EP4474601A1 - Schliesszylinder und schlüssel - Google Patents

Schliesszylinder und schlüssel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4474601A1
EP4474601A1 EP24177260.7A EP24177260A EP4474601A1 EP 4474601 A1 EP4474601 A1 EP 4474601A1 EP 24177260 A EP24177260 A EP 24177260A EP 4474601 A1 EP4474601 A1 EP 4474601A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pin
pair
rotor
stator
key
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24177260.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Donald Talbot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Banham Patent Locks Holdings Ltd
Original Assignee
Banham Patent Locks Holdings Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Banham Patent Locks Holdings Ltd filed Critical Banham Patent Locks Holdings Ltd
Publication of EP4474601A1 publication Critical patent/EP4474601A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B27/00—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in
    • E05B27/0042—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in with additional key identifying function, e.g. with use of additional key operated rotor-blocking elements, not of split pin tumbler type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B27/00—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in
    • E05B27/10—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in operated by other surfaces of the key, e.g. openings receiving projections on the tumblers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/04—Spring arrangements in locks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B19/00—Keys; Accessories therefor
    • E05B19/0017—Key profiles
    • E05B19/0041—Key profiles characterized by the cross-section of the key blade in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the key
    • E05B19/0052—Rectangular flat keys
    • E05B19/0058—Rectangular flat keys with key bits on at least one wide side surface of the key
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/04—Spring arrangements in locks
    • E05B2015/0448—Units of springs; Two or more springs working together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B15/00—Other details of locks; Parts for engagement by bolts of fastening devices
    • E05B15/14—Tumblers
    • E05B2015/146—Tumblers with parts movable to each other

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improvement in the design of locks. More specifically the present invention relates to improvements to pin-tumbler locks. The invention also relates to keys for use with such locks
  • a key-operable cylinder lock is known from EP-A-0892130 comprising a rotor rotatably mounted within a stator and a plurality of pairs of locking pins located in transverse passages extending through the rotor and the stator. Each pin pair is biased to abut in a keyway in the rotor so that one of the pins projects across an interface between the rotor and stator when the key is removed to prevent rotation of the rotor.
  • pin pairs are provided with pins selected from five different pin lengths so that the combined length of the pins of each pin pair is substantially the same as the diameter of the rotor and the pins can be positioned entirely within the rotor when the matching key is inserted to allow the rotor to turn relative to the stator.
  • a desired aim of the present invention is to provide a key-operable lock cylinder in which the number of combinations may be increased without increasing the number of pin pairs employed.
  • Another desired aim of the present invention is to provide a key-operable lock cylinder in which the number of combinations may be increased employing a reduced number of pin lengths.
  • a key operable lock cylinder comprising a stator, a rotor, the rotor being mounted within the stator for rotation about a longitudinal axis of the stator, a keyway extending axially into the rotor, a plurality of transverse passages extending through the rotor and stator and intersecting the keyway, each passage being provided with a pair of locking pins slidably mounted in the passage and biased by respective biasing means to abut within the keyway, the biasing means of one pin of each pair being stronger than the biasing means of the other pin and urging the other pin to project across an interface between the rotor and stator to prevent rotation of the rotor relative to the stator, the pins of each pair being movable in response to insertion of a complementary key in the keyway to become located entirely within the rotor to permit rotation of the rotor relative to the stator, wherein, for each pair of locking pins, another pair of the same locking pins is
  • each pin of a pin pair may be used with a strong spring or a relatively weaker spring so providing two alternative combinations for each pin pair combination. As a result manufacture of the lock is simplified.
  • each pin pair comprises a pair of pins selected from three different lengths of pins.
  • the three different lengths of pins may be designated a No.1 pin, a No.2, and a No.3 where a No.1 pin is the shortest pin length, a No.3 pin is the longest pin length and a No.2 pin is an intermediate pin length between the No.1 pin and the No.3 pin.
  • the pin lengths are chosen so that the total length of a pin pair comprising a No.1 pin and a No.3 pin does not exceed the diameter of the rotor and is preferably substantially the same as the diameter of the rotor.
  • the total length of a pin pair comprising a No.2 pin and a No.2 pin does not exceed the diameter of the rotor and is preferably substantially the same as the diameter of the rotor.
  • the biasing means for each pin may comprise a spring, for example a compression spring.
  • the spring may act to urge the pin towards the keyway.
  • a stop may be provided to limit movement of the pin under the biasing of the spring.
  • the pin may have a tapered head that can assist insertion of a key in the keyway.
  • each pair of locking pins are in mutual abutment within the keyway with a distal end of one of the locking pins of each pair projecting across the interface between the rotor and the stator so as to prevent rotation of the rotor within the stator whereas in use, when a complementary key is inserted in the keyway, the locking pins are moveable so that all the locking pins become located entirely within the rotor permitting rotation of the rotor within the stator.
  • At least two pairs of locking pins are provided having the same combination of locking pins of different length with the resilient biasing means for the locking pins of one of the two pairs reversed for the locking pins of the other of the two pairs.
  • the same combination of locking pins can produce two different pin pairs where the longer pin of one pin pair is more strongly biased and the shorter pin of the other pair is more strongly biased.
  • a key for use with the lock cylinder of the first aspect of the invention comprising a handle and a shank, the shank being received, in use, within a keyway of the lock cylinder, the shank having first and second major surfaces along its length on opposite sides, a row of recesses along its length on the first major surface and a row of recesses along its length on the second major surface so that the recesses on the first and second major surfaces are aligned in pairs such that, in use, each pair of aligned recesses can accommodate a pair of locking pins of the lock cylinder, wherein each pair of recesses is interconnected and configured so that, in use, when a correct key is inserted into the keyway, the pin biased by the stronger biasing means locates in the recess on one side of the shank and is pushed back against the biasing of the stronger biasing means by the key, and the other pin, biased by the weaker biasing means is located in an oversize recess
  • the pin biased by the stronger biasing means is either pushed back too far by the key when it seats in the recess and projects across the interface with the stator or is not pushed back far enough so that the other pin is prevented from moving completely into the rotor and projects across the interface with the stator. In either situation one of the pins extends across the interface and the rotor is prevented from rotating relative to the stator.
  • a particular advantage has been found in using the key with the lock cylinder in accordance with the first aspect of the invention wherein reducing the number of pin lengths enables the spacing between drops to be increased for a given thickness of key shank with the result that the extent to which the pin of any pin pair that projects across the interface to block rotation of the rotor in the locked condition may be increased and thereby improve security.
  • the spacing between each drop is 0.33 mm
  • the spacing between each drop for the same key shank can be increased from 0.33 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the recesses can configure the recesses to control the extent to which one of the pins of each pin pair projects across the interface between the rotor and stator when, for a given pin pair, the pin biased by the stronger spring is received in a non-matching recess of the key, i.e. when the recess does not have an accurate depth of cut to position the pin in the correct position.
  • the overlap to block rotation of the rotor may be increased both when the blocking pin is the pin biased by the weaker biasing means so as to be located by abutment with the more strongly biased pin and when the blocking pin is the pin biased by the stronger biasing means.
  • the recesses of an aligned pair are of different depths and the position of the restriction relative to the first and second major surfaces of the shank varies from one pair to another pair.
  • two pairs of recesses are provided in which the position of the restriction of one pair relative to the first and second major surfaces of the shank is to one side of the drop and the position of the restriction of the other pair relative to the first and second major surfaces of the shank is to the other side of the drop. In this way, two cuts are provided for each drop.
  • the more strongly biased pin of each pin pair seats in a matching recess in the key shank and the less strongly biased pin is received in the oversize recess and located by abutment with the more strongly biased pin.
  • the key can have two cuts for two pin pairs having the same combination of locking pins by reversing the biasing of the locking pins and providing an oversize recess for the less strongly biased pin.
  • each pin pair is selected from three different pin lengths and the number of combinations is 6 6 (46656).
  • the locking pin projecting across the interface is provided with a formation co-operable with a formation on one of the stator and rotor to retain the pin in the locked position if a non-matching key inserted in the key-way is turned to rotate the rotor.
  • the co-operating formations preferably interlock to retain a distal end of the locking pin in the stator when a non-matching key inserted in the keyway is turned to rotate the rotor.
  • the interlock feature may be employed in the lock cylinder according to any of the preceding aspects of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a lock cylinder 2 and Figure 2 shows a key 4 for operating the lock cylinder 2 in accordance with the invention.
  • the lock cylinder 2 comprises a stator 6 of annular cross-section and a cylindrical rotor 8 that is received by and is a close sliding fit in the stator 6.
  • a locking cam 10 is coupled to the rotor 8.
  • the rotor 8 has an axially extending keyway 12 located eccentrically along a diameter of the rotor 8 for receiving the key 4.
  • a row of six transverse passages 14 pass through the rotor 8 and stator 6 intersecting the keyway 12.
  • Figures 3a to 3f show six pairs of locking pins, one for each of the passages 14 of the stator 6 and rotor 8 located in a release position by insertion of the matching key 4 in the keyway.
  • Each pair comprises two pins selected from three different lengths of pins, nominally designated a No.1 pin, a No.2 pin and a No.3 pin.
  • the No.1 pin is shorter than the No.2 pin which in turn is shorter than the No.3 pin.
  • the six pin pairs consist of the following combinations of pins as viewed in Figures 3a to 3f :
  • the reference to left side and right side pins are used for convenience to describe the pins as shown in the drawings and it will be understood the invention is not limited to such designation of the pins.
  • the lengths of the pins are chosen so that the combined length of each pair is the same and is slightly less than the diameter of the rotor 8 so that, when the pin pair is located in the release position, both pins are located wholly within the rotor 8 so that the rotor 8 can rotate relative to the stator 6 to operate the lock cylinder 2.
  • This may not be essential and combined pin lengths may not be the same provided that, in the release position, the pins are received within the rotor 8 and do not project across the interface between the rotor 8 and stator 6.
  • No. 1 pins are indicated by reference numeral 16, No. 2 pins by reference numeral 18 and No. 3 pins by reference numeral 20.
  • FIG 4 is a sectional view through the passage 14 of the stator 6 and rotor 8 showing a rest position of the No. 1 pin 16 and the No. 3 pin 20 of Figure 3a with the key 4 removed.
  • the passage 14 has an abutment shoulder 14a at each interface with the keyway 12.
  • Each pin 16, 20 has a tapered inner end portion 22 leading to an annular collar 24 slidably received in the passage 14 and is biased towards the keyway 12 by a spring 26, 28 that surrounds the pin 16, 20 and acts between the collar 24 and an annular ring 30 that slidably receives and supports an outer end portion 32 of the pin 16, 20.
  • the springs 26, 28 bias the pins 16, 20 so that inner end faces 22a of the pins abut in the keyway 12.
  • the spring 26 acting on the shorter pin 16 is stronger than the spring 28 acting on the longer pin 20 and exerts an extra force that overcomes the biasing of the weaker spring 28.
  • the pair of pins 16, 20 is located at the rest position shown in Figure 4 , in which the outer end of the shorter pin 16 is located within the rotor 8 with the collar 24 seated against the abutment shoulder 14a and the outer end of the longer pin 20 projects across the interface between the rotor 8 and the stator 6 and is received in the stator 6 blocking rotation of the rotor 8 relative to the stator 6.
  • the rotor 8 is unable to rotate relative to the stator 6 in the rest position of the pins 16, 20 with the key removed.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view through the passage 14 of the stator 6 and rotor 8 showing the release position of the No. 1 pin 16 and No. 3 pin 20 of Figure 3a with the correct key 4 inserted.
  • the key 4 has a pair of opposed, interconnected tapered recesses 34, 36 and comprises a first recess 34 and a second recess 36 connected at an interface 38.
  • the first recess 34 receives the tapered inner end portion 22 of the shorter pin 16 and is configured so that the shorter pin 16 is pushed back from its rest position in Figure 4 (from right to left as viewed in Figure 4 ) against the biasing of the spring 26 to the release position shown in Figure 5 in which the inner end portion 22 of the pin 16 is seated in the recess 34 and projects across the interface 38 between the recesses 34, 36.
  • the longer pin 20 is allowed to advance from its rest position in Figure 4 (from right to left as viewed in Figure 4 ) under the biasing of the spring 28 to the release position shown in Figure 5 in which the inner end face 22a abuts the inner end face 22a of the shorter pin 16 without seating in the recess 36.
  • the radial position of the pin 16 biased by the stronger spring 26 is determined by the depth of cut of the recess 34 in the key and the radial position of the pin 20 biased by the weaker spring 28 is determined by the position of the pin 16.
  • the depth of the recess 34 has to be an accurate match to position the pin 16 in the release position but the depth of the recess 36 does not have to be an accurate match to position the pin 20 in the release position allowing the recess 36 to be cut oversize for a reason explained later.
  • Figure 3b shows the release position for a No. 1 and a No. 3 pin pair similar to Figure 3a but with the biasing of the pins reversed so that now the longer, No. 3 pin 20 is biased by the stronger spring 26 and is seated in the matching recess 34 of the key 4 so as to locate the pin 20 in the release position with the shorter No. 1 pin 16 biased by the weaker spring 28 received in the oversize recess 36 of the key and located in the release position by the longer pin 20.
  • the shorter pin 16 is displaced by the longer pin 20 so that the outer end of the shorter pin 16 projects across the interface between the rotor 8 and stator 6 to block rotation of the rotor relative to the stator.
  • Figure 3c shows the release position for a pair of No. 2 pins of equal length with the left hand pin 18 as viewed in the Figure biased by the stronger pin 26 and seated in the matching recess 34 of the key 4 so as to locate the left hand pin 18 in the release position with the right hand pin 18 as viewed in the Figure biased by the weaker spring 28 received in the oversize recess 36 of the key and located in the release position by the left hand pin 18.
  • Figure 3d shows the release position for a pair of No. 2 pins similar to Figure 3c but with the biasing of the pins reversed so that now the right hand pin 18 is biased by the stronger spring 26 and is seated in the matching recess 34 of the key 4 so as to locate the pin 18 in the release position with the left hand pin 18 biased by the weaker spring 28 received in the oversize recess 36 and located in the release position by the right hand pin 18.
  • the left hand pin 18 is displaced by the right hand pin 18 so that the outer end of the left hand pin projects across the interface between the rotor 8 and stator 6 to block rotation of the rotor relative to the stator.
  • Figure 3e shows the release position for a No. 3 and No. 1 pin pair similar to Figure 3b but with the position of the pins reversed.
  • the longer pin 20 is biased by the stronger spring 26 and is seated in the matching recess 34 of the key 4 so as to locate the pin 20 in the release position with the shorter pin 16 biased by the weaker spring 28 received in the oversize recess 36 and located in the release position by the longer pin 20.
  • the shorter pin 16 is displaced by the longer pin 20 so that the outer end of the shorter pin projects across the interface between the rotor 8 and stator 6 to block rotation of the rotor relative to the stator.
  • Figure 3f shows the release position for a No. 3 and No. 1 pin pair similar to Figure 3e but with the biasing of the pins reversed so that now the shorter pin 16 is biased by the stronger spring 26 and is seated in the matching recess 34 of the key 4 so as to locate the pin 16 in the release position with the longer pin 20 biased by the weaker spring 28 received in the oversize recess and located in the release position by the shorter pin 16.
  • the longer pin 20 is displaced by the shorter pin 16 so that the outer end of the longer pin 20 projects across the interface between the rotor 8 and stator 6 to block rotation of the rotor relative to the stator.
  • FIG 2 shows the key 4 with a shank 4a having two rows 40, 42 of recesses 34, 36 configured to match the pin pairs of Figures 3a to 3f .
  • the recess on the opposite side of the shank 4a is the same as the recess at the same position in the lower row 42 and vice versa. In this way, the key shank 4a can be inserted into the key-way 12 either way up. This may not be essential however and we may provide a key shank with one row of recesses.
  • the interfaces 38 between the recesses 34, 36 in Figures 3c and 3d are on either side of the radial abutment position of the pins in the release position and the interfaces between the recesses in Figures 3e and 3f are on either side of the radial abutment position of the pins in the release position.
  • the interfaces between the recesses for all six pairs of pins are offset relative to each other. In this way we can achieve 6 6 (46656) combinations with only three different pin lengths. Reducing the number of pin lengths in this way has advantages for manufacture and assembly of the lock cylinder 2 and can also lead to improved security as now explained.
  • Figure 6 shows a non-matching key and pin arrangement.
  • the key has a recess arrangement to match the pin arrangement shown in Figure 3a with a recess 34 having an accurate depth of cut to locate the shorter No. 1 pin 16 biased by the stronger spring 26 in the release position and an oversize recess 36 for the longer No. 3 pin biased by the weaker spring 28 which is located in the release position by abutment with the pin 16.
  • the pin arrangement is that shown in Figure 3b with the springs 26, 28 reversed so that now the longer No. 3 pin is biased by the stronger spring 26 and the shorter No. 1 pin 16 is biased by the weaker spring 28.
  • the longer No. 3 pin is biased by the stronger spring 26 and the shorter No. 1 pin 16 is biased by the weaker spring 28.
  • Figure 7 shows another non-matching key and pin arrangement.
  • the key has a recess arrangement to match the pin arrangement shown in Figure 3c with a recess 34 having an accurate depth of cut to locate the left hand No. 2 pin 18 biased by the stronger spring 26 in the release position and an oversize recess 36 for the right hand No. 2 pin biased by the weaker spring 28 which is located in the release position by abutment with the left hand pin.
  • the pin arrangement is that shown in Figure 3b with the longer No. 3 pin 20 biased by the stronger spring 26 and the shorter No. 1 pin 16 biased by the weaker spring 28.
  • the recesses can configure the recesses to control the extent to which one of the pins of each pin pair projects across the interface between the rotor and stator when, for a given pin pair, the pin biased by the stronger spring is received in a non-matching recess of the key, i.e. when the recess does not have an accurate depth of cut to position the pin in the correct position. For example, cutting the oversize recess 36 in Figure 6 so that the longer No. 3 pin 20 can advance by 0.3 mm beyond the release position causes the shorter No. 1 pin 16 to be pushed back and project into the stator by the same distance.
  • the groove 44 and lip 46 may have angled faces that increase the interlock to retain the pin in the blocking position if an attempt is made to turn the rotor with a non-matching key. Any suitable co-operating formations may be employed and it will be understood the arrangement is not limited to the lock cylinder of the present invention and may be employed in pin tumbler lock cylinders generally.

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  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
EP24177260.7A 2023-05-26 2024-05-22 Schliesszylinder und schlüssel Pending EP4474601A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2307969.2A GB2630395B (en) 2023-05-26 2023-05-26 Lock cylinder and key

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4474601A1 true EP4474601A1 (de) 2024-12-11

Family

ID=87060746

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24177260.7A Pending EP4474601A1 (de) 2023-05-26 2024-05-22 Schliesszylinder und schlüssel

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EP (1) EP4474601A1 (de)
GB (1) GB2630395B (de)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0892130A2 (de) 1997-07-18 1999-01-20 Brian Cowper Schliesszylinder
WO2017067096A1 (zh) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 梁敬彤 一种弹子锁

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2488783B (en) * 2011-03-07 2013-05-01 Banham Patent Locks Ltd Lock cylinder & key therefor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0892130A2 (de) 1997-07-18 1999-01-20 Brian Cowper Schliesszylinder
WO2017067096A1 (zh) * 2015-10-23 2017-04-27 梁敬彤 一种弹子锁

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Publication number Publication date
GB2630395A (en) 2024-11-27
GB2630395B (en) 2025-05-28
GB202307969D0 (en) 2023-07-12

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