyl phosphate, DEA-oleth-3 phosphate, potassium cetyl phosphate, deceth-4 phosphate, deceth-6 phosphate and trilaureth-4 phosphate.
• phosphate ester emulsifiers such as advantageously 8-10 alkyl ethyl phosphate, C9-15 alkyl phosphate, ceteareth-2 phosphate, ceteareth
• a particular suitable O/W emulsifier to be used in the cosmetic compositions according to the invention is potassium cetyl phosphate e.g. commercially available as Amphisol® K at DSM Nutritional Products Ltd Kaiseraugst.
• O/W emulsifiers are non-ionic self-emulsifying systems derived from olive oil e.g. known as (INCI Name) cetearyl olivate and sorbitan olivate (chemical composition: sorbitan ester and cetearyl ester of olive oil fatty acids) sold under the tradename OLIVEM 1000.
• the invention relates to cosmetic compositions with all the definitions and preferences given herein in the form of O/W emulsions comprising an oily phase dispersed in an aqueous phase in the presence of an O/W emulsifier wherein the O/W emulsifier is potassium cetyl phosphate.
• the amount of oily phase in such O/W emulsions is preferably at least 10 wt.-%, more preferably in the range of 10 to 60 wt.-%, most preferably in the range of 15 to 50 wt.-%, such as in the range of 15 to 40 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the invention further comprise at least one fatty alcohol (co-emulsifier), such as in particular cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol and/ or behenyl alcohol.
• fatty alcohol co-emulsifier
• the total amount of one or several fatty alcohols on the topical compositions according to the invention is preferably selected in the range of about 0.1 to 10.0 wt.-%, in particular in the range of about 0.5 to 6.0 wt.-% with respect to the total weight of the topical composition.
• the topical compositions according to the invention comprise a thickener in particular if the topical composition is in the form of an emulsion to assist in making the consistency of a product suitable.
• Preferred thickeners are aluminiumsilicates, xanthan gum, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyacrylates such as carbopole® (e.g. Carbopole 980, 981 , 1382, 2984, 5984) or mixtures thereof.
• Further preferred thickeners encompass acrylate/Cw-30 alkyl acrylate copolymers (such as e.g. Pemulen TR 1 , Pemulen TR 2, Carbopol 1328 by.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the present invention advantageously comprise a preservative.
• the preservative is preferably used in an amount of 0.1 to 2 wt.-%, more preferably in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the composition.
• the cosmetic compositions according to the invention in general have a pH in the range of 3 to 10, preferably a pH in the range of 4 to 8 and most preferably a pH in the range of 4 to 7.5 such as in the range of 5 to 6.5.
• the pH can easily be adjusted as desired with suitable acids, such as e.g. citric acid, or bases, such as sodium hydroxide (e.g. as aqueous solution), triethanolamine (TEA Care), Tromethamine (Trizma Base) and Aminomethyl Propanol (AMP-Ultra PC 2000), according to standard methods in the art.
• the amount of the cosmetic composition to be applied to the skin is not critical and can easily be adjusted by a person skilled in the art.
• the amount is selected in the range of 0.1 to 3 mg/cm 2 skin, such as preferably in the range of 0.1 to 2 mg/cm 2 skin and most preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 mg/cm 2 skin.
• Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D-Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate was evaluated for its effect on collagen type 1. This was done using an in vitro dermal fibroblast collagen assay. It was found that Amidinobenzyl Benzylsulfonyl D- Seryl Homophenylalaninamide Acetate increases collagen expression.

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• 2022
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