EP4444620A1 - Procede de verification de la puissance maximale disponible de differents organes d' une chaine propulsive d' un aeronef - Google Patents
Procede de verification de la puissance maximale disponible de differents organes d' une chaine propulsive d' un aeronefInfo
- Publication number
- EP4444620A1 EP4444620A1 EP22817289.6A EP22817289A EP4444620A1 EP 4444620 A1 EP4444620 A1 EP 4444620A1 EP 22817289 A EP22817289 A EP 22817289A EP 4444620 A1 EP4444620 A1 EP 4444620A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power
- aircraft
- maximum
- maximum power
- members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D31/00—Power plant control systems; Arrangement of power plant control systems in aircraft
- B64D31/02—Initiating means
- B64D31/06—Initiating means actuated automatically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D31/00—Power plant control systems; Arrangement of power plant control systems in aircraft
- B64D31/16—Power plant control systems; Arrangement of power plant control systems in aircraft for electric power plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
- B64D2045/0085—Devices for aircraft health monitoring, e.g. monitoring flutter or vibration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/34—All-electric aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the propulsion system of aircraft and more particularly to a method for verifying the maximum available power of members of a propulsion system of an aircraft.
- a helicopter is an aircraft conventionally provided with a main rotor driving a rotary wing in order to ensure its lift and its propulsion.
- a redundant propulsion system comprising two turbomachines operating in parallel.
- Each is designed to be oversized so as to be able to supply, in the event of failure of the other turbomachine, sufficient power to allow the helicopter to continue its flight and land in safe conditions.
- auxiliary power unit also called “Auxiliary Power Unit” or “APU”
- APU Advanced Power Unit
- the object of the invention is to propose a solution which at least partially overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.
- a method for verifying a maximum available power of members of a propulsion system of an aircraft comprising first members sized to compensate for a failure of second members of the propulsion system by supplying maximum power to maintain the aircraft in a safety operating range, the first members comprising an electric power source, a member for distributing the electric power supplied by the electric power source and a member for transforming the power supplied by the distribution.
- the method comprises the following steps for each of the first members:
- maximum power we mean the maximum power for particular operating conditions. There are thus several maximum powers and for example the maximum power at take-off for different temperatures and pressures, the maximum power in hovering flight out of ground effect...
- the power level is high enough to limit the uncertainties as to the ability of the organ to reach the expected power level. This ensures that aging, degradation, limitations, failures or latent errors of the first organs do not prevent full power from being obtained if necessary.
- the method further comprises the following steps:
- the process is automatically interrupted when at least one of the following conditions is met:
- the power supplied by the first member set to the maximum power regime is less than or equal to a threshold power
- a parameter of the first unit set to the maximum power regime is lower or higher than a threshold predetermined
- the method further comprises the step of collecting data from the first organs during the other steps, and of enriching a model allowing a predictive analysis of maintenance action needs for each of said first organs.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product comprising instructions for the execution of such a method when this program is executed by a processor.
- the invention also relates to a control device comprising a computer configured to implement such a method.
- the invention further relates to an assembly comprising at least two chains of members configured to operate in synergy and together supply the power necessary for an aircraft during a flight phase, the assembly being characterized in that it comprises such a device control.
- the invention also relates to an aircraft comprising at least two chains of components configured to operate in synergy and together provide the power necessary for an aircraft during a flight phase, the aircraft being characterized in that it comprises a computer configured to implement such a process.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an aircraft with hybrid electric propulsion
- FIG. 2 is a view partially and schematically representing the architecture of the hybrid electric propulsion of the aircraft illustrated in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 illustrates a method for checking the maximum power available from various components of an aircraft according to one embodiment of the invention.
- a vertical take-off and landing aircraft 1 (also called “Vertical Take-Off and Landing aircraft” or “VTOL”), here of the drone type, comprises a propulsion system comprising four propellers H1, H2, H3 , H4 serving both for propulsion and lift of the aircraft 1.
- Each of the propellers H1, H2, H3, H4 is driven in rotation by a first motor M1.1, M2.1, M3.1, M4 .1 electric and a second Ml.2, M2.2, M3.2, M4.2 electric motor.
- the first engine M1.1, M2.1, M3.1, M4.1 is dimensioned to supply the minimum power necessary for the propulsion and the lift of the aircraft 1 in the event of failure of the second engine M1.2, M2 .2, M3.2, M4.2, and vice versa.
- half of the power required by the propeller H1, H2, H3, H4 is supplied by the first motor M1.1, M2.1, M3.1, M4.1, the other half being supplied by the second motor M1.2, M2.2, M3.2, M4.2 in order to minimize the wear of the electrical and mechanical components of said first and second motors M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2. 2, M3.1, M3.2, M4.1, M4.2.
- the propulsion system also comprises a turbogenerator TG connected to a first electrical power distributor D10 supplying the first motors M1.1, M2.1, M3.1, M4.1, and to a second electrical power distributor D20 supplying the second motors M1.2, M2.2, M3.2, M4.2.
- a first battery BATI is also connected to the first distributor D10 and is sized to supplement the power supplied by the TG turbogenerator and compensate for a failure of the latter.
- a second battery BAT2 is connected to the second distributor D20 and is sized to supplement the power supplied by the turbogenerator TG and compensate for a failure of the latter.
- the first motors M1.1, M2.1, M3.1, M4.1 and the second motors M1.2, M2.2, M3.2, M4.2 operate in synergy two by two to rotate the helices H1, H2, H3, H4.
- the first and second distributors DIO, D20 operate in synergy to supply the first motors M1.1, M2.1, M3.1, M4.1 and the second motors M1. 2, M2.2, M3.2, M4.2.
- the TG turbogenerator and the first BATI battery work in synergy to power the first D10 distributor.
- the turbogenerator TG and the second battery BAT2 work in synergy to supply the second distributor D20.
- the engine remaining active is then requested at a power level well above its nominal power in order to compensate for the loss of the other engine (the request of the first and second distributors D10, D20, of the turbogenerator TG and of the first and second batteries BATI, BAT2 is modified to a lesser extent);
- one solution consists of the turbogenerator TG compensating for the failure of the battery BATI, BAT2 so as to supply all of the electrical power necessary for the first and second motors M1 .l, M2.1, M3.1, M4.1, Ml.2, M2.2, M3.2, M4.2 to satisfy the safety minima of the aircraft 1 (the solicitation of the first and second distributors DIO, D20 then remain balanced and the turbogenerator TG is solicited at a power level significantly higher than its normal power of operation), another solution consists in unbalancing the solicitation of the first and second distributors DIO, D20 in order to distribute the power required on the turbogenerator TG and on one of the first and second batteries BATI, BAT2;
- the turbogenerator TG breaks down: the first and second batteries BATI, BAT2 must then supply all of the electrical power necessary for the first and second motors M1.1, M2.1, M3.1, M4.1, M1. 2, M2.2, M3.2, M4.2 to satisfy the safety minima of the aircraft 1, which requests them at a power level generally close to their maximum operating power;
- the first distributor D10 or the second distributor D20 breaks down (for example due to a short circuit or the breakage of an electric cable): all of the motors M1.1, M1.2, M2. 1, M2.2, M3.1, M3.2, M4.1, M4.2 powered by the DIO timing chain, remaining D20 will then operate at a power level well above their rated power, just like the turbogenerator TG and the corresponding BATI, BAT2 battery.
- FIG. 2 schematically represents the architecture of the propulsion system of the aircraft 1. For greater clarity, only the propellers H1, H2 are represented.
- the turbogenerator TG delivers electrical power We10 to the first distributor D10 and electrical power We20 to the second distributor D20.
- the first BATI battery delivers power electric Well to the first distributor DIO and the second battery BAT2 delivers electric power We21 to the second distributor D20.
- the first distributor D10 in turn delivers an electric power Wel.l to the first motor Ml.1 of the propeller H1 and an electric power We2.1 to the first motor M2.1 of the propeller H2.
- the second distributor D20 delivers an electrical power Wel.2 to the second motor M1.2 of the propeller H1 and an electrical power We2.2 to the second motor M2.2 of the propeller H2.
- the first motor M1.1 and the second motor M1.2 respectively deliver a mechanical power Wml.1 and a mechanical power Wml.2 both serving to drive the propeller H1 in rotation.
- the first motor M2.1 and the second motor M2.2 respectively deliver a mechanical power Wm2.1 and a mechanical power Wm2.2 both serving to drive the propeller H2 in rotation.
- the mechanical power required to drive the propellers H1, H2 in rotation is distributed equitably over the corresponding first motor M1.1, M2.1 and second motor M1.2, M2.2.
- the propeller H1, the first motor M1.1, the second motor M1.2, the first and second distributors D10, D20, the first and second batteries BATI, BAT2 and the turbogenerator TG each form a member of a first propulsion chain of the aircraft 1. It is understood that these “units” or “power units” have a direct role in the production and exploitation of the power necessary for the flight of the aircraft 1.
- the propeller H2 , the first engine M2.1, the second engine M2.2, the first and second distributors D10, D20, the first and second batteries BATI, BAT2 and the turbogenerator TG each form a member of a second propulsion chain of the aircraft 1.
- the first and second distributors DIO, D20, the first and second batteries BATI, BAT2 and the turbogenerator TG are organs common to the first and second propulsion chains of the aircraft 1.
- the aircraft 1 is further equipped with a control device comprising a computer CAL configured to act:
- the computer CAL thus makes it possible to act on each of the components of the first and second propulsion chains of the aircraft 1 so as, in particular in the event of failure of one of the components, to put the component, which operates in synergy with the faulty component, at a maximum power regime and to adjust the power supplied by the other components so as to satisfy the safety minima of the aircraft 1.
- the computer CAL is also configured to acquire measurements of various operating parameters for each of the members of the first and second propulsion chains.
- the CAL computer can acquire: - mechanical and thermal measurements MMI.I, MMI.2, MM2.I, MM2.2 for each of the first and second motors Ml.l, Ml.2, M2.1, M2.2 among which the effective rotation speed , the torque transmitted and the operating temperature (taken for example at the windings or power transistors of the first and second motors M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2);
- the computer CAL is further configured to implement a method for verifying the maximum available power of the components of the propulsion system of the aircraft 1, the verification method comprising the following steps (FIG. 3): • for each of the first motors M1.1, M2.1: set, via the command C1.1, C2.1, the first motor M1.1, M2.1 to a speed substantially equal to a maximum power speed PM making it possible to satisfy the safety minima of the aircraft 1 (step 10), of preferably under a low electrical voltage so as to precipitate the latent failures that the first motor M1.1, M2.1 could present by strongly stressing the electrical components constituting said first motor M1.1, M2.1; adjust, via the command C1.2, C2.2, the power Wml.2, Wm2.2 supplied by the second motor M1.2, M2.2 operating in synergy with the first motor M1.1, M2.1 so that the first engine M1.1, M2.1 and the second engine M1.2, M2.2 continue to supply the power necessary for the aircraft 1 during the flight phase (step 20); determining the power Wml.1, W
- the first battery BATI put, via the command CIO, the first battery BATI at a rate substantially equal to a maximum power rate PM making it possible to satisfy the safety minima of the aircraft 1 (step 10); adjust, via the command Cl, the power WelO supplied by the turbogenerator TG so that the first battery BATI and the turbogenerator TG continue to supply the power necessary for the aircraft 1 during the flight phase (step 20); determining the power Well supplied by the first battery BATI set to the maximum power regime PM (step 30); and deducing from the Well power information relating to the maximum power available from the first battery BATI (step 50);
- turbogenerator TG set, via the command C1, the turbogenerator TG to a speed substantially equal to a maximum power speed PM making it possible to satisfy the safety minima of the aircraft 1 (step 10); adjust, via the CIO command, the Well power supplied by the first battery BATI (or, via the C20 command, the We21 power supplied by the second battery BAT2) so that the turbogenerator TG and the first battery BATI (or the second battery BAT2) continue to supply the power necessary for the aircraft 1 during the flight phase (step 20); determining the power We10 (or the power We20) supplied by the turbogenerator TG set to the maximum power regime PM (step 30); deducing from the power We10 (or from the power We20) information relating to the maximum available power of the turbogenerator TG (step 50);
- the computer CAL is configured to control at the user interface to inform the pilot or the operator that the temperature of the engine M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2 set to the maximum power regime PM does not exceed the threshold temperature T s , it is - That is to say that there is no overheating of said motor M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2 when the latter is at a maximum rotational speed corresponding to the maximum power regime PM.
- the computer CAL is configured to command the user interface to inform the pilot or the operator that the engine Ml.l, Ml.2, M2.1, M2.2 set to the maximum power regime PM overheats and that it is necessary to program a maintenance action on said engine M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2.
- the computer CAL can also be configured to compare the rotational speed V measured on the engine M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2 set to the maximum power regime PM with a threshold rotational speed V s recorded in the memory of the control device, so as to ensure that the measured speed of rotation V is greater than or equal to the threshold speed of rotation V s (step 60).
- the computer CAL is configured for command the user interface to inform the pilot or the operator that the engine M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2 set to the maximum power regime PM can reach the threshold speed of rotation V s when the latter is at the maximum temperature corresponding to the maximum power regime PM.
- the computer CAL is configured to command the user interface to inform the pilot or the operator that the rotational speed of the engine Ml.l, Ml.2, M2.1, M2.2 set to the speed of maximum power PM is limited by the maximum temperature corresponding to the maximum power regime PM and that it is necessary to schedule a maintenance action on said engine M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2.
- the computer CAL can also be configured to compare the temperature Tg measured on the turbogenerator TG set to the maximum power regime PM with a predetermined threshold temperature Tg s recorded in the memory of the control device, so as to ensure that the temperature Tg measured is lower than the threshold temperature Tg s (step 60).
- the computer CAL is configured to command the user interface to inform the pilot or the operator that the temperature of the turbogenerator TG set to the maximum power regime PM does not exceed the threshold temperature Tg s , that is to say that there is no overheating of said turbogenerator TG when the turbine of the latter is at the speed of maximum rotation corresponding to the maximum power regime PM.
- the computer CAL is configured to command the user interface to inform the pilot or the operator that the temperature of the turbogenerator TG set to the maximum power regime PM is overheating and that it is necessary to program a maintenance action on said turbogenerator TG.
- the power supplied by the member set to the maximum power regime PM is less than or equal to the threshold power Ps;
- a parameter of the component set to the maximum take-off power regime PMD is lower or higher than a predetermined threshold (for example, the speed of rotation of one of the motors M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2 is lower than the threshold speed of rotation V s , the temperature of one of the engines Ml.l, Ml.2, M2.1, M2.2 is higher than the temperature T s , the temperature of the turbogenerator is greater than the threshold temperature Tg s ...);
- the verification method is carried out during each flight for each of the components of the propulsion system.
- the maximum power that each of the components of the propulsion system can provide is preferably checked on each flight.
- the verification method is preferably carried out during a flight phase during which the effect of a failure of one of the components would be minimal, for example during a cruising phase, close to a diversion surface.
- the verification method makes it possible to ensure that all the members of the propulsion system can deliver the maximum power at each speed, in particular at the speeds corresponding to particularly high powers such as at takeoff (PMD speed) or at the OEI speed.
- the fact of using the maximum power regime PM to check the maximum power available from each of the components is particularly advantageous insofar as at this regime, the level of power supplied by the component does not risk being significantly damage if there is no latent failure.
- the operating parameters of the different organs harvested during the verification process can also be stored in the memory of the control device with a view to being analyzed on the ground so as to determine whether or not the organs can continue to be used.
- the results of these analyzes make it possible, for example, to better guarantee the maximum power availability of each of the components at each speed for the next flights.
- the verification process also has the advantage of being able to be carried out on any type of flight (commercial or technical) and of not disturbing the latter, whether in terms of speed, altitude, etc.
- the parameters measured are for example the speed of rotation of the motors M1.1, M1.2 , M2.1, M2.2, the electric current flowing in the windings of said motors Ml.l, Ml.2, M2.1, M2.2, the electric current delivered by the batteries BATI, BAT2 or by the turbogenerator TG) , the measurement period having to be long enough (several seconds, even tens of seconds) to allow to have an estimate of the average power consumed and to reject brief transient variations;
- the groups of organs can for example be the engines Ml.l, Ml.2, M2.1, M2.2 of the same propeller Hl, H2, the battery and the turbogenerator supplying the same propulsion chain...);
- the verification method can also comprise an additional step of collecting data from the components of the propulsion system and of enriching a model allowing a predictive analysis of maintenance action needs for each of said components of the propulsion system.
- This analysis can for example be carried out by following the level and the trend of the parameters measured over time. The maintenance personnel will thus be able to be informed of an upcoming maintenance operation on one or more of the members, in particular when the level of one of the parameters deteriorates more rapidly than the others, while remaining within an acceptable range.
- the architecture of the propulsion system of the aircraft can comprise both electric motors and heat engines which can correspond to various fuels (kerosene, dihydrogen, etc.).
- one or more of the engines M1.1, M1.2, M2.1, M2.2 of the aircraft 1 can for example be replaced by heat engines.
- the architecture of the propulsion system of the aircraft can include both batteries and fuel cells or other sources of electrical energy.
- the turbogenerator and/or one of the batteries can for example be replaced by a fuel cell.
- the method applies to any architecture combining different sources of energy, distribution and power transformation.
- VTOL Vertical Take-Off and Landing aircraft
- STOL Short Take-Off and Landing aircraft
- conventional aircraft any type of aircraft: VTOL (“Vertical Take-Off and Landing aircraft”), STOL (“Short Take-Off and Landing aircraft”), or conventional aircraft...
- the organs of the propulsion system can be tested individually or in groups.
- the maximum power regime PM may, for example, correspond to the maximum power regime at take-off.
- the aircraft can be fixed or rotary wing, manned or unmanned, vertical take-off, short or long...
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
- Safety Devices In Control Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2113077A FR3129923B1 (fr) | 2021-12-07 | 2021-12-07 | Procédé de vérification de la puissance maximale disponible de différents organes d’une chaîne propulsive d’un aéronef. |
| PCT/EP2022/084556 WO2023104777A1 (fr) | 2021-12-07 | 2022-12-06 | Procede de verification de la puissance maximale disponible de differents organes d' une chaine propulsive d' un aeronef |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4444620A1 true EP4444620A1 (fr) | 2024-10-16 |
Family
ID=80736143
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22817289.6A Pending EP4444620A1 (fr) | 2021-12-07 | 2022-12-06 | Procede de verification de la puissance maximale disponible de differents organes d' une chaine propulsive d' un aeronef |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250033785A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4444620A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118401437A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3129923B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023104777A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20240425188A1 (en) * | 2023-06-26 | 2024-12-26 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Testing secondary power system of aircraft powerplant |
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| FR3128198A1 (fr) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-21 | Zipair | Procédé de pilotage d’un groupe de poussée pour dispositif de propulsion |
| GB2613787A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-06-21 | Rolls Royce Plc | Aircraft power and propulsion system |
| FR3130757B1 (fr) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-12-22 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Procédé de régulation de la vitesse de rotation d’un propulseur d’un groupe propulsif hybride pour aéronef, en situation de panne du système de régulation principal du moteur thermique du groupe propulsif hybride |
| US12384550B2 (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2025-08-12 | Electra Aero, Inc. | System and method for controlling flight path of a blown lift aircraft |
| KR20230121010A (ko) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-08-17 | 팅크웨어(주) | 하이브리드 분산 추진 시스템이 적용된 비행체 및 그 제어 방법 |
| US20230257128A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Propulsion System and Method for Operating the Same |
-
2021
- 2021-12-07 FR FR2113077A patent/FR3129923B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-12-06 EP EP22817289.6A patent/EP4444620A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-12-06 US US18/716,774 patent/US20250033785A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-06 WO PCT/EP2022/084556 patent/WO2023104777A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-12-06 CN CN202280080807.3A patent/CN118401437A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3129923B1 (fr) | 2026-03-06 |
| WO2023104777A1 (fr) | 2023-06-15 |
| CN118401437A (zh) | 2024-07-26 |
| FR3129923A1 (fr) | 2023-06-09 |
| US20250033785A1 (en) | 2025-01-30 |
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