EP4440768A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücksInfo
- Publication number
- EP4440768A1 EP4440768A1 EP22818748.0A EP22818748A EP4440768A1 EP 4440768 A1 EP4440768 A1 EP 4440768A1 EP 22818748 A EP22818748 A EP 22818748A EP 4440768 A1 EP4440768 A1 EP 4440768A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser beam
- workpiece
- zone
- laser
- phase delay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
- B23K26/0613—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams having a common axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
- B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1 ns or less
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/066—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms by using masks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/067—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing
- B23K26/0676—Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multi-focusing into dependently operating sub-beams, e.g. an array of spots with fixed spatial relationship or for performing simultaneously identical operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
- B23K26/704—Beam dispersers, e.g. beam wells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/50—Inorganic materials other than metals or composite materials
- B23K2103/54—Glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device and a method for machining a workpiece.
- the laser beam is preferably introduced into the material with vertical incidence, since reflection losses on the surface of the material are then minimized.
- the laser radiation can then be used to introduce material modifications into the workpiece, it being possible for the workpiece to be separated by subsequent exposure to a thermal gradient along the material modifications.
- Such a separating method accordingly has two steps between which the workpiece must either be transferred or between which the device for processing the workpiece must be reconfigured. This can be done, for example, by replacing the optical elements and the laser system or individual components, for example by changing the components in a component turret or a slide-in cassette. This means a lot of time and money.
- Another important area of application is the machining of workpieces at an angle of attack, for example for chamfering a workpiece edge, or the creation of chamfer and/or bevel structures with angles of attack of more than 30°. This is still an unsolved problem, especially because the high angle of attack at the edge of the material lead to a strong aberration of the laser beam and thus no targeted energy deposition into the material can take place.
- a device for processing a workpiece using a laser beam from a laser comprising a delay plate and a focusing device, the delay plate being set up to impress a first, location-dependent phase delay on the laser beam with a first input polarization and a second on the laser beam with a second input polarization impose a location-dependent phase delay, wherein the focusing device is set up to focus the laser beam in at least one focus zone, the beam shape of the laser beam in the focus zone being determined by the location-dependent phase delay, and at least one focus zone at least partially overlaps with the workpiece and the workpiece with the Laser radiation in which at least one focus zone is applied and is thereby processed.
- the beam shape can be switched by selecting the input polarization. Efficient switching between two different beam shapes can thus be achieved by switching the input polarization. In particular, it is possible to switch between the individual beam shapes without exchanging optical components.
- a laser can be a continuous wave laser or a pulsed laser, in particular an ultra-short pulse laser. The laser light or the laser pulses move in the beam propagation direction along the raw laser beam formed by the laser.
- the raw laser beam has a transverse intensity distribution that is predetermined and specific to the laser.
- a transversal intensity distribution is to be understood as meaning an intensity distribution which lies in a plane oriented perpendicular to the beam propagation direction.
- a raw laser beam can be understood as a laser beam composed of a large number of partial laser beams.
- the laser can be an ultra-short pulse laser that provides ultra-short laser pulses.
- ultra-short can mean that the pulse length is between 500 picoseconds and 10 femtoseconds, for example, and in particular between 10 picoseconds and 100 femtoseconds.
- the ultra-short laser pulses move in the beam propagation direction along the laser beam formed by them.
- the laser beam falls on a delay plate.
- the retardation plate is set up to impress a phase delay on the laser beam as a function of the point of impact when it passes through the retardation plate.
- the retardation plate can have a location-dependent birefringence structure.
- a retardation plate modulates the phase of the incident laser beam.
- Each component of the optical field (Ex, Ey) can experience a different delay, which generally leads to a change in polarization. Examples of this are lambda/2 or lambda/4 retarder plates.
- Waveplates with a spatially dependent birefringence structure are described, for example, in J. Kim et al. "Fabrication of ideal geometric-phase holograms with arbitrary wavefronts” Optica Vol. 2, 958 (2015).
- Optical path length differences are realized by birefringent elements in which the degree of birefringence is a function of location.
- the optical path length difference induced in this way and the difference in the phase of the field components is also called the geometric phase effect (see the reference mentioned above).
- a birefringent structure is introduced into a carrier material to produce a delay plate, for example by inscribing a nanogrid, which is introduced with the aid of ultra-short laser pulses.
- the birefringent structure allows a polarization-dependent phase modulation to be carried out, with the degree of modulation being able to be influenced in particular via the shape of the birefringent structure (strength and alignment of the nanolattices).
- Birefringence is the ability of an optical material to separate the incident laser beam into two partial laser beams that are polarized perpendicularly to one another. This occurs due to different refractive indices of the optical material depending on the polarization and the angle of incidence of the light relative to the optical axis of the optical material.
- partial laser beams polarized perpendicularly to one another are understood to mean linearly polarized partial laser beams whose directions of polarization are at an angle of 90° to one another.
- partial laser beams polarized perpendicularly to one another are also understood to mean circularly polarized partial laser beams with opposite directions of rotation, i.e. partial laser beams circularly polarized to the left or right.
- the laser beam When the laser beam hits the retardation plate, the laser beam is locally projected onto the local optical axis of the retardation plate.
- the laser beam is split into two partial laser beams whose polarization is parallel or perpendicular to the local optical axis.
- the refractive index of the material is specified using the so-called index ellipsoids, the main axes of which are the so-called basic polarization components.
- the retardation plate can locally have a larger refractive index for perpendicularly polarized laser beams than for laser beams polarized parallel to the optical axis. Due to the different refractive indices (and the associated reduced speed of light c/n), the partial laser beams exhibit a phase delay when exiting the retardation plate. A phase front of the laser beam can thus be formed via a locally adjusted optical axis of the delay plate.
- the beam shape of the laser beam can be determined here by the phase front of the laser beam.
- diffracting and non-diffracting beams, or beam shapes can be generated by a corresponding phase front, as shown below.
- the retardation plate can be set up in such a way that a first input polarization of the laser beam is impressed with a first location-dependent phase delay, while a second input polarization of the laser beam is impressed with a second location-dependent phase delay.
- the first and second input polarizations can be aligned perpendicular to each other. Accordingly, for example, the laser beam with the first input polarization can be projected onto the local optical axis dominantly onto the first basic polarization component, while the second input polarization can be projected onto the local optical axis dominantly onto the second basic polarization component. Accordingly, the phase shift varies locally and is therefore dependent on the input polarization, in particular dependent on the two different input polarizations.
- a first location-dependent phase retardation can be generated with a first input polarization of the laser beam and a second location-dependent phase retardation can be generated with a second input polarization of the laser beam.
- a first and second phase front can thus also be generated with a first and second input polarization.
- the retardation plate can provide the location-dependent phase delay through the local polarization projection of the input polarization of the laser beam onto the location-dependent birefringence structure of the retardation plate.
- the focusing device can convert the location-dependent phase delay into at least one focus zone.
- the focus zone of the laser beam is understood to mean that part of the intensity distribution of the laser beam that is greater than the modification threshold of the workpiece.
- the term focus zone makes it clear that this part of the intensity distribution is provided in a targeted manner and that an intensity increase in the form of the intensity distribution is achieved by focusing.
- a focusing device can be a telescope, for example, or a lens or a lens system.
- a telescope is an optical structure that enables the laser beam to be imaged and makes it available in or on the workpiece.
- such a telescope can have an enlarging and/or reducing effect.
- part of the optical functionality of the telescope can be integrated into the retardation plate.
- the retardation plate can have an additional location-dependent phase delay in addition to a first location-dependent phase delay, the additional location-dependent phase delay corresponding to the phase delay that a lens imposes on a laser beam as it passes through the lens.
- the retardation plate can thus combine a lens effect with a location-dependent phase delay.
- a telescope can thus also be constructed with a retardation plate and a lens.
- An enlargement and/or a reduction in size of the laser beam or its transverse intensity distribution allows the laser energy to be reduced to a large or small extent Distribute focus zone.
- the intensity is adjusted by distributing the laser energy over a large or small area, so that it is possible to choose between modification types I, II, and III, in particular by increasing and/or reducing the laser intensity, as shown below.
- the intensity in the focus volume can lead to non-linear absorption by, for example, multiphoton absorption and/or electron avalanche ionization processes.
- This non-linear absorption leads to the generation of an electron-ion plasma, which can induce permanent structural changes in the material of the workpiece when it cools down.
- Type I is an isotropic refractive index change
- Type II is a birefringent refractive index change
- type III is a so-called void or hollow space, which is produced by so-called micro-explosions.
- the material modification produced depends on laser parameters such as the pulse duration, the wavelength, the pulse energy and the repetition frequency of the laser, on the material properties such as the electronic structure and the thermal expansion coefficient, as well as on the numerical aperture (NA) of the focussing.
- NA numerical aperture
- the type I isotropic refractive index changes are attributed to local melting caused by the laser pulses and rapid resolidification of the transparent workpiece.
- the density and refractive index of the workpiece is higher when the fused silica is rapidly cooled down from a higher temperature. So if the workpiece melts in the focus volume and then cools down quickly, the quartz glass has a higher refractive index in the areas of material modification than in the unmodified areas.
- the type II birefringent refractive index changes can arise, for example, as a result of interference between the ultrashort laser pulse and the electric field of the plasma generated by the laser pulses. This interference leads to periodic modulations in the electron plasma density, which leads to a birefringent property, i.e. direction-dependent refractive indices, of the transparent material when it solidifies.
- a type II modification is also associated, for example, with the formation of so-called nanogratings or nanolattices.
- the voids (cavities) of the Type 111 modifications can be generated with a high laser pulse energy, for example. The formation of the voids is attributed to an explosive expansion of highly excited, vaporized material from the focus volume into the surrounding material.
- micro-explosion This process is also known as a micro-explosion. Because this expansion occurs within the bulk of the material, the microblast leaves behind a less dense or hollow core (the void), or submicron or atomic-scale defect, surrounded by a densified shell of material. Due to the compression at the impact front of the microexplosion, stresses arise in the workpiece, which can lead to spontaneous cracking or can promote cracking.
- voids can also be associated with type I and type II modifications.
- Type I and Type II modifications can arise in the less stressed areas around the introduced laser pulses. Therefore, if a type III modification is introduced, then in any case a less dense or hollow core or a defect is present.
- a type III modification of sapphire the microexplosion does not create a cavity, but rather an area of lower density. Due to the material stresses that occur in a type III modification, such a modification is often accompanied by cracking or at least encourages it.
- the formation of type I and type II modifications cannot be completely prevented or avoided when introducing type III modifications. Finding "pure" Type III modifications is therefore not likely.
- the device can have a feed device which is set up to move the workpiece and the laser field relative to one another with a feed along a trajectory, as explained in more detail below.
- the material modifications are introduced into the workpiece along a trajectory.
- the trajectory describes the line of impact of the laser field on the surface of the workpiece.
- An advantage of the device according to the invention is that there is a simple possibility of switching between two beam forms for two successive method steps for machining a workpiece, so that the successive method steps can be executed accordingly with different beam shapes.
- the first spatial phase delay can be conical and lenticular and/or the second spatial phase delay can be constant.
- a constant, location-dependent phase delay has the same value at every point in the laser beam.
- the laser beam is homogeneously delayed as it passes through the delay plate.
- a constant phase retardation of a Gaussian laser beam means that the phase front of the laser beam remains unchanged when the laser beam passes through the retardation plate. As a result, the laser beam is still a Gaussian laser beam even after the delay plate.
- a is the cone constant
- b is the lens constant
- r is the distance to the beam center of the laser beam.
- the conical portion of the phase retardation is set linearly with the distance r and the lenticular portion of the phase retardation is set squarely with the distance r. This simultaneously provides a conical phase retardation and a lens effect through the retardation plate.
- the phase delay increases or decreases with increasing distance from the center of the beam.
- the cone constant a can be used to determine the opening angle of the cone that occurs if the laser beam were to fall through an axicon.
- a phase delay can be generated by the term br 2 which corresponds to the phase delay when passing through a lens.
- a lens function can thus be realized together with a location-dependent phase delay as described above.
- the Gaussian laser beam can be focused with a single downstream lens of the focusing device.
- the laser beam with the conical and lenticular phase retardation can still exhibit the conical phase retardation after passing through the focusing device, so that a non-diffractive laser beam is produced.
- the laser beam with the constant phase delay can have a Gaussian beam shape in the focal zone and/or the laser beam with the conical and lens-like phase delay can have a quasi-non-diffracting beam shape in the focal zone.
- quasi-non-diffracting and non-diffracting rays reference is made to the book "Structured Light Fields: Applications in Optical Trapping, Manipulation and Organization", M. Wördemann, Springer Science & Business Media (2012), ISBN 978-3 -642-29322-1 referenced. This is expressly and fully referred to.
- non-diffracting laser beams have the advantage that they can have a focal zone that is elongated in the direction of beam propagation and that is significantly larger than the transverse dimensions of the focal zone.
- a material removal or material modification that is elongated in the beam propagation direction can be produced in this way in order to ensure, for example, a simple separation of a workpiece.
- non-diffracting beams can be used to generate elliptical non-diffracting beams that have a non-radially symmetrical transverse focal zone.
- elliptical quasi-non-diffracting rays have a main maximum that coincides with the center of the ray. The center of the ray is given by the place where the main axes of the ellipse intersect.
- elliptical, quasi non-diffracting beams can result from the superimposition of a plurality of intensity maxima, in which case only the envelope of the intensity maxima involved is elliptical. In particular, the individual intensity maxima do not have to have an elliptical intensity profile.
- a non-diffracting beam can be generated from a plane wave field or from parallel partial laser beams if all partial laser beams are refracted at the same angle ⁇ to the optical axis of the laser beam.
- the partial laser beams close to the axis overlap shortly after the processing laser beam shaping optics on the optical axis and thus form an increased laser intensity, while off-axis rays overlap later after the processing laser beam shaping optics and form an increased laser beam intensity.
- a substantially constant laser intensity can thus be generated over a longitudinal length parallel to the beam propagation direction.
- a laser beam in which all partial laser beams are refracted at the same angle ß to the optical axis is called an ideal non-diffracting reference beam.
- the location dependent birefringence structure can be a nanolattice.
- a nanolattice can mean that a local optical axis can be set at all lattice points of the lattice. A certain regularity in particular is inherent in the lattice. For example, if a nanolattice has 10 ⁇ 10 lattice points, then the optical axis of the birefringent structure can be adjusted at each of the 100 lattice points. The more Grid points are used, the more precisely the location-dependent phase delay can be set and the more precisely a phase front of the laser beam can be set.
- the nanolattice can preferably be provided in a transparent carrier material as a type 2 modification, with the carrier material particularly preferably being quartz glass.
- the strength (refractive index difference) and orientation (major axes of the index ellipsoid) of these nanolattices are determined by the laser parameters of the ultrashort pulse writing laser.
- the nanolattice can be configured locally via the polarization, the pulse energy and the pulse spacing.
- a polarizer element can be set up to set the polarization of the laser beam, with the polarizer element being arranged in front of the focus zone, preferably in front of the focusing device, particularly preferably in front of the delay plate.
- a polarizer element can be a polarizer, for example, such as a thin-film polarizer.
- a specific polarization direction can be filtered out of the laser beam by a polarizer.
- the input polarization can be set accordingly by the polarizer element, thus enabling switching between different beam shapes.
- a circularly polarized laser beam can be directed onto the retardation plate.
- the circularly polarized laser beam is composed of an s-polarized component and a p-polarized component, both components being phase-shifted with respect to one another.
- the retardation plate imposes a first position-dependent phase delay on the s-polarized component, and the retardation plate imposes a second position-dependent phase delay on the p-polarized component. Both polarization components with the different location-dependent phase delays are superimposed after the delay plate.
- the polarizer is arranged in front of the focal zone, then a polarization component of the laser beam with the superimposed phase delays can be introduced into the material. If the polarizer is arranged after the retardation plate and before the focusing device, then only one polarization component of the laser beam with the superimposed phase delays can be introduced into the material.
- a linear polarization component of the circularly polarized laser beam can be selected with it. If the Polarizer adjusted so that the input polarization of the laser beam corresponds to a first polarization determined by the retardation plate, then only the first location-dependent phase retardation is generated by the retardation plate. If the polarization of the laser beam corresponds to a second polarization determined by the retardation plate, then only the second location-dependent phase retardation is generated by the retardation plate.
- the polarizer can also be adjusted in such a way that a first part of an s-polarization and a second part of a p-polarization is transmitted through the polarizer.
- the proportions of the first and second location-dependent phase delay can thus also be determined via the proportions of the polarizations.
- the intensity of the different beam shapes in the focal zone or zones can be determined by the selection of the input polarization. In other words, by adjusting the input polarization of the laser beam, the relative power of the different beam parts can be adjusted.
- a polarizer element can also comprise a wave plate, with which the conversion of linearly polarized partial laser beams with polarization directions aligned perpendicularly to one another into circularly polarized partial laser beams with opposite senses of rotation can be carried out.
- the device can have an ⁇ /4 plate which is set up to convert a circular polarization of the incident laser beam into a linear polarization or a linear polarization into a circular polarization, the ⁇ /4 plate being arranged in front of the retardation plate in the beam propagation direction can be.
- using an A/4 plate allows flexibility in the design of the device.
- a polarization dependency of the material processing can also be taken into account here, so that the workpiece can be processed with particularly high quality.
- the polarizer element comprises a rotatable ⁇ /4 plate and/or an ⁇ /2 plate and/or a Pockels cell.
- the polarization setting can be varied and/or set during the processing process by the rotation, so that a constant and rapid change in the input polarization is made possible.
- a Pockels cell rotates the polarization of the passing laser beam in proportion to a applied voltage, so that in principle a switching of the polarization states is made possible.
- a beam-shaping element can be set up to carry out beam shaping and/or beam multiplication.
- the beam-shaping element can be arranged behind the delay plate in the direction of beam propagation.
- the beam-shaping element can be a diffractive optical element (DOE), for example.
- DOE diffractive optical element
- a diffractive optical element is set up to influence the incident laser beam in one or more properties in two spatial dimensions.
- a diffractive optical element is a fixed component that can be used to generate an intensity distribution of the laser beam.
- a diffractive optical element can also be suitable for splitting an incident laser beam into several partial laser beams.
- a diffractive optical element is typically a specially shaped diffraction grating, the diffraction bringing the incident laser beam into the desired beam shape or converting it into the desired intensity distribution.
- the number of partial laser beams can be defined via the diffractive optical element.
- the diffractive optical element can be used to determine whether the split partial laser beams lie on a one-dimensional line or on a two-dimensional grid.
- the splitting can be effected independently of the polarization of the laser beam.
- the polarization of the laser beam is retained as it passes through the diffractive optical element.
- the beam-shaping element can in particular be an etched microstructure, with the beam-shaping element preferably consisting of or comprising fused silica.
- the beam-shaping element can have at least two zones, wherein the first zone can be set up to carry out a first beam multiplication and/or beam shaping and thus provide a first beam part, and the second zone can be set up to carry out a second beam multiplication and/or beam shaping and thus to provide a second beam portion.
- a first zone and a second zone are spatial sections of the beam-shaping element that are separate from one another.
- the top half and the bottom half of the beam-shaping element can form the first and second zones.
- the laser beam that falls on the first zone can, for example, be multiplied by the diffractive optical element, while a laser beam that falls on the second zone is only transmitted. But it can also be that the two zones bring about a different multiplication.
- the first zone of the beam-shaping element can be a central zone and the second zone can be a neutral outer zone.
- the beam-shaping element can be divided into radial segments.
- a radial segment is a round section or an annular section with the center point of the section coinciding with the center of the beam-shaping element.
- a first round section can be generated around the center of the beam-shaping element, for example with a first radius.
- a second annular section can be created around the center, the outer radius of which is a second radius and the inner radius of which is the first radius.
- the diffractive optical element in the second zone cannot be etched, but can be neutral, so that it merely transmits the laser beam that strikes it.
- a beam multiplication of the incident laser beam can be carried out in the first zone of the beam-shaping element, wherein the focal zones can be arranged in three spatial dimensions through the first zone of the beam-shaping element, in particular can be arranged along a dividing line.
- the first zone of the beam-shaping element can thus preferably be a 3D beam splitter.
- the laser beam strikes the first zone of the beam-shaping element
- the laser beam can be broken down into a large number of partial laser beams.
- each partial laser beam has the same phase front as the incident laser beam. Accordingly, a large number of identical focus zones can also be generated by the focusing device.
- the focal zones can be arranged in three spatial dimensions.
- the focal zones can lie in a plane that is perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. It can also be the case that the focal zones lie in a plane that is tilted at an angle with respect to the beam propagation direction. Accordingly, the focus zones have different insertion depths, or the focus zones are generated along different depths of the beam propagation direction.
- the beam is divided into three spatial dimensions by an above arrangement.
- the first zone thus acts as a so-called 3D beam splitter.
- the first zone of the beam-shaping element can receive the laser beam with a constant phase delay and, after the focusing device, provide a plurality of Gaussian focal zones arranged on a dividing line, the processing preferably consisting in the workpiece being chamfered along the dividing line.
- the multiplicity of Gaussian focal zones can be arranged in a plane in which the beam propagation direction lies and whose surface normal is the feed vector.
- the Gaussian focal zones in the plane can also be arranged along a dividing line. This parting line can be straight or curved, for example, and can be at an angle to the surface of the workpiece.
- each partial laser beam that forms the Gaussian focal zones hits the surface of the workpiece perpendicularly. In this way, in particular, reflection losses on the surface of the workpiece can be avoided.
- the use of an optical processing wedge can also be avoided.
- a parting plane can be defined on the workpiece along which the workpiece is to be chamfered.
- the parting plane is defined here by all of the parting lines that overlap with the workpiece during the feed.
- the second zone of the beam-shaping element can receive the laser beam with the conical phase delay and provide a focal zone elongated in the beam propagation direction, wherein preferably the processing consists in that the workpiece is separated along the focal zone elongated in the beam propagation direction.
- the elongated focus zone can be oriented perpendicularly to the surface of the workpiece.
- the elongated focal zone can be longer than the thickness of the workpiece in the beam propagation direction. This makes it possible to introduce material modifications into the workpiece so that the workpiece can be separated along the parting plane.
- the workpiece can be shortened or shaped by such a separation.
- a further parting plane can be defined on the workpiece along which the workpiece is to be separated.
- the further parting plane is defined here by the totality of the focus zones that are elongated during the feed with the workpiece.
- the parting line and the feed can define a first parting plane and the elongated focal zone and the feed can define a second parting plane, wherein the first parting plane and the second parting plane can intersect, whereby the workpiece is simultaneously separated along the focal zone elongated in the beam propagation direction and is chamfered along the trajectory.
- the device described and the method described can accordingly be used in a process for producing a beveled glass edge.
- a box shape with vertical walls is generated in a first pass with an elongated focal zone and after switching the beam shape in a second pass, a surface ablation with a Gaussian focal zone is then generated at the end of the generated modification, which can have a taper angle.
- a chamfered glass edge with dimensions of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m can then result, for example, with a taper angle of between 10° and 45°.
- the device can also have a feed device with which the feed is generated.
- the feed device can be an XY or an XYZ table, for example, in order to vary the point of impact of the laser pulses on the workpiece.
- the feed device can move the workpiece and/or the laser beam in such a way that the material modifications can be introduced next to one another into the material of the workpiece along the parting line. This allows the above-mentioned parting planes to be defined.
- the feed device can comprise an axis device and a workpiece holder, which are set up to move the processing optics and the workpiece along three spatial axes in a translatory manner and in a rotary manner about at least two spatial axes.
- An axis device can be a 5-axis device, for example.
- the axis device can also be a robotic arm that guides the laser beam over the workpiece or moves the workpiece relative to the laser beam.
- such an axis device also makes it possible at the same time to orient a non-radially symmetrical transverse intensity distribution of a non-diffracting laser beam relative to the feed direction, so that material modifications are produced whose preferred direction runs parallel to the feed trajectory and promotes crack formation along it.
- an axis device can also comprise fewer than 5 movable axes, as long as the workpiece holder can be moved about the corresponding number of axes. If for example, if the axis device can only be displaced in XYZ directions, then the workpiece holder can have, for example, two rotary axes in order to rotate the workpiece relative to the laser beam.
- a beam guidance device can be set up to guide the laser beam to the device, with the beam guidance device taking place via a mirror system and/or an optical fiber, preferably a hollow-core fiber.
- a so-called free beam guidance uses a mirror system to guide the laser beam of a stationary ultrashort pulse laser in different spatial dimensions to the beam shaping optics.
- a free beam guidance has the advantage that the entire optical path is accessible, so that, for example, further elements such as a polarizer and a wave plate can be installed without any problems.
- a hollow core fiber is a photonic fiber that can flexibly transmit the laser beam of the ultrashort pulse laser to the beam shaping optics.
- the hollow-core fiber eliminates the need to adjust mirror optics.
- Control electronics can be set up to trigger a laser pulse emission of the ultrashort pulse laser based on the relative positions of the laser beam and the workpiece.
- control electronics can regulate the pulse output depending on the relative position of the laser beam and the workpiece.
- the feed device can have a position-resolving encoder that measures the position of the feed device and the laser beam. Based on the location information, the pulse output of a laser pulse can be triggered in the ultra-short pulse laser via a corresponding triggering system of the control electronics.
- computer systems can also be used to implement the triggering of the pulse.
- the locations of the laser pulse emission can be specified for the respective dividing line before the material is processed, so that an optimal distribution of the material modifications along the dividing line is ensured. This ensures that the distance between the material modifications is always the same, even if the feed rate varies. In particular, this also means that a uniform parting surface can be produced and the chamfer or bevel has a high surface quality.
- the workpiece holder can have a surface that does not reflect and/or scatter the laser beam.
- the laser beam that penetrates the workpiece is not reflected back to the workpiece and carries out another material modification there.
- a method for separating a workpiece by means of a laser beam of a laser wherein the laser beam with a first input polarization is impressed by a delay plate with a first location-dependent phase delay, and the laser beam with a second input polarization is impressed by the delay plate with a second location-dependent phase delay, wherein the laser beam is focused with a focusing device in at least one focal zone, the beam shape of the laser beam in the focal zone being determined by the location-dependent phase delay, with at least one focal zone at least partially overlapping with the workpiece and the material of the workpiece with the laser radiation in the at least one focal zone is applied and thereby processed.
- the first spatially dependent phase delay can be conical and lens-like and/or the second spatially dependent phase delay can be constant and the laser beam with the constant phase delay can be imaged by the focusing device in a Gaussian focal zone and/or the laser beam with the conical phase delay can be elongated in the beam propagation direction Focus zone are mapped.
- a laser beam can be generated with a focal zone that is elongated in the beam propagation direction, with the beam propagation direction being oriented perpendicular to the material surface, and material modifications can be introduced into the workpiece by impacting the workpiece, and in a second process step, a second input polarization, at least one Gaussian focal zone is generated, which overlaps with at least one material modification, and the workpiece is severed along the elongated material modifications by the thermal exposure in the focal zone.
- the device described and the method described can accordingly be used as a self-separating process in which the workpiece is separated without the action of further mechanical forces.
- corresponding material modifications can be introduced with the laser beam and after switching the beam shape in a second pass, the cutting process is then initiated by the thermal impact along the material modifications.
- a thermal gradient is generated in the workpiece as a result of the thermal loading in the Gaussian focal zone.
- a thermal gradient can mean that the temperature is not distributed homogeneously on and/or in the workpiece. For example, there may be a thermal gradient between two surfaces of the workpiece. Then the temperature at an upper surface is higher than at a lower surface. However, it is also possible that there is a temperature distribution on a surface or in a plane of the workpiece.
- the workpiece may then be warmer at point A on the top surface than at point B on the same top surface.
- a so-called thermal gradient then arises between points A and B.
- the thermal gradient extends over the material modification, this means, for example, that different temperatures are present within the spatial extent of the material modification or the material modification region. However, it can also mean that the material modification is only within the temperature curve described by the thermal gradient. In particular, the temperature does not need to change within the spatial extent of the material modification area.
- the workpiece can thus be separated along the parting plane by the thermal impact.
- the beam-shaping element can convert the laser beam with the constant phase delay into a plurality of Gaussian focal zones, the focal zones being arranged in three spatial dimensions, in particular being arranged along a dividing line which is at an angle with the beam propagation direction, whereby the workpiece is chamfered .
- the laser beam with the conical phase delay can be translated into an elongated focal zone, thereby separating the workpiece.
- the mixed polarization laser beams simultaneously chamfer and cut the material of the workpiece, adjusting the polarization of the laser beam to adjust the relative power of the different beam parts.
- the device described and the method described can be used to remove a coating before the actual glass cutting.
- the coating is first removed locally by applying a Gaussian focal zone to the coated glass substrate and, after switching the beam shape, a separation is then initiated by introducing an elongated modification using an elongated focal zone.
- the device described and the method described can be used for joining complex components.
- the focus zones can be switched over according to the geometry of the present boundary surfaces to be joined by switching between different focus zones.
- Figure 1 A, B, C, D is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of
- Figure 2A B another schematic representation of a first
- Figure 3A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the device and the method for processing a material
- FIG. 4A, B shows a further schematic representation of a first embodiment of the device
- Figure 5A, B, C is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of the
- FIG. 6A, B, C another schematic representation of a second
- the device comprises a laser 1, a delay plate 2, a beam-shaping element 3 and a focusing device 4.
- the laser 1 provides a laser beam 10 that propagates along the z-axis.
- the laser beam 10 has a certain input polarization, which in the present case is a p-polarization.
- the electric field vector E y is thus polarized parallel to the y-axis.
- the laser beam 10 with the p-polarization falls on the retardation plate 2.
- the retardation plate 2 is set up to impress a laser beam 10 with a second polarization with a second spatially dependent phase delay (the first polarization and the first spatially dependent phase delay are described further below). The mode of operation of the delay plate 2 is explained further below.
- the second phase delay is a constant phase delay. Accordingly, only a constant phase delay is imposed on the laser beam 10 . In particular, the phase front 100 of the laser beam 10 is not affected in this case. In particular, a Gaussian laser beam 10 with the second polarization remains a Gaussian laser beam 10 after passing through the retardation plate 2.
- a delay plate 2 is shown in detail in FIG. 1B.
- the retardation plate has birefringent structures 200 which are aligned along a grid or along the grid points of a grid.
- the birefringent structures 200 are embodied here as lattice elements of a nanolattice 20 .
- the birefringent structures 200 can be written in a quartz glass, for example, as a type II modification.
- a laser beam 10 falls on the nanogrid 20
- the laser beam 10 is decelerated to different extents by the locally differently acting birefringence.
- a location-dependent phase delay can be imposed on the laser beam 10 .
- the index ellipsoid of the grid element is a sphere. Accordingly, the refractive indices along the x-axis n x and the y-axis n y are equal.
- both the x and the y polarization components of the laser beam 10 experience an equal phase shift:
- Ao is the wavelength of the laser beam 10 and d is the local thickness of the retardation plate.
- the refractive index is again a sphere, but the refractive indices along the x and y axes are smaller than those in the first case. That part of the laser beam 10 which impinges on the second section is therefore delayed less in phase than the part of the laser beam which impinges on the first section.
- the indices of refraction are different along the x and y axes. Accordingly, the polarization components of the laser beam are delayed by different amounts. For example, if a laser beam 10 is polarized in the x-axis, then the phase delay will be less than if the laser beam were y-polarized. In particular, this makes it clear how the delay plate can generate a location-dependent phase delay, namely by providing locally different index ellipsoids that delay the laser beam 10 as a function of polarization.
- a phase retardation of a lens is to be imitated:
- the phase retardation is typically produced by varying the thickness d of the optical material with a constant refractive index n.
- the thickness d of the optical material and also the refractive index linearly affect the phase delay. Accordingly, a lens effect can also be brought about if the refractive index n is changed with a constant material thickness d.
- a retardation plate 2 can act as a converging lens if the refractive index at the center of the retardation plate 2 is large and steadily decreases radially.
- the retardation plate can now have index ellipsoids whose x components have such a variation in the refractive index.
- such a retardation plate 2 would act like a lens for an x-polarized laser beam.
- the index ellipsoids in the y-component can have a constant value.
- the location-dependent phase delay for a y-polarized laser beam is then the same everywhere, so that the entire laser beam 10 is uniformly delayed, as shown in FIG. 1A.
- the laser beam 10 that emerges from the retardation plate 2 therefore has a homogeneous phase delay, or the laser beam 10 has parallel phase fronts 100 .
- the laser beam 10 then passes through a beam-shaping element 3.
- the beam-shaping element 3 has two zones 31, 32 here.
- the first zone 31 causes, for example, a beam multiplication of the incident laser beam 10.
- the first zone 31 can be formed, for example, by a diffractive optical element, so that the incident laser beam 10 can be divided into the desired number of partial laser beams.
- the diffractive optical element can be a diffractive or holographic 3D beam splitter, for example, see Flamm, Daniel, et al. "Structured light for ultrafast laser micro-and nanoprocessing" Optical Engineering 60.2 (2021): 025105. Reference is expressly made to this in its entirety.
- the partial laser beams are focused using a focusing device 4 .
- focal zones 120 are formed, the position of which is defined by the beam-shaping element or the first zone 31 of the beam-shaping element 3 .
- FIG. 1C shows a simulation of an intensity distribution that can be generated with the device from FIG. 1A.
- the cross section of a cuboid workpiece 5 is shown here as an example, which is brought into an overlap with the focal zone 120 in order to enable processing.
- a large number of Gaussian focal zones 120 can be generated by the device and in particular by the beam-shaping element 3 .
- these focus zones 120 have different insertion depths, that is to say they arise at different z-coordinates.
- the focal zones 120 are also arranged along a dividing line 124 . Material modifications (not shown) are produced along the dividing line 124 by impinging on the workpiece 5 with laser radiation. If the workpiece 5 or the laser beam 10 along the x-axis with a feed device, then there is a parting plane in which the parting lines 124 lie. The workpiece 5 can be separated along the parting plane.
- the parting plane is at an angle to the surface of the cuboid.
- such an angled parting plane can only be produced if the laser beam 10 hits the surface of the workpiece 5 at an angle, which leads to large aberration losses.
- a multiplicity of focus zones 120 can be generated via the beam-shaping element 3 , with the partial laser beams for generating the focus zones 120 each being orthogonal to the surface of the workpiece 5 . This means that there are no aberration losses and the effectiveness of the separation process is increased.
- FIG. 1D shows another possible intensity distribution that can be generated with the device in FIG. 1A.
- the dividing line 124 which is composed of the multiplicity of focal zones 120, is curved in this case. As a result, optically sophisticated chamfering of the workpiece 5 is possible.
- FIG. 2A shows the device from FIG. 1A, but with the difference that the laser beam 10 has a second input polarization.
- the laser beam 10 is now an s-polarized laser beam 10, so that the electric field vector Ex protrudes into the plane of the page.
- the laser beam 10 with the second input polarization is subjected to a second, location-dependent phase delay by the delay plate 2 designed as a beam-shaping element, which phase delay also has a lens effect, among other things.
- the index ellipsoids in the x-component can also be of different sizes. In this way, in particular, the phase front of the exiting laser beam 10 can be adjusted.
- the phase front of the laser beam is set by taking the lens effect into account in such a way that a so-called far-field ring 140 is formed in the far field. This can be accomplished in that a conical phase retardation with a lens effect is imposed on the laser beam 10 as it passes through the retardation plate.
- the beam shape can be switched by selecting the input polarization.
- such a far-field ring 140 can pass through the second zone 32 of the beam-shaping element 3 .
- the cross section of the device clearly shows that the laser beam 10 only passes through the second zone 32 of the beam-shaping element 2 unhindered.
- this second zone 32 can be a neutral zone in which the laser beam 10 is not deflected or influenced.
- the laser beam 10 is then focused by the focusing device 4 so that the laser beam 10 is converted into an elongated focus zone 122 .
- the focal zone 122 is elongated in the direction of beam propagation (ie z-direction).
- FIG. 2B shows an intensity distribution that can be generated with the device from FIG. 2A.
- FIGS. 1C and 1D only a continuous, elongated focal zone 122 is produced here.
- the length of the elongated focus zone 122 clearly exceeds the thickness of the workpiece 5 here, so that the workpiece 5 can be machined over the entire thickness.
- the cases discussed in FIGS. 1 and 2 are special cases in which the polarization of the laser beam 10 corresponds to a polarization direction specified by the retardation plate 2 .
- the polarization here coincides with a basic polarization component of the retardation plate 2 .
- the polarization of the laser beam 10 is a superposition of two basic polarizations, such as s- and p-polarizations. If both polarization components are present in the laser beam 10, then the retardation plate 2 imposes a first, location-dependent phase delay on the first polarization component and imposes a second, location-dependent phase delay on the second polarization component.
- part of the laser beam 10 propagates to the first zone 31 of the beam-shaping element 3 with a constant phase delay, while the part with the conical phase delay propagates to the second zone 32 of the beam-shaping element 3 .
- the partial laser beam that passes through the first zone 31 can be multiplied.
- a multiplicity of Gaussian focus zones 120 can thus be generated downstream of the focusing device 4 and can be arranged along a dividing line 124 .
- the partial laser beam with the conical phase delay passes, for example, unhindered through the second zone 32 of the beam-shaping element 3 and is then brought into an elongated focal zone 122 by the focusing device 4 .
- FIGS. 3B and 3C Corresponding simulations of the resulting intensity distributions are shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C.
- the Gaussian focal zones 120 are aligned along the dividing line 124, while the elongated focal zone 122 defines the dividing line 124'.
- the dividing lines 124, 124' have a common point of intersection 126.
- a three-dimensional representation of the separating lines 124, 124' is shown in FIG. 3D.
- the dividing line 124 of the Gaussian focal zones 120 lies in the xz plane.
- the feed V along the y-axis places the corresponding separating lines 124 parallel to one another in the workpiece 5 .
- the parting lines 124 define the parting plane.
- the dividing lines 124' which are generated by the elongated focal zones 124'.
- the dividing lines 124, 124' do not have to overlap in the x-z plane, as shown in FIGS. 3B, 3C, or have to have an intersection 126. It is sufficient if the parting planes intersect.
- the Gaussian focal zones 120 and the elongated focal zone 122 can therefore have different y-coordinates. This is indicated in FIG. 3D by the different placement of the separating lines 124, 124'.
- the intensities in the Gaussian focal zones 120 and the elongated focal zone 122 differ.
- this is due to the fact that the laser beam 10 in the Gaussian focal zones 120 is concentrated on a significantly smaller spatial area, while in the elongated focal zones 122 the energy of the Laser beam is distributed over a large area. Accordingly, it can be advantageous if a polarizer 6 is arranged in the beam path so that the intensity in the Gaussian focal zones 120 and the elongated focal zone 122 can be adjusted.
- FIGS. 3E to 3H Various examples of possible chamfering are shown in FIGS. 3E to 3H, which can be produced in one machining pass by the intensity distributions presented above.
- a round bevel or C-bevel is created, for example by symmetrically placing the workpiece 5 in the intensity profile of Figure 1D.
- a clipped C-bevel is produced analogously, with the front part of the C-bevel being removed by the additional elongated focus zone of the laser beam 10 .
- the associated intensity distribution is shown in FIG. 3C.
- Figure 3G there is shown a V-bevel which can be produced when the workpiece 5 is placed symmetrically in the intensity profile of Figure 1C.
- a clipped V-bevel is shown analogously in FIG.
- FIG. 3H which is produced by the front part of the V-bevel being removed by the elongated focal zone of the laser beam 10 .
- the associated intensity distribution is shown in FIG. 3B.
- the workpiece 5 does not have to be arranged symmetrically in the intensity distribution. Rather, only a one-sided bevel can be produced by an asymmetrical arrangement, as indicated in FIGS. 1C and 1D.
- the retardation plate 2 By configuring the retardation plate 2 in the manufacturing process, it is possible in particular to set the opening angle of the V bevel or the curvature of the C bevel.
- the laser beam 10 of the laser 1 is, for example, circularly polarized, ie it has s-polarized and p-polarized components in equal measure.
- a polarization component can be filtered out of the laser beam 10 by a polarization filter 6 .
- the s-component or the p-component can be weakened. If, for example, the first polarization component is weakened, the laser beam 10 with the first location-dependent phase delay is also weakened overall. Accordingly, the intensity in the Gaussian focal zones 120 would also be attenuated, while the intensity in the elongated focal zone 122 remains the same.
- FIG. 4B shows the case in which the laser 1 emits a linearly polarized laser beam 10.
- a corresponding wave plate can be used to generate elliptically polarized light from the linearly polarized light.
- the mixing of the polarization components can be adjusted by adjusting the wave plate 6 .
- the intensity of the Gaussian focal zones 120 and the elongated focal zone 122 can also be adjusted.
- the different beam shapes and focal zones can not only be used for cutting and beveling, but also for introducing material modifications and a subsequent cutting step by applying a thermal gradient.
- FIG. 5A shows how a laser beam 10 introduces material modifications 6 into the workpiece 5 .
- the material modifications 6 that the laser beam 10 generates can have a different shape that essentially corresponds to the shape of the focal zones 120 , 122 .
- elongated material modifications 6 can be produced by the elongated focal zone 122 of the laser beam 10 .
- the material modifications 6 can protrude approximately through the entire thickness of the workpiece 5, but it is also possible for material modifications 6 to be produced only on the upper surface or the lower surface of the workpiece 5.
- the elongated material modification 6 can also lie in the workpiece 5 so that no surface has contact with the material modification 6 .
- a large number of material modifications 6 can be used to perforate the workpiece 6, along which the workpiece 6 can be separated, for example.
- the separation can be realized by applying a thermal gradient, as shown below.
- the device for introducing the material modifications 6 is shown in FIG. 5B.
- a beam-shaping element 3 can be dispensed with in this embodiment.
- the material modifications 6 can be carried out here with a laser beam 10 with a second polarization, so that the retardation plate 2 generates a phase front, which here also has a conical portion and a lens-like portion.
- the laser beam 10 can then be introduced into an elongated focal zone 122 by the focusing device 4 .
- the elongated focus zone 122 lies, for example, in the volume of the workpiece 5.
- a thermal gradient can be created across the material modifications 6, as shown in Figure 5C.
- the laser beam 10 can penetrate the retardation plate 2 with a first polarization, so that a constant phase retardation is imposed on the laser beam 10 .
- the constant phase delay is eventually translated into a Gaussian focal zone 120 by the focusing device.
- the focal zone 120 can be placed a few micrometers below the surface, so that the splitting of the workpiece occurs with little damage and a smooth breaking edge is created.
- FIG. 5A it is correspondingly shown that the temperature T at the upper surface of the workpiece is higher than at the lower surface.
- the thermal expansion which is linear in terms of temperature in a first approximation, the workpiece 5 expands more on the upper surface than on the lower surface. This results in different levels of material stress in the direction of beam propagation.
- the various material stresses run through the introduced material modifications 6.
- the material stresses can preferably relax there, which leads to the formation of cracks.
- the crack formation here advantageously takes place between the different adjacent material modifications 6, so that the workpiece 5 is separated into two parts 50, 52 along the parting plane by the induced crack formation.
- FIG. 6A the separation process in the xy plane is shown.
- the material modifications 6 are introduced into the workpiece 5 along the parting line 124 .
- the material modifications 6 are round, but they can also have an elliptical cross section, for example, so that they have a long axis that is preferably tangential to the parting line, as shown in FIG. 6B. Since the material modifications 6 are placed side by side along the dividing line 124, or the workpiece 5 is perforated along the dividing line 124, the crack propagates when the thermal gradient is applied from material modification 6 to material modification 6, so that the crack largely follows the dividing line 124.
- 6C shows that the workpiece 5 can be separated into a first half 50 and a second half 52 by applying a thermal gradient.
- the breaking edge now arises along the original dividing line 124, which, with the given method, has a very high quality, in particular a low level of roughness.
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Abstract
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| PCT/EP2022/082501 WO2023099244A1 (de) | 2021-12-02 | 2022-11-18 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks |
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| US9138913B2 (en) * | 2005-09-08 | 2015-09-22 | Imra America, Inc. | Transparent material processing with an ultrashort pulse laser |
| DE102014116958B9 (de) * | 2014-11-19 | 2017-10-05 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Optisches System zur Strahlformung eines Laserstrahls, Laserbearbeitungsanlage, Verfahren zur Materialbearbeitung und Verwenden einer gemeinsamen langgezogenen Fokuszone zur Lasermaterialbearbeitung |
| LT6428B (lt) | 2015-10-02 | 2017-07-25 | Uab "Altechna R&D" | Skaidrių medžiagų lazerinis apdirbimo būdas ir įrenginys |
| US10494290B2 (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2019-12-03 | Corning Incorporated | Dual-airy-beam systems and methods for processing glass substrates |
| DE102016120244A1 (de) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-04-26 | Cl Schutzrechtsverwaltungs Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur additiven Herstellung dreidimensionaler Objekte |
| US10688599B2 (en) | 2017-02-09 | 2020-06-23 | Corning Incorporated | Apparatus and methods for laser processing transparent workpieces using phase shifted focal lines |
| LT6700B (lt) | 2018-06-22 | 2020-02-10 | Uab "Altechna R&D" | Erdviškai moduliuotų banginių plokštelių gamybos būdas |
| DE102018219465A1 (de) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-14 | Flabeg Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zum Schneiden eines Glaselements und Schneidsystem |
| LT6791B (lt) | 2019-05-15 | 2020-12-28 | Uab "Altechna R&D" | Skaidrių medžiagų apdirbimo būdas ir įrenginys |
| DE102019219462A1 (de) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-06-17 | Flabeg Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zum Schneiden eines Glaselements und Schneidsystem |
| DE102020204123A1 (de) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-09-30 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Lichtablenkungsstruktur, Verwendung eines Substrats mit einer solchen Lichtablenkungsstruktur, und Lichtablenkeinheit mit einer solchen Lichtablenkungsstruktur |
-
2021
- 2021-12-02 DE DE102021131811.4A patent/DE102021131811A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-11-18 EP EP22818748.0A patent/EP4440768A1/de active Pending
- 2022-11-18 KR KR1020247022013A patent/KR20240112936A/ko active Pending
- 2022-11-18 WO PCT/EP2022/082501 patent/WO2023099244A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-18 CN CN202280080182.0A patent/CN118369180A/zh active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-05-31 US US18/679,672 patent/US20240342827A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023099244A1 (de) | 2023-06-08 |
| DE102021131811A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 |
| KR20240112936A (ko) | 2024-07-19 |
| CN118369180A (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
| US20240342827A1 (en) | 2024-10-17 |
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