EP4399007A1 - Séparateur de particules cyclonique - Google Patents
Séparateur de particules cycloniqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4399007A1 EP4399007A1 EP21786695.3A EP21786695A EP4399007A1 EP 4399007 A1 EP4399007 A1 EP 4399007A1 EP 21786695 A EP21786695 A EP 21786695A EP 4399007 A1 EP4399007 A1 EP 4399007A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylindrical sidewall
- annular body
- particle
- flow
- diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 42
- VBCVPMMZEGZULK-NRFANRHFSA-N indoxacarb Chemical compound C([C@@]1(OC2)C(=O)OC)C3=CC(Cl)=CC=C3C1=NN2C(=O)N(C(=O)OC)C1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 VBCVPMMZEGZULK-NRFANRHFSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/05—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having provisions for obviating the penetration of damaging objects or particles
- F02C7/052—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having provisions for obviating the penetration of damaging objects or particles with dust-separation devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
- B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
- B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C1/00—Apparatus in which the main direction of flow follows a flat spiral ; so-called flat cyclones or vortex chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
- B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
- B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
- B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
- B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
- F01D25/12—Cooling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/32—Collecting of condensation water; Drainage ; Removing solid particles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
- F02C7/16—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
- F02C7/18—Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/60—Fluid transfer
- F05D2260/607—Preventing clogging or obstruction of flow paths by dirt, dust, or foreign particles
Definitions
- the disclosure relates generally to particle separators and, more particularly, to a cyclonic particle separator including a housing having a cylindrical sidewall with a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough.
- a related turbine vane and turbine system are also provided.
- a wide variety of industrial machines use an air flow that needs to be cleaned of particles, for example, dust, dirt, or soot.
- a turbine system such as a gas turbine (GT) system.
- GT gas turbine
- an air flow from a compressor is used for combustion purposes and for cooling purposes.
- an air flow may be directed into cooling circuits in airfoils of the turbine vanes or blades of a GT system to prevent the airfoils from overheating from the hot combustion gases that pass over the vanes or blades.
- the cooling circuit typically includes a number of very small cooling passages that take complex paths through the airfoil. Particles can clog the cooling passages if not removed prior to entering the cooling circuit.
- Current approaches employ various particle separators or collectors that are integral parts of the turbine vane or blade. Consequently, these separators or collectors cannot be retrofitted to older turbine vanes or blades, and they cannot be customized for certain vanes or blades.
- Centrifugal or cyclonic separators have been used previously to clean air flows. These separators are ineffective for use in sensitive industrial equipment such as a GT system because they are too large and create too large of a pressure drop. Where the flow may be used for cooling, the large pressure drop limits the cooling effectiveness of the flow downstream of the separator.
- An aspect of the disclosure provides a cyclonic particle separator, comprising: a housing including: a cylindrical sidewall having a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough, a cover member closing a first end of the cylindrical sidewall, and a mounting member at a second end of the cylindrical sidewall and having a flow exit opening defined therethrough; and at least one particle exit passage defined in the housing; and wherein each of the plurality of flow entry ports includes a flow directing surface angled to direct a gas flow from upstream of the housing to enter the housing in a tangential direction relative to the cylindrical sidewall, causing a cyclone vortex.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises an annular body located within the cylindrical sidewall, the annular body defining a cyclonic separating chamber between an interior of the cylindrical sidewall and the annular body.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the annular body has a smaller end proximate the cover member and a larger end proximate the mounting member.
- annular body has a frustoconical shape having the smaller end proximate the cover member and the larger end proximate the mounting member.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises a wall extending between the flow exit opening and one of the larger end of the annular body and the cylindrical sidewall, the wall defining an annular particle trap with the cylindrical sidewall, wherein the at least one particle exit passage includes a first particle exit passage in fluid communication with the annular particle trap.
- annular particle trap has a torus shape.
- the at least one particle exit passage includes a first particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall of the housing adjacent the cover member, and a second particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall of the housing adjacent the mounting member.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one particle exit passage includes a single particle exit passage adjacent the mounting member.
- the housing is operatively mounted to one of an inner endwall and an outer endwall of a turbine vane by the mounting member, and wherein the flow exit opening is defined in a wall of the mounting member and is in fluid communication with a cooling circuit downstream of the housing in an interior of an airfoil of the turbine vane.
- An aspect of the disclosure relates to a turbine vane, comprising: an inner endwall; an outer endwall; an airfoil coupling the inner endwall and the outer endwall; and a cyclonic particle separator including: a housing including: a cylindrical sidewall having a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough, a cover member closing a first end of the cylindrical sidewall, and a mounting member at a second end of the cylindrical sidewall configured to couple the housing to one of the inner endwall and the outer endwall, wherein the mounting member has a flow exit opening defined therethrough and in fluid communication with a cooling circuit downstream of the housing in an interior of the airfoil; and at least one particle exit passage defined in the housing, wherein each of the plurality of flow entry ports includes a flow directing surface angled to direct a gas flow from upstream of the housing to enter the housing in a tangential direction relative to the cylindrical sidewall, causing a cyclone vortex.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises an annular body located within the cylindrical sidewall, the annular body defining a cyclonic separating chamber between an interior of the cylindrical sidewall and the annular body.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the annular body has a smaller end proximate the cover member and a larger end proximate the mounting member.
- annular body has a frustoconical shape having the smaller end proximate the cover member and the larger end proximate the mounting member.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises a wall extending between the flow exit opening and one of the larger end of the annular body and the cylindrical sidewall, the annular wall defining an annular particle trap, wherein the at least one particle exit passage includes a first particle exit passage in fluid communication with the annular particle trap.
- annular particle trap has a torus shape.
- the at least one particle exit passage includes a first particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall adjacent the first end closed by the cover member, and a second particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall adjacent the mounting member.
- An aspect of the disclosure includes a turbine system, comprising: an engine core including a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine operatively coupled together, the turbine including a plurality of vanes in a turbine stage, each vane including an inner endwall, an outer endwall, and an airfoil coupling the inner endwall and the outer endwall; a cyclonic particle separator mounted to one of the inner endwall and the outer endwall of each vane, the cyclonic particle separator including a housing including: a cylindrical sidewall having a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough, a cover member closing a first end of the cylindrical sidewall, and a mounting member at a second end of the cylindrical sidewall configured to couple the housing to one of the inner endwall and the outer endwall, wherein the mounting member has a flow exit opening defined therethrough and in fluid communication with a cooling circuit downstream of the housing in an interior of the airfoil; and at least one particle exit passage defined in the housing.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises an annular body located within the cylindrical sidewall within at least one of the cyclonic particle separators, the annular body defining a cyclonic separating chamber between an interior of the cylindrical sidewall and the annular body.
- annular body has a smaller end proximate the cover member and a larger end proximate the mounting member.
- annular body has a frustoconical shape having the smaller end proximate the cover member and the larger end proximate the mounting member.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises an annular wall extending between the flow exit opening and one of the larger end of the annular body and the cylindrical sidewall, the annular wall defining an annular particle trap, wherein the at least one particle exit passage includes a first particle exit passage in fluid communication with the annular particle trap.
- the at least one particle exit passage includes a first particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall adjacent the cover member, and a second particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall adjacent the mounting member.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises a conduit fluidly coupling the at least one particle exit passage to a hot gas path of the turbine.
- An aspect of the disclosure also includes a cyclonic particle separator, comprising: a housing including a cylindrical sidewall having a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough and having a first diameter, a cover member closing a first end of the cylindrical sidewall, and a mounting member at a second end of the cylindrical sidewall, the mounting member having a flow exit opening defined therein and having a second diameter; and at least one particle exit passage defined in the housing, wherein a difference between the first diameter and the second diameter is greater than a 12.5 millimeters.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall has a diameter of greater than or equal to 0.76 millimeters.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one particle exit passage extends tangentially relative to the cylindrical sidewall.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one particle exit passage extends to a location having a lower pressure than the housing.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and an area of an inner annulus of the cylindrical sidewall is at least 1.5 times a sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises an annular body located within the cylindrical sidewall, the annular body defining an annular cyclonic separating chamber between an interior of the cylindrical sidewall and the annular body, wherein an annular area between a radial outer end of the annular body and an interior of the cylindrical sidewall is at least as large as a sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and an area of a central opening defined in the annular body is at least as large as the sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- An aspect of the disclosure includes a turbine vane, comprising: an inner endwall; an outer endwall; an airfoil coupling the inner endwall and the outer endwall; and a cyclonic particle separator mounted to one of the inner endwall and the outer endwall, the cyclonic particle separator including: a housing including a cylindrical sidewall having a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough and having a first diameter, a cover member closing a first end of the cylindrical sidewall, and a mounting member at a second end of the cylindrical sidewall configured to couple the housing to at least one of the inner endwall and the outer endwall, wherein the mounting member has a flow exit opening defined therethrough and in fluid communication with a cooling circuit downstream of the housing in an interior of the airfoil, the flow exit opening having a second diameter; and at least one particle exit passage defined in the housing, wherein a difference between the first diameter and the second diameter is greater than 12.5 millimeters.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one particle exit passage defined in the cylindrical sidewall has a diameter of greater than or equal to 0.76 millimeters. [0037] Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one particle exit passage extends tangentially relative to the cylindrical sidewall.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and the at least one particle exit passage extends through the mounting member.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and an area of an inner annulus of the cylindrical sidewall is at least 1.5 times a sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprises an annular body located within the cylindrical sidewall, the annular body defining an annular cyclonic separating chamber between an interior of the cylindrical sidewall and the annular body, wherein an annular area between a radial outer end of the annular body and an interior of the cylindrical sidewall is at least as large as a sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and an area of a central opening defined in the annular body is at least as large as the sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- An aspect of the disclosure relates to a gas turbine system, comprising: an engine core including a compressor, a combustor, and a turbine operatively coupled together, the turbine including a plurality of vanes in a turbine stage, each vane of the turbine stage including an inner endwall, an outer endwall, and an airfoil coupling the inner endwall and the outer endwall; a cyclonic particle separator mounted to one of the inner endwall and the outer endwall of each vane, the cyclonic particle separator including: a housing including a cylindrical sidewall having a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough and having a first diameter, a cover member closing a first end of the cylindrical sidewall, and a mounting member at a second end of the cylindrical sidewall configured to couple the housing to one of the inner endwall and the outer endwall, wherein the mounting member has a flow exit opening defined therethrough and in fluid communication with a cooling circuit downstream of the housing in an interior of the airfoil, the flow exit opening having a second diameter
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and an area of an inner annulus of the cylindrical sidewall is at least 1.5 times a sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and further comprising an annular body located within the cylindrical sidewall in at least one of the cyclonic particle separators, the annular body defining an annular cyclonic separating chamber between an interior of the cylindrical sidewall and the annular body, wherein an annular area between a radial outer end of the annular body and an interior of the cylindrical sidewall is at least as large as a sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- Another aspect of the disclosure includes any of the preceding aspects, and an area of a central opening defined in the annular body is at least as large as the sum of areas of the plurality of flow entry ports.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an illustrative turbine system in which embodiments of the disclosure can be used;
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of an illustrative turbine assembly with three turbine stages that may be used with the turbine system in FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a turbine vane including a cyclonic particle separator that may be used with the turbine assembly of FIG. 2, according to embodiments of the disclosure;
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cyclonic particle separator and the turbine vane of FIG. 3, according to embodiments of the disclosure;
- FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cyclonic particle separator of FIG. 3, according to embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a top-down cross-sectional view of the cyclonic particle separator along view line 6-6 in FIG. 4;
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a housing of a cyclonic particle separator, including a number of alternative features
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the cyclonic particle separator and the turbine vane, according to other embodiments of the disclosure
- FIG. 9 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an annular particle trap, according to embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of an annular particle trap, according to other embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the cyclonic particle separator and a turbine vane, according to other embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of two cyclonic particle separators and a turbine vane, according to additional embodiments of the disclosure.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a separator with a number of dimensional aspects highlighted for description purposes.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a cyclonic particle separator, according to other embodiments of the disclosure.
- downstream and upstream are terms that indicate a direction relative to the flow of a fluid, such as the working fluid through the turbine or, for example, the flow of air through the combustor or coolant through one of the turbine's component systems.
- the term “downstream” corresponds to the direction of flow of the fluid
- the term “upstream” refers to the direction opposite to the flow (i.e., the direction from which the flow originates).
- forward and aft without any further specificity, refer to directions, with “forward” referring to the front or compressor end of the turbomachine, and “aft” referring to the rearward section of the turbomachine.
- radial refers to movement or position perpendicular to an axis. For example, if a first component resides closer to the axis than a second component, it will be stated herein that the first component is “radially inward” or “inboard” of the second component. If, on the other hand, the first component resides further from the axis than the second component, it may be stated herein that the first component is “radially outward” or “outboard” of the second component.
- axial refers to movement or position parallel to an axis.
- circumferential refers to movement or position around an axis. It will be appreciated that such terms may be applied in relation to the center axis of the gas turbine.
- the disclosure provides a cyclonic particle separator.
- the cyclonic particle separator may include a housing including a cylindrical sidewall having a plurality of flow entry ports defined therethrough.
- the housing may also include a cover member closing a first end of the cylindrical sidewall, and a mounting member at a second end of the cylindrical sidewall.
- the mounting member may have a flow exit opening defined therethrough.
- At least one particle exit passage is defined in the housing.
- Each of the plurality of flow entry ports includes a flow directing surface angled to direct a gas flow from upstream of the housing to enter the housing in a tangential direction relative to the cylindrical sidewall, causing a cyclone vortex. The cyclone vortex acts to separate particles from the gas flow.
- the cylindrical sidewall may have a first diameter and the flow exit opening may have a second diameter, where a difference between the first diameter and the second diameter is greater than 12.5 millimeters (approximately 0.5 inches).
- the cyclonic particle separator can be used in practically any industrial machine requiring a clean gas flow but will be described herein as applied to a turbine vane in a turbine system.
- the cyclonic particle separator provides a small profile for application in small areas, such as an endwall of a turbine vane.
- the flow entry ports in the cylindrical sidewall among other structure described herein, allow particle separation without a significant pressure drop that would negatively impact subsequent use of the compressed gas flow, for example, for cooling purposes downstream of the separator in a cooling circuit of a turbine vane.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an illustrative turbine system 100 in the form of a gas turbine (GT) system.
- Turbine system 100 includes an engine core 101 including a compressor 102, a combustor 104, and a turbine 108 operatively coupled together.
- Combustor 104 includes a combustion region 105 and a fuel nozzle assembly 106.
- Turbine system 100 may also include a common compressor/turbine shaft 110 (sometimes referred to as rotor 110).
- turbine system 100 is a 7HA.03 engine, commercially available from General Electric Company, Greenville, S.C.
- the present disclosure is not limited to any one particular GT system and may be used in connection with other turbine systems including, for example, the other HA, F, B, LM, GT, TM and E-class engine models of General Electric Company, and engine models of other companies.
- a cyclonic particle separator as described herein, can also be used on a variety of industrial machines other than a turbine system. In a turbine system, the gas being cleaned by the cyclonic particle separator is air, but the gas may be other than air in other industrial machines.
- FIG. 2 is cross-sectional view of an illustrative turbine 108 with three stages of blades and nozzles that may be used with turbine system 100 in FIG. 1.
- Turbine 108 may include more or fewer stages than shown.
- Turbine 108 includes a plurality of vanes 112 (into and out of page) arranged in a turbine stage.
- Each vane 112 includes a (radially) outer endwall 114, a (radially) inner endwall 116, and an airfoil 120 coupling outer endwall 114 and inner endwall 116.
- Vanes 112 are held in a casing 122 of turbine 108 by outer endwall 114.
- a compressed gas (air) flow 124 passes through casing 122 from compressor 102 (FIG.
- Turbine 108 also includes a plurality of rotating blades 123 (into and out of page), which, with the adjacent upstream vanes 112, define a turbine stage.
- Each blade 123 includes a base 125 coupled to rotor 110 and an airfoil 127 extending from base 125.
- a compressed air flow 129 passes through base 125 from compressor 102 (FIG. 1) and enters cooling circuits (not shown in FIG. 2) in blades 123 to cool the blades.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 in operation, air flows through compressor 102, and compressed air is supplied to combustor 104. Specifically, the compressed air is supplied to fuel nozzle assembly 106 that is integral to combustor 104. Assembly 106 is in flow communication with combustion region 105. Fuel nozzle assembly 106 is also in flow communication with a fuel source (not shown in FIG. 1) and channels fuel and air to combustion region 105. Combustor 104 ignites and combusts fuel to produce combustion gases. Combustor 104 is in flow communication with turbine 108 in which gas stream thermal energy is converted to mechanical rotational energy through a hot gas path 180 of turbine 108. Turbine 108 is rotatably coupled to and drives rotor 110.
- Combustion gases directed by vanes 112 turn blades 123 and rotor 110.
- Compressor 102 may also be rotatably coupled to shaft 110.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a single illustrative vane 112 including a cyclonic particle separator 126 (hereinafter “separator 126”) on outer endwall 114 thereof.
- separator 126 may be mounted to one of inner endwall 116 (see FIG. 11) and outer endwall 114 (as shown) of one or more vanes 112 in turbine system 100.
- a separator 126 may be mounted to both inner endwall 116 and outer endwall 114 of one or more vanes 112 in turbine system 100.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of separator 126 on outer endwall 114 of turbine vane 112
- FIG. 5 shows a partial cross-sectional view of separator 126 on outer endwall 114.
- Separator 126 includes a housing 130. As shown best in FIGS. 4 and 5, housing 130 includes a cylindrical sidewall 132 having a plurality of flow entry ports 134 defined therethrough. A gas flow 124 (see e.g., FIG. 2) may flow from outside of cylindrical housing 132, e.g., from within casing 122 (FIG. 2), through flow entry ports 134 to an interior of cylindrical housing 132. Housing 130 includes a cover member 136 closing a first end 138 of cylindrical sidewall 132. Housing 130 also includes a mounting member 140 at a second end 142 of cylindrical sidewall 132.
- Housing 130 can be made of any material capable of withstanding the environment in which employed. Cylindrical sidewall 132 may have some minor variance from perfectly cylindrical but is sufficiently curved to create a cyclone vortex 170 (FIG. 6) of a gas flow 124 entering through plurality of flow entry ports 134 (“flow entry ports 134”). Flow entry ports 134 may be arranged in a number of ways. In FIG. 4, a single row of flow entry ports 134 extends most of a height H s of cylindrical wall 132. In another example, shown in FIG. 13, flow entry ports 134 are arranged in a pair of radially spaced rows 230 A, 230B. Different arrangements of flow entry ports 134 are also possible.
- Cover member 136 can be any structural member capable of fluidly closing first end 138 of cylindrical sidewall 132.
- cover member 136 is a planar plate coupled to first end of cylindrical sidewall 132.
- cover member 136 may have inner surfaces (not shown) configured to impact a cyclone vortex 170 (FIG. 6) formed in cylindrical sidewall 132 in a positive manner to improve particle separation and/or pressure loss.
- Mounting member 140 may include any structure capable of fluidly coupling housing 130 to, for example, outer endwall 114 such that a cleaner gas flow 144 (FIG.
- mounting member 140 includes a wall 150 (e.g., a plate element) and any number of coupling walls 152 (FIG. 5) for coupling to outer endwall 114 to form a manifold 154.
- Mounting member 140 can take a variety of different forms depending on the structure to which separator 126 is coupled. In any event, mounting member 140 includes a flow exit opening 160 defined therethrough, e.g., through wall(s) 150, 152 of mounting member 140.
- Flow exit opening 160 is in fluid communication with, for example, one or more openings 156 in airfoil 120 (and perhaps outer endwall 114) via manifold 154 such that cleaner gas flow 144 (air) passing through flow exit opening 160 enters at least cooling circuit 148 in airfoil 120.
- Cooling circuit 148 in airfoil 120 and/or outer endwall 114 can take any now known or later developed form, but typically includes one or more openings 156 in outer endwall 114 that are in fluid communication with manifold 154 so cleaner gas flow 144 can enter openings 156.
- separator 126 also includes at least one particle exit passage 176 defined in housing 130 through which particles separated by cyclone vortex 170 from gas flow 124 are ejected from housing 130.
- exit passage(s) 176 provide a path for particles to leave housing 130 prior to use of the now cleaner gas flow 144 (FIG. 4).
- Particle exit passage(s) 176 extends tangentially relative to cylindrical sidewall 132 such that particle momentum from cyclone vortex 170 is not interrupted. Any number of exit passage(s) 176 may be employed.
- a single exit passage 176 is shown, which although not necessary, is preferably located adjacent mounting member 140.
- FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of housing 130 including a number of alternative features.
- housing 130 may include a first particle exit passage 176A defined in cylindrical sidewall 132 of housing 130 adjacent cover member 136 (shown in dashed lines), and a second particle exit passage 176B defined in cylindrical sidewall 132 of housing 130 adjacent mounting member 140 (shown partially in dashed lines).
- Exit passage(s) 176 may direct particles to any desired location having a lower pressure than housing 130 for their removal from gas flow 124 (FIG. 4).
- particle exit passage(s) 176 may direct particles to a hot gas path 180 (FIGS. 2-5) of turbine 108 (FIG.
- exit passage(s) 176 may also extend through mounting member 140, e.g., wall 150 of mounting member 140, and be routed to hot gas path 180 through, for example, outer endwall 114. In this manner, particles are removed from gas flow 124 and eliminated via hot gas path 180. In other embodiments, exit passage(s) 176 may direct particles to a collection cavity (not shown).
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of separator 126 and turbine vane 112 according to other embodiments of the disclosure. In certain embodiments, shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, one or more separators 126 may also include an annular body 190 located within cylindrical sidewall 132.
- annular body 190 may be located within cylindrical sidewall 132 within at least one of separators 126 in a turbine system 100 (FIG. 1).
- Annular body 190 defines a cyclonic separating chamber 192 between an interior 194 of cylindrical sidewall 132 and an exterior 196 of annular body 190.
- Annular body 190 also defines a cyclonic separating chamber 195 between an inner diameter 197 of annular body 190 and mounting member 140.
- Annular body 190 is generally circular, but can have some difference from exactly circular, e.g., it can be oval.
- Annular body 190 may be positioned in a number of ways. In one example, annular body 190 is coupled to cylindrical sidewall 132 near second end 142 of cylindrical sidewall 132, i.e., they are coupled together or formed as one piece. However, other positioning arrangements may be possible. For example, in another arrangement, not shown, annular body 190 may be coupled or formed with mounting member 140 and/or cover member 136. Annular body 190 can be sized and shaped to create a customized cyclonic separating chamber 192 and/or cyclonic separating chamber 195, each of which act to improve removal of particles in an efficient manner without a significant pressure drop. Annular body 190 may be located within cylindrical sidewall 132 within certain separators 126 in turbine system 100 (FIG.
- separators 126 may be provided on turbine vanes 112 that are on a lower half of turbine 108 (FIG. 1).
- annular bodies 190 may be employed in any separators 126 desired.
- annular body 190 has a smaller end 200 proximate cover member 136 and a larger end 202 proximate mounting member 140. Smaller end 200 is radially outward, and larger end 202 is radially inward relative to rotor 110 (FIG. 2) when separator 126 is coupled to outer endwall 114.
- Annular body 190 defines a central opening 206 at smaller end 200. In certain embodiments, central opening 206 has a diameter D CO ne (FIG.
- annular body 190 has a frustoconical shape having smaller end 200 proximate cover member 136 and larger end 202 proximate mounting member 140.
- annular body 190 generally has a wall that is linear in cross-section from larger end 202 to smaller end 200 (that is, a wall having a constant slope).
- FIG. 8 shows that annular body 190 has a wall that is linear in cross-section from larger end 202 to smaller end 200 (that is, a wall having a constant slope).
- annular body 190 may have a generally frustoconical shape with a wall having a curved cross-section (i.e., creating a volcano-like shape), in which any line defined between a point on smaller end 200 proximate to cover member 136 and a corresponding point on larger end 202 proximate to mounting member 140 defines a convex curve.
- the cross-sectional diameter of the annular body 190 includes a portion having a first slope coupled to a portion having a second slope different from the first slope.
- Annular body 190 can have any shapes that forces the flow radially outward and then over the wall and radially inward, e.g., L-shaped.
- separator 126 may also include an annular wall 210 extending between flow exit opening 160 and one of larger end 202 of annular body 190 and cylindrical sidewall 132 of housing 130.
- Annular wall 210 is generally circular, but can have some difference from exactly circular, e.g., oval, and may have some discontinuities therein.
- Wall 210 defines an annular particle trap 212 with cylindrical sidewall 132 or larger end 202 of annular body 190.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show enlarged cross-sectional views of housing 130 and wall 210. In FIGS. 7 and 9, wall 210 extends between flow exit opening 160 and cylindrical sidewall 132 of housing 130.
- annular body 190 In this case, larger end 202 of annular body 190 is above wall 210 and not interposed between flow exit opening 160 and cylindrical sidewall 132.
- cyclonic separating chamber 192 is above (radial outward of) annular particle trap 212.
- wall 210 may extend between flow exit opening 160 and larger end 202 of annular body 190, i.e., cylindrical sidewall 132 is not immediately adjacent wall 210.
- cyclonic separating chamber 192 is adjacent annular particle trap 212.
- wall 210 defines an annular particle trap 212 with cylindrical sidewall 132 or larger end 202 of annular body 190.
- Annular particle trap 212 acts to collect particles from the cyclonic flow, and direct them to a particle exit passage(s) 176.
- Particle exit passage(s) 176 may be in fluid communication with annular particle trap 212.
- FIG. 9 shows a single particle exit passage 176 (in dashed lines in annular particle trap 212).
- one or more particle exit passages 176B may be in fluid communication with annular particle trap 212, and one or more other particle exit passages 176A may be defined in cylindrical sidewall 132 of housing 130 adjacent cover member 136.
- Wall 210 may have any shape to create an annular particle trap 212 of a desired shape.
- wall 210 has an outwardly curved surface 214 which, with a mating surface 216 of larger end 202 of annular body 190 or cylindrical sidewall 132, creates a torus-shaped particle trap 212.
- Other shapes of annular particle trap 212 are also possible, e.g., a triangular or rectangular cross-section torus.
- housing 130 of separator 126 may be operatively mounted to outer endwall 114 of turbine vane 112 by mounting member 140. As shown in FIG. 11, in another embodiment, housing 130 of separator 126 may be operatively mounted to inner endwall 116 of turbine vane 112 by mounting member 140. Flow exit opening 160 is defined in wall 150 and/or 152 of mounting member 140 and is in fluid communication with cooling circuit 148 downstream of cylindrical sidewall 132 in an interior of airfoil 120 of turbine vane 112. As shown in FIG. 12, in another embodiment, housing 130 of a separator 126 may be operatively mounted to each of outer endwall 114 and inner endwall 116 of turbine vane 112 by a respective mounting member 140.
- Flow exit opening 160 of each separator 126 is defined in wall 150 and/or 152 of mounting member 140 thereof and is in fluid communication with cooling circuit 148 downstream of cylindrical sidewall 132 in an interior of airfoil 120 of turbine vane 112. Clean gas flow 144 is delivered to both ends of airfoil 120 of turbine vane 112.
- compressed gas flow 124 such as air from compressor 102 (FIG. 1) enters flow entry ports 134 in cylindrical sidewall 132 of separator 126.
- Gas flow 124 includes particles that are too large for efficient use in, for example, cooling circuit 148 of turbine vane 112, and that need to be removed.
- Flow directing surfaces 166 of flow entry ports 134 direct gas flow 124 tangentially relative to cylindrical sidewall 132, central opening 206 of annular body 190 (where provided), and flow exit opening 160, which generates cyclone vortex 170.
- Particles in gas flow 124 are forced outwardly by centrifugal force toward interior 194 of cylindrical sidewall 132, where the particles exit via particle exit passage(s) 176.
- Cleaned gas flow 144 moves inward at second end 142 of cylindrical sidewall 132 and exits through flow exit opening 160 into, for example, cooling circuit 148 in airfoil 120 of turbine vane 112.
- annular body 190 acts as a hollow flow deflecting feature inside cylindrical sidewall 132 that causes the flow to move radially outward and over annular body 190.
- Annular body 190 thus elongates the flow path that particles travel and limits line of sight from entry ports 134 to flow exit opening 160, allowing aerodynamic drag to accelerate particles in the circumferential direction and thus increase centrifugal inertia that leads to particle separation from the flow.
- FIG. 13 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of separator 126 with a number of dimensional aspects of separator 126 highlighted for description purposes.
- separator 126 may include housing 130 including cylindrical sidewall 132 having plurality of flow entry ports 134 defined therethrough, cover member 136 closing first end 138 of cylindrical sidewall 132, and mounting member 140 at second end 142 of cylindrical sidewall 132.
- Flow exit opening 160 may be defined in mounting member 140, e.g., wall 150 thereof.
- At least one particle exit passage 176 is defined in housing 130. Controlling the sizing of certain aspects of separator 126 can provide advantages relative to maximizing particle separation efficiency and minimizing pressure losses.
- cylindrical sidewall 132 may have a diameter D sep
- flow exit opening 160 may have a diameter D CO oi.
- one dimensional aspect of separator 126 may be to control a difference between diameter D sep and diameter D CO oi so it is greater than 12.5 millimeters (approximately 0.5 inches). In one embodiment, the difference may be greater than 25 millimeters (approximately 1.0 inches). In another embodiment, the difference may be greater than 37.5 millimeters (approximately 1.5 inches).
- Flow exit passage 160 diameter D CO oi may be sized based on a required volume of cleaner gas flow 144 for cooling circuit 148 and an allowable pressure drop.
- cylindrical sidewall 132 diameter D sep is significantly larger than flow exit opening 160 diameter Dcooi, i.e., greater than 2 times the size. It is also advantageous to maximize the diameter D sep and D CO oi and height H s of separator 126 within an allowable design envelope.
- Diameter D sep and height H s are components of an inner annulus area A ann , which is the area of interior 194 (surface) of cylindrical sidewall 132 including that of flow entry ports 134 (i.e., cylindrical area).
- the larger the inner annulus areas A ann the greater the circumferential velocity portion of cyclone vortex 170 compared to a radial velocity portion of cyclone vortex 170, which leads to greater particle separation.
- a larger inner annulus area Aann positively affects separation efficiency while minimizing pressure drop. In one example, 75% or more of particles were removed, resulting in a four times (4x) increase in durability of, for example, cooling circuit 148 in airfoil 120 and other structure.
- Controlling a sum of areas (Avent) of flow entry ports 134 can also positively impact particle separation efficiency.
- inner annulus area A ann is at least 1.5 times (1.5x) the sum of areas A ven t of flow entry ports 134.
- inner annulus area Aann is at least 2.0 times (2x) the sum of areas A ven t of flow entry ports 134.
- Flow entry port 134 height Hvent is also ideally maximized within allowable housing height H s , providing space for annular body 190 (where provided), exit passage(s) 176 and any necessary interconnection structure, e.g., walls 152 (FIG. 5) of mounting member 140.
- Flow entry port 134 count, individual height H pO rt, width W and eccentric offset may be based on an application-specific required flow area.
- these parameters can be controlled to preferably mitigate line of sight of gas flow 124 relative to flow exit opening 160 to create a tangential flow relative to cylindrical sidewall 132 and to create cyclone vortex 170 with a strong circumferential velocity portion.
- Controlling a size and orientation of particle exit passage(s) 176 may also aid in efficient particle separation.
- particle exit passage(s) 176 defined in cylindrical sidewall 132 each have a diameter D ex it of greater than or equal to 0.76 millimeters (approximately 0.030 inches).
- particle exit passage(s) 176 defined in cylindrical sidewall 132 each have diameter D ex it of greater than or equal to 5.59 millimeters (approximately 0.22 inches).
- annular body 190 is located within cylindrical sidewall 132 to define annular cyclonic separating chamber 192 between interior 194 of cylindrical sidewall 132 and exterior 196 of annular body 190
- certain dimensional aspects of separator 126 can be engineered to further control the pressure drop across separator 126.
- an annular area Ai between radial outer end 200 of annular body 190 and interior 194 of cylindrical sidewall 132 can be at least as large as the sum of areas A ven t of flow entry ports 134.
- annular area Ai may be four times (4x) the sum of areas A ven t of flow entry ports 134.
- Annular area Ai controls a size of cyclonic separating chamber 192, thus controlling the pressure drop created thereby.
- a radially extending area A2 between radial outer end 200 of annular body 190 and an interior 232 of closing member 136 may be at least as large as the sum of areas Avent of flow entry ports 134.
- the radially extending area A2 may be between 4 and 6 times the sum of areas A ven t of flow entry ports 134.
- an area A3 of central opening 206 defined in annular body 190 is at least as large as the sum of areas A ven t of flow entry ports 134.
- area A3 may be four times (4x) the sum of areas A ven t of flow entry ports 134.
- Area A3 is the size of central opening 206 in annular body 190, which controls a pressure drop generated by central opening 206 in separator 126.
- FIG. 14 is a perspective view of separator 126 according to other embodiments of the disclosure.
- separator 126 extends radially outward of outer endwall 114 to a greater extent than shown in FIGS. 4-13.
- mounting member 140 includes an extension conduit 240 from flow exit opening (not shown, inside wall 150).
- Particle exit passage 176 also has a dedicated conduit 242 to reach outer endwall 114 because wall 150 is not immediately adjacent outer endwall 114.
- mounting member 140 can take a variety of forms to accommodate use of separator 126 in different locations and applications.
- Separator 126 may be manufactured using any now known or later developed technology.
- separator 126 can be additively manufactured, e.g., using direct metal laser melting (DMLM) techniques.
- DMLM direct metal laser melting
- Embodiments of the disclosure provide a cyclonic particle separator 126 that minimizes contaminants and that can reduce maintenance costs, extend the life, and increase reliability and durability of, for example, a turbine vane 112 (FIG. 3) or a turbine blade 123 (FIG. 14).
- Separator 126 can also advantageously be readily retrofitted to older vanes and blades to extend the life thereof.
- the size of separator 126 is such that it fits into tight spacing in many industrial machines such as, but not limited to, a gas turbine system 100.
- Approximating language may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially,” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value.
- range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged; such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise. “Approximately,” as applied to a particular value of a range, applies to both end values and, unless otherwise dependent on the precision of the instrument measuring the value, may indicate +/- 10% of the stated value(s).
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un séparateur de particules cyclonique qui peut comprendre un boîtier comprenant une paroi latérale cylindrique comportant une pluralité d'orifices d'entrée d'écoulement. Un élément de couvercle ferme une première extrémité de la paroi latérale cylindrique, et un élément de montage comportant une ouverture de sortie d'écoulement définie à travers celui-ci représente à une seconde extrémité de la paroi latérale cylindrique. Au moins un passage de sortie de particules est défini dans le boîtier. Chaque orifice d'entrée d'écoulement de la pluralité d'orifices d'entrée d'écoulement comprend une surface d'orientation d'écoulement inclinée pour diriger un écoulement de gaz depuis l'amont du boîtier pour entrer dans le boîtier dans une direction tangentielle par rapport à la paroi latérale cylindrique, ce qui provoque un tourbillon cyclonique. Le tourbillon cyclonique agit pour séparer des particules de l'écoulement de gaz. La paroi latérale cylindrique peut présenter un premier diamètre, et l'ouverture de sortie d'écoulement peut présenter un second diamètre, une différence entre le premier diamètre et le second diamètre étant supérieure à 12,5 millimètres.
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PCT/US2021/049557 WO2023038623A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Séparateur de particules cyclonique |
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EP21786695.3A Pending EP4399007A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Séparateur de particules cyclonique |
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KR (1) | KR20240056829A (fr) |
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US1539435A (en) * | 1925-05-26 | Centrifugal apparatus | ||
IT1401336B1 (it) * | 2010-07-09 | 2013-07-18 | Università Degli Studi Di Trieste | Filtro di separazione di un dispositivo di ventilazione |
JP6739000B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-08-12 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | サイクロン分離装置 |
JP7236605B2 (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2023-03-10 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | サイクロン分離装置 |
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- 2021-09-09 KR KR1020247011314A patent/KR20240056829A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2021-09-09 WO PCT/US2021/049557 patent/WO2023038623A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2021-09-09 EP EP21786695.3A patent/EP4399007A1/fr active Pending
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WO2023038623A1 (fr) | 2023-03-16 |
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