EP4449605A1 - Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'un moteur électrique en vue de réduire un bruit de fonctionnement - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'un moteur électrique en vue de réduire un bruit de fonctionnementInfo
- Publication number
- EP4449605A1 EP4449605A1 EP22834688.8A EP22834688A EP4449605A1 EP 4449605 A1 EP4449605 A1 EP 4449605A1 EP 22834688 A EP22834688 A EP 22834688A EP 4449605 A1 EP4449605 A1 EP 4449605A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inverter
- conduction angle
- modified
- control
- centered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/0004—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/18—Controlling the angular speed together with angular position or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/28—Controlling the motor by varying the switching frequency of switches connected to a DC supply and the motor phases
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
- H02P25/03—Synchronous motors with brushless excitation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
Definitions
- TITLE Device and method for controlling an electric motor in order to reduce operating noise
- the invention relates to the field of electric motors and more particularly to a device for controlling an electric motor and a control method.
- the invention applies to the field of home automation installations, in particular installations in a building comprising an opening, window or door, the installation being equipped with a screen belonging to a device for concealing the opening, in particular a motorized roller blind, through an electromechanical actuator.
- Such an electromechanical actuator comprises in particular an electric motor and makes it possible to rotate a winding shaft or tube so as to unwind or wind up the screen of the screening device.
- PMSM electronically commutated synchronous “brushless” electric motor
- PMSM Permanent Magnetic Synchron Motor
- Each winding of the stator is powered by an electrical phase, designated by U, V and W in the remainder of the description.
- an inverter contains at least one power line, each of the parts of the power line in connection with an electrical ground of the inverter will be qualified as “ground side”, or “low side” in English, and each of the parts of the power line in connection with a power supply of the inverter will be qualified as “supply side” or “high side” in English.
- Each electrical line comprises on the ground side a first switching cell, for example of the MOSFET type, also called “low side” and on the supply side a second switching cell, for example of the MOSFET type, also called “high side”. , according to a pattern known to those skilled in the art.
- the phases of the motor stator windings are fed from the power lines of the inverter. More particularly, the or each phase is connected to an electrical line between the switching cell on the ground side and the switching cell on the supply side.
- Each switching cell of the inverter comprises an activated state in which the switching cell allows passage of a current and a blocking state in which said switching cell blocks said passage of current.
- a sequence of state commands taken by each switching cell as a function of time corresponds to an inverter control law.
- pulse width modulation also called “pulse width modulation” in English, so-called “rotating” modulation in which a cell different switching mode is modulated on each switching.
- This command has the advantage of being robust and requiring little computing power. However, it generates an audible noise during motor operation. This noise is considered particularly annoying in home automation installations.
- the aim of the invention is to propose a control law requiring little computing power and making it possible to reduce the noise emitted compared to a conventional trapezoidal control.
- the subject of the invention is a device for controlling a synchronous electric motor comprising at least one rotor and at least one stator, said at least one stator being provided with at least one winding supplied electrically by an inverter, said inverter comprising at least one at least one electrical line provided with at least one switching cell, the control device controlling the inverter by means of a control module determining a control law for the switching cells of said inverter, the control law determining at least one control angle and a conduction angle of the at least one switching cell, characterized in that the control module comprises a regulation loop for the conduction angle of the control law, said regulation loop determining an angle conduction angle based on a measurement of an image signal of a current flowing in the at least one power line, the modified angle of conduction being determined such that an image signal based on the image signal of the current and centered on at least one given frequency meets at least one criterion.
- the at least one motor stator winding is powered by the at least one power line of the inverter. More
- the motor comprises at least three windings.
- Each phase feeds a winding on an electrical angle so as to create a rotating magnetic field.
- At least one determining element determines a position of the rotor of the motor, such as for example a Hall effect sensor.
- the control device comprises a control module which determines an inverter control law corresponding to a switching sequence of the switching cells.
- the control module is therefore a set of electronic components, and a set of software programs which make it possible to control the switching cells of the inverter via a determination of the control angle and the conduction angle of the law of order. More precisely, the control device determines a control law of the trapezoidal type modified in that the control angle and the conduction angle of the control law have different values from that of a conventional trapezoidal control law.
- the control angle is a parameter of the control law of the inverter corresponding to an electrical angle between a switching of a switching cell on the supply side and an angular position of the rotor.
- This parameter is adjusted by delaying or advancing the switching sequence with respect to the electrical angle of the motor.
- the control angle makes it possible to indirectly adjust a load angle which corresponds to the electrical angle of a fundamental of the phase current with respect to a fundamental of an electromotive force of the motor, and which allows an optimal torque adjustment.
- the relationship between the control angle and the load angle is not linear and depends on the load conditions to which the motor is subjected. Generally the control angle is 30°.
- the load conditions to which the motor is subjected are linked to the screening device in which it is integrated. Rolling up or unrolling the screen on the roll-up tube modifies the load suspended from the roll-up tube, in particular the weight of the suspended part of the screen, and therefore the effort that the motor must provide to roll up or scroll down the screen. These load conditions therefore change during the rotation of the motor.
- the conduction angle is the electrical angle corresponding to the time during which a switching cell is in an activated state. Generally, for a motor with three windings, this angle is 120° in the case of the trapezoidal control because conduction of a switching cell takes place over two sectors of 60°.
- the modified trapezoidal control comprises six sequences with two switching cells in the activated state and then six sequences with three switching cells in the activated state.
- the control module comprises a regulation loop which makes it possible to modify the angle of conduction of the trapezoidal control law.
- the regulation loop determines the modified conduction angle.
- the control module therefore aims to increase or decrease the conduction angle at the input of the inverter control module, thus ensuring that the criterion is met.
- the regulation loop receives as input the image signal of the current flowing in at least one of the electrical lines depending on the conduction angle and determines from this image signal a new modified conduction angle.
- the criterion is such that when the current image signal complies with the criterion, the amplitude of a harmonic at a given frequency of the current image signal flowing in at least one of the electric lines is reduced, and thus reduce a sound noise , that is to say an acoustic signal, emitted by the motor.
- the applicant has discovered a correlation between an amplitude of a harmonic at a given frequency of the acoustic signal of the motor and the amplitude of a harmonic at a given frequency of the image signal of the current flowing in at least one of the power lines.
- a harmonic By reducing the amplitude of the harmonic at a given frequency of the image signal of the current flowing in at least one of the electric lines, hereafter also called current harmonic, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the harmonic at a given frequency of the acoustic signal of the engine, hereafter also called acoustic harmonic, and therefore its noise level.
- This correlation is determined using analytical multiphysics (magnetic, vibration, acoustic) models.
- analytical multiphysics magnetic, vibration, acoustic
- the multiphysics models make it possible to determine which harmonics of magnetic forces are at the origin of the acoustic harmonics. More precisely, by direct approach (solving analytical equations) or inverse (use of a convolution product), applied to the calculation of the magnetic forces, it is possible to go back to the harmonics of magnetic induction which are responsible for them. Then by applying the same approach (direct or reverse) to the calculation of the induction, it is possible to find the current harmonics which are at the origin.
- the modification of the conduction angle of the inverter carried out at the output of the regulation loop will modify the value of the image signal of the current flowing in at least one of the electrical lines.
- the invention may also have one or more of the following characteristics taken alone or in combination.
- the regulation loop comprises at least one band-pass amplifier or at least one band-pass filter receiving the current image signal as input and outputting an image signal centered on the at least one given frequency .
- the bandpass amplifier or the bandpass filter is realized by means of electronic components or by software.
- the band-pass amplifier or band-pass filter receives the current image signal as input. It processes this signal so as to emit an image signal, or output signal centered on at least one given frequency of the current harmonic which is to be reduced.
- An amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency therefore corresponds to the amplitude of a harmonic at the at least one given frequency of the current image signal.
- the at least one given frequency is fixed.
- the bandpass amplifier or bandpass filter processes the current image signal to isolate and amplify the signal at that given frequency.
- the at least one given frequency corresponds to a set of frequencies which are multiples of a base frequency.
- the regulation loop comprises at least one comparison module which compares the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency with the at least one criterion, the at least one criterion being a value of amplitude threshold.
- the modified conduction angle is modified if the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency does not validate the at least one criterion.
- the conduction angle is modified as long as the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency does not validate the at least one criterion.
- the regulation loop comprises at least one comparison module which compares an amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency with at least one criterion.
- the threshold value corresponds to an amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency.
- the threshold value makes it possible to determine a maximum value of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency, below which the modified conduction angle retains the value it had at the output of the previous regulation loop. In other words, it is the value below which the level of the sound harmonic is acceptable.
- the threshold value corresponds to a hysteresis value which avoids oscillations of the modified conduction angle.
- the conduction angle is modified with a determined step.
- the conduction angle is modified by a determined step.
- control loop determines a modified control angle as a function of the modified conduction angle.
- Determining a modified control angle i.e. readjusting the control angle when the modified conduction angle varies, makes it possible to maintain an optimal torque setting.
- the regulation loop imposes that
- the measurement of the image signal of the current flowing in the at least one electrical line is obtained by a voltage sensor placed at the level of an electrical resistance positioned in series between a power supply of the inverter and the at least one switching cell.
- the modified conduction angle is between 120° and 180°.
- control module comprises a loop for regulating a speed of rotation of said motor.
- the speed regulation loop comprises a proportional-integral corrector which modifies a value of a duty cycle of a pulse width modulation as a function of a difference between a set rotation speed and a estimated rotational speed.
- the speed of rotation is estimated using at least one element for determining the angular position of the rotor, for example a Hall effect sensor.
- the speed is regulated by means of a PI corrector and the value of the duty cycle according to the difference between the setpoint speed and the estimated speed.
- the conduction angle is predetermined, for example at 120°.
- a single switching cell is modulated at each instant to limit switching losses.
- pulse width modulation refers to the angle during which pulse width modulation is performed.
- the pulse width modulation has a value of 60 electrical degrees.
- the pulse width modulation is centered with respect to the conduction angle, or the pulse width modulation is at 60° from the start of the conduction angle, or the width modulation Pulse is performed at one end of the conduction angle.
- the invention also relates to an electromechanical actuator intended for driving a dimming device in a home automation installation, the electromechanical actuator comprising a motor comprising at least one rotor and at least one stator, the actuator also comprising an inverter , said at least one stator being provided with at least one winding electrically supplied by the inverter, said inverter comprising at least one electrical line provided with at least one switching cell, the actuator also comprising a control device in accordance with the invention, for controlling the inverter.
- the invention further relates to a control method implementing a device for controlling a synchronous electric motor comprising at least one rotor and at least one stator, said at least one stator being provided with at least one winding electrically powered by an inverter, said inverter comprising at least one electrical line provided with at least one switching cell, the control device controlling the inverter by means of a control module determining a control law of the at least one switching cell switching of said inverter, the control law determining at least one control angle and one conduction angle of the at least one switching cell, characterized in that the method comprises: an acquisition step in which an image signal of a current flowing in the at least one electrical line of the inverter is measured; a determination step in which a modified conduction angle is determined such that an image signal based on the current image signal and centered on at least one given frequency meets at least one criterion; a control step in which the inverter is controlled by means of the control law comprising the modified conduction angle.
- the method according to the invention comprises three main steps making it possible to reduce the noise emitted by the electric motor. These steps are carried out by the control module and more particularly the determination step is carried out by the control loop.
- the determining step is based on input data including the current image signal and the criterion, and determines the modified conduction angle based on the input data.
- the control step consists in controlling the inverter by means of the control law in which the conduction angle corresponds to the conduction angle modified during the determination step.
- the acquisition step corresponds to a step of measuring a voltage by means of a voltage sensor at the level of an electrical resistance positioned in series between a power supply of the inverter and the at least one switching cell.
- the determination step comprises:
- the analysis phase is performed by the comparison module. More precisely, the amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency is compared to the at least one criterion.
- the specification phase is carried out based on the analysis carried out during the analysis phase. According to the results of the analysis phase, the specification phase determines a new value of the conduction angle so as to obtain the modified conduction angle.
- the value of the modified conduction angle is determined at a fixed value, for example equal to 150°.
- the value of the modified conduction angle is determined equal to 120°
- the value of the modified conduction angle is modified in a first direction during the specification phase, if at a time T 1 , greater than time TO, the amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency is greater than the amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one frequency at time T0, then the value of the modified conduction angle is modified in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, during the specification phase, if at time T1, the amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency is less than the amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one frequency at time T0, then the value of the modified conduction angle is modified in the first direction during the specification phase, if the amplitude of the output signal centered on the at least one given frequency is lower than the threshold then the value of the modified conduction angle is kept constant during the specification phase
- the first direction and the second direction correspond to an addition or a reduction of the value of the angle of conduction.
- the conduction angle is equal to 120°, the first direction is an increase.
- the conduction angle is modified with a determined step.
- the threshold corresponds to a chosen hysteresis value.
- the specification phase determines a modified command angle based on the modified conduction angle.
- the method comprises a step of regulating a rotational speed of the electric motor.
- the method therefore comprises a loop for regulating the speed of rotation of the electric motor.
- the speed regulation loop is independent of the conduction angle regulation loop.
- the step of regulating the speed of rotation is carried out by a proportional-integral corrector which modifies a value of a duty cycle of a pulse width modulation as a function of a difference between a set rotation speed and an estimated rotation speed.
- the pulse width modulation is centered with respect to the conduction angle, or the pulse width modulation is at 60° from the start of the conduction angle, or the width modulation Pulse is performed at one end of the conduction angle.
- FIG.1 is a schematic cross section of an installation according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG.2 Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the installation illustrated in Figure 1
- Figure 3 is a schematic section of an electromechanical actuator of the installation illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, along a section plane passing through an axis of rotation of an output shaft of the electromechanical actuator,
- FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of part of the process according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 is a representation of the evolution of the phase current as a function of frequency for a conduction angle of 120° and 170°
- FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of an inverter and an electric motor
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of an inverter control law for a conduction angle of 160°
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of a bandpass filter used in the invention.
- a home automation system according to the invention and installed in a building B comprising an opening 1, window or door, equipped with a screen 2 belonging to a device of occultation 3, in particular a motorized roller blind.
- the concealment device 3 can alternatively be a rolling shutter, a blind with adjustable slats, or even a roll-up door.
- the present invention applies to all types of concealment device comprising a rotating motorized winding shaft.
- the screen 2 of the screening device 3 is wound on a winding shaft 4, provided in the form of a winding tube, driven by a motorized drive device 5.
- the screen 2 is movable between a rolled up position, in particular high, and an unrolled position, in particular low.
- the motorized drive device 5 comprises an electromechanical actuator 11, in particular of the tubular type, making it possible to rotate the winding tube 4 so as to unwind or wind the screen 2 of the screening device 3.
- the dimming device 3 includes the winding tube 4 for rolling up the screen 2. In the mounted state of the home automation system, the electromechanical actuator 11 is inserted into the winding tube 4.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 and the winding tube 4 are both positioned coaxially along a longitudinal axis X.
- the inside diameter of the winding tube 4 is substantially equivalent to the outside diameter of the electromechanical actuator 11, so that the electromechanical actuator 11 can be inserted into the winding tube 4 during the assembly of the concealment device 3.
- the screen 2 of the roller shutter 3 is formed by a fabric, which hooks at one end to the winding tube and at the other end to a weighted bar 8.
- the rolled up high position of the screen corresponds to the position of the weighted bar at the level of the winding tube and the low unrolled position corresponds to the position of the weighted bar 8 of the screen 2 at the level of the threshold 7 of the opening 1 .
- the deployment of the screen can be guided by slides 6.
- the winding tube 4 can be arranged inside a box 9 or be visible.
- the winding tube 4 is rotatable relative to a support 10, such as a cheek, of the trunk 9.
- the motorized drive device 5 is controlled by a control unit.
- the control unit can be, for example, a local control unit 12, where the local control unit 12 can be connected by wired or wireless link with a central control unit 13.
- the control unit 12 is represented here in radio version with an antenna 12a.
- the central control unit 13 controls the local control unit 12, as well as other similar local control units distributed in the building. It is shown here fitted with a radio antenna 13a.
- the central control unit 13 can be in communication with one or more sensors, not shown, which can be configured to determine, for example, a temperature, an interior or exterior luminosity.
- a remote control 14 which can be a type of local control unit, and provided with a control keyboard, which comprises selection and possibly display means, also allows a user to intervene on the electromechanical actuator 11 and/or the local 12 and/or central 13 control unit.
- the motorized drive device 5 is preferably configured to execute the commands for unwinding or rolling up the screen 2 of the screening device 3, which can be issued in particular by the remote control 14, the local control unit 12, the central control unit 13 or a sensor.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 comprises an electric motor 16.
- the electric motor 16 comprises a stator and a rotor positioned coaxially around the longitudinal axis or axis of rotation X.
- Means for controlling the electromechanical actuator 11, allowing the movement of the screen 2 of the screening device 3, are constituted by at least one electronic control unit 15.
- This electronic control unit 15 is capable of putting into operation THE electric motor 16 of the electromechanical actuator 11 and, in particular, to allow the electric power supply to the electric motor 16.
- the electronic control unit 15 controls, in particular, the electric motor 16, so as to open or close screen 2, as previously described.
- the electronic control unit 15 also comprises a module for receiving commands, in particular radioelectric commands transmitted by a command transmitter, such as the remote control 14, intended to control the electromechanical actuator 11.
- the reception module of orders can thus receive position instructions and/or movement orders, such as, for example, opening or closing the screen 2, coming for example from a local control unit 12, from a remote control 14, from a central control unit 13 or a sensor of the home automation installation.
- the order reception module can also allow the reception of orders transmitted by wired means.
- the electronic control unit 15 is arranged inside a casing 17 of the electromechanical actuator 11.
- the control means of the electromechanical actuator 11 comprise hardware and/or software means.
- the hardware means may comprise at least one microcontroller.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 is supplied with electrical energy by an electrical power supply network of the building, for example by the alternating network of the sector or by a direct current bus, or even by means of a battery not shown, which can be recharged , for example, by a photovoltaic panel.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 includes an electrical power cable 18 allowing it to be supplied with electrical energy from the mains electrical supply network.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 is intended to be placed in a U-shaped rail and intended to rotate a winding shaft on which the cords associated with the screen are wound.
- the housing 17 of the electromechanical actuator 11 is preferably cylindrical in shape.
- the casing 17 can be made of a metallic material.
- the material of the housing of the electromechanical actuator is in no way limiting and may be different, it may in particular be plastic.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 also comprises a reduction gear 19, in particular an epicyclic reduction gear and an output shaft 20.
- the electric motor 16 and the reduction gear 19 are arranged inside the casing 17 of the electromechanical actuator 11.
- the output shaft 20 of the electromechanical actuator 11 is arranged inside the winding tube 4 and, at least in part, outside the casing 17 of the electromechanical actuator 11.
- the output shaft 20 of the electromechanical actuator 11 is coupled by a connecting accessory 30 to the winding tube 4, in particular a connecting accessory in the form of a wheel.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 also comprises a torque support 21, mounted at one end of the housing 17 opposite the output shaft 20 and closing off the end of the housing 17.
- the housing 17 and the torque support 21 are fixed in rotation relative to each other.
- the torque support 21 of the electromechanical actuator 11 is fixed to the support 10 of the box 9 of the concealment device 3.
- the torque support 21 is also called the "fixed point" of the electromechanical actuator 11.
- the electromechanical actuator 11 also comprises a crown-bearing mounted on the casing 17 and free in rotation with respect to the casing 17.
- the crown-bearing is fixed in rotation to the winding tube 4, so that the crown-bearing ensures a bearing function in rotation of the winding tube 4 on the casing 17, close to the torque support 21 .
- the electric motor 16 is of the electronically commutated brushless type, of the permanent magnet synchronous motor type, called “PMSM” (acronym of the English term Permanent Magnetic Synchron Motor).
- the rotor of the electric motor 16 comprises a rotor body provided with magnetic elements surrounded by the stator.
- the magnetic elements are permanent magnets.
- the stator of the electric motor 16 comprises a stator core comprising pole elements distributed over the periphery of the stator. Pole elements are also called teeth.
- the stator of the electric motor 16 comprises windings Ph1, Ph2, Ph3, in this case three, electrically connected to each other, as illustrated schematically in Figure 6.
- the windings Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 are positioned around the pole elements of the stator. More precisely, each pole element is surrounded by a winding Ph1, Ph2 or Ph3 which is specific to it.
- the windings Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 are interconnected so that when they are alternately traversed by a current, they produce a rotating electromagnetic field which drives the rotor in rotation.
- the electronic control unit 15 of the electromechanical actuator 11 comprises a circuit for rectifying the alternating voltage of the electrical power supply network and an electrical power supply module.
- the power supply module is thus electrically connected to an AC voltage source V1.
- the value of alternating voltage V1 is defined with respect to a reference voltage.
- the rectifying circuit of the alternating voltage of the power supply network can be external to the electromechanical actuator 11.
- the electronic control unit 15 of the electromechanical actuator 11 also comprises angular position determining elements (not shown) positioned so as to fixed relative to the stator, preferably integrated therein.
- these angular position determining elements comprise Hall effect sensors with binary output.
- these determining elements are positioned at 60° or 120° relative to each other around the X axis, inside the stator. These sensors are capable of providing an angular position of the rotor of the electric motor 16 around the axis X and therefore an equivalent angular position of the output shaft 20 of the electromechanical actuator 11 .
- the number of angular position determination elements is not necessarily equal to 3.
- the determination element can be a physical sensor or a virtual sensor.
- the number of determining element can also be equal to 1, 2 and 4 or more. In this case, the distribution of the determining element(s) around the X axis is adapted according to their number.
- the electronic control unit 15 is in particular configured to drive the electric motor 16 so as to set the screen 2 in motion to move it to a desired position.
- the electronic control unit 15 is configured to drive the electric motor 16 using a pulse width modulation technique (PWM or Pulse Width Modulation).
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the electronic control unit 15 is in particular configured to drive the electric motor 16 taking into account the angular position of the rotor, for example measured by the angular position determining element or elements.
- the power supply module forms part, at least partially, of the electronic control unit 15 of the electromechanical actuator 11 .
- the electronic control unit 15 of the electromechanical actuator 11 may include an obstacle and end-of-travel detection device (not shown) when the screen 2 is rolled up and when this screen is unrolled.
- Each winding Ph1, Ph2, Ph3 of the stator is supplied by an electrical phase U, V, W as can be seen in figure 6.
- the power supply module also called an inverter
- the power supply module contains three power lines, each of the parts of the power lines in connection with an electrical ground of a generator V1 of the inverter will be qualified as “ground side”, or “low side” in English, and each of the parts of the electric lines in connection with a supply of the generator V1 of the inverter will be qualified as “supply side” or “high side” in English.
- Each electrical line comprises on the ground side a first switching cell M4, M5, M6, for example of the MOSFET type or "IGBT” type transistor (acronym of the Anglo-Saxon term Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) also qualified as "low side”.
- each phase U, V, W is connected to an electrical line of the inverter, between the ground-side switching cell M4, M5, M6 and the power-side switching cell M1, M2, M3.
- Each switching cell M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 of the inverter comprises an activated state in which the switching cell M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 allows passage of a current and a state blocking wherein said switching cell M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 blocks said current flow.
- a sequence of state commands that each switching cell M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 must take as a function of time corresponds to an inverter control law.
- the electrical power supply module thus supplies electrical energy, sequentially, to the windings Ph1, Ph2, Ph3, so as to produce the rotating electromagnetic field causing the rotational drive of the rotor of the electric motor 16.
- Each switching cell M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 contributes to the sequential power supply of the windings Ph1, Ph2, Ph3.
- the inverter also comprises an AC/DC converter in particular composed of a diode bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 and a capacitor C1 making it possible to transform an alternating current emitted by the generator V1 of the inverter into a direct current.
- an AC/DC converter in particular composed of a diode bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 and a capacitor C1 making it possible to transform an alternating current emitted by the generator V1 of the inverter into a direct current.
- the inverter includes an electrical resistor R2 positioned in series between the generator V1 of the inverter and the switching cell M6. This resistor is also called shunt resistor R2.
- the objective of the invention is to reduce a sound level, that is to say a noise emitted by the engine during its operation.
- the applicant has discovered a correlation between an amplitude of a harmonic at a given frequency of an acoustic signal from the motor and an amplitude of a harmonic at a given frequency J19, J23 of the image signal of the current Ve flowing in the at least one of the power lines.
- acoustic harmonic By reducing the amplitude of the harmonic at a given frequency J19, J23 of the image signal of the current Ve flowing in at least one of the electric lines, hereafter also called current harmonic, it is possible to reduce the amplitude of the harmonic at a given frequency of the acoustic signal of the engine, hereafter also called acoustic harmonic, and therefore its sound level.
- This correlation is determined using analytical multiphysics (magnetic, vibration, acoustic) models.
- the multiphysics models make it possible to determine which harmonics of magnetic forces are at the origin of the acoustic harmonics. More precisely, by direct approach (solving analytical equations) or inverse (use of a convolution product), applied to the calculation of the magnetic forces, it is possible to go back to the harmonics of magnetic induction which are responsible for it. Then by applying the same approach (direct or inverse) to the calculation of the induction, it is possible to find the current harmonics which are at the origin. For example, the acoustic harmonic present at 2 kHz corresponds to current harmonics at 1.9 kHz, denoted J19, and at 2.3 kHz, denoted J23.
- the control device comprises a control module which carries out the method according to the invention so as to determine the control law of the inverter and more precisely the conduction angle ⁇ and a control angle ⁇ appropriate to solve the noise problem.
- the control module is a set of electronic components, and a set of software programs which make it possible to control the switching cells M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6 of the inverter via a determination of the control angle and of the conduction angle of the control law.
- the method according to the invention comprises an acquisition step E1 in which an image signal of a current Ve flowing in at least one of the electrical lines of the inverter is measured.
- the acquisition step corresponds to a step of measuring a voltage by means of a voltage sensor at the level of the shunt resistor R2.
- the method also comprises a determination step E2 in which a modified conduction angle 5 m is determined so that an image signal based on the image signal of the current and centered on at least one given frequency, meets at least one criterion .
- the determination step E2 is carried out by the regulation loop which comprises an amplifier or a band-pass filter and a comparison module.
- the determination step E2 comprises a processing phase E21 in which the image signal of the current Ve flowing in at least one of the electric lines is processed by at least the band-pass filter or the band-pass amplifier so as to determining an output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency.
- the band-pass amplifier or the band-pass filter receives at input the image signal of the current Ve and emits the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency of the current harmonic which is to be reduced.
- the amplifier pass band or the band pass filter processes the image signal of the current Ve to isolate and amplify the signal at this frequency.
- the band-pass amplifier or the band-pass filter is produced by means of discrete electronic components, as represented in FIG. 8 for example, and/or by means of integrated components and/or software.
- the band-pass filter of Figure 8 comprises two capacitors C1, C2, two resistors R1, R2' and an amplifier according to an assembly known to those skilled in the art.
- the frequency of the current harmonic which is to be reduced is fixed, i.e. determined by upstream studies and does not vary during use of the motor.
- the determination step E2 comprises an analysis phase E22 in which the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency is compared with at least one criterion.
- the analysis phase E22 is carried out by the comparison module. More precisely, the amplitude of the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency is compared with at least one criterion.
- the modified conduction angle 5 m is modified only if the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency does not validate the at least one criterion.
- the at least one criterion is a threshold value S of the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency.
- the threshold value S corresponds to an amplitude of the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency.
- the threshold value S makes it possible to determine a maximum value of the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency below which the modified conduction angle 5 m is not modified. In other words, it is the value of the current harmonic J19, J23 below which the level of the sound harmonic is acceptable.
- the threshold value S corresponds to a hysteresis value which avoids oscillations of the modified conduction angle 5 m .
- the determination step E2 comprises a specification phase E23 in which the modified conduction angle 5 m is determined.
- the specification phase E23 is carried out from the analysis made during the analysis phase E22.
- the value of the modified conduction angle 5 m is determined at a fixed value, for example equal to 150°.
- the value of the modified conduction angle 5 m is determined equal to 120°
- the amplitude of the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency is greater than the threshold S then the value of the modified conduction angle 5 m is modified in a first direction during the specification phase E23.
- a time T 1 greater than time T0, if the amplitude of the output signal Vs centered on the at least one given frequency is greater than the amplitude of the output signal Vs centered on the at least one frequency at the time T0 then the value of the modified conduction angle 5 m is modified in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, during the specification phase E23.
- the value of the angle modified conduction 5 m is modified in the first direction during the specification phase E23.
- the specification phase E23 also determines a modified control angle a m as a function of the modified conduction angle 5 m . Using the modified command angle a m when the modified conduction angle 5 m varies maintains an optimal torque setting.
- the modified conduction angle 5 m is between 120° and 180°.
- the method then comprises a control step E3 in which the inverter is controlled by means of the control law comprising the modified conduction angle 5 m .
- the method according to the invention also comprises a step of regulating a speed of rotation of the electric motor.
- the speed regulation loop is independent of the conduction angle regulation loop 5.
- the rotation speed regulation step is carried out by a proportional-integral corrector which modifies a value of a duty cycle d a PWM pulse width modulation as a function of a difference between a set rotation speed and an estimated rotation speed.
- the pulse width modulation PWM has a value of 60° electrical, that is to say that it is carried out for a duration corresponding to a rotation of the motor of 60° electrical.
- the PWM pulse width modulation can be centered with respect to the conduction angle, or be 60° from the start of the conduction angle, or at an end of the conduction angle.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a switching law for setting the modified conduction angle 5 m to 160° and the modified charge angle a m to 30°, the pulse width modulation PWM being centered with respect to conduction angle 5.
- the object of the invention is to increase or decrease the conduction angle ⁇ of the inverter in order to vary the amplitude of a current harmonic J19, J23 and therefore the amplitude of an acoustic harmonic.
- the modification of the conduction angle 5 of the inverter will modify the value of the image signal of the current Ve flowing in at least one of the electrical lines. Through the regulation loop, this variation will lead to a new determination of a modified conduction angle ⁇ m .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2113835A FR3131139A1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 | 2021-12-17 | Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d’un moteur électrique en vue de réduire un bruit de fonctionnement |
| PCT/FR2022/052207 WO2023111415A1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 | 2022-12-01 | Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'un moteur électrique en vue de réduire un bruit de fonctionnement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4449605A1 true EP4449605A1 (fr) | 2024-10-23 |
Family
ID=80595240
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22834688.8A Pending EP4449605A1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 | 2022-12-01 | Dispositif et procédé de contrôle d'un moteur électrique en vue de réduire un bruit de fonctionnement |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4449605A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3131139A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023111415A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7423411B2 (en) * | 2006-05-05 | 2008-09-09 | General Electric Company | Resistive torsional mode damping system and method |
| FR3108459B1 (fr) | 2020-03-20 | 2022-04-01 | Somfy Activites Sa | Procédé de détection d’un obstacle, actionneur électromécanique et installation de fermeture ou de protection solaire |
-
2021
- 2021-12-17 FR FR2113835A patent/FR3131139A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-12-01 EP EP22834688.8A patent/EP4449605A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-12-01 WO PCT/FR2022/052207 patent/WO2023111415A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023111415A1 (fr) | 2023-06-22 |
| FR3131139A1 (fr) | 2023-06-23 |
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