EP4426647A1 - Procede d'extraction liquide-liquide de terres rares ou d'actinides via l'association synergique d'un hydrotrope co-solvant a des extractants chelatants ou anioniques - Google Patents
Procede d'extraction liquide-liquide de terres rares ou d'actinides via l'association synergique d'un hydrotrope co-solvant a des extractants chelatants ou anioniquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4426647A1 EP4426647A1 EP22817527.9A EP22817527A EP4426647A1 EP 4426647 A1 EP4426647 A1 EP 4426647A1 EP 22817527 A EP22817527 A EP 22817527A EP 4426647 A1 EP4426647 A1 EP 4426647A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extraction
- phase
- aqueous phase
- nonionic
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/10—Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification
- C01F17/17—Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification involving a liquid-liquid extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G43/00—Compounds of uranium
- C01G43/003—Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the extraction and purification of elements of the group of rare earths or actinides from acidic aqueous solutions in which they are found.
- the process in accordance with the invention is particularly suitable for the extraction of uranium (U), lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er) ytterbium (Yb) or a mixture thereof.
- hydrometallurgical Modern metallurgy mainly covers hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical, electrometallurgical and nuclear approaches.
- the hydrometallurgical approach is the dominant reference technology for the extraction and purification of rare earth group and actinide group elements.
- metals found in nature occur primarily in salt and mineral forms due to natural processes of reactions with surrounding chemical elements.
- the desired metal is extracted from minerals or ores.
- the best known ore containing uranium is uraninite or formerly pitchblende.
- Rare earth elements are found in various minerals such as bastnaesite, monazite, xenotime, loparite or apatite.
- the mining process is followed by mechanical and chemical separation, enrichment and purification steps.
- the raw materials obtained such as rare earth oxides of sufficient purity or uranium concentrate (also called “orange concentrate” or "yellowcake” according to the corresponding English expression) for nuclear fuels, are then used for the product creation.
- Earth elements rare are essential compounds for modern consumer electronics and are also used as magnetic compounds in wind turbine generators or motors for electric mobility. These metals are therefore essential for a wide range of modern inventions, essential for the development of efficient, carbon-free and environmentally friendly technologies. They are an important ingredient for modern hydride batteries, hybrid and electric cars, smartphones, HD displays, laser technology, crude oil refining, catalysis as well as for permanent magnets as magnetic compounds in generators.
- the actinides are a family of the periodic table comprising the 15 chemical elements ranging from actinium (n° 89) to lawrencium (n° 103). These heavy metals take their name from actinium, the first of the family, because of their related chemical properties. These are all f-block elements, except lawrencium, which belongs to d-block. All actinides are radioactive, and release energy by radioactive decay. They are all fissionable in fast neutrons, and some in thermal neutrons. Uranium, thorium and plutonium are the most abundant actinides on Earth. Unlike the lanthanides, which occur in nature in appreciable quantities (with the exception of promethium), most actinides are very rare elements. The most abundant natural elements are thorium and uranium; and the easiest to synthesize is plutonium; the others are scarcely met with except in the state of traces.
- liquid-liquid extraction also called solvent extraction. This procedure is generally applied between the extraction and the production of the raw materials, and after the end of life of the products to recover the raw materials and sort the waste.
- liquid-liquid extraction allows the separation and isolation of radioactive fission products (in particular the PUR.EX and DIAMEX processes in France).
- the chemical process PUR.EX (acronym for "Plutonium, Uranium, Reduction, Extraction") is a method of processing spent nuclear fuel, used since 1947 to separate plutonium and uranium independently from each other minor actinides and fission products by a liquid-liquid extraction method and during which uranium and plutonium are extracted by an organic solvent composed of 30% tributylphosphate (TBP) in dodecane.
- TBP tributylphosphate
- the fission products are then recovered in a phase of nitric acid then the plutonium is extracted from the uranium/plutonium solution by reduction of the plutonium.
- uranium and plutonium from fission products (eg cesium) and transuranics (americium, curium, etc.). Although previously considered as waste, these transuranium elements can be used again in a closed fuel cycle for 4th generation generators.
- liquid-liquid extraction can selectively separate rare earth elements from raw ores and electronic electrical waste (WEEE).
- Liquid-liquid hydrometallurgical extraction is defined by UIPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) as the process of transferring a dissolved substance from one liquid phase to another (immiscible or partially miscible) in contact with it .
- UIPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- the distribution of solute species between the two phases makes it possible to estimate the efficiency of a given extraction method. If more than one compound is dissolved and can be extracted, the selectivity of the chosen approach is important to obtain the desired results.
- the end goal of a liquid-liquid extraction process is to selectively transfer (desired) ions from phase A to phase B, while unwanted ions remain in phase A.
- Back-extraction is the step reverse. Successive extraction and back-extraction cycles, with controlled temperature and pH, form the basis of any separation of rare earths or actinides and other metals present such as iron for example.
- hydrometallurgy describes the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials.
- the main steps are leaching, concentration and recovery.
- phase A represents in most cases an acidic aqueous phase loaded with desired and unwanted ions.
- This phase is also called “feed solution” and results from the processing of ores and minerals or - in the case of recycling - valuable waste, for example electronic and metal scrap or rods.
- feed solution This wet chemical process.
- This wet chemical process is called “leaching” and is the first step in the extraction cycle.
- the feed solution is brought into contact with a formulated organic phase. It is designed to extract the desired ions in the organic phase, where we enter the field of liquid-liquid extraction which uses ternary or quaternary formulations.
- the organic phase contains one or more complexing extractants, pure or diluted in a diluent and often a phase modifier.
- the third stage is the "de-extraction" during which said metals are re-extracted from the organic phase - "the extract" - towards a fresh aqueous phase.
- the organic solvent is recovered and can be reused for another extraction cycle.
- DA and DB are the distribution ratios for the two species A and B, respectively.
- the main liquid-liquid extraction processes used in industry differ from each other in particular by the type of solvents used or by the back-extraction and washing methods used.
- the solvents used in these processes make it possible to extract various rare earths with a purity generally greater than 99.9%.
- the most widely used solvents are organophosphorus extractants such as phosphoric acids, phosphonic acids and phosphinic acids; carboxylic acids and alkyl phosphates.
- HDEHP di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid
- HEHEHP 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid
- Cyanex ® 272 bis(trimethyl-2,2,4-pentyl)phosphinic acid
- mixtures of branched carboxylic acids such as the products sold under the trade names VersaticTM Acid 10 and VersaticTM Acid 911, tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP) or else Aliquat 336.
- Tributyl phosphate was for a long time the solvent most used by large industrial groups in extraction processes. Quaternary ammoniums as well as tertiary carboxylic acids (versatic acids) are also used commercially. Despite the use of these formulations often diluted in petroleum cuts (Isopar®, Isane®, Kerosene, etc.) in well-established and efficient processes for the production and purification of rare earths, certain problems related to their use are of concern to scientists. and technologists.
- DIAMEX DIAMEX
- DMDOHEMA malonamide-based extractant molecules
- SANEX extraction process Separation of ActiNoides by Extraction
- Am 3+ and Cm 3+ are finally separated by another process similar to DIAMEX.
- N,N-dialkylamides (or equivalently, monoamide extractants) have been shown to be a promising group of extractants for actinide extraction. They show good affinities for the hexavalent and tetravalent ions of actinides and weak affinities for the main fission products. This group of extractants is sparingly soluble in aqueous solution and stable against chemical degradation and radiolysis. Synthesis and purification are quite simple and the physicochemical properties and selectivities can be easily tuned by varying the three hydrocarbon chains.
- the main advantage of N,N-dialkylamides is the possibility of simultaneous extraction of uranium and plutonium without the need for a redox step and additional reducing agents as is the case for TBP. The separation of uranium and plutonium can be obtained by adjusting the pH of the aqueous solution.
- the formation of the " 3rd phase” is the major obstacle in the use of known solvents, because in all industrial devices, the 3rd phase is a stable, viscous emulsion which stops liquid-liquid extraction, requiring complete emptying-cleaning of the containers, extremely costly in the case of rare earths and in practice impossible in the case of extraction containing radioactive elements.
- the risk of appearance of a third phase is a dimensioning element limiting the intensification of processes, and therefore the cost.
- the rare published theoretical models of third phase appearance C. Erlinger et al., "Attractive Interactions between Reverse Aggregates and Phase Separation in Concentrated Malonamide Extractant Solutions", Langmuir, vol. 15, no. 7, pp.
- the invention relates to an extraction process designed for the recovery of one or more elements belonging to the rare earth group or to the actinide group, in which process a nonionic hydrotropic agent (co-solvent) combined to a solvating or ionic (cationic or anionic) extractant is used as a new extraction system.
- a nonionic hydrotropic agent co-solvent
- a solvating or ionic (cationic or anionic) extractant is used as a new extraction system.
- Said new extraction system replaces the organic phase conventionally used in liquid-liquid extraction processes and which comprises an extractant molecule, an often aliphatic diluent and a phase modifier.
- the subject of the present invention is therefore a process for the liquid-liquid extraction of at least one salt of a metal chosen from the elements of the rare earth group and of the actinide group from an acidic aqueous phase containing them, said method being characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps:
- the liquid-liquid extraction method it is possible to extract metals of the rare earth group and the actinide group from an acidic aqueous phase in an efficient and selective manner, while reducing the increase in viscosity during the passage of said metals in the organic phase and by reducing or eliminating the so-called " 3rd phase" effect usually observed during the implementation of extraction processes using conventional solvents such as hydrocarbons .
- the extraction process in accordance with the present invention makes it possible to extract from an acid solution at least one rare earth and/or one actinide likely to be present in the acid solution, with high extraction yields and a high selectivity with respect to metallic impurities likely to also be present in said acid solution and, in particular, with respect to iron.
- One of the advantages of the method in accordance with the invention is also that it can be implemented in an extraction device comprising several stages (typically from 2 to 10 stages) operating in counter-current according to the well-known techniques of the Man of the art.
- the liquid-liquid extraction process in accordance with the invention can also be carried out in a closed circuit, which makes it possible to minimize the effluents and drastically reduce the costs.
- the process in accordance with the invention is easily adaptable to any liquid-liquid extraction process and to any extraction installation existing in the industry.
- the invention finds a particular application in the purification of uranium before fabrication of fuel elements, in the treatment of irradiated nuclear fuels or in the extraction of uranium from phosphates from mining concentrates.
- the invention also finds an application in the production of rare earths whether from concentrates of natural ores rich in rare earths such as monazites, bastnaesites or xenotimes, concentrates resulting from the processing of natural ores other than ores rich in rare earths such as concentrates from "urban mines", i.e. from “mines” consisting of industrial and domestic post-consumer waste containing rare earths and, in particular, waste electrical and electronic equipment (also called “WEEE” or "D3E”), or concentrates from scrap from the manufacture of products comprising rare earths as well as in the treatment of aqueous solutions resulting from leaching in order to recover the rare earths present in these aqueous solutions.
- concentrates resulting from the processing of natural ores other than ores rich in rare earths such as concentrates from "urban mines", i.e. from “mines” consisting of industrial and domestic post-consumer waste containing rare earths and, in particular, waste electrical and electronic equipment (also called “WEEE”
- the rare earth group includes scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y) and the 15 lanthanide elements, namely cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu ), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm) , terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm) and ytterbium (Yb).
- Sc scandium
- Y yttrium
- Yb the 15 lanthanide elements, namely cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu ), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd),
- the actinide group includes the 15 chemical elements ranging from actinium (n°89 - Ac) to lawrencium (n°103 - Lr), and in particular uranium (n°92 - U).
- the method in accordance with the present invention is particularly suitable for the extraction of metals chosen from the so-called "light” rare earths, such as lanthanum (La), and neodymium (Nd), so-called “heavy” rare earths such as europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), and ytterbium (Yb), or even uranium, and mixtures thereof.
- light rare earths such as lanthanum (La), and neodymium (Nd)
- so-called “heavy” rare earths such as europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), and ytterbium (Yb), or even uranium, and mixtures thereof.
- hydrotropic agent means a compound which is soluble both in an aqueous phase and in an organic phase. More specifically, a hydrotrope is a compound that solubilizes hydrophobic compounds in aqueous solutions. Hydrotropes typically consist of a hydrophilic part and a hydrophobic part (like surfactants), but the latter is generally too short to cause spontaneous self-aggregation and micelle formation (J. Mehringer, Werner Kunz, 2021, Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 294, 102476). There are acidic, basic or salt electrolyte hydrotropic agents and non-electrolyte hydrotropic agents. Their molecular volume is greater than 0.090 nm 3 and less than 0.5 nm 3 .
- the nonionic hydrotrope can in particular be chosen from primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols with a short or medium chain, as well as from alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols.
- a “short chain” is a carbon chain having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a “medium chain” is a carbon chain having 5 or 6 carbon atoms.
- nonionic hydrotropic agents used during steps (i) and (ii) are chosen from:
- alkylene glycol alkyl ethers the alkyl being chosen from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, terbutyl and pentyl and the alkylene being chosen from ethylene and propylene and dipropylene;
- hydrotropic agents mention may in particular be made of
- 2-propanol is particularly preferred.
- the nonionic hydrotrope present in the balanced acid aqueous phase is identical to the nonionic hydrotrope present in the organic phase.
- acid aqueous phase is meant a solution of an organic or inorganic acid, said acid being qualified as “strong” or “weak”.
- the acid aqueous phase may in particular be an acid solution of a concentrate of a natural or urban ore comprising the salts of said metals.
- the acid present in the aqueous acid phase used according to the various stages of the process in accordance with the invention can in particular be chosen from strong acids such as nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and mixtures thereof, weak acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid and mixtures thereof, as well as among mixtures of at least one strong acid and at least one weak acid.
- the balanced acidic aqueous phase comprises at least one strong acid in a concentration ranging from 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 6 mol/L, and preferably from 0.01 to 4 mol/L approximately.
- the acid concentration preferably varies from 0.01 to 3 mol/L .
- the acidic aqueous phase comprises at least one weak acid, such as for example acetic acid, in a concentration ranging from 1 to 6 mol/L, and preferably from 1 to 3 mol/L approximately.
- weak acid such as for example acetic acid
- the metal salt concentration in the acidic aqueous phase is preferably between approximately 0.01 mol/L and 1.0 mol/L, limits included.
- step (i) is a pre-equilibration step consisting in adding to an acid aqueous solution containing at least one salt of a metal chosen from the elements of the earth group rare and from the group of actinides, a pre-balancing phase comprising at least one hydrotropic agent in an initial quantity Q1, to obtain a balanced acidic aqueous phase (Phaq.e).
- the pre-equilibration step allows the saturation of said acidic aqueous phase by said pre-equilibration phase and therefore the stability of the aqueous and organic phases during the extraction (steps (iii) and (iv)).
- the pre-equilibration phase is pure l-propoxy-2-propanol (PnP) or n- pure dipropylene glycol propyl ether (DPnP) or pure ethylene glycol monopentyl ether (C5E1).
- the initial quantity Q1 of hydrotrope agent corresponds to the volume of pure hydrotrope agent which is used to saturate the acidic aqueous phase.
- step (i) is carried out respecting a pre-equilibration phase/acid aqueous phase ratio by volume of approximately 1:1 to 1:10 and even more preferably of approximately 1:3.
- step (i) generally varies from 5 to 60 min, preferably from 5 to 20 minutes, and even more preferably this duration is approximately 10 minutes.
- a duration of 10 minutes makes it possible to obtain the saturation of the aqueous phase with said pre-equilibration phase
- Step (i) is generally carried out at a temperature ranging from 20 to 50° C. approximately.
- step (i) is carried out at ambient temperature, that is to say at a temperature of approximately 20° C. to 25° C.
- Step (i) is preferably carried out at a pressure at least equal to atmospheric pressure, and even more preferably at atmospheric pressure.
- the process in accordance with the invention may also comprise, before step (i), at least one preliminary leaching step.
- This preliminary leaching step can be carried out conventionally, for example by bringing a solid material comprising the rare earths and/or the actinides to be extracted into contact with a solution comprising high concentrations of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid, most often hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, or even a weak acid such as acetic acid.
- This leaching step makes it possible to obtain a solution of elements chosen from among the elements of the rare earth group and of the actinide group.
- the organic phase comprises at least one nonionic hydrotropic agent in an initial quantity Q2 and at least one extracting agent.
- This organic phase generally has a different density of at least 0.1 mg/L compared to the density of the aqueous phase acid, which makes it possible to easily separate the aqueous and organic phases during step (v).
- the extractant present in the organic phase prepared in step (ii) can be chosen from charged or neutral molecules which are specific for at least one of the elements to be extracted from the balanced acidic aqueous phase and mixtures of these molecules.
- the extracting agent can in particular be chosen from nonionic extractants based on phosphorus, amides, carboxylates and certain bi-functional molecules.
- the extractant is chosen from bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP), N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dioctylhexyl-ethoxy-malonamide (DMDOHEMA), N,N-di-(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide (DEHiBA), trioctylamine (TOA) and mixtures thereof.
- HDEHP bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid
- DMDOHEMA N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-dioctylhexyl-ethoxy-malonamide
- DEHiBA N,N-di-(2-ethylhexyl)isobutyramide
- TOA trioctylamine
- the metal to be extracted from the balanced acid aqueous phase is a lanthanide and the extracting agent is chosen from among HDEHP, DMDOHEMA and their mixtures.
- the extracting agent is a mixture of HDEHP and of DMDOHEMA.
- the lanthanide extraction yields which are obtained with an extractant consisting of such a mixture are greater than the sum of the extraction yields which are obtained by a extracting agent consisting solely of HDEHP or solely consisting of DMDOHEMA, which indicates a synergistic effect of the mixture of HDEHP and DMDOHEMA on the extraction yield of the rare earths according to the process in accordance with the invention.
- the molar fraction of DMDOHEMA within the DMDOHEMA/HDEHP mixture preferably varies from 0.3 to 0.8. Very particularly preferably, the molar fraction of DMDOHEMA within the DMDOHEMA/HDEHP mixture is 0.5, which corresponds to the highest synergistic effect.
- the metal to be extracted from the balanced acid aqueous phase is an actinide, and in particular uranium, and the extracting agent is chosen from DEHiBA, TOA and their mixtures.
- the organic phase consists solely of at least one extracting agent and of a nonionic hydrotropic agent, that is to say that it does not comprise anything of other, in particular that it does not include any organic diluent. It is in fact simpler to manage organic effluents with two constituents on an industrial scale than organic effluents with several constituents.
- the initial quantity Q2 of hydrotropic agent present in the organic phase varies from 0.1. to 10 mol/L approximately, and even more preferably from 1.5 to 8 mol/L approximately.
- the organic phase may nevertheless comprise, in addition to the extracting agent and the nonionic hydrotropic agent, an organic diluent of the aliphatic type.
- the organic phase preferably comprises at least 0.5 mol/L of nonionic hydrotropic agent, preferably at least 4 mol/L and even better still 5 mol/L of nonionic hydrotropic agent.
- Step (iii) of bringing into contact can be carried out by simple mixing of the balanced acidic aqueous phase and the organic phase.
- the aqueous and organic phases are mixed in a proportion by volume ranging from 1/1 to 1/4, and even more preferentially in a proportion by volume equal to 1/1.
- the agitation step (iv) corresponds to the actual extraction step during which the salts of the metals initially present in the balanced acidic aqueous phase pass in whole or in part into the organic phase.
- Step (iv) is generally carried out at a temperature of 20 to 50° C., preferably at a temperature of 20 to 30° C., and even more preferably at a temperature of 20 to 25° C., i.e. i.e. at room temperature.
- step (iv) The separation of the organic phase from the acidic aqueous phase equilibrated during step (iv) can be carried out for example by centrifugation.
- the method is implemented in an extraction device comprising several stages, preferably operating in countercurrent, each of the stages making it possible to implement steps (iii) to (v).
- the method then further comprises, after each step (v) and before each step (iii), at least one intermediate step of readjusting the amounts of nonionic hydrotropic agents present respectively in the acidic aqueous phase and in the organic phase at values identical to the initial values Q1 and Q2.
- the metal salts extracted from the balanced acidic aqueous phase and present in the organic phase after separation can then be recovered.
- the method further comprises at least:
- the back-extraction solution may consist of water, in particular distilled water, that is to say it comprises only water and said agent nonionic hydrotrope or a mixture of water and at least one acid and said nonionic hydrotrope.
- the initial concentration Q3 of ionic hydrotrope in the back-extraction solution preferably varies from 0.1 to 5 mol/L approximately, and even more preferably from 0.5 to 4 mol/L approximately.
- the nonionic hydrotropic agent present in the back-extraction solution is identical to the nonionic hydrotropic agent of the organic phase, itself preferably being identical to the nonionic hydrotrope present in the balanced acid aqueous phase.
- the back-extraction solution contains an acid
- said acid is preferably the same as that present in the balanced acidic aqueous phase.
- steps (vi) and (vii) are implemented in a back-extraction battery with several stages, preferably operating in countercurrent, each of the stages making it possible to implement the steps (vi) and (vii).
- the method in accordance with the invention then further comprises, after each step (vii) and before each step (vi), at least one intermediate step of readjusting the amount of nonionic hydrotropic agent present in the solution desextraction to a value identical to the initial value Q3.
- a second object of the invention is the use of an organic phase as defined above, that is to say comprising at least one extracting agent and one nonionic hydrotropic agent for the extraction of a metal chosen from among the elements of the rare earth group and of the actinide group from an acidic aqueous phase containing the said metals and a nonionic hydrotropic agent.
- the organic phase preferably comprises only one or more extracting agents and a nonionic hydrotropic agent.
- said organic phase does not include anything else, in particular it does not include any organic diluent.
- the nonionic hydrotrope of the organic phase is identical to the nonionic hydrotrope of the acidic aqueous phase.
- Figure 1 illustrates the influence of the nature of the acid in the aqueous phase on the extraction of europium (Eu) from this acidic aqueous phase at two different acid concentrations: Figure 1 (a): 1 M and Figure 1 (b): 0.03 M;
- FIG.2 figure 2 shows the evolution of the selectivity coefficients of the rare earths (La, Nd, Eu, Dy, Er, Yb) with respect to iron, denoted Sm/Fe according to the nature acid.
- FIG.3 Figure 3 shows the variation in the europium extraction yield as a function of time
- Figure 4 illustrates the influence of PnP on the relative viscosity of the organic phase after extraction
- Figure 5 shows the load capacity of the organic phase containing the hydrotrope compared to conventional extraction systems
- FIG. 6 illustrates the influence of the concentration of the acid in the aqueous phase and of the concentration of the extractant in the organic phase on the extraction of europium;
- FIG.7 Figure 7 illustrates the influence of the nature of the acid in the aqueous phase on the extraction of europium (Eu) from this acidic aqueous phase at two different acid concentrations: Figure 1 (a): 0.3 M and Figure 1 (b): 1 M;
- FIG.8 Figure 8 shows the load capacity of the organic phase containing the hydrotrope compared to an organic phase containing n-dodecane
- Figure 9 shows the variation in the extraction yield of europium as a function of time
- FIG.lO Figure 10 shows the influence of the use of PnP on the synergy
- Figure 11 shows the evolution of the distribution coefficients denoted Di_n,eq, as a function of the molar fraction of the extractant DMDOHEMA, denoted XDMDOHEMA;
- Figure 12 shows the evolution of the distribution coefficients of Europium as a function of the nature of the hydrotrope used
- Figure 13 shows the distribution coefficients of europium as a function of the acidity of the aqueous phase with two different extractants.
- Figure 14 shows the evolution of the rare earth distribution coefficients as a function of the acidity of the aqueous phase for two different extractants.
- Figure 15 shows the evolution of the uranium distribution coefficient as a function of the concentration of the extractant DEHiBA
- Figure 16 shows the evolution of the uranium distribution coefficient as a function of the concentration of the TOA extractant
- FIG. 17 schematically represents an example of implementation of the recovery process according to the invention designed for the extraction, on an industrial scale, of rare earths and uranium, from a acidic aqueous phase.
- bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and /V,/V'-dimethyl,/V,/V'-dioctylhexylethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA) were used to extract the rare earths while uranium was extracted using di-ethylhexyl-isobutyramide (DEHiBA) or trioctylamine (TOA).
- the extraction of these elements from an aqueous solution of nitric, sulphuric, phosphoric or hydrochloric acid was carried out by bringing a pre-equilibrated aqueous solution containing the element(s) to be extracted into contact with an organic phase.
- [M] org is the concentration of the metallic element M in the organic phase after extraction
- [M] aq is the concentration of the metallic element M in the aqueous phase after extraction.
- EM extraction yield of a metallic element M, denoted EM, from an aqueous phase is determined by the following equation (3):
- [M] or g, and DM have the same meaning as above; while [M] aq , initial is the concentration of the metallic element M in the aqueous phase before extraction; while the selectivity coefficient of a metallic element M1 with respect to a metallic element M2, denoted SMI/M2, is determined by the following equation (4):
- D M1 is the distribution coefficient of the metallic element Ml
- D M2 is the distribution coefficient of the metallic element M2.
- EXAMPLE 1 Separation of lanthanides (La, Nd, Eu, Dv, Er and Yb) according to the method of the invention using an anionic extractant (HDEHP)
- phase consisting of the extractant HDEHP at a concentration fixed at 0.6 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- extraction experiments using conventional solvents were carried out in parallel.
- the isoparaffinic solvent Isane® IP 175 was taken as reference;
- aqueous solutions previously pre-equilibrated with PnP alone comprising 10 mM of europium nitrate hydrated, and 0.03 M or 1 M nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid in a PnP/aqueous phase volume ratio of 3:1.
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an organic phase (Org)/aqueous phase (Aq) (Org/Aq) ratio of 1 (v/v), for lh, at room temperature and under rotary agitation.
- the organic and aqueous phases were then separated by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 20 min.
- the concentrations of europium were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-AES, Spectra Arcos device marketed by AMETEK) and by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with dispersion of energy (EDXR.F - SPECTRO brand device, XEPOS model, marketed by AMETEK).
- FIG. 1 represents the distribution coefficients of Europium, denoted DEU, as a function of the nature of the acid used.
- DEU distribution coefficients of Europium
- the results given by the white bars correspond to the comparative extraction process not in accordance with the invention and carried out with Isane IP 175 as solvent and the hatched bars correspond to the extraction process in accordance with the present invention and produced using PnP as a hydrotropic agent.
- Figure 1(a) shows the case where the concentration of the different acids employed was set at 1 M while Figure 1(b) shows the case where the concentration was set at 0.03 M.
- Figure 1(b) shows that by performing the europium extraction using Isane IP 175 as the solvent and at a concentration of 0.03 M acid, the distribution coefficients increased significantly by compared to Figure 1 (a) and a clear improvement in the extraction is observed in the case of PnP with at least a factor of 2. This is consistent with the literature which does not report, to the knowledge of the inventors, of no study showing the possibility of extracting rare earths from an aqueous phase with an acidity greater than or equal to 1 M with conventional diluents.
- phases comprising, as extracting agent, HDEHP at a concentration fixed at 0.6 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- aqueous solutions comprising lanthanum (La), neodymium (Nd), europium (Eu), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), ytterbium ( Yb) and iron (Fe) at rare earth concentrations of 10 mM each and 30 mM for iron.
- La lanthanum
- Nd neodymium
- Eu europium
- Dy dysprosium
- Er erbium
- Yb ytterbium
- Fe iron
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for lh, at room temperature and with rotary stirring.
- the organic and aqueous phases were then separated by centrifugation at 5000 rpm for 20 minutes.
- concentrations of rare earths and iron were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated above in point 1.1)
- phases comprising, as extracting agent, HDEHP at a concentration fixed at 0.6 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- aqueous solutions comprising 10 mM of europium (Eu) in an acid solution comprising 0.03 Mol/L of nitric acid in ultrapure water (i.e. Milli-Q water, resistivity greater than 18 M ⁇ /cm at 25°C).
- Eu europium
- ultrapure water i.e. Milli-Q water, resistivity greater than 18 M ⁇ /cm at 25°C.
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, at room temperature and under rotary agitation.
- the organic and aqueous phases were then separated by centrifugation at 5000 rpm. for 20 minutes.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated above in point 1.1).
- the results of these tests are shown in the appended FIG. 3 which represents the variation in the europium extraction yield (E in %) as a function of time (in min.).
- the curve with the solid circles corresponds to the experiments carried out using Isane® IP 175 as solvent according to a process not in accordance with the invention and the curve with the solid squares corresponds to the experiments carried out using PnP as of hydrotropic agent according to the process in accordance with the invention.
- the europium extraction kinetics is faster and reaches a yield plateau of 80% after 10 min and 99% after 30 min using PnP according to the process according to the invention whereas it takes twice as long, that is to say 60 min. to obtain this same yield of 99% with the process not in accordance with the invention.
- the viscosity in the organic phase is a crucial parameter on an industrial scale that must be taken into account. To do this, the influence of the concentration of the salts as well as of the extracting agent on the viscosity of the organic phases after extraction was assessed by tests which were carried out in tubes using:
- phases comprising the extractant HDEHP at concentrations ranging from 0.6 mol/L to 2 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- extraction experiments using conventional solvents were carried out in parallel.
- the isoparaffinic solvent Isane® IP 175 was taken as reference;
- aqueous phase aqueous solutions comprising 10 mM of dysprosium (Dy) in an acid solution comprising 0.03 Mol/L of nitric acid in ultrapure water (ie Milli-Q water, of higher resistivity to 18 M ⁇ /cm at 25°C).
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aa ratio of 1 (v/v), for 60 min, at room temperature and with rotary stirring.
- the organic and aqueous phases were then separated by centrifugation at 5000 rpm. for 20 minutes.
- the viscosities of the organic phases were measured at 25° C., before and after extraction using an automated rolling ball viscometer, reference AMVn (Anton Paar Company, Graz, Austria).
- the relative viscosity of the aqueous phase hardly varies with the concentration of dysprosium in the aqueous phase and varies very little according to the concentration of the extractant and does not exceed 1.5 times the viscosity of the organic phase before extraction.
- the viscosity of the organic phase after extraction can increase up to 5 times compared to the viscosity before extraction.
- aqueous solutions comprising europium (Eu) at concentrations ranging from 10 mmol/L to 400 mmol/L in an acid solution comprising 0.03 Mol/L of nitric acid in ultra-pure water (i.e. Milli-Q water, resistivity greater than 18 MQ/cm at 25°C).
- Eu europium
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for 60 min, at room temperature and with rotary stirring.
- the organic and aqueous phases were then separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5000 rpm. for 20 minutes.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated above in point 1.1).
- curves correspond to the extractions carried out with conventional solvents according to methods not in accordance with the invention: curve with the solid n-heptane squares, curve with the solid triangles pointing up: dodecane, curve with the solid triangles pointing down: dodecane + 5% PnP, curve with filled diamonds: isooctane and curve with empty circles: toluene.
- Figure 5 shows that a start of saturation of the europium extraction is observed in the case of heptane, dodecane, isooctane and toluene with a 3rd phase formation for the first three thinners.
- no saturation or 3rd phase was observed for PnP according to the process of the invention, and a load capacity greater than 250 mmol/L can be expected for europium concentrations in the higher aqueous phase. at 400 mmol/L.
- Concerning the n-dodecane+5% PnP mixture the load capacity is less important than in the case where the n-dodecane is completely replaced with PnP. Nevertheless, the 3 rd phase is also avoided in the concentration range tested, even with a quantity of PnP of 5%.
- phases comprising, as extracting agent, HDEHP at concentrations ranging from 0.01 mol/L to 3 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- aqueous solutions comprising 10 mmol/L of europium (Eu) in a solution of nitric acid at concentrations ranging from 0.1 Mol/L to 3mol/L of nitric acid in ultra-pure water (i.e. Milli-Q water, resistivity greater than 18 MQ/cm at 25°C).
- Eu europium
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for 60 min, at room temperature and with rotary agitation, then separated by centrifugation at 5000 rpm. for 20 minutes.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated above in point 1.1)
- FIG. 6 shows the variation of the europium distribution coefficient (DEu,eq) as a function of the initial concentration of HDEHP (CHDEHP, initial) in mol.L' 1 in the organic phase
- figure 6 (b) shows the variation of the europium distribution coefficient (DEu, eq ) as a function of the initial concentration of nitric acid in the aqueous phase (CHNOS, initial) in mol.L' 1 .
- the curves with the solid circles correspond to the extraction carried out using PnP according to the process of the invention
- the curves with the solid squares correspond to the extraction carried out using dodecane according to a process not not part of the invention.
- Figure 6 (a) shows that increasing the concentration of extractant improves the efficiency of the extraction without the appearance of 3 rd for PnP according to the process according to the invention, contrary to what is observed using a conventional solvent, dodecane, according to a method not forming part of the invention.
- Figure 6 (b) shows that the increase in the acidity of the aqueous phase results in a gradual decrease in the extraction of europium by PnP. Beyond 1 mol/L of nitric acid, the values of the distribution coefficient tend towards zero for the extraction process carried out with dodecane while the reduction in the distribution coefficient remains negligible for when the extraction is carried out in presence of PnP. This widens the range of acid concentrations to be used according to the process in accordance with the invention.
- EXAMPLE 2 Process for separating lanthanides: La, Nd, Eu, Dv, Er and Yb according to the process in accordance with the invention using DMDOHEMA as extracting agent
- aqueous solutions previously pre-equilibrated with PnP alone comprising 10 mM of hydrated europium nitrate, 1 M or 3 M of nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric or hydrochloric acid.
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for lh, at room temperature and with rotary stirring, then separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5,000 rpm for 20 min.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated in Example 1 above at point 1.1).
- FIG. 7 represents the distribution coefficients of the Europium, denoted DEu, eq , as a function of the nature of the acid used.
- Figure 7 (a) shows the case where the concentration of the different acids used is fixed at 1 M while in Figure 7 (b), the concentration is fixed at 3 M.
- the white bars correspond to the results obtained implement an extraction process using Isane® IP175 not in accordance with the invention, whereas the hatched bars correspond to the results obtained by implementing an extraction process in accordance with the invention and using PnP.
- Figure 7(b) shows that with Isane® IP 175 as diluent and at 3 M extractant concentration, the distribution coefficients have significantly increased compared to Fig. 7(a) and a clear improvement in extraction is seen in the case of PnP with at least a factor of 2.
- phases comprising the extracting agent DMDOHEMA at a concentration fixed at 0.6 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- aqueous solutions comprising concentrations ranging from 10 mmol/L to 400 mmol/L of europium (Eu) in an acid solution comprising 3 Mol/L of nitric acid in ultrapure water (i.e. Milli-Q water, with a resistivity greater than 18 MQ/cm at 25°C);
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for 60 min, at room temperature and with rotary stirring, then separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5000 rpm for 20 min.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated in Example 1 above at point 1.1).
- phases comprising, as extracting agent, DMDOHEMA at a concentration fixed at 0.6 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- aqueous solutions comprising 10 mM of europium (Eu) in an acid solution comprising 3 Mol/L of nitric acid in ultrapure water (i.e. Milli-Q water, with resistivity greater than 18 M ⁇ /cm at 25°C).
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for 1, 3, 10, 30, 60, 120 or 180 min, at room temperature and under rotary agitation, then separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5000 rpm for 20 min.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated in Example 1 above at point 1.1).
- the europium extraction kinetics is faster and reaches a yield value of 80% after 15 min and a yield plateau of 99% after 60 min using PnP according to the method of the invention.
- EXAMPLE 3 Extraction process in accordance with the invention using two extractants in anionic synergy and solvating f HDEHP and DMDOHEMA) for the separation of lanthanides: Lanthanum, Neodimium, Europium, Dysprosium, Erbium and Ytterbium
- phase phases obtained by dissolving five rare earth salts in oxidation state (III) in the respective forms: La(NO3)3, Nd(N ⁇ 3)3, Eu(N ⁇ 3)3, Dy (N ⁇ 3)3 and Yb(NO3)3, at a rate of 10 mmol/L of each of these salts, in solutions comprising 1 mol/L of nitric acid in ultrapure water (i.e. Milli-Q water, of resistivity greater than 18 M ⁇ /cm at 25°C); And
- phases comprising 0.6 mol/L of an extracting agent in PnP, this extracting agent consisting either solely of DMDOHEMA, or solely of HDEHP, or of a mixture of DMDOHEMA and HDEHP of which the molar ratio of DMDOHEMA relative to HDEHP is varied (from 0 to 1).
- this extracting agent consisting either solely of DMDOHEMA, or solely of HDEHP, or of a mixture of DMDOHEMA and HDEHP of which the molar ratio of DMDOHEMA relative to HDEHP is varied (from 0 to 1).
- the aqueous phases also included 30 mmol/L of iron(III) nitrate.
- the extraction tests were carried out using an aqueous phase/organic phase (Aq/Org) volume ratio of 1 (v/v).
- the aqueous and organic phases were brought into contact for 1 hour at a temperature constant (25°C), after which they were separated from each other by centrifugation (5000 rpm) for 20 minutes at 25°C.
- the concentrations of the rare earths were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated in Example 1 above at point 1.1).
- Figure 10 compares the distribution coefficients of lanthanum (figure 10 (a)) and europium (figure 10 (b)) in the case of PnP (solid squares) and Isane® IP 175 (solid circles) , as a function of the molar fraction X of DMDOHEMA denoted XDMDOHEMA.
- FIG. 11 shows the evolution of the distribution coefficients of the various lanthanides denoted DLn, eq, as a function of the molar fraction X of the extractant agent DMDOHEMA, denoted XDMDOHEMA.
- La curve with solid circles
- Nd curve with solid squares
- Eu curve with solid triangles pointing up
- Dy curve with solid triangles pointing down
- Yb curve with solid diamonds .
- EXAMPLE 4 Extraction of soils according to the process in accordance with the invention and using as hydrotropic agent PnP, DPnP or C5E1:
- phases comprising, as extracting agent, HDEHP at a concentration fixed at 0.6 mol/L diluted in PnP, DPnP or C5E1;
- aqueous solutions previously pre-equilibrated with the hydrotropic agent to be used alone and comprising 10 mM of hydrated europium nitrate and 0.03 M of nitric acid.
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for lh, at room temperature and with rotary stirring, then separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5000 revolutions /min for 20 mins.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated in Example 1 above at point 1.1).
- FIG. 12 represents the distribution coefficients of europium, denoted DEU, as a function of the nature of the hydrotropic agent used.
- DEU the distribution coefficients of europium
- the europium distribution coefficients (ÜEu.eq) are given for each of the hydrotropic agents used: the white bar corresponds to PnP, the bar with diagonal hatching corresponds to DPnP and the bar with vertical hatching corresponds to at C5E1.
- all three hydrotropes are effective for rare earth extraction.
- EXAMPLE 5 Extraction process in accordance with the invention comprising a preliminary leaching step and using weak organic acids for leaching, extraction and back-extraction
- the extraction of europium was carried out under “soft” or “green” conditions, that is to say without using a strong acid.
- phases comprising, as extracting agent, HDEHP or DMDOHEMA at a concentration fixed at 0.6 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- extraction experiments with a conventional diluent were carried out in parallel with dodecane;
- aqueous solutions previously pre-equilibrated with PnP alone and comprising 10 mM of hydrated europium nitrate and 1 M to 6 M of acetic acid.
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for lh, at room temperature and with rotary stirring, then separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5000 revolutions /min for 20 mins.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated in Example 1 above at point 1.1).
- FIG. 13 represents the distribution coefficients of Europium, denoted DEu, eq , as a function of the concentration of acetic acid.
- Figure 13 (a) shows the case where the process was implemented with HDEHP as the extracting agent, whereas in Figure 13 (b), the extracting agent used is DMDOHEMA.
- Figure 14 shows the evolution of the rare earth distribution coefficients (Di_ remplieq) as a function of the initial acidity of the aqueous phase (Cacid, initial in mol.L' 1 ) for two different extracting agents.
- the curves correspond to: solid circles: La; filled squares: Nd; Filled triangles point up: Eu; Solid triangles point down: Dy; and solid diamonds Yb.
- phase comprising, as extracting agent, DEHiBA or TOA at a variable concentration of 0.01 to 2 mol/L diluted in PnP.
- extraction experiments with conventional diluents were carried out in parallel, in particular with dodecane, toluene, TPH and isooctane.
- aqueous phases aqueous solutions previously pre-equilibrated with PnP alone comprising 250 ppm of uranium nitrate or sulphate diluted in 3 M nitric or sulfuric acid.
- the organic and aqueous phases were brought into contact with each other in an Org/Aq ratio of 1 (v/v), for lh, at room temperature and with rotary stirring, then separated by centrifugation at a speed of 5000 revolutions /min for 20 mins.
- the europium concentrations were measured in the aqueous and organic phases thus recovered (ICP-AES and EDXR.F as indicated in Example 1 above at point 1.1).
- Figure 15 represents the distribution coefficients of uranium, noted Du (in mol.L-1) as a function of the concentration of DEHiBA diluted in different solvents (solid circles: TPH, squares solid triangles: dodecane, solid triangles point up: toluene and solid triangles point down: PnP).
- Figure 15 shows that the extraction of uranium is markedly better with PnP without the appearance of a 3 rd phase or an increase in viscosity of the organic phase than with conventional solvents.
- Figure 16 shows the distribution coefficients of uranium (Du,eq) as a function of the concentration of the TOA extractant diluted in different solvents (solid circles: dodecane, solid squares: isooctane, solid triangles pointing upwards: toluene and plain triangles point down: PnP).
- FIG. 16 shows that the extraction of uranium is clearly better with PnP without the appearance of a 3rd phase or an increase in viscosity of the organic phase, whereas with conventional solvents such as dodecane for example, the 3 th phase appeared from a concentration of 0.1 mol/L.
- the extraction process in accordance with the present invention therefore makes it possible to ensure that a third phase accident cannot occur for fundamental reasons, thus avoiding the use of solvent modifiers, but also to increase the safety margins. to criticality accidents compared to current processes.
- EXAMPLE 7 Example of an industrial installation for implementing the extraction process in accordance with the invention
- the installation 1 comprises a tank 2 containing acid aqueous phase 21 loaded with metals, a tank 3 containing a nonionic hydrotropic agent 31, the tanks 2 and 3 supplying respectively via the pipes 211 and 311 a container 4 for mixing the aqueous phase acid 21 charged with metals with hydrotropic agent 31 in order to obtain a balanced acid aqueous phase 41.
- a pipe 412 makes it possible to return nonionic hydrotropic agent to the tank 3.
- the installation 1 also comprises a tank 5 containing an organic phase 51 comprising at least one extracting agent and one nonionic hydrotropic agent.
- a battery of extraction stages 6 comprising several stages (not shown) is supplied in a middle stage with balanced acid aqueous phase 41 via a pipe 411, with organic phase 51 via a pipe 511 at the level of the first stage of the extraction battery and with an aqueous washing solution comprising a nonionic hydrotrope via a pipe 1711 exiting from a reservoir 17 at the level of the last stage of the battery of extraction.
- Each stage of the battery comprises a device for mixing the phases and a device for separating these same phases after contact (not shown).
- the tank 17 is supplied on the one hand with nonionic hydrotropic agent by means of a pipe 1811 coming from a tank of nonionic hydrotropic agent 18 and on the other hand with aqueous washing solution 191 by means of a pipe 1911 coming from a tank of aqueous washing solution 19.
- a pipe 1712 at the outlet of the tank 17 makes it possible to return the nonionic hydrotropic agent to the tank 18.
- the balanced acidic aqueous phase freed at least in part of the elements belonging to the group of rare earths or to the group of actinides is sent to a stripping unit 23 via a line 612.
- the stripping unit 23 makes it possible to recover the nonionic hydrotrope agent contained in said acid phase, said nonionic hydrotrope agent mixed with a solvent 121, preferably composed of a mixture of aliphatic compounds such as Isane.
- the solvent 121 is sent to the tank 13 via a pipe 2311.
- the acidic aqueous phase freed from the nonionic hydrotropic agent (raffinate) is transferred via from a pipe 2312 to a container 24 which can then be drained.
- the installation 1 also comprises a tank 8 containing a back-extraction solution 81 comprising a nonionic hydrotropic agent.
- Reservoir 8 is supplied with an aqueous solution 91 coming from a reservoir 9 via a line 911, as well as with said nonionic hydrotropic agent 101 coming from a reservoir 10 via a line 1011.
- a pipe 812 allows the hydrotropic agent to be returned to the reservoir 10 and a pipe 811 allows the back-extraction battery 7 to be supplied with back-extraction solution 81 at the level of the last stage of the battery.
- the back-extraction solution which comprises at least part of the elements belonging to the group of rare earths or to the group of actinides 71, is transferred into a back-extraction unit 11 via a line 711.
- a tank 12 containing an Isane-type solvent 121 is connected to the tank 11 via a line 1211.
- the introduction of the solvent 121 into the stripping unit 11 makes it possible to recover the nonionic hydrotropic agent contained in the back-extraction solution 81.
- the back-extraction solution stripped of the nonionic hydrotropic agent but loaded with elements belonging to the rare earth group or to the actinide group is sent to a container 20 via a pipe 1112.
- the mixture of the solvent 121 and the nonionic hydrotropic agent is transferred via a pipe 1111 to a reservoir 13 itself connected to a distillation unit 14 via a pipe 1311
- the distillation unit 14 makes it possible to separate the nonionic hydrotrope from the solvent 121.
- the nonionic hydrotrope leaving the distillation unit 14 is recovered in a tank 15 via a pipe 1411 then returned to a tank 16 via a pipe 1511.
- the solvent 121 leaving the distillation unit 14 is itself transferred via a pipe 1412 to the tank 12.
- This tank 12 allows in in addition to supplying the back-extraction unit 23 with solvent is supplied with solvent 121 via a line 1212. belonging to the group of rare earths or to the group of actinides is transferred to the tank 16 via a pipe 712.
- the tank 16 makes it possible to readjust the quantity of nonionic hydrotropic agent of the organic phase before its transfer to the tank 5 via a pipe 1611.
- the elements belonging to the group of rare earths or to the group of actinides contained in the back-extraction solution present in the container 20 can then be recovered by conventional techniques such as for example by precipitation of these elements in said solution.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2111746A FR3128706B1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | Procede d’extraction liquide-liquide de terres rares ou d’actinides via l’association d’un agent hydrotrope co-solvant a des extractants chelatants ou anioniques |
| PCT/EP2022/080663 WO2023078989A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Procede d'extraction liquide-liquide de terres rares ou d'actinides via l'association synergique d'un hydrotrope co-solvant a des extractants chelatants ou anioniques |
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| EP4426647A1 true EP4426647A1 (fr) | 2024-09-11 |
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| EP22817527.9A Pending EP4426647A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-03 | Procede d'extraction liquide-liquide de terres rares ou d'actinides via l'association synergique d'un hydrotrope co-solvant a des extractants chelatants ou anioniques |
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| EP (1) | EP4426647A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024543049A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20240099217A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118176165A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3128706B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023078989A1 (fr) |
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| RU2273507C1 (ru) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-04-10 | Государственное унитарное предприятие Научно-производственное объединение "Радиевый институт им. В.Г. Хлопина" | Экстракционная смесь для извлечения актинидных элементов из кислых растворов (варианты) |
| FR2948385B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-09-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de recuperation selective de l'americium a partir d'une phase aqueuse nitrique |
| FR2948384B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-27 | 2011-09-23 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Augmentation du facteur de separation entre l'americium et le curium et/ou entre des lanthanides dans une operation d'extraction liquide-liquide |
| FR3001961B1 (fr) * | 2013-02-13 | 2015-03-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede sol-gel pour separer des ions metalliques d'une solution aqueuse |
| FR3023847A1 (fr) * | 2014-07-17 | 2016-01-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de separation du palladium des autres elements metalliques presents dans une phase aqueuse nitrique et ses utilisations |
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2021
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2022
- 2022-11-03 WO PCT/EP2022/080663 patent/WO2023078989A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-03 EP EP22817527.9A patent/EP4426647A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-11-03 CN CN202280072742.8A patent/CN118176165A/zh active Pending
- 2022-11-03 KR KR1020247013993A patent/KR20240099217A/ko active Pending
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| JP2024543049A (ja) | 2024-11-19 |
| FR3128706A1 (fr) | 2023-05-05 |
| WO2023078989A1 (fr) | 2023-05-11 |
| FR3128706B1 (fr) | 2025-09-19 |
| CN118176165A (zh) | 2024-06-11 |
| KR20240099217A (ko) | 2024-06-28 |
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