EP4460688A1 - Verfahren für die strukturaufklärung - Google Patents
Verfahren für die strukturaufklärungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4460688A1 EP4460688A1 EP22737554.0A EP22737554A EP4460688A1 EP 4460688 A1 EP4460688 A1 EP 4460688A1 EP 22737554 A EP22737554 A EP 22737554A EP 4460688 A1 EP4460688 A1 EP 4460688A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chiral
- mol
- cuvette
- molecules
- molecular mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/19—Dichroism
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for structural elucidation and the investigation of molecular target structures or interactions of chiral molecules with a molecular mass >500 g/mol and chiral macromolecules with a molecular mass >2000 g/mol.
- Circular dichroism is a special property of chiral molecules. Chiral molecules exist in two mirror-image forms that cannot be superimposed, much like the left and right human hands. These two mirror-image forms are called enantiomers.
- Circular dichroism enables the structure of chiral molecules to be elucidated by means of CD spectroscopy: the absorption difference for light of different wavelengths is measured with commercially available CD spectrometers and the desired CD spectrum is obtained.
- CD bands can be positive or negative and only occur in one wavelength range for which also
- Circular dichroism is usually measured on isotropic media.
- Isotropic media are solvents that are direction-independent, i.e. have no particular orientation, e.g. aqueous solutions.
- One method of examining aligned - i.e. oriented - molecules with CD measurements is the alignment of the molecules using electric fields.
- Another method of orientation is the approach of pumping a DNA solution through a multi-capillary cell in the direction of the light beam used to measure the samples [see reference: Chung S-Y. and Holzwarth G., 1975 Circular dichroism of flow-oriented nucleic acids. I. Experimental results, J. Mol. Biol. 92, 449].
- a liquid crystal is a substance that is liquid on the one hand, but also has direction-dependent, i.e. anisotropic, physical properties like a crystal on the other.
- liquid crystal one usually means thermotropic liquid crystals. These occur when certain substances are heated, usually when they melt, as an intermediate phase between the solid and liquid phase.
- the nematic phase of achiral liquid crystalline compounds is the simplest type of liquid crystalline phases.
- the rod-shaped molecules have a preferred orientation. [see literature: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%BCssigkristall]
- Circular dichroism measurements on steroids and aminoanthraquinones in a liquid crystal matrix are known. Previously, these molecules were in an anisotropic
- Liquid crystal matrix dissolved and partially aligned through the matrix.
- the liquid crystal matrix was mostly ZLI 1695, a mixture from Merck, Darmstadt.
- Cuvettes with L or T cells are used for UV and CD measurements on anisotropic samples.
- the light propagates parallel in the longitudinal direction to the optical axis (axis of symmetry of a rotationally symmetrical optical system), in the case of the T cell, the direction of propagation is perpendicular to the optical axis.
- ⁇ A ⁇ A is the measured ⁇ value of the anisotropic phases
- an e2 can also be measured with the L cell.
- the housings of the T-cells have electrodes with thicknesses of 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm and 3 mm. Only AC voltage of 300 Hz is used to orient the anisotropic samples in order to prevent the fluctuations that often occur when using DC voltage. A voltage of 5 kV with an electrode spacing of 4 mm results in a field strength of 1.25 x 10 6 V/m.
- the isotropic sample is filled with a syringe into the T-cell, which has been preheated to 80 °C.
- the spectra After the spectra have been recorded in the isotropic state, they are cooled down to the measurement temperatures. Before these are reached, the voltage is applied.
- the UV Spectra with a polarizer setting of 0°. 90°, 180° and 270° recorded. 0° and 180°, as well as 90° and 270” measurements are averaged and provide the absorption coefficients ⁇ 1 and s2. Then the sample is heated to 80 °C and the spectra of the isotropic samples are measured again.
- Baselines i.e. measurements with pure solvent, are recorded for the measurements, which are subtracted from the corresponding spectra of the solutions during evaluation after adjustment in the optically empty area.
- the L cell is used for ACD measurements. Their structure is described in literature: [J. Altschuh et al, J. Phys. E: Be, instrument.
- the L cell is also filled with isotropic solution.
- Solution is dripped onto the lower plate of the opened cell between a layer thickness spacer until the solution surface curves convexly over the edge of the layer thickness spacer.
- put 2 - 3 drops of solution in the middle of the top plate When screwing together, care must be taken that the solutions on the two plates do not touch, so that the phase is not twisted.
- This careful filling technique, together with the design of the cell is intended to prevent small plots of the sample from experiencing an orientation that is not parallel to the optical axis.
- the molecular arrangement in anisotropic systems is described by orientation distribution functions.
- Liquid crystals in the nematic state serve as anisotropic solvents.
- Nematic phases are generally aligned rotationally symmetrically around the optical axis.
- a tensor is a linear mapping with characteristic transformation behavior.
- Fig. 5 Tensor coordinates of compound R-3. (1,4-bis-(1-R-phenylethylamino)-9,1O-antraquinone) in a 1st wavelength range, and
- Fig. 1 shows the measured CD spectrum in the isotropic phase at 80 °C and the ACD spectrum at 38 °C.
- the ACD spectrum has a small positive front band but is otherwise negative.
- the CD spectrum of the isotropic phase is completely negative.
- the tensor coordinates calculated from this are shown in Fig. 2. As can be seen, the sum of the tensor coordinates ⁇ 11 + ⁇ 22 is negative, while the tensor coordinate ⁇ 33 is positive.
- Fig. 3, 4 In the second example, the nn* transition and the nn* transition with bands I and II of compound 11_ (6 ⁇ — bromocholest-4-en-3-one) are examined (Fig. 3 and 4) .
- the CD spectrum is positive in the nn* transition, negative in band I and positive again in band II.
- the tensor coordinates are not bisignoid in the nn* domain.
- ⁇ 11 + ⁇ 22 changes sign in the nn* range compared to the nn* band.
- the ⁇ 33 curve has no pronounced structure in band II. Their maximum coincides with the ⁇ 11 + ⁇ 22 tensor coordinate, while the maxima of the other tensor coordinates lie at lower wavenumbers. The reason for this is that the sum of the contributions of the magnetic transition moment leads to negative values in band I and positive values in band II and because of the superposition the bands are pushed into each other.
- Fig. 5, 6 In the third example, tensor coordinates of R-_3 (1,4-bis-(1-R-phenylethylamino)-9,10-anthraquinone) are shown in two different wavelength ranges.
- Fig. 5 gives the tensor coordinates for the CT region, which is completely polarized in the x 3 direction after spectral decomposition.
- the sum ⁇ 11 + ⁇ 22 indicates the magnetic dipole component and the difference ⁇ 11 - ⁇ 22 indicates the electric quadrupole component.
- the tensor coordinates of the entire measurement range of the nn* transitions are shown in Fig. 6.
- the tensor coordinates are significantly larger than the respective ⁇ , which was measured in the isotropic phase.
- High-resolution X-ray structural analyzes or NMR spectroscopy are used for detailed structural analysis of biological macromolecules (such as peptides, proteins and nucleic acids).
- biological macromolecules such as peptides, proteins and nucleic acids.
- these analysis methods are very time-consuming and labor-intensive and sometimes difficult to demonstrate experimentally.
- large amounts of sample are required [see literature: http://www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/ylu/vsc/de/ch/8/bc/ylu/prot eindynamik/circular dichroism .ylu/Page/vsc/de/ch/8/bc/protein dynamik/cd .vscml,html]
- the object of the invention is to expand the possible uses of CD spectroscopy for determining the structure of chiral molecules and to enable the investigation of molecular target structures or interactions of these molecules.
- the invention provides a method for structural elucidation and the investigation of molecular target structures or interactions of larger chiral molecules with a molecular mass >500 g/mol and chiral macromolecules with a molecular mass >2000 g/mol.
- the method is based on the spatial alignment of the dissolved larger chiral molecules with a molecular mass > 500 g/mol and the chiral macromolecules with a molecular mass > 2,000 g/mol in nematic liquid crystals using an electric field and the determination of partial spectra for the 3 spatial directions.
- the decomposition of the spectra into partial spectra for the 3 spatial directions according to the invention provides information that is very valuable for molecules with a molecular mass >500 g/mol and especially for macromolecules.
- the method according to the invention provides new information about the structure of the molecules examined more quickly and easily. This method can also be used to identify interactions between different molecules. For example, the use of anisotropic CD measurements as a new tool in analytical chemistry can contribute to the identification of active substances in pharmaceutical research.
- CD spectrometers are equipped with xenon lamps that emit light from the near infrared range to the ultraviolet range.
- the sample compartment should be large enough to accommodate the special cuvette for ACD measurements and its holder.
- Suitable polarization filters or polarizers are necessary to generate linearly polarized light in the beam path of the optical spectrometer. With linearly polarized light, the light waves oscillate in a defined direction.
- the absorption coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are measured in anisotropic solutions with light polarized perpendicularly or parallel to the optical axis. For example, using a T cell.
- Nematic liquid-crystal mixtures are suitable as anisotropic solvents. This
- Liquid-crystal mixtures must be achiral and should be optically empty in the spectral range in which the bands of the dissolved molecules are measured, ie they should have no absorption far into the UV range of about 190 nm. In addition, they must be in the nematic phase in the temperature range intended for the ACD measurements.
- the clearing point i.e. the temperature at which the solution becomes isotropic
- the temperature at which the solution becomes isotropic should not be too high above 60°C, since the solution of the substances to be examined is best prepared and filled into the cuvettes above the clearing point should. If the clearing point were too high, the molecules to be examined could possibly change their structure/decompose.
- Electrodes made of metal are used in the cuvette in the optical spectrometer, the thickness of which determines the layer thickness.
- coated quartz windows coated for example with a tin dioxide film, act as electrodes.
- the nematic phases should preferably be aligned with AC voltage. In the case of DC voltage, fluctuations can occur.
- the field strength greater than 10 6 V/m not only has to suffice for the orientation of the phases, but also to prevent disturbances, eg through the effects of suprastructural chirality of thin layers.
- the polarization filter and the cuvette must be kept in the sample chamber of the optical spectrometer during the measurement. Accordingly, there must also be a holder in the sample chamber of the CD spectrometer for its cuvette, which not only allows temperature-dependent measurements, but also measurements with different angles of rotation of the cuvette around the direction of propagation of the light beam.
- the molecules to be examined must be soluble in the nematic liquid crystal mixture and be stable in the temperature range of the measurements.
- the measurement data from the optical and the CD spectrometer are calculated using suitable computer programs. It should also be possible to print out measured and calculated spectra. Comparison possibilities for spectra of similar compounds are also advantageous.
- the thickness of the electrodes used in the cuvettes determines the layer thickness of the solutions to be examined according to the Lambert-Beer law, because the electrodes act as spacers between the two glass plates of a cuvette.
- the extinction can be optimized through the layer thickness.
- the isotropic phase of the liquid crystal changes to the nematic phase.
- the electric field must be applied.
- the measurements are registered with the polarizer settings of 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°.
- Absorption measurements with light polarized perpendicular to the optical axis yield the absorption coefficient ⁇ 1 , with the plane of polarization parallel to the optical axis the absorption coefficient ⁇ 2 .
- a CD measurement of the isotropic phase before and after the field measurements is recommended, as is the case with the measurements in the optical spectrometer.
- This cuvette is also allowed to cool down to the measurement temperature of the ACD measurements after the 1st measurement of the isotropic phase.
- the electric field has to be switched on before starting the ACD measurements with field strengths of 4 x 10 6 V/m so that the nematic phase can align itself and possible disturbances such as effects of suprastructural chirality can be resolved.
- ACD measurements at different angular positions of the L cell may be necessary to average out residual components of linear effects.
- Larger chiral molecules can also be sufficiently oriented (aligned) in isotropic solutions, in particular aqueous or organic solutions, by means of an electric field, so that liquid crystals can be dispensed with as solvents.
- the measurements and the evaluations of the spectra then take place in accordance with the procedure described for the nematic phases.
- Nematic phases aligned by an electric field should be uniaxial, i.e. rotationally symmetric. Then order parameters describe the orientation of the dissolved molecules in the liquid crystalline host phase.
- the Order parameters S are approximately equal to the degree of anisotropy R.
- the degree of anisotropy R is calculated according to Equation 8 from the absorption coefficients ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 .
- the tensor coordinates figuratively speaking, the partial spectra from the 3 spatial directions, are the
- the CD spectrum of a substance can be calculated as a linear combination of the basic spectra of the
- Chromophore units are understood to be in specific conformations. Reference spectra of substances whose structure is known from high-resolution analyzes can be used to evaluate the measured spectra
- the chromophores of a substance can interact with each other or with other atomic groups of the same substance or another substance that is present in the solution. These interactions can affect, for example, the occurrence, the relative position, the intensity or the splitting of CD bands.
- CD spectra can be found in Internet databases. There are programs on the Internet for isotropic spectra that support the evaluation of the spectra.
- 2,000 g/mol into the cuvette is divided into the following steps: a) Absorption measurements of the dissolved molecules in liquid-crystalline phases that are aligned by an electric field, and from this estimation of order parameters. b) Measurement of the circular dichroism of dissolved molecules in liquid crystalline phases aligned by an electric field.
- Steps a) and b) also apply if the
- the determined spectra are compared with reference spectra that are already known or with spectra whose structure is known from high-resolution structural analyses.
- the new method can be used analytically for:
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021003249.7A DE102021003249A1 (de) | 2021-06-19 | 2021-06-19 | Dieses Patent beschreibt ein neues Verfahren für die Strukturaufklärung und die Untersuchung von molekularen Zielstrukturen bzw. Wechselwirkungen von größeren chiralen Molekülen mit einer Molekülmasse > 500 g/mol und chiralen Makromolekülen mit einer Molekülmasse > 2.000 g/mol |
| PCT/EP2022/025286 WO2022263019A1 (de) | 2021-06-19 | 2022-06-20 | Verfahren für die strukturaufklärung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4460688A1 true EP4460688A1 (de) | 2024-11-13 |
Family
ID=82399355
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22737554.0A Pending EP4460688A1 (de) | 2021-06-19 | 2022-06-20 | Verfahren für die strukturaufklärung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4460688A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021003249A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022263019A1 (de) |
-
2021
- 2021-06-19 DE DE102021003249.7A patent/DE102021003249A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-06-20 WO PCT/EP2022/025286 patent/WO2022263019A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-06-20 EP EP22737554.0A patent/EP4460688A1/de active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ALTSCHUH J ET AL: "A cuvette and the technique for circular dichroism measurements of molecules oriented in a liquid crystal matrix", J. PHYS. E: SCI. INSTR., vol. 14, 1 January 1981 (1981-01-01), pages 43 - 44, XP093299636 * |
| NEUBRECH STEFAN: "Die Anisotropie des Circulardicroismus organischer Moleküle", DISSERTATION, 1 January 1991 (1991-01-01), DE, pages 1 - 264, XP093299632 * |
| See also references of WO2022263019A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022263019A1 (de) | 2022-12-22 |
| DE102021003249A1 (de) | 2022-12-22 |
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