EP4398737A1 - Composition alimentaire pour les poissons comprenant un hydrolysat a hautes teneurs en acides amines libres et utilisations - Google Patents
Composition alimentaire pour les poissons comprenant un hydrolysat a hautes teneurs en acides amines libres et utilisationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4398737A1 EP4398737A1 EP22773684.0A EP22773684A EP4398737A1 EP 4398737 A1 EP4398737 A1 EP 4398737A1 EP 22773684 A EP22773684 A EP 22773684A EP 4398737 A1 EP4398737 A1 EP 4398737A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- ranging
- content ranging
- hydrolyzate
- content
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009246 food effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005228 liver tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021274 meat intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021281 monounsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000031990 negative regulation of inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 1
- FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ninhydrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)(O)C(=O)C2=C1 FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVZSQWIWCANHPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-nitrophenyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 LVZSQWIWCANHPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021075 protein intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004458 spent grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical class S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of aquaculture and more particularly to fish farming. More specifically, the invention relates to a composition comprising a keratin hydrolyzate with high levels of free amino acids for fish feed.
- Aquaculture is intended to meet this growing demand, it is thus to be considered as an alternative solution to overfishing and also to the disappearance of certain species.
- patent application EP 3701802A1 of the applicant company already discloses a keratin hydrolyzate with a high content of free amino acids as well as its use in animal feed.
- non-essential amino acid is meant an amino acid which can be synthesized by the body.
- a first object of the invention relates to a food composition for fish food containing from 0.05 to 2%, preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight of a keratin hydrolyzate comprising at least 88 % by weight of free amino acids relative to the total weight of the amino acids of the hydrolyzate, the rest of the amino acids of the hydrolyzate being in the form of peptides having a molecular mass less than or equal to 800 Dalton, said composition comprising the following contents of the following amino acids in free form: a content of aspartic acid ranging from 0.009% to 0.074% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.018 to 0.037% by weight; a serine content ranging from 0.016 to 0.132% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.032 to 0.066% by weight; a glutamic acid content ranging from 0.013 to 0.106% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.026 to 0.053% by weight; a glycine content ranging from 0.011 to 0.086% by weight,
- the food composition according to the invention is a complete food comprising at least the following components: at least one fish meal, at least one fish oil, at least one source of starch chosen from cassava and cereals chosen from wheat, maize and rice, at least one protein source chosen from soybeans and rapeseed in the form of meal or flour, and a premix of vitamins chosen from the group consisting of vitamins A, group B, C, D3, E, K3, and trace elements selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt and selenium.
- the inventors have demonstrated that the food composition according to the invention has advantageous properties when it is used in the diet of fish in particular, it makes it possible to quantitatively and qualitatively improve the flesh of fish and especially that of fillets.
- the fish fillet is a strip of flesh taken parallel to the backbone. Apart from a few specificities such as for example the cheeks in monkfish, the fillet corresponds to most of the flesh, that is to say the edible part of the fish.
- a second object of the present invention is the non-therapeutic use of the food composition according to the invention to increase the quantity of flesh, in particular that of fish fillets.
- the inventors have observed that the fish fed with the composition according to the invention develop a greater body mass of flesh, to the detriment of the other non-usable parts of the fish such as the viscera and abdominal fat.
- a third object of the present invention is the non-therapeutic use of the food composition according to the invention to improve the quality of the flesh of fish, in particular to modify the color of the flesh of fish more particularly to obtain a color whiter.
- the fish fed with the composition according to the invention have better quality flesh both in terms of its composition and its appearance and in particular its color.
- the flesh and especially the fillets are whiter.
- the lipid content of the flesh is higher and its water content is lower.
- the fish fed with the food composition according to the invention therefore have interesting properties for marketing in terms of color and size of the fillets.
- a fourth object of the present invention is the non-therapeutic use of the food composition according to the invention to modify the composition of the flesh, in particular that of the fillets of fish, and more particularly to increase the quantity of fatty acids unsaturated flesh, especially fillets.
- a fifth object of the present invention is the non-therapeutic use of the food composition according to the invention to modify the composition of the intestinal flora of fish, in particular to increase the quantity of digestive enzymes in the intestinal flora of fish in particular to increase the quantity of amylase.
- the food composition according to the invention allows the development of digestive enzymes such as amylases, lipases and proteases and therefore better assimilation of food.
- the use of the food composition according to the invention-including in particular particular contents of the following non-essential amino acids, in free form: aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, arginine, proline- allows obtaining a complete and balanced food, a source of free amino acids, and which makes it possible to better use food proteins of vegetable and/or animal origin of complex molecular structure and of high molecular weight.
- the use of the food composition according to the invention allows better assimilation of the nutrients present in the food and in particular in the complete food.
- the present invention relates to a food composition for feeding fish at all stages of their development, in particular at the juvenile stage.
- the food composition according to the present invention comprises a hydrolyzate having the following amino acid distribution total: an aspartic acid content ranging from 5 to 8% by weight, preferably ranging from 6 to 7% by weight; a threonine content ranging from 4 to 6% by weight, preferably from 4 to 5% by weight; a serine content ranging from 9 to 14% by weight, preferably ranging from 10 to 12% by weight; a glutamic acid content ranging from 9 to 11%; a glycine content ranging from 6 to 9% by weight, preferably ranging from 7 to 8% by weight; an alanine content ranging from 4 to 6% by weight, preferably from 4 to 5% by weight; a valine content ranging from 6 to 10% by weight, preferably ranging from 7 to 8% by weight; a methionine content ranging from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight; an isoleucine content ranging from 4 to 6% by weight, preferably ranging from 4 to 5% by weight; a
- the amino acids are assayed according to a method adapted from regulation EC 152/2009. According to this method, for the determination of the quantities of total amino acids a hydrolysis by means of an acid is carried out beforehand.
- the amino acids are separated by HPLC chromatography preferably with an ion exchange column and assayed by reaction with ninhydrin and photometric detection generally at 570 nm.
- the hydrolyzate preferably used in the food composition according to the invention comprises the following free amino acids: at least 95% of aspartic acid in the free form by weight relative to the total weight of aspartic acid in the hydrolyzate ; at least 95% of threonine in free form by weight relative to the total weight of threonine in the hydrolyzate; at least 95% serine in free form by weight relative to the total weight of serine in the hydrolyzate; at least 93% glutamic acid in free form by weight relative to the total weight of glutamic acid in the hydrolyzate; at least 93% of glycine in free form by weight relative to the total weight of glycine in the hydrolyzate; at least 93% alanine in free form by weight relative to the total weight of alanine in the hydrolyzate; at least 93% of methionine in free form by weight relative to the total weight of methionine in the hydrolyzate; at least 93% of phenylalanine in free form by weight relative
- the majority of amino acids are at least 95% in free form relative to the total weight of said amino acid in the hydrolyzate.
- the content of total amino acids (free and bound) of the hydrolyzate used according to the invention ranges from 40% to 95%, preferably 45% to 92% by weight relative to the total weight of the hydrolyzate, the hydrolyzate further comprising mineral matter and water.
- the amino acids of the hydrolyzate according to the invention are essentially free amino acids.
- the mineral content of said hydrolyzate preferably NaCI or KCI, is less than or equal to 9% by weight, preferably less than 8% by weight relative to the total weight of the hydrolyzate. This level of mineral matter is determined after calcining the hydrolyzate at 550°C for 4 hours.
- the food composition according to the invention has the following distribution of total amino acids: an aspartic acid content ranging from 2.2% to 2.7% by weight, preferably ranging from 2.3% to 2.6% in weight; a threonine content ranging from 1.1% to 1.6% by weight, preferably from 1.2% to 1.5% by weight; a serine content ranging from 1.5% to 2.1% by weight, preferably ranging from 1.6% to 2.0% by weight; a glutamic acid content ranging from 4.8% to 5.4% in weight, preferably ranging from 4.9% to 5.3% by weight; a glycine content ranging from 2.1% to 2.7% by weight, preferably ranging from 2.2% to 2.6% by weight; an alanine content of 1.3% to 2.0% by weight, preferably ranging from 1.5% to 1.9% by weight; a valine content ranging from 1.3% to 2.0% by weight, preferably ranging from 1.5% to 1.9% by weight; a cystine content ranging from 0.3% to 0.7% by weight, preferably ranging from 0.4% to 0.6% by weight;
- the food composition according to the invention has a total content of free amino acids ranging from 0.5 to 5% by weight, preferably ranging from 1 to 2.5% by weight, including a total content of following free amino acids: aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, arginine and proline ranging from 0.08% to 1.5% by weight preferably ranging from 0.15 to 0.75% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the food composition can be a complete food or a complementary food, preferably the food is a complete food.
- complete food we generally mean a food providing in a balanced way to the individual who ingests it all the materials and nutrients necessary for its life and its development.
- Complementary food qualifies a food distributed in addition to the usual food, generally to specifically supplement the diet with one or more particular ingredients.
- the complete feed, respectively complementary, is formulated according to a classic recipe for complete feed, respectively complementary, for feeding fish.
- the food is a complete food comprising at least the following components: at least one fish meal, at least one fish oil, at least one source of starch chosen from cassava and cereals chosen from wheat, maize and rice, at least one protein source chosen from soybeans and rapeseed in the form of meal or flour, and a premix of vitamins chosen from the group consisting of vitamins A, group B, C , D3, E, K3, and trace elements selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt and selenium.
- cereal by-products chosen in particular from wheat bran, rice bran, broken rice, corn spent grains, corn gluten also called “corn gluten feed”.
- the complete food comprises fish meal, one or two terrestrial animal meals chosen from meat meal, generally bovine and/or pork, and poultry meal, calcium, phosphorus, sodium chloride and synthetic amino acids.
- the food composition is a complete food comprising at least the following components: a fish meal, a fish oil, corn gluten, rice bran, soy flour, cassava, soybean oil, and a premix of vitamins selected from the group consisting of vitamins A, group B, C, D3, E, K3, and trace elements selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt and selenium.
- the complete feed comprises from 5 to 30% by weight of fish meal(s) relative to the total weight of said complete feed.
- the complete feed comprises from 10 to 40% by weight of at least one protein source chosen from soybeans and rapeseed in the form of meal or flour, in particular soy flour compared to the total weight of said complete feed.
- the complete feed comprises 5 to 25% by weight of corn gluten with respect to the total weight of said complete feed.
- the complete food comprises from 5 to 20% by weight of at least one source of starch chosen from cassava and cereals chosen from wheat, corn and rice relative to the total weight. of said complete feed.
- the complete feed comprises 10 to 20% by weight of rice bran relative to the total weight of said complete feed.
- the complete feed comprises from 0.05 to 2.5% by weight of at least one oil relative to the total weight of said complete feed.
- the complete food preferably comprises at least one fish oil or at least one fish oil and one soya oil.
- the complete feed advantageously comprises a premix of vitamins and trace elements, ready to be introduced into the final formulation, called Premix.
- the premix comprises in particular vitamins A, group B, C, D3, E and K3, as well as trace elements such as iron, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt and selenium.
- the complete feed comprises an amount ranging from 0.05 to 5% by weight of Premix relative to the total weight of the complete feed.
- the food composition according to the present invention does not comprise any hydrolyzate other than the keratin hydrolyzate used according to the present invention, which comprises at least 88% by weight of free amino acids with respect to the weight total amino acids of the hydrolyzate, the rest of the amino acids of the hydrolyzate being in the form of peptides having a molecular mass less than or equal to 800 Dalton, in particular the composition according to the present invention does not comprise another hydrolyzate of marine origin.
- the food composition according to the invention can be formulated with the ingredients usually used in compositions for fish food, in particular humectants, thickeners, texture agents, emulsifiers, flavor agents, glazing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, plant extracts, non-protein ingredients such as purified starches, vegetable fibers, minerals.
- humectants usually used in compositions for fish food
- thickeners texture agents, emulsifiers, flavor agents, glazing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, plant extracts, non-protein ingredients such as purified starches, vegetable fibers, minerals.
- the keratin hydrolyzate is incorporated into the food composition by mixing said hydrolyzate with the other components of the complete food.
- the keratin hydrolyzate is applied by coating the surface of the food composition.
- the methods used to carry out these “coating” or “top-coating” steps, in particular by spraying (“spray-coating”) fall within the competence of those skilled in the art.
- the formulation of the food composition for animal feed in accordance with the invention implements conventional processes which are part of the general skills of those skilled in the art.
- the food composition is introduced directly into the water.
- the food composition is used so as to allow administration of said composition ranging from 1% to 5% of the weight of the fish. Depending on its age, the weight of the fish ranges from 4 g to 1 kg.
- the food composition is used in an amount ranging from 20 g/day to 1 kg/day per 100 fish, or even an amount of hydrolyzate used according to the invention ranging from 25 mg to 10 g per 100 fish.
- the food composition according to the invention has advantageous nutritional properties, and bioavailability as well as a high palatability with respect to fish.
- the hydrolyzate described below is used in the food compositions according to the invention.
- the hydrolyzate used according to the invention is obtained by a preparation process in which the keratin material is a keratin material, preferably poultry, comprising at least the following steps, in this order:
- a hydrolyzate comprising at least 88% by weight of free amino acids relative to the total weight of the amino acids of the hydrolyzate, the rest of the amino acids of the hydrolyzate being in the form of peptides having a molecular mass less than or equal to 800 Dalton,
- This hydrolyzate is obtained from natural keratin materials, advantageously from poultry feathers.
- poultry mention may be made of hens, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, etc.
- the hydrolyzate is not obtained from human keratin such as hair.
- the method for preparing said keratin hydrolyzate implements at least one chemical hydrolysis by means of an acid under conditions suitable for obtaining a hydrolyzate comprising at least 88% by weight of free amino acids relative to the total weight.
- amino acids of the hydrolyzate, the rest of the amino acids of the hydrolyzate being in the form of peptides having a molecular mass less than or equal to 800 Dalton.
- the percentage of peptides—having a molecular mass less than or equal to 800 Dalton—in the hydrolyzate generally ranges from 5 to 12% by weight relative to the total weight of the hydrolyzate.
- the chemical hydrolysis of the keratin is carried out using an acid, preferably a strong acid chosen from hydrochloric, phosphoric and sulfuric acids, preferably hydrochloric acid.
- an acid preferably a strong acid chosen from hydrochloric, phosphoric and sulfuric acids, preferably hydrochloric acid.
- the strong acid is used in a concentration ranging from 10 to 30%, preferably from 15 to 25%.
- the chemical hydrolysis is generally carried out for a period ranging from 1 hour to 8 hours, preferably ranging from 6 to 7 hours at a temperature ranging from 100 to 115° C.
- the chemical hydrolysis is carried out in two stages:
- the two hydrolyses can be carried out without an intermediate pause step or by carrying out an intermediate pause step of between 1 hour and 7 days.
- the first chemical hydrolysis is carried out at 72° C. for 4.5 hours and the second chemical hydrolysis is carried out at 107° C. for 6 hours, an intermediate pause of 24 to 80 hours being carried out between the two chemical hydrolyses. .
- the chemical hydrolysis carried out in one or more stages, is advantageously followed by at least one stage of extraction of the cystine and of the tyrosine.
- the cystine and tyrosine extraction step is carried out using a base, preferably chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide.
- a base preferably chosen from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide.
- the addition of a base to the hydrolyzate makes it possible to precipitate the less soluble amino acids (cystine, tyrosine mainly), thus making them separable from the liquid phase by suitable techniques, such as filtration or draining.
- the chemical hydrolysis and cystine and tyrosine extraction steps can be followed by optional drying steps, for example by spray drying.
- the step of extracting cystine and tyrosine can be followed by an optional step of recovering certain amino acids from the precipitate by redissolving the latter in acid, then reprecipitating with a base, the amino acids to be recovered then being in the liquid phase.
- the hydrolyzate used comprises less than 1% by weight of tyrosine relative to the total weight of the hydrolyzate, preferably less than 0.5%, more preferably the hydrolyzate does not contain of tyrosine.
- the hydrolyzate comprises less than 2.5%, preferably less than 1.5% and more preferably less than 1% by weight of cystine relative to the total weight of the hydrolyzate, so Preferably, the hydrolyzate does not contain cystine.
- the hydrolyzate does not include cysteine.
- amino acids of the hydrolyzate exhibit good diffusion in water, which allows good detection of the food compositions according to the invention by fish, which promotes the attraction capacities of the food on said fish.
- a tyrosine and cystine extraction step is carried out, by adjusting the pH to 5 using sodium hydroxide.
- the amino acids which precipitate (mainly cystine and tyrosine) are separated by spinning. Spin water is recovered. The precipitate is redissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, then reprecipitated by adding sodium hydroxide solution, and drained again. The waters of this second spinning are added to those of the first spinning.
- Table 1 shows, for each amino acid present, the content of total amino acids (free and bound) relative to the total weight of the hydrolyzate, as well as the weight fraction of free amino acids (AA)/amino acids ( AA) totals. [0098] [Table 1] The content of free amino acids is 94.3% by weight relative to the weight of total amino acids (free and bound).
- the dry matter content of the hydrolyzate is 98.6% by weight.
- hydrolyzate used according to the invention is also soluble in water, indeed 1 g of hydrolyzate is soluble in 5 mL of water. This solubility gives it interesting properties for the implementation and development of organoleptic characteristics within the final product, in particular a high palatability.
- Example 2 Food compositions
- soy flour, fish flour, corn gluten, rice bran are ground, then mixed cassava flour, hydrolyzate 1 , half the quantities of soy and fish oils and premix.
- the final mix is extruded through a 3mm mesh screen.
- the required amount of hydrolyzate is incorporated as a substitute for the same amount of cassava flour so as to obtain the compositions FAA 0.125; AAF 0.25; AAF 0.375; AAF 0.50 and AAF 1.0.
- the comparative composition FAA was prepared without the hydrolyzate 1.
- the Premix (d) is marketed by the Thai company Atlantic pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, its composition is presented in Table 3.
- Table 4 presents the nutritional values of the compositions.
- Table 5 shows the total amino acid contents of the food compositions in g/kg of composition, raw material. [0119] [Tables]
- the fish used were Nile carp (Nile Tilapia) having an individual initial average weight of 4.76 g ⁇ 0.05 g.
- the fish were acclimatized to laboratory conditions, they were randomly distributed in 15 floating cages of dimension 2.0x1.5x1.5 m3, placed in a cement tank with the following dimensions 7x10x1.5 m3 with a density of 30 fish per cage.
- the fish were fed with a commercial product comprising 32% protein and 4% fat according to a daily amount corresponding to 5% of their weight.
- the food compositions FAA 0; AAF 0.125; AAF 0.25; FAA 0.375 and FAA 0.50 used were formulated.
- the dissolved oxygen rate was 9.61 +0.7 mg/L, the temperature 27.2 +0.70°C, pH 8.37+0.3, alkalinity 215.33+0.03 mg/L and ammoniacal nitrogen less than 0.02 mg/L).
- the fish samples from each treatment were dissected and the livers and intestines were removed aseptically on ice, then rinsed with cold PBS, pH 7.5.
- Liver tissue was ground in a glass homogenizer (0.1 g of liver was added to 0.9 ml of PBS, pH 7.5), then centrifuged at 5000 g for 15 min at 4°C to obtain the supernatant, which was stored at -20°C before being used for the measurement of antioxidant activities.
- the midgut (3 fish/cage) was immediately homogenized in 10 volumes of ice-cold Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) and centrifuged at 5000 g for 15 min at 4°C. The supernatant was kept to measure the activity of the digestive enzymes.
- the total proteins were determined by the Biuret method according to Zheng et al. (2017).
- the initial body weight IBW, the final body weight FBW as well as the average daily gain (ADG) were measured.
- Weight gain in % (WG%) 100 ⁇ (FBW-IBW)/IBW;
- SGR Specific growth rate
- Protein efficiency rate (PER%) 100 ⁇ (FBW-IBW/(consumption of dry food ⁇ protein content of the food).
- ME metabolisable energy
- VSI% 100 x wet weight of viscera and visceral fat / body wet weight
- HSI%) 100 x liver wet weight / body wet weight.
- carcass yield (%) body live weight of the eviscerated fish/body live weight*100.
- the body composition indices were also influenced by the hydrolyzate levels in the food compositions, in particular the viscerosomatic index. Indeed, the VSI values of the fish fed with the compositions according to the invention were significantly reduced compared to the FAA0 control group (P ⁇ 0.05). On the other hand, the carcass yields of the fish fed with the compositions according to the invention were significantly increased compared to the control group (P ⁇ 0.05).
- Example 3.2 Composition of Nets [0151] Whole fillet composition, fillet quality and fatty acid composition analysis
- the instrument was calibrated using a standard white plate; L* (brightness), a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values were recorded in the dorsal and ventral regions of the fish fillet. These measurements were averaged and analyzed as the response for a given net.
- the composition of the fillets was analyzed: the humidity (water content), the crude proteins, the crude lipids and the ashes were measured as described above.
- the increase in the lipid content within the fillets thus reflects better feed efficiency with, in particular, better assimilation and transformation of the energy of the diet, in connection with better digestion of starch.
- the clarity (L*) was modified (P ⁇ 0.05) in the fish fed with the compositions according to the invention, whether in the dorsal region where the values go from 61.5 to 66.7 or in the ventral region where the values go from 65.31 to 74.9.
- the food compositions according to the present invention therefore make it possible to obtain fish with whiter flesh.
- the samples of fish fillets were subjected to measurement of the fatty acid compositions according to the methods described previously by Horwitz, Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. Volume I, agricultural chemicals, contaminants, drugs/edited by William Horwitz. Gaithersburg (Maryland): AOAC International, 1997.
- the fatty acid composition of fish fillets was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) described by Chen et al. in “N-3 essential fatty acids in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Effects of linolenic acid on non-specific immunity and anti-inflammatory responses in juvenile fish. Aquaculture (2016), 450, 250-257. »
- Table 10 shows the fatty acid compositions (mg/g) in the fillets of fish fed for 8 weeks.
- Oleic acid (C18:1 n9c) is a monounsaturated fatty acid, whereas linoleic (C18:2 n6c) and ⁇ -linolenic (C18:3 n3) acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in particular linoleic acid (C18:2 n6c) and linolenic acid (C18:3 n3), increased significantly in all the groups of fish fed with the compositions food according to the invention and proved to be superior to that of the control group (P ⁇ 0.05).
- digestive enzymes in particular amylase, protease and lipase, were evaluated in the intestine of fish.
- amylase activity was measured according to the method of Nater et al. “Stress-induced changes in human salivary alpha-amylase activity-associations with adrenergic activity, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 31 (1), 49-58”. This method is based on the use of 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid which reacts with reducing sugars and other reducing molecules to form 3-amino-5-nitrosalicylic acid. The rate of increase in absorbance was measured spectrophotometrically at 550 nm.
- the determination of the activity of the protease was determined using the azocasein hydrolysis test according to the method of Cupp-Enyard Sigma's nonspecific protease activity assay-casein as a substrate. JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), (19), e899. Absorbance over time was measured spectrophotometrically at 405 nm.
- the lipase activity was determined by Pencreac'h and Baratti, Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate in n-heptane by the Pseudomonas cepacia lipase: a simple test for the determination of lipase activity in organic media.
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology 18(6), 417-422, which uses p-nitrophenylphosphate as a substrate and was measured spectrophotometrically at 550 nm.
- compositions according to the invention led to a significant increase in the activity of the three enzymes tested in the intestine of fish (P ⁇ 0.05).
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109465A FR3126599B1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2021-09-09 | Composition alimentaire pour les poissons comprenant un hydrolysat à hautes teneurs en acides aminés libres et utilisations |
| PCT/EP2022/074890 WO2023036836A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2022-09-07 | Composition alimentaire pour les poissons comprenant un hydrolysat a hautes teneurs en acides amines libres et utilisations |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4398737A1 true EP4398737A1 (fr) | 2024-07-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22773684.0A Pending EP4398737A1 (fr) | 2021-09-09 | 2022-09-07 | Composition alimentaire pour les poissons comprenant un hydrolysat a hautes teneurs en acides amines libres et utilisations |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4398737A1 (fr) |
| EC (1) | ECSP24025648A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3126599B1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX2024002848A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023036836A1 (fr) |
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| US7705116B2 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2010-04-27 | Texas A&M University System | Method and system for solubilizing protein |
| KR20190077104A (ko) * | 2011-12-02 | 2019-07-02 | 프레리 아쿠아 테크 | 고 품질의 단백질 농축물을 위한 미생물 기반의 공정 |
| TR201908203T4 (tr) * | 2014-09-23 | 2019-06-21 | Europharma As | Bir balık yemi ve bunun salmonidae deki alabalıkgiller hemorajik smolt sendromunun (HSS) profilaksisinde ve tedavisinde kullanımı. |
| FR3093275B1 (fr) | 2019-02-28 | 2023-04-14 | Bretagne Chimie Fine | Composition à hautes teneurs en acides aminés libres et utilisation en tant que matière première et aliment complet pour l’alimentation animale. |
-
2021
- 2021-09-09 FR FR2109465A patent/FR3126599B1/fr active Active
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2022
- 2022-09-07 EP EP22773684.0A patent/EP4398737A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-09-07 MX MX2024002848A patent/MX2024002848A/es unknown
- 2022-09-07 WO PCT/EP2022/074890 patent/WO2023036836A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3126599B1 (fr) | 2025-06-06 |
| MX2024002848A (es) | 2024-03-21 |
| WO2023036836A1 (fr) | 2023-03-16 |
| FR3126599A1 (fr) | 2023-03-10 |
| ECSP24025648A (es) | 2024-05-31 |
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