EP4400232A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines warmgeschmiedeten elements - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines warmgeschmiedeten elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4400232A1
EP4400232A1 EP22866997.4A EP22866997A EP4400232A1 EP 4400232 A1 EP4400232 A1 EP 4400232A1 EP 22866997 A EP22866997 A EP 22866997A EP 4400232 A1 EP4400232 A1 EP 4400232A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hot
forging
heat
resistant insulation
temperature
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22866997.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoji Yamashita
Chuya Aoki
Shinichi Kobayashi
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Proterial Ltd
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Proterial Ltd
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Publication of EP4400232A1 publication Critical patent/EP4400232A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/003—Selecting material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J3/00—Lubricating during forging or pressing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a hot-forged member, and in particular, relates to a method for manufacturing a hot-forged member made of an alloy with poor workability.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2014-508857 A discloses that a glass coating is applied to a material for hot forging to prevent thermal cracking. As a method of coating with glass, a glass woven fabric and glass particles are arranged in sequence on the material for hot forging. This Patent Document 1 also discloses a conventional technique of enclosing the material for hot forging in a metal alloy can before hot working.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2014-508857 A
  • Patent Document 1 As illustrated in the Examples, a glass woven fabric is wound around a material for hot forging at room temperature, an inorganic slurry is then applied onto the surface of the glass woven fabric, and the material is heated to a hot forging temperature in that state to form a glass coating layer.
  • This method is certainly effective in suppressing a drop in temperature from the removal of the material for hot forging from a furnace to the start of hot forging.
  • the glass woven fabric itself has a heat insulating effect, it takes a long time to heat up to the forging temperature, and the method of wrapping the entire material in glass woven fabric, as illustrated in Figure 3 of Patent Documents 1, has a disadvantage of making it difficult to determine the temperature of the material for hot forging itself.
  • Typical alloys for which hot workability deteriorates as a result of a drop in temperature before the start of hot forging or during the hot forging of the material for hot forging heated to the hot forging temperature are Ni-base alloys and Ti alloys containing a ⁇ ' phase (gamma prime phase) in an amount of 20% by volume, are known as poor workability alloys. Since these poor workability alloys are excellent in high-temperature strength, they are used in aircraft parts and power generation equipment parts.
  • the Ni-based alloys containing ⁇ ' in an amount of 20% by volume are considered for use at a higher temperature.
  • the hot forging temperature affects the occurrence of defects such as cracks and flaws, and in particular, some high ⁇ '-containing Ni-base alloys have a limited temperature range in which hot forging is possible. Because it is important to achieve both hot workability and prevention of defects such as cracks, a method for efficient hot forging, while preventing cracks during hot forging, is required.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a hot-forged member, the method enabling efficient hot forging while preventing defects such as cracks even when a poor workability alloy is used as a material for hot forging.
  • the present invention has been devised in view of the problem described above.
  • the present invention is a method for manufacturing a hot-forged member, including:
  • the hot forging step is open-die forging, and the heat-resistant insulation material is bonded to at least a part of a surface of a free deformation portion of a material for forging that is not in contact with any of the die, anvil, or tool in the open-die forging.
  • glass particles may be adhered to a surface of the heat-resistant insulation material to which the material for forging is to be bonded.
  • the heat-resistant insulation material is an inorganic fiber.
  • the present invention it is possible to perform efficient hot forging while preventing defects such as cracks even when a poor workability alloy is used as a material for hot forging.
  • the term "unheated material” as described below refers to a material before being charged into a furnace;
  • the term “material for forging” refers to a material heated to a hot forging temperature in the furnace;
  • the term “material to be hot forged” refers to a material having a heat-resistant insulation material bonded to a predetermined portion thereof that has been prepared for hot forging;
  • the term “hot-forged member” refers to a forming member that has been formed into a predetermined shape using a hot forging machine.
  • the unheated material to be hot forged is heated to a hot forging temperature in a furnace.
  • the unheated material is not particularly limited to an ingot, a billet, a preform, a powder compact, or the like, the material most capable of demonstrating the effect of the present invention is, for example, an ingot and a billet that are formed into the desired shape by open-die forging.
  • This unheated material is heated to a hot forging temperature in the furnace.
  • the temperature of heating varies depending on properties of the unheated material and may be, for example, 950 to 1180°C for a Ni-based alloy, and 1010 to 1180°C for a high ⁇ '-containing Ni-based alloy.
  • the hot forging temperature may be set at a temperature roughly 5 to 100°C higher than a forging temperature at the start of hot forging (forging start temperature).
  • the unheated material is composed of Ni-based heat resistant superalloys
  • most of the alloys contain Cr in the range of 10 to 35% by mass.
  • the oxygen concentration in the furnace is preferably controlled to be 10% or less for the purpose of suppressing reaction of Cr with oxygen in the furnace during the heating step. It is preferably 8% or less.
  • the surface roughness of this unheated material should be rougher than that of a normal finish.
  • a small space is formed between the heat-resistant insulation material and the material for forging, and the air in the space is expected to function as a heat insulation layer.
  • the glass lubricant easily remains on irregularities of the surface of the unheated material.
  • a surface skin as cast or plastic worked is also acceptable, but in the case of alloys with poor workability, cracking or other defects may occur on the surface due to the influence of additive elements or the like. Thus, surface defects that may cause cracks at the time of hot forging of such alloys should be eliminated by machining.
  • the surface of the unheated material is preferable to machine the surface of the unheated material to a roughness equal to or greater than that of the normal finish for a portion (i.e., a portion coated with the glass lubricant) of the surface to which the heat-resistant insulation material is to be bonded in the next step.
  • the unheated material is heated to the hot forging temperature, and the heat-resistant insulation material is bonded to at least a predetermined portion of a part of the surface of the material for forging removed from the furnace to form a material to be hot forged.
  • the portion to be bonded may be a part of the surface or the entire surface. To decide where on this surface of the material for forging the heat-resistant insulation material should be bonded, one of the following two methods should be considered.
  • the first method is to preferentially prevent a drop in temperature in portions in which cracks are expected. If the time required to bond the heat-resistant insulation material to the forging material is long, the temperature of the material for forging may become low, which may deteriorate its hot forgeability. Therefore, it is preferable to bond the heat-resistant insulation material to its surface to the minimum extent necessary within a time that does not impair hot forgeability.
  • the heat-resistant insulation material may be bonded to a surface in contact with the lower die (lower anvil or lower tool), or if the material has a polygonal column shape, the heat-resistant insulation material may be bonded to an area including the edge portions. If the material has a cylindrical shape, the heat-resistant insulation material may be bonded to its side face. That is, the heat-resistant insulation material should be bonded including locations where defects such as cracks are likely to occur due to hot forging. This method is useful, particularly for a high ⁇ '-containing Ni-based alloy, which is known as a poor workability alloy.
  • the second method is to bond the heat-resistant insulation material to at least a part of the surface of a free deformation portion of a material for forging.
  • This method for example, is mainly intended to reduce a drop in temperature of portions that are not in contact with an upper die (upper anvil or upper tool) or the lower die (lower anvil or lower tool) in a case in which hot forging is open-die forging because they are in a state of being cooled in the air.
  • This method can contribute to reduction in flaws (cracks), for example, in alloys having a wide temperature range in which hot forging is possible, such as Alloy 718 and Waspaloy, since heating temperatures can be sustained.
  • This bonding of the heat-resistant insulation material reduces the precipitation of fine ⁇ ' accompanying the drop in temperature of the material to be hot forged and can also promote the recrystallization of a surface layer of the material to be hot forged, thereby reducing the occurrence of defects such as cracks, for example, even in the case of the high ⁇ '-containing Ni-based alloy, which is known as a poor workability alloy.
  • glass lubricant present between the heat-resistant insulation material and a bonding surface of the material for forging to which the insulation material is bonded.
  • the glass lubricant at this point is to function primarily as a "bonding agent". There are two methods for achieving this, each of which will be described below.
  • the first method is to perform a "glass lubricant coating step". This is a step included in the present invention.
  • the glass lubricant coating step further includes a step of coating a glass lubricant in advance on at least a portion of the surface of the unheated material to which the heat-resistant insulation material is to be bonded. Since the glass lubricant can act as a heat retaining agent after the heating, it is useful, particularly in a case in which a poor workability alloy is hot forged.
  • the glass lubricant to function as a "bonding agent" between the bonding surface of the material for forging and the heat-resistant insulation material described above, is required to develop a predetermined viscosity when it is heated to the environmental temperature in the heat-resistant insulation material bonding step rather than when it is at a lower temperature (i.e., during the glass lubricant coating step).
  • the above environmental temperature can be used as the "hot forging temperature" in the heating step, assuming the surface temperature of the material for forging when removed from the furnace in the heat-resistant insulation material bonding step. Therefore, the viscosity of the glass lubricant can be taken as the viscosity at the above hot forging temperature, and this viscosity measurement can be carried out by selecting from the following two methods.
  • One method is to calculate the viscosity from amplitude of vibration when a thin flat plate is immersed in molten glass and vibrated, followed by measurement of the viscosity while lowering the temperature from high-temperature ranges of low viscosity.
  • the other method is to calculate the viscosity by the height and deformation rate of a solidified cylindrical sample when the sample is pressed with parallel plates, followed by measurement of the viscosity while increasing the temperature from low-temperature ranges of high viscosity.
  • the glass lubricant according to the present invention has the above viscosity in the heat-resistant insulation material bonding step, no particular specification is required for its component constitution, and it can be selected from, for example, existing ones.
  • the second method is to adhere glass particles to the surface of the heat-resistant insulation material to be bonded to the material for forging and then bond the heat-resistant insulation material in a predetermined location.
  • This is a method that can be selectively employed in the present invention. Since this method involves the bonding of the glass particles by softening them with the heat retained on the surface of the material for forging, it is useful to apply to hot forging of a Ni-based heat resistant superalloy or the like that requires high hot forging temperatures.
  • examples of methods of adhering glass particles to the heat-resistant insulation material include a method of sprinkling the glass particles on the surface of the heat-resistant insulation material to be bonded to the material for forging and a method of preparing a liquid containing glass particles and then applying or spraying the liquid (spray application).
  • the method of applying or spraying (spray application) the liquid is selected, the heat-resistant insulation material to which the glass particles are adhered should be dried.
  • the method of spraying the liquid is particularly preferred because it allows the glass particles to adhere uniformly to the surface of the heat-resistant insulation material to be bonded to the material for forging.
  • glass lubricant coating step may be employed in combination with the “method of adhering glass particles to the surface of the heat-resistant insulation material to be bonded to the material for forging".
  • the heat-resistant insulation material is preferably an inorganic fiber.
  • the "inorganic fiber” as used herein includes a glass fiber, a ceramic fiber, or the like, and it is preferable to select a ceramic fiber, which has excellent heat insulation properties.
  • ceramic fibers KAOWOOL ® (hereinafter, referred to as "Kaowool”), for example, is particularly preferred because it is easily available and is inexpensive.
  • KAOWOOL ® hereinafter, referred to as "Kaowool”
  • the heat-resistant insulation material is inorganic fibers, even if the surface roughness of the material for forging is somewhat rough, it is easy to bond the fibers along the surface shape thereof in combination with the effect as bonding agent by the glass lubricant.
  • the fibers are easily captured in irregularities of the surface of the material for forging and are also lightweight, it is also easy to bond the heat-resistant insulation material to the side faces of the material for forging, for example.
  • Kaowool when Kaowool is bonded to at least a part of the surface of the material for forging removed from the furnace, as in the present invention, the Kaowool is maintained as it is at the early stage of hot forging, and the drop in temperature of the material to be hot forged can also be suppressed during hot forging.
  • Kaowool When Kaowool is arranged before being charged into the furnace, as in a conventional example, it becomes easily crushed at the time of transfer for hot forging, although this depends on the relationship between the temperature and time.
  • the aforementioned material to be hot forged is used here.
  • a part or all of the material to be hot forged is compression-formed into a predetermined shape using any of a die, an anvil, and a tool.
  • a forging machine to be used is preferably a large hot forging machine with a forging load of several thousand tons or more capable of forming even poor workability alloys into predetermined shape.
  • the hot forging step is preferably open-die forging.
  • the material to be hot forged is heavy, has a large area to dissipate heat into the air, and has a large working amount. Therefore, the heat-resistant insulation material is bonded to the material, resulting in a significant effect in suppressing the drop in temperature of the material to be hot forged.
  • the heat-resistant insulation material to at least a part of a surface of a free deformation portion of a material for forging that is not in contact with any of the die, anvil, or tool in the open-die forging.
  • Alloy 718 (18.5% by mass of Cr) and Waspaloy (19.5% by mass of Cr)
  • a high ⁇ '-containing Ni-based alloy containing approximately 49.5% by volume of the ⁇ ' phase with 13.5% by mass of Cr, 25.0% by mass of Co, 2.8% by mass of Mo, 1.2% by mass of W, 6.2% by mass of Ti, 2.3% by mass of Al, 0.015% by mass of C, 0.015% by mass of B, 0.03% by mass of Zr, and the balance being Ni and inevitable impurities (hereinafter referred to as Alloy A) was prepared as an unheated material.
  • the unheated materials were all ingots machined to a predetermined size, and each of the surfaces had a surface roughness equivalent to rough finishing. Note that to perform upset forging by hot open-die forging, the unheated materials having an LID of 3 or less were used.
  • the unheated materials Prior to the heating step, as a glass lubricant coating step, the unheated materials were coated with a glass lubricant at a thickness of approximately 50 to 200 ⁇ m on end faces on opposite sides thereof (surfaces in contact with an anvil or a tool) at the point of the temperature of the material below 200°C (glass lubricant coating step).
  • the viscosity of the glass lubricant used was measured with a vibrational viscometer according to the procedure described above, the viscosities at 1100°C and 1150°C (i.e., the following hot forging temperature) were 1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa ⁇ s and 3 ⁇ 10 3 Pa ⁇ s, respectively.
  • This unheated material was heated to a predetermined hot forging temperature in a furnace (heating step).
  • the oxygen concentration at such a point was controlled to be 2 to 8%.
  • the temperature of heating (hot forging temperature) was 1100°C for Alloy A and Alloy 718, and 1150°C for Waspaloy, and the holding time was 2 to 9 hours.
  • the time required to raise the temperature to the hot forging temperature was approximately 8 hours, which indicates that the temperature could rise to the predetermined one at least 10 hours sooner than in a conventional example in which the entire surface was wrapped in the heat-resistant insulation material.
  • a heat-resistant insulation material 11 was bonded to surfaces of the end faces on opposite sides of a material for forging 1 removed from the furnace with a manipulator to form a material to be hot forged 2 (heat-resistant insulation material bonding step).
  • the heat-resistant insulation material was Kaowool (inorganic fiber), which was bonded to the surface in contact with an anvil or a tool, as illustrated in Figure 1 , to suppress a drop in temperature of the material to be hot forged and the chilling caused by contact with the anvil or tool.
  • the previous coating of the glass lubricant allowed the Kaowool and the material for forging to bond together in a short time without any problem, so it was judged that a drop in temperature of about 5 to 10°C compared to the normal drop in temperature before placement would not be a problem in hot forging.
  • the material to be hot forged was used to perform upset forging by hot open-die forging. After the material to be hot forged was placed on a lower anvil of a hot forging machine used and a tool for upset forging was placed on an upper-end face of the material to be hot forged, open-die forging, which involves pressing by using a hot forging machine with a pressurization capacity of 4000 tons, was performed to make a preform (hot-forged member 3) for use in the next step of hot forging (hot forging step). Except for portions in which the lower anvil and the tool for upset forging were in contact with the material to be hot forged, the rest was a free deformation area.
  • the forging start temperature was approximately 1000°C, and the forging temperature during hot forging was approximately 950 to 980°C.
  • the Kaowool suppressed the chilling in the portions in contact with the lower anvil and the tool for upset forging on the side of the upper-end face, so surface defects such as wrinkle flaws (cracks) were hardly generated at the edges of the hot-forged member.
  • Materials for forging used were all ingots machined to a predetermined size, and each of the surfaces had a surface roughness equivalent to rough finishing. Note that upset forging by hot open-die forging was performed using the unheated materials having an LID of 1.5 or less.
  • the unheated material of Inventive Example 1 was coated with a glass lubricant at a thickness of approximately 50 to 200 ⁇ m on its end faces on opposite sides (surfaces in contact with an anvil or a tool) and a portion of its outer peripheral face to which the heat-resistant insulation material was bonded (glass lubricant coating step).
  • the glass lubricant was the same as used in Example 1 (viscosity of 3 ⁇ 10 3 Pa ⁇ s at 1150°C, i.e., the following hot forging temperature).
  • This unheated material was heated to a predetermined hot forging temperature in a furnace (heating step).
  • the oxygen concentration at such a point was controlled to be 2 to 8%.
  • the temperature of heating (hot forging temperature) was 1150°C, and the holding time was 2 to 4 hours. The time required to raise the temperature to the forging temperature was approximately 8 hours.
  • Kaowool inorganic fiber
  • long 11A and short 11B two sheets of Kaowool (inorganic fiber) of different lengths
  • a material for forging 1 of Inventive Example 2 removed from the furnace with a manipulator was placed on the stacked portion, and the heat-resistant insulation material was bonded to surfaces of both end faces on opposite sides and outer peripheral face of the material for forging while the inorganic heat insulation materials were folded in the direction of black arrows.
  • the heat-resistant insulation material 11B was short in length and had a length close to the total height of the material for forging, whereas the longer heat-resistant insulation material 11A was stacked on a portion of the upper-end face of the material for forging and wrapped around almost the entire surface of the material for forging to form a material to be hot forged (heat-resistant insulation material bonding step). This suppressed a drop in temperature of the material to be hot forged, chilling caused by contact with the anvil or tool, and chilling caused by contact with a holding part of the manipulator.
  • the hot open-die forging was performed using the material to be hot forged. After the material to be hot forged was placed on a lower anvil of a hot forging machine used and a tool for upset forging was placed on an upper-end face of the material to be hot forged, open-die forging, which involves pressing by using a hot forging machine with a pressurization capacity of 10000 tons, was performed to make a preform (hot-forged member) for use in the next step of hot forging (hot forging step). Except for portions at which the lower anvil and the tool for upset forging were in contact with the material to be hot forged, the rest was a free deformation area.
  • the forging start temperature was approximately 1050°C
  • the forging temperature during hot forging was approximately 1000°C.
  • Unheated materials used were materials machined to a predetermined size after upset forging, and each of the surfaces had a surface roughness equivalent to rough finishing.
  • the unheated material of Inventive Example 2 was coated with a glass lubricant at a thickness of approximately 50 to 200 ⁇ m on its end faces on opposite sides and a portion to which the heat-resistant insulation material was bonded (glass lubricant coating step).
  • the glass lubricant was the same as used in Example 1 (viscosity of 3 ⁇ 10 3 Pa ⁇ s at 1150°C, i.e., the following hot forging temperature).
  • This unheated material was heated to a predetermined hot forging temperature in a furnace (heating step).
  • the oxygen concentration at such a point was controlled to be 2 to 8%.
  • the temperature of heating was 1150°C, and the holding time was 2 to 4 hours.
  • the time required to raise the temperature to the forging temperature was approximately 8 hours.
  • a heat-resistant insulation material 11 was prepared, a material for forging 1 of Inventive Example 2 removed from the furnace with a manipulator was placed on the heat-resistant insulation material 11, and the heat-resistant insulation material was bonded to the surface of the outer peripheral face, whereas the heat-resistant insulation materials were bent in the direction of black arrows to form a material to be hot forged (heat-resistant insulation material bonding step).
  • the heat-resistant insulation material was Kaowool (inorganic fiber), which was bonded to the outer peripheral face (free deformation portion of the material for forging) as illustrated in Figure 3 to suppress a drop in temperature of the material to be hot forged and the chilling caused by contact with the holding part of the manipulator.
  • the hot swaging was performed using the material to be hot forged.
  • the side faces of the material to be hot forged were sandwiched between the lower and upper anvils of the hot forging machine, and swaging forging, which involves pressing by using a hot forging machine with a pressurization capacity of 4000 tons, was performed to make a preform (hot-forged member) for use in the next step of hot forging (hot forging step).
  • the forging start temperature was approximately 1050°C at an uncoated site, and the forged material temperature was approximately 1080 to 1020°C at a location at which the coating had fallen off during hot forging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP22866997.4A 2021-09-10 2022-05-27 Verfahren zur herstellung eines warmgeschmiedeten elements Pending EP4400232A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2021148208 2021-09-10
PCT/JP2022/021761 WO2023037667A1 (ja) 2021-09-10 2022-05-27 熱間鍛造材の製造方法

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EP4400232A1 true EP4400232A1 (de) 2024-07-17

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JP (1) JP7498443B2 (de)
CN (1) CN117980089A (de)
WO (1) WO2023037667A1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2653157B2 (ja) * 1989-02-28 1997-09-10 三菱マテリアル株式会社 耐熱合金の鍛造方法
US8789254B2 (en) 2011-01-17 2014-07-29 Ati Properties, Inc. Modifying hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating
JP6311972B2 (ja) * 2013-04-01 2018-04-18 日立金属株式会社 熱間鍛造方法
JP6630586B2 (ja) * 2016-02-22 2020-01-15 株式会社神戸製鋼所 熱間鍛造方法及び熱間鍛造品の製造方法
JP6902204B2 (ja) * 2017-03-28 2021-07-14 日立金属株式会社 鍛造製品の製造方法
AU2021233462B2 (en) * 2020-03-13 2024-05-23 Proterial, Ltd. Method for manufacturing hot-forged member

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CN117980089A (zh) 2024-05-03
WO2023037667A1 (ja) 2023-03-16
JP7498443B2 (ja) 2024-06-12

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