EP4433612A1 - Scores genotypiques mitochondriaux : marqueurs pronostiques dans un cancer chimiosensible - Google Patents
Scores genotypiques mitochondriaux : marqueurs pronostiques dans un cancer chimiosensibleInfo
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- EP4433612A1 EP4433612A1 EP22834683.9A EP22834683A EP4433612A1 EP 4433612 A1 EP4433612 A1 EP 4433612A1 EP 22834683 A EP22834683 A EP 22834683A EP 4433612 A1 EP4433612 A1 EP 4433612A1
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6883—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material
- C12Q1/6886—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for diseases caused by alterations of genetic material for cancer
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- C12Q2537/00—Reactions characterised by the reaction format or use of a specific feature
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- C12Q2537/165—Mathematical modelling, e.g. logarithm, ratio
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/106—Pharmacogenomics, i.e. genetic variability in individual responses to drugs and drug metabolism
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- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/118—Prognosis of disease development
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- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- MITOCHONDRIAL GENOTYPIC SCORES PROGNOSTIC MARKERS IN CHEMO-SENSITIVE CANCER
- the present invention relates to a prognostic risk score for a chemosensitive cancer, in particular acute myeloid leukemia (AML), based on somatic genetic abnormalities affecting certain genes of the mitochondrial genome.
- AML acute myeloid leukemia
- references in parentheses [ ] refer to the list of references presented at the end of the text.
- AMLs Acute myeloid leukemias
- leukemia cells stuck at an early stage of differentiation, accumulating in the bone marrow and eventually in other organs.
- Prognostic factors currently used in practice are based on age, circulating white blood cell count, the 2017 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) prognostic classification (Dohner et al., 2017) [1],
- ENN European LeukemiaNet
- the 2017 ELN classification is based on cytogenetic and/or molecular alterations and defines three statuses respectively: favorable, intermediate and unfavorable.
- Mitochondria are cellular organelles of bacterial origin present in all eukaryotic cells (except red blood cells). They play an essential role in the regulation of cellular metabolism, in the energy supply (Krebs cycle, p-oxidation of fatty acids, etc.), but also in calcium homeostasis, the generation of species reactive oxygen (ROS) and in the triggering of apoptosis phenomena. Somatic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH1, IDH2), mitochondrial enzymes present on the nuclear genome, cause deregulation of the Krebs cycle with the accumulation of a neometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate, which contributes to leukemogenesis.
- IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenases
- oxidative phosphorylation activation In AML, the level of oxidative phosphorylation activation (OXPHOS) is directly correlated with the resistance of leukemic cells (Farge et al, 2017) [4], In addition, transfers of mitochondria between stromal cells and cells leukemic cells have been described as responsible for the resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapy. In a prospective study (DRCI LAM38RC1 3-209), it was shown that a dysregulation of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the mitochondria of leukemic cells was associated with a poor prognosis (reduced survival overall) independently of the usual prognostic factors for AML (age, GB/I, ELN 2017, transplant) (Mondet et al, 2019) [5]. Thus, several tracks converge on the role of the mitochondria in the chemoresistance of AML.
- ROS reactive oxygen species
- a companion test is a diagnostic test that makes it possible to select, according to their status for a predictive marker identified by this test, only the patients in whom the treatment is likely to provide a benefit among those diagnosed for a given disease.
- Venetoclax is an inhibitor of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2, a protein located in the mitochondrial membrane. Venetoclax binds directly to the BH3 domain binding groove of BCL-2, displacing pro-apoptotic proteins containing the BH3 motif such as BIM, to initiate Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization (MOMP), caspase activation and apoptosis.
- This treatment currently has authorization to be used in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphomas and recently in the indication Acute myeloid leukemia in “unfit” patients, ie not able to tolerate standard chemotherapy.
- the response to treatment with venetoclax is related to the state of the mitochondria. But no link with mutations in the mitochondrial genome has currently been described.
- the technique used by Sanger-type sequencing has a sensitivity threshold of 20% (see material and methods of the publication, [14]) which underestimates the detection of variants in the cohort of patients (16% of variants in the COX1 and COX2 genes versus about 30-35% by a high-throughput sequencing technique taking into account a heteroplasmy threshold >2%).
- the high-throughput sequencing study did not take haplogroups into account in the selection of variants.
- the mitochondrial genome comprises 16 kB including 37 genes coding for 13 proteins involved in the respiratory chain as well as 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs.
- the inventors are the very first to have demonstrated a score based on combinations of presence and absence of mutations of certain genes of the mitochondrial genome as prognostic markers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
- AML acute myeloid leukemia
- Mitoscore a score, hereinafter referred to as Mitoscore, to predict the response to a chemotherapy treatment and the survival of patients suffering from AML.
- Mitoscore is based on mitochondrial genome sequencing technology (for example by NGS technology or other).
- the Mitoscore based in particular on molecular abnormalities of the ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5, CYTB, ATP6, ATP8, COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S genes (otherwise called MT-ND1, MT-ND2, MT-ND3, MT -ND4, MT-ND5, MT-CYB, MT-ATP6, MT-ATP8, MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-CO3, MT-RNR1, respectively; see Table 1 below for official gene nomenclature mitochondrial cells used in the prognostic scores of the invention) stratifies, on diagnosis, patients suffering from AML into 3 respective prognosis groups: favorable, intermediate, unfavorable, in terms of overall survival on the basis of combinations of variants of the genes above.
- the Mitoscore allows an improved prognostic stratification compared to the European LeukemiaNet 2017 (ELN 2017) prognostic score currently used for patients with AML, in order to distinguish good from bad responders and to adapt therapeutic management.
- the Mitoscore allows also improved prognostic stratification compared to the recently published European LeukemiaNet 2022 (ELN 2022) prognostic score.
- the Mitoscore is valid independently of the usual prognostic factors (age, white blood cell count, ELN, transplant), and can be combined with the EuroLeukemiaNet 2017 (ELN 2017) or EuroLeukemiaNet 2022 (ELN 2022) prognostic score - generically referred to as the ELN prognostic score - in the form a score, hereinafter referred to as Mitoscore+.
- Mitoscore improves prognostic stratification of patients with AML at diagnosis. Moreover, the Mitoscore carried out by the sequencing of the mitochondrial genome (16 kb) turns out to be simpler than the classification of the ELN requiring both the culturing of leukemic cells for the production of a karyotype and sequencing of the molecular anomalies, for example by NGS technique (panel of around 100 kb, different depending on the centre). In addition, the karyotype requires a large number of leukemia cells not always obtained in poor marrow. Mitoscore therefore saves time, reduces costs, facilitates reproducibility (no culturing, no difficulties in interpretation), and requires a smaller quantity of biological material.
- the present invention therefore relates to an in vitro method for establishing a Mitoscore survival prognosis in a patient suffering from a chemosensitive cancer, said method comprising the following steps:
- chemosensitive cancer within the meaning of the present invention, a pathology that can be treated by chemotherapy (eg anthracyclines, antimetabolics, alkaloids or topoisomerase inhibitors, alone or in combination with other treatments) chosen for example from the group consisting by acute myeloid leukemia (AML), sarcomas, testicular cancer (of germ cells in general), choriocarcinomas, hemopathies, gynecological cancers such as ovarian cancer, and breast cancer, lung cancers, neuroblastomas, malignant brain tumors, digestive cancers, pancreatic cancers, bladder cancers, prostate cancers, thyroid cancers, liver cancers, ENT cancers.
- AML acute myeloid leukemia
- sarcomas testicular cancer (of germ cells in general)
- choriocarcinomas hemopathies
- gynecological cancers such as ovarian cancer, and breast cancer
- lung cancers neuroblastomas
- biological reference sample within the meaning of the present invention means a biological sample from a healthy subject, for example a DNA sample of marrow, blood, tissue.
- reference sequence within the meaning of the present invention means a reference mitochondrial DNA sequence, for example the rCRS sequence (revised Cambridge Reference Sequence NC_012920.1) or a sequence present in the Mitomap/Mitomaster databases , gnomAD.
- reference haplogroup/haplotype means the variations in composition with respect to the reference sequence (CRS or rCRS) defining a haplogroup or haplotype according to the classification of Richards and Macaulay of 1998, which can be determined by several tools (MitoTool, HaploFind, PhyloTree mt, Mitomap,).
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro method for establishing a Mitoscore+ survival prognosis in a patient suffering from a chemosensitive cancer showing no mutation in the genes “ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4, COX1, COX2, COX3 , 12S" or "ND2, ND5, ATP6, CYTB, ND4, ND1, COX3, 12S” (ie patients of the subgroups called Mitonaif A and Mitonaif B, respectively), said method comprising the method for establishing a Mitoscore survival prognosis as defined above and the determination of the ELN prognostic score, in said patient.
- Mitonaif A or Mitonaif B of the "intermediate" Mitoscore the ELN stratification was applied to determine the Mitoscore+ which made it possible to reclassify these patients with AML into 3 prognostic groups in terms of overall survival.
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro method for establishing a Mitoscore B/A survival prognosis in a patient suffering from a chemosensitive cancer, in particular acute myeloid leukemia (AML), according to the present invention, where:
- the indication of a favorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4 genes, and the absence of mutations in the following genes ND1/ COX3/12S, i.e. "the absence of mutations in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ND1/COX3/12S genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the "ND3, ATP8" genes and the absence of mutations in the “COX1, COX2” genes”;
- the indication of an unfavorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND1/COX3/12S genes, and the absence of mutation in the following genes ND2/ND5/ATP6/ CYTB/ND4, or the absence of mutations in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ND1/COX3/12S genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the "COX1, COX2" genes and the absence of mutations in one of the “ND3, ATP8” genes;
- the indication of an intermediate survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4 genes and at least one mutation in one of the genes ND1/COX3/12S or the absence of mutations in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ND1/COX3/12S genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the “COX1, COX2” genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the “ND3, ATP8” genes, or the absence of mutations in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ND1/COX3/12S/COX1/COX2/ ND3/ATP8 (patients called Mitonaifs B/A, i.e. approximately 25% of patients in AML).
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro method for establishing a Mitoscore B/A+ survival prognosis in a patient suffering from cancer.
- chemosensitive, in particular acute myeloid leukemia (AML) according to the present invention, where:
- the indication of a favorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4 genes, and the absence of mutation in the following genes ND1/ COX3/12S, i.e. "the absence of mutations in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ND1/COX3/12S genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the "ND3, ATP8" genes and the absence of mutations in the “COX1, COX2” genes or in Mitonaifs B/A patients classified as favorable with the ELN classification;
- the indication of an unfavorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND1/COX3/12S genes, and the absence of mutation in the following genes ND2/ND5/ATP6/ CYTB/ND4, or the absence of mutations in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ND1/COX3/12S genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the "COX1, COX2" genes and the absence of mutations in the “ND3, ATP8” genes, i.e. in Mitonaifs B/A patients classified unfavorably with the ELN classification;
- the indication of an intermediate survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4 genes and at least one mutation in one of the genes ND1/COX3/12S or the absence of mutations in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ND1/COX3/12S genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the “COX1, COX2” genes and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the “ND3, ATP8” genes, i.e. in Mitonaifs B/A patients classified as intermediate with the ELN classification.
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro method for establishing a Mitoscore A/B survival prognosis in a patient suffering from a chemosensitive cancer, in particular acute myeloid leukemia, according to the present invention, where:
- the indication of a favorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 genes and the absence of mutation in the COX1, COX2 genes, COX3, 12S, or the absence of mutations in the COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S, ND2, ND3 genes, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 but the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ATP6, ND5 genes and the absence of mutations in the ND1 gene;
- the indication of an unfavorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S genes and the absence of mutations in the ND2, ND3, ATP8 genes, CYTB, ND4, or the absence of mutations in the COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S, ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 genes but the presence of at least one mutation in the ND1 gene and the absence of mutations in one of the ATP6 genes, ND5;
- the indication of an intermediate survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 genes and at least one mutation in one of the COX1 genes , COX2, COX3, 12S, or the absence of mutations in the ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4, COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S genes, and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND5 genes /ATP6 and the presence of at least one mutation in the ND1 gene or the absence of mutations in the ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4, COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S, ND5, ATP6, ND1 genes (patients called Mitonaifs A/B i.e. about 25% of patients in AML).
- the present invention also relates to an in vitro method for establishing a Mitoscore A/B+ survival prognosis in a patient suffering from a chemosensitive cancer, in particular acute myeloid leukemia, according to the present invention, where:
- the indication of a favorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 genes and the absence of mutations in the COX1, COX2 genes, COX3, 12S, or the absence of mutations in the COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S, ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 genes but the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ATP6, ND5 and the absence of mutations in the ND1 gene either in Mitonaifs A/B patients classified as favorable with the ELN classification;
- the indication of an unfavorable survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S genes and the absence of mutations in the ND2, ND3, ATP8 genes, CYTB, ND4, or the absence of mutations in the COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S, ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 genes but the presence of at least one mutation in the ND1 gene and the absence of mutations in one of the ATP6, ND5 genes or in Mitonaifs A/B patients classified as unfavorable with the ELN classification;
- the indication of an intermediate survival prognosis corresponds either to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4 genes and at least one mutation in one of the COX1 genes , COX2, COX3, 12S, or the absence of mutations in the ND2, ND3, ATP8, CYTB, ND4, COX1, COX2, COX3, 12S genes, and the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND5 genes /ATP6 and the presence of at least one mutation in the ND1 gene or Mitonaifs A/B patients classified as intermediate with the ELN classification.
- the detection steps are carried out by high-throughput sequencing (NGS) of the mitochondrial genome.
- NGS high-throughput sequencing
- a further subject of the present invention is an in vitro method for predicting or evaluating the efficacy and/or the benefit of a treatment for a chemosensitive cancer, in particular an acute myeloid leukemia (AML), in a patient suffering from said cancer comprising the following steps:
- chemosensitive cancer within the meaning of the present invention means a pathology that can be treated by chemotherapy (e.g. anthracyclines, antimetabolics, alkaloids or topoisomerase inhibitors, alone or in combination with other treatments) chosen for example from the group consisting of by acute myeloid leukemia (AML), sarcomas, cancer of the testicles (of germ cells in general), choriocarcinomas, hemopathies, gynecological cancer such as ovarian cancer, and breast cancer, lung cancer , neuroblastomas, malignant brain tumors, digestive cancers, pancreatic cancers, bladder cancers, prostate cancers, thyroid cancers, liver cancers, cancers of the ENT sphere.
- chemotherapy e.g. anthracyclines, antimetabolics, alkaloids or topoisomerase inhibitors, alone or in combination with other treatments
- AML acute myeloid leukemia
- sarcomas cancer of the testicles (of germ cells in general)
- better survival prognosis after treatment than before treatment within the meaning of the present invention, for example, an intermediate or unfavorable survival prognosis before treatment which becomes, respectively, a favorable or intermediate survival prognosis after treatment.
- the treatment of a chemosensitive cancer comprises the administration of venetoclax optionally in combination with another molecule (e.g. azacytidine).
- venetoclax optionally in combination with another molecule (e.g. azacytidine).
- a computer program has been created for the implementation of the above methods. This analyzes the variants from the source data of the sequencer used, filters them according to the quality criteria and the location of the variants in the coding zones, the rate of heteroplasmy and the silent mutations. THE program then applies the Mitoscores of the invention (Mitoscore/Mitoscore+/Mitoscore B/Mitoscore B+, Mitoscore B/A, Mitoscore B/A+, Mitoscore A/B, Mitoscore A/B+).
- the present invention therefore also relates to a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a computer, lead it to implement the methods described above.
- Mitoscores is carried out thanks to said computer program developed to analyze the sequences of the mitochondrial genome.
- the present invention also relates to a computer-readable data medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, lead the latter to implement a method as described above.
- said data carrier is non-transitory.
- the present invention also relates to a method making it possible to select, according to their status for a predictive marker identified by this test, only the patients in whom the treatment is likely to provide a benefit among those diagnosed for a given disease and thus to predict the addition of molecules/drugs targeting the mitochondria in chemosensitive cancers, in particular in acute myeloid leukaemia.
- patients in the unfavorable or intermediate group of Mitoscores with mutations in the 12S gene can be treated with the MOTS-c peptide in order to improve the response to the standard treatment
- patients in the unfavorable or intermediate group of Mitoscores with mutations in the COX1, COX2 or COX3 genes can be treated with quercetin or with a drug acting on complex IV in order to improve the response to treatment
- patients in the intermediate or unfavorable Mitoscore group may benefit from therapies targeting complexes I or III of the respiratory chain (e.g. Olaparib, Mubritinib, trimetazidine dihydrochloride, etc.) in addition to the standard treatment.
- therapies targeting complexes I or III of the respiratory chain e.g. Olaparib, Mubritinib, trimetazidine dihydrochloride, etc.
- the present invention therefore relates to the use of a method according to the present invention to establish a Mitoscore in a patient suffering from a chemosensitive cancer as a companion test, in particular a companion test to the addition of molecules targeting the mitochondria.
- Figure 1 represents the technical workflow carried out for the application of Mitoscore and Mitoscore+, defining in particular the criteria used for the selection of the variants.
- Figure 2 represents the Kaplan-Meier survival curves (log-rank test p ⁇ 0.05) representing the overall survival as a function of time in patients with AML according to (A) the Mitoscore or (B) the Mitoscore+.
- Figure 3 represents the Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% CI) of the risk of death according to Mitoscore and Mitoscore+ calculated according to the Cox model in univariate (UV) or multivariate (MV) analysis.
- the covariates used in the MV analysis are age at diagnosis, white blood cell (WBC) count in G/l, ELN 2017 classification and/or bone marrow transplant.
- Figure 4 shows the Kaplan-Meier survival curves (log-rank test p ⁇ 0.05) representing the overall survival as a function of time in patients with AML according to (A) the Mitoscore B containing the ND2/ND5/ CYTB /ND4/ATP6/ ND1/CO3/12S or (B) the Mitoscore B+ containing the ND2/ND5/CYTB /ND4/ATP6/ ND1/CO3/12S genes associated with ELN 2017 in patients Mitonaives for the genes previously cited.
- Figure 5 represents the Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% CI) of the risk of death according to Mitoscore B and Mitoscore B+ calculated according to the Cox model in univariate (UV) or multivariate (MV) analysis.
- the covariates used in the MV analysis are age at diagnosis, white blood cell (WBC) count in G/l, ELN 2017 classification and/or bone marrow transplant.
- Figure 6 is a block diagram representing a computer for implementing a prognosis establishment method according to the invention.
- Figure 7 shows the Kaplan-Meier survival curves (log-rank test p ⁇ 0.05) representing the overall survival as a function of time in patients with AML according to (A) the Mitoscore B/A or (B) the Mitoscore B/A+ associated with ELN 2017 in Mitonaifs B/A patients.
- Figure 8 shows the Kaplan-Meier survival curves (log-rank test p ⁇ 0.05) representing the overall survival as a function of time in patients with AML according to (A) the Mitoscore A/B or (B) the Mitoscore A/B+ associated with ELN 2017 in Mitonaives A/B patients.
- EXAMPLE 1 ELABORATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL GENOTYPIC SCORES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PROGNOSIS OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML)
- the inventors have sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome using high-throughput sequencing technology of the mitochondrial genome (NGS) of patients with AML. From this sequencing, a score called Mitoscore was defined which made it possible to predict patient survival. The value of Mitoscore was confirmed in multivariate analysis independently of the usual prognostic factors for AML (/.e. age, number of circulating white blood cells (WBC), cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, transplant). In addition, the Mitoscore was functionally characterized by comparison with ROS emission data with and without mitochondrial complex inhibitors (antimycin A, Rotenone).
- Sequencing of the mitochondrial genome was carried out on an S5 automaton (Ion Torrent) after PCR amplification of the mitochondrial genome (2 fragments of 8 kDa).
- the mitochondrial genome can be produced with other technologies for the synthesis of libraries, for example PCR amplification of the mitochondrial genome with more than 2 fragments or recovery of the sequencing product by capture.
- sequencing on an Illumina technology-type sequencer can also be performed.
- Variant analysis was performed using Mitomaster. Variants affecting non-coding regions (e.g. D-loop%), heteroplasmy rates strictly below 2% and silent mutations were eliminated.
- the Mitomaster site has defined a mitochondrial haplogroup.
- This prognostic classification based on the “Mitoscore” is independent of the usual prognostic factors for AML (age, GB/I, ELN 2017, bone marrow transplant).
- the Mitoscore was functionally characterized by comparing to ROS emission data.
- leukemia cells from patients in the “unfavorable” Mitoscore subgroup emitted significantly less ROS under antimycin/rotenone stimulation (targeting ROS mitochondrial) than those of the “favorable” and “intermediate” Mitoscore with the COX1/COX2/COX3/12S and ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4 mutations.
- complexes I and III of the respiratory chain are the main sources of emission of reactive oxygen species.
- the genes involved in the "favorable" Mitoscore affect subunits of complexes I (ND2/ND3/ND4/ND5) and III (CYTB) as well as ATP synthase (ATP8/ATP6).
- the ROS data therefore support the hypothesis of the functioning of the "favorable” Mitoscore where the mutations affect the emission of ROS, in particular under conditions of stimulation such as induced by chemotherapy.
- the strong emission of ROS triggers the apoptosis threshold and leads to cell death of leukemia cells.
- Mitoscore subgroup fewer ROS are emitted. Indeed, complex IV of the respiratory chain encoded by the COX1/COX2/COX3 genes is not a site for the emission of superoxide ions. In addition, the Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c encoded by the 12S gene plays a role in metabolic adaptation to stress.
- Mitoscore+ was also functionally characterized in the same way as Mitoscore.
- Mitonaif patients whose leukemia cells are able to produce more ROS in the presence of antimycin/rotenone and DPI (diphenyleneiodonium) show significantly better overall survival compared to patients whose leukemia cells produce less ROS.
- the Mitoscore made it possible to stratify the 64 patients with AML into 3 prognostic groups in terms of overall survival based on the following combinations of variants:
- a “favorable” Mitoscore corresponds to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4 genes or at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB genes , and the absence of mutations in the following genes COX1/COX2/COX3/12S.
- Mitoscore corresponds to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the COX1/COX2/COX3/12S genes, and the absence of mutations in the following genes ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4.
- An “intermediate” Mitoscore corresponds to:
- the Mitoscore B also made it possible to stratify the 64 patients with AML into 3 prognostic groups in terms of overall survival on the basis of the following combinations of variants:
- a "favorable” Mitoscore also corresponds to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4 genes, and the absence of mutations in the following genes ND1/COX3/12S.
- An “unfavorable” Mitoscore also corresponds to the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND1/COX3/12S genes, and the absence of mutations in the following genes ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4.
- a “favorable” Mitoscore+ corresponds to: - either the presence of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4 genes or of at least one mutation in one of the ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB genes, and the absence of mutations in the following genes COX1/COX2/COX3/12S; - or to Mitonaifs A patients classified as “favourable” according to the ELN score.
- a “favorable” Mitosscore B+ corresponds to:
- the Mitoscore B/A also made it possible to stratify the 64 patients with AML into 3 prognostic groups in terms of overall survival based on the following combinations of variants:
- Mitosscore B/A corresponds to:
- Mitosscore B/A corresponds to:
- the Mitoscore A/B allowed the 64 patients with AML to be stratified into 3 prognostic groups in terms of overall survival based on the following combinations of variants:
- a “favorable” Mitoscore A/B corresponds to: - either the presence of at least one mutation in the ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4 genes, and the absence of a variant in the COX1/COX2/COX3/12S genes; or the absence of a variant in the COX1/COX2/COX3/12S/ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4/ND1 genes, and the presence of at least one mutation in the ATP6/ND5 genes.
- Mitoscore A/B corresponds to:
- the Mitoscore B/A+ also stratified the 64 AML patients into 3 prognostic groups in terms of overall survival based on the following variant combinations:
- Mitosscore B/A+ corresponds to:
- An “unfavorable” Mitosscore B/A+ corresponds to: - either the presence of at least one variant in the ND1/COX3/12S genes, and the absence of a variant in the ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4 genes; either the absence of a variant in the ND1/COX3/12S/ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/ATP8/ND3 genes, and the presence of at least one variant in the COX1/COX2 genes; or the absence of a variant in the ND1/COX3/12S/ND2/ND5/ATP6/CYTB/ND4/COX1/COX2/ATP8/ND3 genes, and unfavorable ELN.
- the Mitoscore A/B+ made it possible to stratify the 64 patients with AML into 3 prognostic groups in terms of overall survival on the basis of the following combinations of variants:
- Mitosscore A/B+ corresponds to:
- ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4 either the absence of a variant in the COX1/COX2/COX3/12S/ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4/ATP6/ND5 genes, and the presence of at least one variant in the ND1 gene; or the absence of a variant in the COX1/COX2/COX3/12S/ND2/ND3/ATP8/CYTB/ND4/ATP6/ND5/ND1 genes, and unfavorable ELN.
- the different Mitoscores according to the invention can thus show their effectiveness in predicting the response to treatments for a chemosensitive cancer, for example using venetoclax.
- they make it possible to define the sensitivity to a treatment (e.g. to venetoclax) in the indication acute myeloid leukemia as well as in the other indications using the treatment.
- the Mitoscores according to the invention can make it possible to modify the management in combination with chemotherapy by using drugs capable of: • target the communication between the mitochondria and the nucleus of the leukemia cell by administering the MOTS-c peptide in intermediate or unfavorable patients with a mutation in the 12S gene
- target complex IV of the mitochondria with, for example, quercetin or other drugs in intermediate or unfavorable patients with a mutation in one of the COX1, COX2, COX3 genes
- target complexes I and III of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in intermediate or unfavorable patients via the administration of drugs targeting the mitochondria, for example olaparib, mubritinib, trimetazidine dihydrochloride, myxothiazol, etc.
- Mitoscores of the invention can serve as a companion test to improve patient care and define possible indications for the addition of complementary therapies/products targeting the mitochondria.
- a computer program has been created for the implementation of the above scores in order to be able to evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic treatment, for example with venetoclax, vis-à-vis a chemosensitive cancer, in particular a LAM.
- Said program analyzes the variants from the source data of the sequencer used, filters them according to the quality criteria and the location of the variants in the coding zones, the rate of heteroplasmy and silent mutations.
- the program then applies the Mitoscores (Mitoscore / Mitoscore+, Mitoscore B / Mitoscore B+, Mitoscore B/A, Mitoscore B/A+, Mitoscore A/B, Mitoscore A/B+).
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a device 600 configured to implement the steps of a method for establishing a survival prognosis in a patient suffering from a chemosensitive cancer, as described above.
- the device comprises a processor 601, a volatile memory 602, a non-volatile memory 603, the latter comprising instructions 604 which, when executed by the processor 601, lead the device 600 to implement the steps mentioned above. above to establish a survival prognosis in a patient with a chemosensitive cancer.
- the different components are connected by a bus communication 605.
- the device may comprise other components or interfaces 606 to other components, depending on the implementation, in particular a user interface.
- Processor 601 may take any suitable form - one or more microprocessors, one or more microcontrollers, or a combination thereof.
- Volatile memory 602 is used for temporary storage of data.
- Nonvolatile memory 603 may include a hard disk, static memory, or other form of long-term storage.
- Non-volatile memory stores implementation instructions, it can also store an operating system and/or applications.
- the device 600 is for example a computer in which is loaded or downloaded a computer program which includes the instructions 604.
- the different Mitoscores according to the invention can thus show their effectiveness in order to predict the response to treatments using venetoclax. For example, they make it possible to define the sensitivity to venetoclax in the indication Acute myeloid leukemia as well as in the other indications using the treatment.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2112107A FR3129155B1 (fr) | 2021-11-16 | 2021-11-16 | Scores genotypiques mitochondriaux : marqueurs pronostiques dans un cancer chimiosensible |
| PCT/FR2022/052098 WO2023089268A1 (fr) | 2021-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Scores genotypiques mitochondriaux : marqueurs pronostiques dans un cancer chimiosensible |
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| EP22834683.9A Pending EP4433612A1 (fr) | 2021-11-16 | 2022-11-16 | Scores genotypiques mitochondriaux : marqueurs pronostiques dans un cancer chimiosensible |
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| US (1) | US20250011877A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4433612A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025501674A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118401682A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3235149A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3129155B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023089268A1 (fr) |
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- 2022-11-16 CN CN202280076395.6A patent/CN118401682A/zh active Pending
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| CN118401682A (zh) | 2024-07-26 |
| US20250011877A1 (en) | 2025-01-09 |
| FR3129155A1 (fr) | 2023-05-19 |
| CA3235149A1 (fr) | 2023-05-25 |
| WO2023089268A1 (fr) | 2023-05-25 |
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