EP4402668A1 - Dispositif a surface reconfigurable, notamment afficheur pour afficher des caracteres braille - Google Patents
Dispositif a surface reconfigurable, notamment afficheur pour afficher des caracteres brailleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4402668A1 EP4402668A1 EP22783540.2A EP22783540A EP4402668A1 EP 4402668 A1 EP4402668 A1 EP 4402668A1 EP 22783540 A EP22783540 A EP 22783540A EP 4402668 A1 EP4402668 A1 EP 4402668A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pin
- waveguide plate
- pins
- plate
- waveguide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B21/00—Teaching, or communicating with, the blind, deaf or mute
- G09B21/001—Teaching or communicating with blind persons
- G09B21/003—Teaching or communicating with blind persons using tactile presentation of the information, e.g. Braille displays
- G09B21/004—Details of particular tactile cells, e.g. electro-mechanical or mechanical layout
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/016—Input arrangements with force or tactile feedback as computer generated output to the user
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device with a reconfigurable surface, in particular a touch-sensitive display, in particular for displaying Braille characters, having a reduced size.
- Each Braille character is represented by a Braille cell that can have 1 to 6 dots.
- a Braille display is made up of several hundred pins with a diameter of around 1.5 mm and a distance of around 2.5 mm.
- the typical height of a Braille dot is around 0.5 mm.
- the holding force of a barb is around 0.15 N.
- the electric current required to activate a pin is relatively high, of the order of 0.7 A, which limits the number of pins that can be actuated simultaneously.
- the current required can be reduced by increasing the size of the magnets, which reduces the density of actuators and therefore of pins.
- maintaining in position requires a continuous power supply to the coils, which is very energy-consuming. It is proposed to add locking devices but these are not described, and in any case the addition of such devices would be cumbersome, complex to implement and would increase the time to pass the pin of a state to another.
- a device with a reconfigurable surface comprising at least one pin mounted to slide through a plate, said pin being capable of assuming at least two positions, and at least one actuator for causing the pin to pass at least d one position to another, means for holding each pin in one of its positions, a plate forming a waveguide interacting with said pin, and a control unit configured to control said at least one actuator in using the method of wave focusing by time reversal, so that it generates a wave in the waveguide localized at the level of the pin, which causes the appearance of an out-of-plane pulse in the waveguide and moving said spike so as to pass it from one position to the other.
- the actuator can be moved away from the pin, in particular it is no longer necessary for it to be aligned with the latter in the vertical direction as is the case in the devices of the state of the art.
- the holding means are bistable, which makes it possible not to require energy to hold the bar in one or the other of the positions.
- the bistable holding means are of the magnetic type, the energy delivered by the actuator is sufficient to move the pin from one stable position to another.
- each pin carries a magnet.
- the bistable holding means are mechanical.
- the holding means are of the electrostatic type.
- the inventors thought of associating the principle of time reversal and a system for maintaining position, the wave generated by time reversal is focused in one or more zones forming a source of mechanical energy giving the impulse change of state and the change of state is assisted and confirmed by the holding means.
- the present invention is all the more advantageous when several pins and several actuators are implemented.
- the actuators can be arranged at a distance from the pins, for example they can be arranged on the edge of the waveguide.
- a number of actuators less than the number of pins is advantageously implemented.
- the size of the actuating means are reduced compared to the devices of the state of the art.
- the pins are activated remotely and several pins can be activated simultaneously.
- the device with a reconfigurable surface forms a tactile display, in particular a display of Braille characters.
- An object of the present application is then a reconfigurable surface device comprising a reconfigurable surface provided with m holes, m being a positive integer at least equal to 1, a plate forming a waveguide, called a waveguide plate, m pins , each pin being slidably mounted in a bore of the reconfigurable surface in a direction orthogonal to the waveguide plate, and capable of assuming a first stable position and a second stable position, at least in the second position, one end of the pin protruding from the reconfigurable surface, at the at least one actuator fixed to the waveguide plate capable of causing an out-of-plane displacement of the waveguide plate, and a control unit configured to control said at least one actuator according to the method of wave focusing by reversal temporal, so that said actuator generates a wave in the waveguide plate located at the level of the at least one pin, which generates a pulse in the waveguide plate and causes said pin to move so as to make it pass to the least from the first position to the second position,
- the holding means are bistable holding means configured so that said pulse causes the transition from one stable state to the other stable state.
- the bistable holding means are such that they exert a return force maintaining the pin in the first position and a return force maintaining the pin in the second position.
- the waveguide plate is provided with m holes, each hole in the waveguide plate being aligned with a hole in the reconfigurable surface, each pin being slidably mounted in a hole in the reconfigurable surface and a hole in the plate waveguide.
- the spike comprises a first shoulder configured to bear against the waveguide plate in the first position and a second shoulder configured to bear against the waveguide plate in the second position.
- the bistable holding means comprise either at least one magnet secured to the pin and a waveguide plate made of ferromagnetic material, or at least one magnet secured to the waveguide plate and an element made of ferromagnetic material. ferromagnetic integral with the pin.
- the first and second shoulders can be carried by permanent magnets and the waveguide plate is made of ferromagnetic material.
- the first and second shoulders are carried by elements made of material ferromagnetic and the waveguide plate carries permanent magnets or is a permanent magnet.
- the bistable holding means are mechanical.
- the holding means are electrostatic, at least the second shoulder forming an electrode and the plate carrying the reconfigurable surface forms an electrode.
- said at least one actuator is able to generate bending waves or Lamb waves in the waveguide plate.
- the reconfigurable surface device comprises several actuators distributed over the edges of the waveguide plate.
- Another object of the present application is a touch-sensitive display comprising a device with a reconfigurable surface according to the invention, in which the reconfigurable surface is a touch-sensitive display surface and the device comprises a plurality of pins.
- the pins when they are in their second position, do not protrude from the display surface, said display forming a Braille area.
- Another object of the present application is a touch display method on a touch display according to the invention, comprising several pins, said method comprising:
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to a first embodiment
- Figure 2 is a top view of a waveguide plate provided with actuators that can be implemented in the present invention
- Figure 3A is a graphical representation of the potential energy in mJ of a pin of the device of Figure 1 as a function of its position in the Z direction,
- Figure 3B is a graphical representation of the restoring force in N applied to a pin of the device of Figure 1 as a function of its position in the Z direction,
- Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of a touch display according to the first embodiment
- Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to the first embodiment
- Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to the first embodiment
- Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to the first embodiment
- Figure 8 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to the first embodiment
- Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of another embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to the first embodiment
- Figure 10 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of an embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to a second embodiment
- FIG. 11A is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of an exemplary embodiment of a reconfigurable surface device according to a third embodiment
- Figure 11B is a schematic representation of a variant of the device of Figure 11A.
- Figure 12 is a transcription of the letter d in Braille
- Figure 13 is a schematic representation of a view in longitudinal section of a variant of the device of Figure 1.
- the following description will relate more particularly to a touch display, in particular a touch display forming a Braille display, but the present application relates more generally to a device with a reconfigurable surface as will be described below.
- touch display according to the invention can be used to display images or any other content by touch.
- the display comprises a display surface 2 or reading surface carried by a plate 4.
- the display has a rectangular shape but this shape is not limiting and any other shape such as circular or oval, or any other form does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
- Plate 4 has a plurality of holes 6 normal to plate 4.
- the display has pins 8, each pin 8 being slidably mounted in a hole 6 along a direction Z normal to plate 4.
- the display also comprises a waveguide (FIG. 2) formed by a plate 10 of ferromagnetic material pierced with as many holes 12 as holes 6, each hole 12 being aligned with a hole 6 in the Z direction.
- Each pin 8 is slidably mounted both in a hole 6 and in a hole 12.
- each pin 8 is configured to take two stable positions, a first position called the low position, in which the pin does not project from the reading surface, and a second position called the high position, in which the pin projects. of the reading surface.
- the plate 10 has in the example shown and preferably the same external dimensions as the plate 4.
- the display comprises at least one actuator Al, preferably several actuators Al, A2, A3...An fixed on the waveguide.
- the actuators are fixed along the edges of the waveguide plate, which makes it possible to leave the entire central zone free for the pins.
- the actuators are not arranged on the axes of symmetry of the waveguide plate, which is favorable to obtaining precise focusing of the waves.
- the actuators can be piezoelectric actuators, for example made of piezoelectric ceramic.
- the actuators are electromagnetic.
- the actuators are such that they are able to generate waves causing an out-of-plane displacement of the waveguide, typically these are bending waves or Lamb waves, for example the Lamb mode AO.
- the display also comprises a control unit UC configured to control the actuators so that they focus the waves generated at given points by the method of focusing by time reversal, the principle of which is described in the document C. Hudin, J. Lozada, and V. Hayward, 'Localized Tactile Feedback on a Transparent Surface through Time-Reversal Wave Focusing', IEEE Transactions on Haptics, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 188-198, Apr. 2015.
- the control unit is connected to the actuators for example by electric wires.
- each actuator is driven with a signal corresponding to the impulse response between this actuator and the focal point.
- the principle of wave time reversal is based on the invariance of the wave propagation equation by time reversal and on the principle of reciprocity.
- the displacement is thus the result of the integral of the product of two functions which are a priori not correlated, the result of which is therefore of zero mean.
- the contrast is defined as the ratio between the displacement at the focal point at time T and the standard deviation of this displacement at any point b. It is obtained by the relation:
- T the duration of the reversal window
- T the vibration attenuation time constant in the plate
- T c the characteristic time of the plate or modal density of the plate in seconds, or mode clean by Hz
- B fmax ⁇ fmtn the bandwidth, in hertz, of the signals emitted by the actuators.
- the successive focusings are repeated with a period T r > T.
- the average frequency of the signals defines the maximum resolution achievable by the relationship:
- a database of the impulse responses returned at different points or areas of the surface located under the pins is then produced by calibration, this database is used to generate the signals sent to the actuators. It may be envisaged not to produce a database of the points under all the pins, and to determine the impulse responses between the points of the database, for example by interpolation, which makes it possible to reduce the time for carrying out the database and its size.
- the amplitude of the pulse under each pin depends on the effective driving voltage and the number of pins actuated simultaneously. A high power makes it possible to switch several pins simultaneously.
- the focusing task can be larger than the section of a pin, but the maximum speed of movement of the waveguide plate is located under the pin to be activated, only this pin will be activated. The velocity of the waveguide plate outside the maximum velocity region decreases rapidly. For a spatial resolution equal to twice the distance between two pins, the pins adjacent to the pin to be activated have a speed of the order of 50% of the speed of the pin to be activated. They are then not activated.
- the waveguide plate can be such as to favor the chaotic nature of wave propagation in the plate by giving it a complex geometry combining straight edges and curved edges, avoiding axes of symmetry and maintaining the plate unevenly.
- actuators Al, . . . An are controlled to focus the waves which they generate in the waveguide at the level of the holes 12 in which the pins are mounted.
- Actuators can focus their waves at one or more points on the waveguide.
- the control unit generates its commands to the actuators on the basis of a digital display content, for example a page of a book. It translates this content into pins to be actuated and into pulse locations to be generated in the waveguide plate.
- the pins 8 are configured to be sensitive to localized out-of-plane movements caused by the control of the actuators.
- the pins 8 are all of similar structure, a single pin will be described in detail.
- the pin 8 comprises a permanent magnet 14 of cylindrical shape of revolution of diameter such that it slides in the bore 12 and is guided by the latter.
- the axis of the magnet is oriented in the Z direction.
- the poles of the magnet are located at the longitudinal ends of the magnet.
- the spike 8 also has a first shoulder 16 and a second shoulder 18, the shoulders 16, 18 being located on either side of the waveguide plate 10.
- the first shoulder 16 is oriented so that it is resting on a first face of the waveguide facing the plate 4 when the pin is in its first position.
- the second shoulder 18 is oriented so that it rests on a second face of the waveguide opposite the first face, when the pin is in its second position.
- pin 8 has an end 8.1 intended to project from the reading surface.
- the bore 6 has a diameter smaller than that of the bore 12, the diameter of the end 8.1 is smaller than that of the magnet.
- the end 8.1 of the pin and the magnet have the same diameter.
- first shoulder 16 and the second shoulder 18 are attached to the longitudinal ends of the magnet.
- Az corresponds to the displacement along Z of the pin between the low and high positions.
- the positions of the first and second shoulders are non-equilibrium positions PHE1, PHE2 such that the restoring force exerted by the magnet on the pin presses the first shoulder 16 or the second shoulder 18 on the first face or the second face of the waveguide 10 respectively.
- the energy required to pass from one state to the other designated AE in FIG. 3A, is therefore lower.
- the restoring force F in N generated by the magnet can be seen represented as a function of the position of the magnet along the direction Z in mm.
- the first shoulder 16 or the second shoulder 18 is pressed against the first or the second face of the waveguide 10 respectively.
- the pin 8 in the low position the pin 8 is at a position z of approximately ⁇ 1.7 mm and the magnet exerts a return force of approximately ⁇ 3.2 N. In the high position, the pin 8 is at a position z of approximately 1.7 mm and the magnet exerts a restoring force of approximately 3.2 N.
- the passage from one stable position to another is obtained by the kinetic energy provided by the impulse of the out-of-plane deformation of the waves focused in the waveguide under the pin concerned.
- the kinetic energy transmitted is determined so as to be greater than the potential barrier AFbetween the two positions of the pin.
- the control unit UC controls the actuators so as to focus the waves on one or more zones of the waveguide located under the pins.
- control unit UC controls the actuators so that they generate a pulse directed upwards or downwards to cause the pin to pass from a high position to a low position and vice versa.
- the cooperation of the magnet and the ferromagnetic plate forms bistable holding means which ensure holding in position without supplying energy, which is particularly suitable for a portable touch display.
- the invention allows a refresh rate compatible with the Braille display.
- the focusing time is of the order of a few milliseconds.
- the bistable system is for example dimensioned to obtain an extrusion Az of the pin between about 0.5 mm and about 1 mm and a holding force of the order of 0.15 N.
- the center distance between two adjacent dots is of the order of 2.7 mm
- the distance between the axes of two pins is then chosen of the order of 2.7 mm. Thanks to the invention, since the actuators are not under each pin, such a relative arrangement of the pins is easily attainable.
- the present invention can be applied to the display of other elements, for example contours or images, in this case the distances between pins can be greater or lesser. It may be envisaged to produce a touch display comprising pins whose center distance is 1.3 mm. When images are displayed, all or part of the pins can be activated and when characters are to be displayed, one pin out of two is activated to find the display standards for Braille writing.
- Actuation by focusing by time reversal makes it possible to actuate the desired pin(s) without affecting the others. So in the case of a Braille writing each of the six pins of a character can be activated independently without the risk of accidentally activating a neighboring pin.
- any pin can be activated remotely from a reduced set of actuators.
- the number of actuators is independent of the number of points of the matrix of pins, nevertheless this number is linked to the power necessary for the actuation of a pin and to the desired refresh rate. It is conceivable to produce a device with a single actuator and several pins.
- FIGS. 4 to 11 various displays can be seen represented comprising at least two pins, one of the pins being in the low position and the other pin being in the high position.
- FIG. 4 another example of a touch display according to the first embodiment can be seen.
- the single permanent magnet 14 of each pin 108 is replaced by two magnets 114.1, 114.2 separated by an element of non-magnetic material 115.
- the magnet 114.1 is in contact with the first shoulder 116
- the magnet 114.2 is in contact with the second shoulder 118.
- the mass of the pins is thus reduced, which reduces the activation energy compared to the display of figure 1.
- the operation is similar to that of the display of figure 1.
- the restoring force is exerted either mainly between the magnet 114.1 and the waveguide plate 110, or mainly between the magnet 114.2 and the waveguide plate 110.
- FIG. 5 another example of a display can be seen according to the first embodiment, in which the pins 208.1, 208.2 each comprise two magnets, 214.1, 214.2, one 214.1 being placed between the waveguide 210 ferromagnetic and the plate carrying the reading surface 204, the other 214.2 being located on the other side of the waveguide plate 210.
- the magnets are for example ring-shaped.
- wedges 215.1, 215.2 of non-magnetic material are in contact with the face of each magnet oriented towards a face of the waveguide plate 210, which makes it possible to reduce the force of attraction between each magnet and the ferromagnetic plate. A barb without a wedge or with only a wedge does not go beyond the scope of this application.
- Each pin 308 comprises a rod 320 slidably mounted in the waveguide plate. wave and in the plate 304.
- Each rod has transverse extensions 322, 324 carrying the first and second shoulders. The transverse extensions are made of ferromagnetic material.
- the waveguide plate 310 carries magnets for each pin 308
- the waveguide plate can be made of a material other than a ferromagnetic material.
- FIG. 7 another embodiment of a touch display according to the first embodiment can be seen.
- the magnet 414 is carried by the pin 408 and is located at the longitudinal end of the pin located opposite the end intended to project from the reading surface.
- the display comprises, in addition to the plate carrying the reading surface and the waveguide plate 410, a ferromagnetic structure 426 parallel to the waveguide plate and located opposite the plate 404 by relative to the waveguide plate 410.
- the ferromagnetic structure 426 comprises two ferromagnetic plates 428 separated by a non-magnetic material 430.
- the structure comprises holes 432 aligned with the holes 412 of the waveguide plate 410 and in each of which is slidably mounted the end of a pin comprising the magnet.
- Each spike has two transverse extensions 422, 424.
- the magnet 414 tends to align itself with one or the other of the ferromagnetic plates 428 and to exert a restoring force.
- the pin 408 is in the low position, the magnet 414 is aligned with the lower plate 428, and the transverse extension 422 is pressed against the first face of the waveguide plate 410.
- the pin 408 is moved upwards, the magnet is attracted by the ferromagnetic plate 428, the pin 408 passes is in the high position (position of the pin on the right in figure 7).
- the waveguide plate is preferably made of a material other than a ferromagnetic material.
- each shield has the shape of a ferromagnetic blade separating the magnets without touching the waveguide plate. These shields are used to channel the magnetic flux of the magnets so as to limit interference between them.
- FIG. 8 one can see another embodiment of a touch display according to the first embodiment reducing the interactions between the magnets.
- the entire waveguide 510 is made of a material forming a permanent magnet, the magnetization being oriented in the Z direction.
- This example is similar to that of FIG. 6, in which the magnets were attached to the wave guide plate.
- This exemplary embodiment has the advantage of eliminating the interactions between the magnets of the various bistable means.
- transverse extension 522 of the pin 508 does not come into abutment against the plate 504 in the high position, the abutment is ensured only by the transverse extension 524.
- the transverse extensions 522 and 524 enter in contact simultaneously with the plate 504 and the permanent magnet respectively, nevertheless this requires a rigorous adjustment.
- the permanent magnet 614 is formed by a separate plate from the waveguide 610 and is placed opposite the plate 604 with respect to the waveguide.
- the pins 608 include a transverse extension 624 at the longitudinal end 608.2 opposite the longitudinal end 608.1 intended to project from the display surface.
- the transverse extension 624 is made of ferromagnetic material, so as to exert a downward restoring force.
- the transverse extension 622 forming the first shoulder is made of non-magnetic material, which does not generate any restoring force between this shoulder and the magnet, pressing the transverse extension 622 against the upper face of the waveguide plate 610.
- a mechanical biasing means 634 such as a coil spring, is mounted between the plate 604 and the transverse extension 622 exerting an upward biasing force, pressing the transverse extension 624 against the underside of the guide plate. wave 610.
- the spring is sized to exert a restoring force close to that exerted between a transverse extension made of ferromagnetic material and the magnet.
- FIG. 10 one can see another embodiment of a display according to a second embodiment in which the bistable hold is obtained by mechanical means.
- the display includes pins 708 each having first and second shoulders carried by transverse extensions 722, 724, a waveguide plate 710 and a plate 704 carrying the reading surface.
- the pins cross the waveguide, the two transverse extensions 722, 724 being located on either side of the waveguide plate 710, the pins also cross the plate 704.
- the display comprises bistable holding means comprising a membrane 736 disposed between the waveguide plate 710 and the plate 704 and traversed by the pins 708.
- the membrane is not interposed between the first shoulder and the waveguide plate.
- the spikes are integral in movement with the membrane.
- the membrane has regions configured to exhibit two stable states.
- the membrane may be comprised of a plurality of curved elements 738 having two foil-like stable states.
- Such elements 738 are described in ⁇ Asher, E. Benjamin, L. Medina, R. G Hat, and 5. Krylov, "Bistable Micro Caps Fabricated by Sheet Metal Forming", J. Micromech. Microeng., vol. 30, no. 6, p. 065002, Apr. 2020.
- the pulse or impact delivered by the waveguide 710 causes the transition from a state having one curvature to another state having an opposite curvature.
- the display comprises a single electrode 840 fixed under the plate 804 and individual electrodes 842 fixed to each of the pins and also forming the first shoulder and the second shoulder.
- An electrical insulating layer 844 covers electrode 840 to prevent a short circuit between electrode 840 and one or more electrodes 842.
- a first potential is applied to electrode 840.
- the electrode 842 of the pin 808 which it is desired to move is placed at a second potential.
- a mechanical impulse is exerted by the waveguide plate 810 on the pin 808 via the electrode 842 causing the upward movement of the pin whose movement is assisted by the electrostatic attraction force between the electrode 840 and electrode 842.
- Electrode 842 comes into contact with insulating layer 844 and the pin is held in the high position by electrostatic attraction.
- Each electrode 842 can be polarized separately, which allows individual actuation of the pins.
- electrode 840 can be replaced with individual electrodes.
- holding in the up position requires a power supply.
- FIG. 11B an alternative embodiment of the display of FIG. 11A can be seen in which the waveguide plate 810′ does not include any drilling, the electrode 842 resting on the waveguide. Each pin is then guided in translation only by the hole in the plate 804. Indeed, the return to the low position being obtained by gravity, no pulse is to be transmitted by the waveguide to the pin by cooperation between a shoulder and the underside of the waveguide.
- the time reversal focusing method is particularly effective when the propagation medium is complex, which is the case in the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 11A, in which the waveguide plate is pierced and loaded with pins which diffract waves.
- the low position of the pins corresponds to a completely retracted position of the pins, i.e. not protruding from the reading surface. It will be understood that a spike protruding from the display surface regardless of its position does not depart from the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the different pins can protrude from the reading surface with different heights.
- the device according to the invention can be used to display tactile images and not only characters in Braille writing.
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- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109555A FR3127066B1 (fr) | 2021-09-13 | 2021-09-13 | Dispositif a surface reconfigurable, notamment afficheur pour afficher des caracteres braille |
| PCT/FR2022/051709 WO2023037084A1 (fr) | 2021-09-13 | 2022-09-12 | Dispositif a surface reconfigurable, notamment afficheur pour afficher des caracteres braille |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4402668A1 true EP4402668A1 (fr) | 2024-07-24 |
Family
ID=79170916
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22783540.2A Pending EP4402668A1 (fr) | 2021-09-13 | 2022-09-12 | Dispositif a surface reconfigurable, notamment afficheur pour afficher des caracteres braille |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240355226A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4402668A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3127066B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023037084A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2399555A1 (fr) * | 1977-08-05 | 1979-03-02 | Tretiakoff Oleg | Dispositif d'actionnement par effet piezo-electrique |
| EP0784841B1 (fr) * | 1993-08-04 | 1998-10-07 | CARETEC GmbH | Dispositif pour la representation d'elements en relief changeants |
| TWI463359B (zh) * | 2010-11-09 | 2014-12-01 | Univ Nat Chiao Tung | 應用時間反轉法之觸控面板之定位及力回饋方法 |
| FR2991791B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-06 | 2014-08-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Interface de stimulation tactile par retournement temporel |
| FR3065547B1 (fr) * | 2017-04-24 | 2019-07-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Interface a retournement temporel generant une lubrification acoustique |
| FR3087935B1 (fr) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-05-14 | Moving Magnet Tech | Actionneur bistable unipolaire de type balistique |
-
2021
- 2021-09-13 FR FR2109555A patent/FR3127066B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-09-12 EP EP22783540.2A patent/EP4402668A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-09-12 WO PCT/FR2022/051709 patent/WO2023037084A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-09-12 US US18/691,362 patent/US20240355226A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240355226A1 (en) | 2024-10-24 |
| WO2023037084A1 (fr) | 2023-03-16 |
| FR3127066B1 (fr) | 2023-09-08 |
| FR3127066A1 (fr) | 2023-03-17 |
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