EP4381617A1 - Rapport de forme de faisceau pour positionnement - Google Patents

Rapport de forme de faisceau pour positionnement

Info

Publication number
EP4381617A1
EP4381617A1 EP22747554.8A EP22747554A EP4381617A1 EP 4381617 A1 EP4381617 A1 EP 4381617A1 EP 22747554 A EP22747554 A EP 22747554A EP 4381617 A1 EP4381617 A1 EP 4381617A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
base station
antenna
indication
antenna elements
position estimation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22747554.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marwen Zorgui
Srinivas YERRAMALLI
Alexandros MANOLAKOS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qualcomm Inc
Original Assignee
Qualcomm Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qualcomm Inc filed Critical Qualcomm Inc
Publication of EP4381617A1 publication Critical patent/EP4381617A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/046—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being in the space domain, e.g. beams
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/04—Details
    • G01S1/042—Transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/08—Systems for determining direction or position line
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0236—Assistance data, e.g. base station almanac
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H04B7/06952—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/10—Scheduling measurement reports ; Arrangements for measurement reports
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • H04W64/006—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management with additional information processing, e.g. for direction or speed determination

Definitions

  • aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless communications.
  • Wireless communication systems have developed through various generations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G), a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (including interim 2.5G and 2.75G networks), a third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless service and a fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax).
  • a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G) 1G
  • a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service including interim 2.5G and 2.75G networks
  • 3G third-generation
  • 4G fourth-generation
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • PCS personal communications service
  • Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), etc.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • GSM
  • a fifth generation (5G) wireless standard referred to as New Radio (NR) calls for higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements.
  • the 5G standard according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, is designed to provide data rates of several tens of megabits per second to each of tens of thousands of users, with 1 gigabit per second to tens of workers on an office floor. Several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections should be supported in order to support large sensor deployments. Consequently, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly enhanced compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiencies should be enhanced and latency should be substantially reduced compared to current standards.
  • a method of operating a base station includes determining an antenna configuration associated with the base station; determining a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; reporting an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and reporting an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • the indication of the table is reported via location assistance data, or the indication of the table is reported on-demand.
  • a method of operating a position estimation entity includes receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; receiving, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and determining beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • the indication of the table is received via location assistance data, or the indication of the table is received on-demand.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • a method of operating a base station includes determining a first beam shape of a first beam; determining a second beam shape of a second beam; determining transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and reporting the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • the method includes receiving, from the position estimation entity, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • a method of operating a position estimation entity includes receiving, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and determining the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • the transformation information is received via location assistance data, or the transformation information is received on-demand.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • the method includes transmitting, to the base station, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • a base station includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: determine an antenna configuration associated with the base station; determine a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; report an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and report an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a position estimation entity includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and determine beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • the indication of the table is received via location assistance data, or the indication of the table is received on-demand.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a base station includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: determine a first beam shape of a first beam; determine a second beam shape of a second beam; determine transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and report the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one processor is further configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the position estimation entity, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • a position estimation entity includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and determine the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • the transformation information is received via location assistance data, or the transformation information is received on-demand.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station. [0076] In some aspects, the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station. [0077] In some aspects, the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least one processor is further configured to: transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to the base station, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • a base station includes means for determining an antenna configuration associated with the base station; means for determining a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; means for reporting an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and means for reporting an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports. [0090] In some aspects, the indication of the table is reported via location assistance data, or the indication of the table is reported on-demand.
  • a position estimation entity includes means for receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; means for receiving, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and means for determining beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • the indication of the table is received via location assistance data, or the indication of the table is received on-demand.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a base station includes means for determining a first beam shape of a first beam; means for determining a second beam shape of a second beam; means for determining transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and means for reporting the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • the method includes means for receiving, from the position estimation entity, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • aposition estimation entity includes means for receiving, from abase station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and means for determining the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • the transformation information is received via location assistance data, or the transformation information is received on-demand.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • the method includes means for transmitting, to the base station, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to: determine an antenna configuration associated with the base station; determine a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; report an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and report an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • the indication of the table is reported via location assistance data, or the indication of the table is reported on-demand.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a position estimation entity, cause the position estimation entity to: receive, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; receive, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and determine beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • the indication of the table is received via location assistance data, or the indication of the table is received on-demand.
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to: determine a first beam shape of a first beam; determine a second beam shape of a second beam; determine transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and report the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station. [0142] In some aspects, the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • instructions that, when executed by base station, further cause the base station to:
  • the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a position estimation entity, cause the position estimation entity to: receive, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and determine the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • the transformation information is received via location assistance data, or the transformation information is received on-demand.
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station. [0152] In some aspects, the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.
  • UE user equipment
  • base station base station
  • network entity network entity
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating various downlink channels within an example downlink slot, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example downlink positioning reference signal (DL- PRS) configuration for two transmission-reception points (TRPs) operating in a same positioning frequency layer, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • DL- PRS downlink positioning reference signal
  • FIG. 7 illustrates examples of various positioning methods supported in New Radio (NR), according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example base station in communication with an example UE, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary process of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary process of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary process of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary process of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • sequences of actions are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s) of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirely within any form of non- transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of a device to perform the functionality described herein.
  • ASICs application specific integrated circuits
  • a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (loT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network.
  • a UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN).
  • RAN radio access network
  • the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof.
  • AT access terminal
  • client device a “wireless device”
  • subscriber device a “subscriber terminal”
  • a “subscriber station” a “user terminal” or “UT”
  • UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • a base station may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc.
  • AP access point
  • eNB evolved NodeB
  • ng-eNB next generation eNB
  • NR New Radio
  • a base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and/or signaling connections for the supported UEs.
  • a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and/or network management functions.
  • a communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.).
  • a communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.).
  • DL downlink
  • forward link channel e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.
  • traffic channel can refer to either an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.
  • the term “base station” may refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located.
  • TRP transmission-reception point
  • the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station.
  • base station refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs
  • the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station).
  • DAS distributed antenna system
  • RRH remote radio head
  • the non-co-located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring.
  • RF radio frequency
  • a base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and/or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and/or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs.
  • a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and/or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs).
  • An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver.
  • a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver.
  • the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels.
  • a same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal.
  • an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from the context that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS”) and various UEs 104.
  • the base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and/or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations).
  • the macro cell base stations may include eNBs and/or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.
  • the base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)).
  • the location server(s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170.
  • a location server 172 may be integrated with a base station 102.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 directly or indirectly.
  • a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently serving that UE 104.
  • a UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), and so on.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • AP access point
  • communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signaling diagram for clarity.
  • the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages.
  • the base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC / 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.
  • the base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells may be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110.
  • a “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) for distinguishing cells operating via a same or a different carrier frequency.
  • PCI physical cell identifier
  • ECI enhanced cell identifier
  • VCI virtual cell identifier
  • CGI cell global identifier
  • different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband loT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs.
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • NB-IoT narrowband loT
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context.
  • the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably.
  • the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.
  • While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110.
  • a small cell base station 102' (labeled “SC” for “small cell”) may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102.
  • a network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network.
  • a heterogeneous network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).
  • HeNBs home eNBs
  • CSG closed subscriber group
  • the communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.
  • the communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity.
  • the communication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink).
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz).
  • WLAN STAs 152 and/or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • LBT listen before talk
  • the small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use a same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102', employing LTE / 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and/or increase capacity of the access network.
  • NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U.
  • LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182.
  • Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave.
  • Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters.
  • the super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave.
  • the mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and/or receive) over a mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.
  • one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.
  • Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction.
  • a network node e.g., a base station
  • broadcasts an RF signal it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omni-directionally).
  • the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receiving device(s).
  • a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal.
  • a network node may use an array of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antenna array”) that creates abeam of RF waves that can be “steered” to point in different directions, without actually moving the antennas.
  • the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.
  • Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to the receiver (e.g., a UE) as having a same parameters, regardless of whether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselves are physically co-located.
  • the receiver e.g., a UE
  • QCL relation of a given type means that certain parameters about a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about a source reference RF signal on a source beam.
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on a same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type B
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on a same channel.
  • the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on a same channel.
  • the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receive parameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on a same channel.
  • the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver can increase the gain setting and/or adjust the phase setting of an array of antennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase the gain level of) the RF signals received from that direction.
  • a receiver when a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver.
  • This results in a stronger received signal strength e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • SINR signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio
  • Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related.
  • a spatial relation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal.
  • a UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station.
  • the UE can then form a transmit beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.
  • an uplink reference signal e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)
  • a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlink beam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink reference signal.
  • an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.
  • the frequency spectrum in which wireless nodes is divided into multiple frequency ranges, FR1 (from 450 to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2).
  • mmW frequency bands generally include the FR2, FR3, and FR4 frequency ranges.
  • the terms “mmW” and “FR2” or “FR3” or “FR4” may generally be used interchangeably.
  • the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104/182 and the cell in which the UE 104/182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case).
  • a secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources.
  • the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency.
  • the secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104/182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. A same is true for the uplink primary carriers.
  • the network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104/182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can be used interchangeably.
  • one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and/or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers (“SCells”).
  • PCell anchor carrier
  • SCells secondary carriers
  • the simultaneous transmission and/or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104/182 to significantly increase its data transmission and/or reception rates.
  • two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and/or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link 184.
  • the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.
  • any of the illustrated UEs may receive signals 124 from one or more Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites).
  • SVs Earth orbiting space vehicles
  • the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that a UE 104 can use as an independent source of location information.
  • a satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) to determine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part, on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters.
  • Such a transmitter typically transmits a signal marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips. While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and/or other UEs 104.
  • a UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo location information from the SVs 112.
  • a satellite positioning system the use of signals 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and/or regional navigation satellite systems.
  • SBAS satellite-based augmentation systems
  • an SBAS may include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), and/or the like.
  • WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
  • GNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service
  • MSAS Multifunctional Satellite Augmentation System
  • GPS Global Positioning System Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system
  • GAN Global Positioning System
  • a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and/or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or
  • SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more nonterrestrial networks (NTNs).
  • NTN nonterrestrial networks
  • an SV 112 is connected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to an element in a 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in a 5GC.
  • This element would in turn provide access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities external to the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other user devices.
  • a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g., signals 124) from an SV 112 instead of, or in addition to, communication signals from a terrestrial base station 102.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”).
  • D2D device-to-device
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity).
  • the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth®, and so on.
  • FIG. 2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200.
  • a 5GC 210 also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC)
  • C-plane control plane
  • U-plane user plane
  • User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210 and specifically to the user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively.
  • an ng-eNB 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212. Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223.
  • a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).
  • a location server 230 which may be in communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for UE(s) 204.
  • the location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may be external to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).
  • OEM original equipment manufacturer
  • FIG. 2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 250.
  • a 5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewed functionally as control plane functions, provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions, provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260).
  • AMF access and mobility management function
  • UPF user plane function
  • the functions of the AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF).
  • the AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • the AMF 264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF.
  • the functions of the AMF 264 also include security context management (SCM).
  • SCM receives a key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys.
  • the functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location services management for regulatory services, transport for location services messages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a location server 230), transport for location services messages between the NG-RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification.
  • LMF location management function
  • EPS evolved packet system
  • the AMF 264 also supports functionalities for non-3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.
  • Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra-/inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink/ downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” to the source RAN node.
  • the UPF 262 may also support transfer of location services messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a location server, such as an SLP 272.
  • the functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • the interface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 is referred to as the Nil interface.
  • Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be in communication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs 204.
  • the LMF 270 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.
  • the LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and/or via the Internet (not illustrated).
  • the SLP 272 may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signaling messages and not voice or data), the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs 204 and external clients (not shown in FIG. 2B) over a user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and/or data like the transmission control protocol (TCP) and/or IP).
  • TCP transmission control protocol
  • User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220.
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred to as the “N2” interface
  • the interface between gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface.
  • the gNB(s) 222 and/or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicate directly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to as the “Xn-C” interface.
  • One or more of gNBs 222 and/or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referred to as the “Uu” interface.
  • a gNB 222 The functionality of a gNB 222 is divided between a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226 and one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228.
  • the interface 232 between the gNB- CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “Fl” interface.
  • a gNB- CU 226 is a logical node that includes the base station functions of transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to the gNB-DU(s) 228.
  • the gNB-CU 226 hosts the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • SDAP service data adaptation protocol
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • a gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that hosts the radio link control (RLC), medium access control (MAC), and physical (PHY) layers of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226.
  • One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228.
  • a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers and with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the file transmission operations as taught herein.
  • a UE 302 which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein
  • a base station 304 which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein
  • a network entity 306 which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220
  • these components may be implemented in different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.).
  • the illustrated components may also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communication system.
  • other apparatuses in a system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality.
  • a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components.
  • an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and/or communicate via different technologies.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and/or the like.
  • WWAN wireless wide area network
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time/frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum).
  • a wireless communication medium of interest e.g., some set of time/frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum.
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest.
  • RAT e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, Z-Wave®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively.
  • the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth® transceivers, Zigbee® and/or Z-Wave® transceivers, NFC transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and/or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceivers.
  • the UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and/or measuring satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), QuasiZenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • GLONASS global navigation satellite system
  • Galileo signals Galileo signals
  • Beidou signals Beidou signals
  • NAVIC Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
  • QZSS QuasiZenith Satellite System
  • the satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and/or user data) originating from a 5G network.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may comprise any suitable hardware and/or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning/communication signals 338 and 378, respectively.
  • the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and, at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations of the UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.
  • the base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306).
  • the base station 304 may employ the one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links.
  • the network entity 306 may employ the one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.
  • a transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link.
  • a transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362).
  • a transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodying transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in some implementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodied in other ways in other implementations.
  • the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports.
  • Wireless transmitter circuitry e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364
  • wireless receiver circuitry may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein.
  • the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry may share a same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at a same time.
  • a wireless transceiver e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360
  • NLM network listen module
  • the various wireless transceivers e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • wired transceivers e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • a transceiver at least one transceiver
  • wired transceivers e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations
  • backhaul communication between network devices or servers will generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver
  • wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via a wireless transceiver.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality.
  • the processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc.
  • processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information (e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, and so on).
  • the memories 340, 386, and 396 may therefore provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may include beam shape component 342, 388, and 398, respectively.
  • the beam shape component 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.
  • the beam shape component 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.).
  • the beam shape component 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the beam shape component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the beam shape component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3B illustrates possible locations of the beam shape component 388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • FIG. 3C illustrates possible locations of the beam shape component 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or more network transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.
  • the UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and/or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and/or the satellite signal receiver 330.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and/or any other type of movement detection sensor.
  • MEMS micro-electrical mechanical systems
  • the senor(s) 344 may include a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information.
  • the sensor(s) 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensors to provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D) and/or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.
  • the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to a user and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).
  • a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and/or visual indications) to a user and/or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on).
  • the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.
  • IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 may implement functionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer.
  • PDCP packet data convergence protocol
  • RLC radio link control
  • MAC medium access control
  • the one or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
  • RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system
  • the transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (LI) functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • Layer-1 which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)).
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
  • M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
  • M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
  • Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream.
  • OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams.
  • Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing.
  • the channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302.
  • Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356.
  • the transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 316.
  • the receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 332.
  • the transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer- 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • the receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by the receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream.
  • the receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT).
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal.
  • the symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, which implements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.
  • L3 Layer-3
  • L2 Layer-2
  • the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network.
  • the one or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the one or more processors 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
  • RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting
  • Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing.
  • the spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s) 316.
  • the transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • the uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 302.
  • the receiver 352 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 356.
  • the receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 384.
  • the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may be provided to the core network.
  • the one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.
  • the UE 302, the base station 304, and/or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs. In particular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations and the various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of the device, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG.
  • a particular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth capability without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit the sensor(s) 344, and so on.
  • WWAN transceiver(s) 310 e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or PC or laptop may have Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth capability without cellular capability
  • the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 320 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • satellite signal receiver 330 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite receiver 370, and so on.
  • WWAN transceiver(s) 350 e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability
  • the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 e.g., cellular-only, etc.
  • satellite receiver 370 e.g., satellite receiver
  • the various components of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to each other over data buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively.
  • the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306, respectively.
  • the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may provide communication between them.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in various ways.
  • the components of FIGS. 3 A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one or more processors and/or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors).
  • each circuit may use and/or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality.
  • some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components).
  • some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Also, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the network entity 306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and/or by appropriate configuration of processor components). For simplicity, various operations, acts, and/or functions are described herein as being performed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc.
  • the network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may be distinct from a network operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and/or 5GC 210/260). For example, the network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellular communication link, such as WiFi).
  • Various frame structures may be used to support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (e.g., base stations and UEs).
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example frame structure, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the frame structure may be a downlink or uplink frame structure.
  • Other wireless communications technologies may have different frame structures and/or different channels.
  • LTE and in some cases NR, utilizes OFDM on the downlink and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink.
  • SC-FDM single-carrier frequency division multiplexing
  • OFDM and SC-FDM partition the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also commonly referred to as tones, bins, etc.
  • K multiple orthogonal subcarriers
  • Each subcarrier may be modulated with data.
  • modulation symbols are sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and in the time domain with SC-FDM.
  • the spacing between adjacent subcarriers may be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) may be dependent on the system bandwidth.
  • the spacing of the subcarriers may be 15 kilohertz (kHz) and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) may be 12 subcarriers (or 180 kHz). Consequently, the nominal FFT size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048 for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 megahertz (MHz), respectively.
  • the system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for system bandwidth of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 MHz, respectively.
  • LTE supports a single numerology (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.).
  • p subcarrier spacing
  • there are 14 symbols per slot. For 15 kHz SCS (p 0), there is one slot per subframe, 10 slots per frame, the slot duration is 1 millisecond (ms), the symbol duration is 66.7 microseconds (ps), and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 50.
  • For 120 kHz SCS (p 3), there are eight slots per subframe, 80 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.125 ms, the symbol duration is 8.33 JJ.S, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 400.
  • For 240 kHz SCS (p 4), there are 16 slots per subframe, 160 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.0625 ms, the symbol duration is 4.17 ps, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 800.
  • a numerology of 15 kHz is used.
  • a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes of 1 ms each, and each subframe includes one time slot.
  • time is represented horizontally (on the X axis) with time increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y axis) with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.
  • a resource grid may be used to represent time slots, each time slot including one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain.
  • RBs time-concurrent resource blocks
  • PRBs physical RBs
  • the resource grid is further divided into multiple resource elements (REs).
  • An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain.
  • an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs.
  • an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and six consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs.
  • the number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
  • the REs may carry reference (pilot) signals (RS).
  • the reference signals may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSBs), sounding reference signals (SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure is used for uplink or downlink communication.
  • PRS positioning reference signals
  • TRS tracking reference signals
  • PTRS phase tracking reference signals
  • CRS cell-specific reference signals
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signals
  • DMRS demodulation reference signals
  • PSS primary synchronization signals
  • SSS secondary synchronization signals
  • SSBs synchronization signal blocks
  • SRS sounding reference signals
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating various downlink channels within an example downlink slot.
  • time is represented horizontally (on the X axis) with time increasing from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y axis) with frequency increasing (or decreasing) from bottom to top.
  • a numerology of 15 kHz is used.
  • the illustrated slot is one millisecond (ms) in length, divided into 14 symbols.
  • the channel bandwidth, or system bandwidth is divided into multiple bandwidth parts (BWPs).
  • a BWP is a contiguous set of RBs selected from a contiguous subset of the common RBs for a given numerology on a given carrier.
  • a maximum of four BWPs can be specified in the downlink and uplink. That is, a UE can be configured with up to four BWPs on the downlink, and up to four BWPs on the uplink. Only one BWP (uplink or downlink) may be active at a given time, meaning the UE may only receive or transmit over one BWP at a time.
  • the bandwidth of each BWP should be equal to or greater than the bandwidth of the SSB, but it may or may not contain the SSB.
  • a primary synchronization signal is used by a UE to determine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
  • a secondary synchronization signal is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a PCI. Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DL-RS.
  • the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) which carries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form an SSB (also referred to as an SS/PBCH).
  • MIB master information block
  • the MIB provides a number of RBs in the downlink system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN).
  • the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH, such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.
  • SIBs system information blocks
  • the physical downlink control channel carries downlink control information (DCI) within one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE including one or more RE group (REG) bundles (which may span multiple symbols in the time domain), each REG bundle including one or more REGs, each REG corresponding to 12 resource elements (one resource block) in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • CCEs control channel elements
  • REG bundles which may span multiple symbols in the time domain
  • each REG bundle including one or more REGs
  • CORESET control resource set
  • a PDCCH is confined to a single CORESET and is transmitted with its own DMRS. This enables UE-specific beamforming for the PDCCH.
  • the CORESET spans three symbols (although it may be only one or two symbols) in the time domain.
  • PDCCH channels are localized to a specific region in the frequency domain (i.e., a CORESET).
  • the frequency component of the PDCCH shown in FIG. 5 is illustrated as less than a single BWP in the frequency domain. Note that although the illustrated CORESET is contiguous in the frequency domain, it need not be. In addition, the CORESET may span less than three symbols in the time domain.
  • the DCI within the PDCCH carries information about uplink resource allocation (persistent and non-persistent) and descriptions about downlink data transmitted to the UE, referred to as uplink and downlink grants, respectively. More specifically, the DCI indicates the resources scheduled for the downlink data channel (e.g., PDSCH) and the uplink data channel (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)). Multiple (e.g., up to eight) DCIs can be configured in the PDCCH, and these DCIs can have one of multiple formats. For example, there are different DCI formats for uplink scheduling, for downlink scheduling, for uplink transmit power control (TPC), etc.
  • a PDCCH may be transported by 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs in order to accommodate different DCI payload sizes or coding rates.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example PRS configuration for two TRPs (labeled “TRP1” and “TRP2”) operating in a same positioning frequency layer (labeled “Positioning Frequency Layer 1”), according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • a UE may be provided with assistance data indicating the illustrated PRS configuration.
  • the first TRP (“TRP1”) is associated with (e.g., transmits) two PRS resource sets, labeled “PRS Resource Set 1” and “PRS Resource Set 2,” and the second TRP (“TRP2”) is associated with one PRS resource set, labeled “PRS Resource Set 3.”
  • Each PRS resource set comprises at least two PRS resources.
  • the first PRS resource set (“PRS Resource Set 1”) includes PRS resources labeled “PRS Resource 1” and “PRS Resource 2”
  • the second PRS resource set (“PRS Resource Set 2”) includes PRS resources labeled “PRS Resource 3” and “PRS Resource 4”
  • the third PRS resource set (“PRS Resource Set 3”) includes PRS resources labeled “PRS Resource 5” and “PRS Resource 6.”
  • NR supports a number of cellular network-based positioning technologies, including downlink-based, uplink-based, and downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods.
  • Downlink-based positioning methods include observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) in NR.
  • OTDOA observed time difference of arrival
  • DL-TDOA downlink time difference of arrival
  • DL-AoD downlink angle-of-departure
  • FIG. 7 illustrates examples of various positioning methods, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • a UE measures the differences between the times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from pairs of base stations, referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, and reports them to a positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each of the non-reference base stations. Based on the known locations of the involved base stations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity can estimate the UE’s location.
  • ToAs times of arrival
  • PRS positioning reference signals
  • RSTD reference signal time difference
  • TDOA time difference of arrival
  • the positioning entity uses a beam report from the UE of received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmit beams to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the transmitting base station(s). The positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE based on the determined angle(s) and the known location(s) of the transmitting base station(s).
  • Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA).
  • UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE.
  • uplink reference signals e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)
  • SRS sounding reference signals
  • one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from a UE on one or more uplink receive beams.
  • the positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the angle(s) of the receive beam(s) to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the base station(s). Based on the determined angle(s) and the known location(s) of the base station(s), the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.
  • Downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods include enhanced cell-ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as “multi-cell RTT” and “multi-RTT”).
  • E-CID enhanced cell-ID
  • RTT multi-round-trip-time
  • a first entity e.g., a base station or a UE
  • a second entity e.g., a UE or base station
  • a second RTT-related signal e.g., an SRS or PRS
  • Each entity measures the time difference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is referred to as a reception-to-transmission (Rx- Tx) time difference.
  • the Rx-Tx time difference measurement may be made, or may be adjusted, to include only a time difference between nearest subframe boundaries for the received and transmitted signals.
  • Both entities may then send their Rx-Tx time difference measurement to a location server (e.g., an LMF 270), which calculates the round trip propagation time (i. e. , RTT) between the two entities from the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements).
  • a location server e.g., an LMF 270
  • one entity may send its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other entity, which then calculates the RTT.
  • the distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and the known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light).
  • a first entity e.g., a UE or base station
  • multiple second entities e.g., multiple base stations or UEs
  • RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy, as illustrated by scenario 740.
  • the E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements.
  • RRM radio resource management
  • the UE reports the serving cell ID, the timing advance (TA), and the identifiers, estimated timing, and signal strength of detected neighbor base stations.
  • the location of the UE is then estimated based on this information and the known locations of the base station(s).
  • a location server may provide assistance data to the UE.
  • the assistance data may include identifiers of the base stations (or the cells/TRPs of the base stations) from which to measure reference signals, the reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive positioning subframes, periodicity of positioning subframes, muting sequence, frequency hopping sequence, reference signal identifier, reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and/or other parameters applicable to the particular positioning method.
  • the assistance data may originate directly from the base stations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, etc.).
  • the UE may be able to detect neighbor network nodes itself without the use of assistance data.
  • the assistance data may further include an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty, or search window, around the expected RSTD.
  • the value range of the expected RSTD may be +/- 500 microseconds (ps).
  • the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be +/- 32 ps.
  • the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be +/- 8 ps.
  • a location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as a position estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like.
  • a location estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprise a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of a location.
  • a location estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude).
  • a location estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included with some specified or default level of confidence).
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram 800 illustrating a base station (BS) 802 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein) in communication with a UE 804 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein).
  • the base station 802 may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 804 on one or more transmit beams 802a, 802b, 802c, 802d, 802e, 802f, 802g, 802h, each having a beam identifier that can be used by the UE 804 to identify the respective beam.
  • the base station 802 may perform a “beam sweep” by transmitting first beam 802a, then beam 802b, and so on until lastly transmitting beam 802h.
  • the base station 802 may transmit beams 802a - 802h in some pattern, such as beam 802a, then beam 802h, then beam 802b, then beam 802g, and so on.
  • each antenna array may perform a beam sweep of a subset of the beams 802a - 802h.
  • each of beams 802a - 802h may correspond to a single antenna or antenna array.
  • FIG. 8 further illustrates the paths 812c, 812d, 812e, 812f, and 812g followed by the beamformed signal transmitted on beams 802c, 802d, 802e, 802f, and 802g, respectively.
  • Each path 812c, 812d, 812e, 812f, 812g may correspond to a single “multipath” or, due to the propagation characteristics of radio frequency (RF) signals through the environment, may be comprised of a plurality (a cluster) of “multipaths.” Note that although only the paths for beams 802c - 802g are shown, this is for simplicity, and the signal transmitted on each of beams 802a - 802h will follow some path.
  • the paths 812c, 812d, 812e, and 812f are straight lines, while path 812g reflects off an obstacle 820 (e.g., a building, vehicle, terrain feature, etc.).
  • the UE 804 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 802 on one or more receive beams 804a, 804b, 804c, 804d.
  • the beams illustrated in FIG. 8 represent either transmit beams or receive beams, depending on which of the base station 802 and the UE 804 is transmitting and which is receiving.
  • the UE 804 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 802 on one or more of the beams 804a - 804d, and the base station 802 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 804 on one or more of the beams 802a - 802h.
  • the base station 802 and the UE 804 may perform beam training to align the transmit and receive beams of the base station 802 and the UE 804. For example, depending on environmental conditions and other factors, the base station 802 and the UE 804 may determine that the best transmit and receive beams are 802d and 804b, respectively, or beams 802e and 804c, respectively.
  • the direction of the best transmit beam for the base station 802 may or may not be a same as the direction of the best receive beam, and likewise, the direction of the best receive beam for the UE 804 may or may not be a same as the direction of the best transmit beam. Note, however, that aligning the transmit and receive beams is not necessary to perform a downlink angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) or uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning procedure.
  • DL-AoD downlink angle-of-departure
  • U-AoA uplink angle-of-arrival
  • the base station 802 may transmit reference signals (e.g., PRS, CRS, TRS, CSI-RS, PSS, SSS, etc.) to the UE 804 on one or more of beams 802a - 802h, with each beam having a different transmit angle.
  • the different transmit angles of the beams will result in different received signal strengths (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) at the UE 804.
  • the received signal strength will be lower for transmit beams 802a - 802h that are further from the line of sight (LOS) path 810 between the base station 802 and the UE 804 than for transmit beams 802a - 802h that are closer to the LOS path 810.
  • LOS line of sight
  • the reference signals transmitted on some beams may not reach the UE 804, or energy reaching the UE 804 from these beams may be so low that the energy may not be detectable or at least can be ignored.
  • the UE 804 can report the received signal strength, and optionally, the associated measurement quality, of each measured transmit beam 802c - 802g to the base station 802, or alternatively, the identity of the transmit beam having the highest received signal strength (beam 802e in the example of FIG. 8).
  • the UE 804 is also engaged in a round-trip-time (RTT) or time-difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning session with at least one base station 802 or a plurality of base stations 802, respectively, the UE 804 can report reception-to-transmission (Rx-Tx) time difference or reference signal time difference (RSTD) measurements (and optionally the associated measurement qualities), respectively, to the serving base station 802 or other positioning entity.
  • RTT round-trip-time
  • TDOA time-difference of arrival
  • the positioning entity e.g., the base station 802, a location server, a third-party client, UE 804, etc.
  • the positioning entity can estimate the angle from the base station 802 to the UE 804 as the AoD of the transmit beam having the highest received signal strength at the UE 804, here, transmit beam 802e.
  • the base station 802 and the UE 804 can perform a round-trip-time (RTT) procedure to determine the distance between the base station 802 and the UE 804.
  • RTT round-trip-time
  • the positioning entity can determine both the direction to the UE 804 (using DL-AoD positioning) and the distance to the UE 804 (using RTT positioning) to estimate the location of the UE 804.
  • the AoD of the transmit beam having the highest received signal strength does not necessarily he along the LOS path 810, as shown in FIG. 8. However, for DL-AoD-based positioning purposes, it is assumed to do so.
  • each involved base station 802 can report, to the serving base station 802, the determined AoD from the respective base station 802 to the UE 804, or the RSRP measurements.
  • the serving base station 802 may then report the AoDs or RSRP measurements from the other involved base station(s) 802 to the positioning entity (e.g., UE 804 for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning).
  • the positioning entity can estimate a location of the UE 804 as the intersection of the determined AoDs.
  • There should be at least two involved base stations 802 for a two- dimensional (2D) location solution but as will be appreciated, the more base stations 802 that are involved in the positioning procedure, the more accurate the estimated location of the UE 804 will be.
  • the UE 804 transmits uplink reference signals (e.g., UL-PRS, SRS, DMRS, etc.) to the base station 802 on one or more of uplink transmit beams 804a - 804d.
  • the base station 802 receives the uplink reference signals on one or more of uplink receive beams 802a - 802h.
  • the base station 802 determines the angle of the best receive beams 802a - 802h used to receive the one or more reference signals from the UE 804 as the AoA from the UE 804 to itself.
  • each of the receive beams 802a - 802h will result in a different received signal strength (e.g., RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, etc.) of the one or more reference signals at the base station 802.
  • the channel impulse response of the one or more reference signals will be smaller for receive beams 802a - 802h that are further from the actual LOS path between the base station 802 and the UE 804 than for receive beams 802a - 802h that are closer to the LOS path.
  • the received signal strength will be lower for receive beams 802a - 802h that are further from the LOS path than for receive beams 802a - 802h that are closer to the LOS path.
  • the base station 802 identifies the receive beam 802a - 802h that results in the highest received signal strength and, optionally, the strongest channel impulse response, and estimates the angle from itself to the UE 804 as the AoA of that receive beam 802a- 802h.
  • the AoA of the receive beam 802a - 802h resulting in the highest received signal strength (and strongest channel impulse response if measured) does not necessarily he along the LOS path 810. However, for UL-AoA-based positioning purposes in FR2, it may be assumed to do so.
  • the UE 804 is illustrated as being capable of beamforming, this is not necessary for DL-AoD and UL-AoA positioning procedures. Rather, the UE 804 may receive and transmit on an omni-directional antenna.
  • the UE 804 is estimating its location (i.e., the UE is the positioning entity), it needs to obtain the geographic location of the base station 802.
  • the UE 804 may obtain the location from, for example, the base station 802 itself or a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272).
  • a location server e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272.
  • the UE 804 can estimate its location.
  • the base station 802 reports the AoA of the receive beam 802a- 802h resulting in the highest received signal strength (and optionally strongest channel impulse response) of the reference signals received from the UE 804, or all received signal strengths and channel impulse responses for all receive beams 802 (which allows the positioning entity to determine the best receive beam 802a - 802h).
  • the base station 802 may additionally report the Rx-Tx time difference to the UE 804.
  • the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE 804 based on the UE’s 804 distance to the base station 802, the AoA of the identified receive beam 802a - 802h, and the known geographic location of the base station 802.
  • a beam generally includes a main lobe and a number of side lobes.
  • An antenna boresight direction is the axis of maximum gain (maximum radiated power) of a directional antenna, and is generally aligned with (centered) with the main lobe.
  • the beam shape which may generally correspond to the shape of the main lobe, may be used for both UE-assisted position estimation schemes and UE-based position estimation schemes.
  • one or more of the following may be used to enhance the signaling to the UE for the purpose of PRS resource(s) measurement and reporting, e.g.:
  • the LMF may explicitly identify adjacent beams in the assistance data (AD),
  • the LMF may send the beam information in the AD with an order of priority of PRS resources,
  • the LMF includes boresight direction information for each PRS resource in the AD, or
  • the LMF may send the beam information in the AD with an indicated subset of PRS resources.
  • the beam/antenna information (generally referred to herein as antenna configuration) may optionally provided by the LMF to gNB, e.g.:
  • the gNB reports the antenna configuration including one or more of the number of antenna elements (vertical and horizontal), antenna spacing (horizontal delta dh and vertical delta dv). It has also been contemplated for the LMF to further provide precoder information for each PRS resource for discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based beams (e.g., check whether the already reported boresight directions are sufficient, or whether more information is needed), antenna element patern information, information related to panel/orientation, etc.
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • the gNB reports a mapping of angle and beam gains for each of the PRS resources. To this end, it has been contemplated for the gNB to further report a representation of the mapping may be reported, such as a parametric function approximating the beam response, or gain/angle table, beamwidth, intersection point of multiple beams (angle, RSRP) intersection point), etc.
  • a representation of the mapping may be reported, such as a parametric function approximating the beam response, or gain/angle table, beamwidth, intersection point of multiple beams (angle, RSRP) intersection point), etc.
  • the gNB beam/antenna information may optionally be provided to the UE by the LMF (e.g., via AD) for UE- based DL-AoD.
  • the gNB may report a representation of the angle and beam gains in some form as noted in Option 6 above.
  • the angle space e.g., 0-360 degrees
  • the corresponding array gain may need to be provided.
  • the accuracy of the angle estimation will depend on the accuracy level of the beam representation.
  • analog beamforming uses a codebook that permits a limited choice of beams.
  • Each beam is obtained by applying a phase shift and an amplitude shift to the signal at each radiating element.
  • the number of possible phase shifts (and amplitude shifts) is limited and is described by a certain number of bits. For example, assuming 2 phase shifter bits, ⁇ 90 degrees resolution may be achieved.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary process 900 of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the process 900 may be performed by a BS, such as BS 304.
  • BS 304 determines an antenna configuration associated with the base station.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements includes a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing (dv), horizontal antenna spacing (dh), or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration may include precoder information for each PRS resource for DFT-based beams (e.g., check whether the already reported boresight directions are sufficient, or whether more information is needed), antenna element pattern information, information related to panel/orientation, and so on.
  • BS 304 e.g., beam shape component 388, processor(s) 394, etc.
  • a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the table of 920 can be configured in various ways. For example, the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof (e.g., some antenna elements are mapped individually while other antenna elements are mapped in groups).
  • BS 304 (e.g., transmitter 314 or 324, network transceiver(s) 380, etc.) reports an indication of the table to a position estimation entity (e.g., LMF integrated at BS 304 or remote entity such as network entity 306 or remote location server or UE in case of UE-based position estimation).
  • a position estimation entity e.g., LMF integrated at BS 304 or remote entity such as network entity 306 or remote location server or UE in case of UE-based position estimation.
  • BS 304 itself may correspond to the position estimation entity, in which the reporting of 930 corresponds to an internal transfer of data between logical components.
  • BS 304 (e.g., transmitter 314 or 324, network transceiver(s) 380, etc.) reports an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity (e.g., LMF integrated at BS 304 or remote entity such as network entity 306 or remote location server or UE in case of UE-based position estimation).
  • the position estimation entity e.g., LMF integrated at BS 304 or remote entity such as network entity 306 or remote location server or UE in case of UE-based position estimation.
  • BS 304 itself may correspond to the position estimation entity, in which the reporting of 940 corresponds to an internal transfer of data between logical components.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary process 1000 of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the process 1000 may be performed by a position estimation entity, such as UE 302 (e.g., for UE-based position estimation) or BS 304 (e.g., LMF integrated in RAN) or network entity 306 (e.g., LMF integrated in core network component, a location server, etc.).
  • a position estimation entity such as UE 302 (e.g., for UE-based position estimation) or BS 304 (e.g., LMF integrated in RAN) or network entity 306 (e.g., LMF integrated in core network component, a location server, etc.).
  • the position estimation entity receives, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station.
  • an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements includes a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing (dv), horizontal antenna spacing (dh), or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration may include precoder information for each PRS resource for DFT-based beams (e.g., check whether the already reported boresight directions are sufficient, or whether more information is needed), antenna element pattern information, information related to panel/orientation, and so on.
  • BS 304 itself may correspond to the position estimation entity, in which the reception of 1010 corresponds to an internal transfer of data between logical components.
  • the position estimation entity receives, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the number of antenna elements includes a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing (dv), horizontal antenna spacing (dh), or a combination thereof.
  • the antenna configuration may include precoder information for each PRS resource for DFT-based beams (e.g., check whether the already reported boresight directions are sufficient, or whether more information is needed), antenna element pattern information, information related to panel/orientation, and so on.
  • BS 304 itself may correspond to the position estimation entity, in which the reception of 1020 corresponds to an internal transfer of data between logical components.
  • the position estimation entity determines beam shape information for at least one antenna element based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • the position estimation entity may factor the beam shape information into a position estimation procedure at the position estimation entity to derive a location of the target UE, which may then be reported to the target UE or some other entity.
  • the indication of the table (e.g., which may be used to derive the beam shape) is communicated via location assistance data (e.g., via broadcast).
  • the location assistance data may be periodically broadcast to UEs (e.g., via SIB) with a relatively high overhead.
  • the indication of the table is communicated to the position estimation entity (e.g., LMF, UE, etc.) on-demand (e.g., to reduce overhead).
  • the indication of the table may be provided based on a target quality of service (e.g., request an on-demand indication of the table if there is a high target quality of service, and otherwise skip such a request).
  • the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • group-based mapping may be implemented to reduce overhead, particularly for large antenna arrays.
  • the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift. In some designs, the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift. In an example, the phase shift mapping may be mandatory, while the amplitude shift may be optional. [0285] Referring to FIGS. 9-10, in some designs, the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more PRS resources. For example, different PRS resources can employ different beams. Hence, reporting of the mapping via the table may indicate the PRS resources to which respective antenna elements pertain.
  • the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple (e.g., separate) measurement reports.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary process 1100 of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the process 1100 may be performed by a BS, such as BS 304.
  • BS 304 determines a first beam shape of a first beam.
  • the first beam may correspond to a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • the first beam shape may be defined in terms of boresight direction, Azimuth degree boundaries or Azimuth degree range, elevation or altitude degrees or degree range, a polynomial function, and so on.
  • BS 304 determines a second beam shape of a second beam.
  • the second beam shape may be defined in terms of boresight direction, Azimuth degree boundaries or Azimuth degree range, elevation or altitude degrees or degree range, a polynomial function, and so on.
  • BS 304 determines transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam. Examples of transformation information are provided below in more detail.
  • BS 304 (e.g., transmitter 314 or 324, network transceiver(s) 380, etc.) reports the transformation information to a position estimation entity (e.g., LMF integrated at BS 304 or remote entity such as network entity 306 or remote location server or UE in case of UE-based position estimation).
  • a position estimation entity e.g., LMF integrated at BS 304 or remote entity such as network entity 306 or remote location server or UE in case of UE-based position estimation.
  • BS 304 itself may correspond to the position estimation entity, in which the reporting of 1140 corresponds to an internal transfer of data between logical components.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary process 1200 of communication, according to aspects of the disclosure.
  • the process 1200 may be performed by a position estimation entity, such as UE 302 (e.g., for UE-based position estimation) or BS 304 (e.g., LMF integrated in RAN) or network entity 306 (e.g., LMF integrated in core network component, a location server, etc.).
  • a position estimation entity such as UE 302 (e.g., for UE-based position estimation) or BS 304 (e.g., LMF integrated in RAN) or network entity 306 (e.g., LMF integrated in core network component, a location server, etc.).
  • the position estimation entity receives, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam.
  • BS 304 itself may correspond to the position estimation entity, in which the reception of 1210 corresponds to an internal transfer of data between logical components.
  • BS 304 determines the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • the position estimation entity may factor the second beam shape of the second beam into a position estimation procedure at the position estimation entity to derive a location of the target UE, which may then be reported to the target UE or some other entity.
  • the transformation information (e.g., which may be used to derive the beam shape) is communicated via location assistance data (e.g., via broadcast).
  • the location assistance data may be periodically broadcast to UEs (e.g., via SIB) with a relatively high overhead.
  • the transformation information is communicated to the position estimation entity (e.g., LMF, UE, etc.) on- demand (e.g., to reduce overhead).
  • the transformation information may be provided based on a target quality of service (e.g., request an on-demand transformation information if there is a high target quality of service, and otherwise skip such a request).
  • the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • rotation in an example, two beams can be transmitted from same TRP, but point in different directions. In this case, a rotation is sufficient to describe (or transform) one beam with respect to another beam.
  • translation in an example, beam 1 is transmitted from TRP 1, and beam 2 is transmitted from TRP2.
  • a translation can represent the location of TRP 2 with respect to TRP 1, in addition to potentially specifying a rotation. For example, assume that the first beam (Beam 1) and the second beam (Beam 2) are associated with the base station (gNBl).
  • Beam 1 of gNBl may be rotated by (theta, phi) degrees in azimuth and elevation to become Beam 2 for gNBl.
  • the first beam (Beam 1) and the second beam (Beam 2) are associated with different base stations (gNBl and gNB2).
  • the first beam is associated with the base station (gNBl) and the second beam is associated with another base station (gNB2).
  • Beam 1 of gNBl may be rotated by (theta, phi) degrees in azimuth and elevation can become Beam 1 for gNB2.
  • the second beam is associated with the base station (gNBl) and the first beam is associated with another base station (gNB2).
  • the reference beam and ‘transformed’ beam can be associated with different gNBs in cases where the respective gNBs share beam shapes (e.g., the respective gNBs may be using same codebook or in general different codebooks where some beams from codebook 1 of gNBl can be mapped to some beams from codebook 2 of gNB2).
  • the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof (e.g., see examples of (theta, phi) rotations or offsets as noted above).
  • the position estimation entity may send the base station a template for beam shapes.
  • the template may include a set of reference beams (e.g., one or more) for which a beam shape is known or defined (e.g., by specifying phase and amplitude bits). Then, other beams may be defined via reference to a respective reference beam (e.g., rotation and/or translation relative to this respective reference beam).
  • the transformation information may be based on this template.
  • the template may be configured in the form of a codebook such that the gNB may define a beam by specifying a transformation (e.g., rotation and/or translation) with respect to the reference beam.
  • example clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clause aspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause or independent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses.
  • the various aspects disclosed herein expressly include these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can be readily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor).
  • aspects of a clause can be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.
  • a method of operating a base station comprising: determining an antenna configuration associated with the base station; determining a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; reporting an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and reporting an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • Clause 10 The method of any of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the indication of the table is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the indication of the table is reported on- demand.
  • a method of operating a position estimation entity comprising: receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; receiving, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and determining beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • Clause 13 The method of any of clauses 11 to 12, wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 14 The method of any of clauses 11 to 13, wherein the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 15 The method of clause 14, wherein the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 16 The method of any of clauses 14 to 15, wherein the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 20 The method of any of clauses 11 to 19, wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a method of operating a base station comprising: determining a first beam shape of a first beam; determining a second beam shape of a second beam; determining transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and reporting the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • Clause 23 The method of any of clauses 21 to 22, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • Clause 24 The method of any of clauses 21 to 23, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 25 The method of any of clauses 21 to 24, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 26 The method of any of clauses 21 to 25, wherein the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • Clause 27 The method of any of clauses 21 to 26, wherein the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 28 The method of any of clauses 21 to 27, further comprising: receiving, from the position estimation entity, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • Clause 29 The method of any of clauses 21 to 28, wherein the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • Clause 30 A method of operating a position estimation entity, comprising: receiving, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and determining the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • Clause 31 The method of clause 30, wherein the transformation information is received via location assistance data, or wherein the transformation information is received on- demand.
  • Clause 32 The method of any of clauses 30 to 31 , wherein the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 33 The method of any of clauses 30 to 32, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • Clause 34 The method of any of clauses 30 to 33, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 35 The method of any of clauses 30 to 34, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 36 The method of any of clauses 30 to 35, wherein the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • Clause 37 The method of any of clauses 30 to 36, wherein the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 38 The method of any of clauses 30 to 37, further comprising: transmitting, to the base station, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • a base station comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: determine an antenna configuration associated with the base station; determine a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; report an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and report an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • Clause 40 The base station of clause 39, wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 41 The base station of any of clauses 39 to 40, wherein the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 42 The base station of clause 41, wherein the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 43 The base station of any of clauses 41 to 42, wherein the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 47 The base station of any of clauses 39 to 46, wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • Clause 48 The base station of any of clauses 39 to 47, wherein the indication of the table is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the indication of the table is reported on-demand.
  • a position estimation entity comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and determine beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • Clause 50 The position estimation entity of clause 49, wherein the indication of the table is received via location assistance data, or wherein the indication of the table is received on-demand.
  • Clause 51 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 49 to 50, wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 52 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 49 to 51, wherein the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 53 The position estimation entity of clause 52, wherein the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 54 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 52 to 53, wherein the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 58 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 49 to 57, wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a base station comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: determine a first beam shape of a first beam; determine a second beam shape of a second beam; determine transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and report the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • Clause 62 The base station of any of clauses 59 to 61, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 63 The base station of any of clauses 59 to 62, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 64 The base station of any of clauses 59 to 63, wherein the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • Clause 65 The base station of any of clauses 59 to 64, wherein the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 66 The base station of any of clauses 59 to 65, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, from the position estimation entity, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • Clause 67 The base station of any of clauses 59 to 66, wherein the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • a position estimation entity comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receive, via the at least one transceiver, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and determine the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • Clause 69 The position estimation entity of clause 68, wherein the transformation information is received via location assistance data, or wherein the transformation information is received on-demand.
  • Clause 70 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 68 to 69, wherein the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 71 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 68 to 70, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • Clause 72 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 68 to 71, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 73 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 68 to 72, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 74 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 68 to 73, wherein the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • Clause 75 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 68 to 74, wherein the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 76 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 68 to 75, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: transmit, via the at least one transceiver, to the base station, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • a base station comprising: means for determining an antenna configuration associated with the base station; means for determining a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; means for reporting an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and means for reporting an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • Clause 78 The base station of clause 77, wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 79 The base station of any of clauses 77 to 78, wherein the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 80 The base station of clause 79, wherein the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 81 The base station of any of clauses 79 to 80, wherein the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 82 The base station of any of clauses 77 to 81, wherein the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • Clause 83 The base station of clause 82, wherein the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • Clause 84 The base station of any of clauses 77 to 83, wherein the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • Clause 85 The base station of any of clauses 77 to 84, wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • Clause 86 The base station of any of clauses 77 to 85, wherein the indication of the table is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the indication of the table is reported on-demand.
  • a position estimation entity comprising: means for receiving, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; means for receiving, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and means for determining beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • Clause 89 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 87 to 88, wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 90 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 87 to 89, wherein the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 91 The position estimation entity of clause 90, wherein the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 92 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 90 to 91, wherein the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 94 The position estimation entity of clause 93, wherein the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • Clause 96 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 87 to 95, wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a base station comprising: means for determining a first beam shape of a first beam; means for determining a second beam shape of a second beam; means for determining transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and means for reporting the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • Clause 100 The base station of any of clauses 97 to 99, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 101 The base station of any of clauses 97 to 100, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 102 The base station of any of clauses 97 to 101, wherein the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • Clause 103 The base station of any of clauses 97 to 102, wherein the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 104 The base station of any of clauses 97 to 103, further comprising: means for receiving, from the position estimation entity, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • Clause 105 The base station of any of clauses 97 to 104, wherein the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • a position estimation entity comprising: means for receiving, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and means for determining the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • Clause 108 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 106 to 107, wherein the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 109 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 106 to 108, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • Clause 110 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 106 to 109, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 111 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 106 to 110, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 114 The position estimation entity of any of clauses 106 to 113, further comprising: means for transmitting, to the base station, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to: determine an antenna configuration associated with the base station; determine a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; report an indication of the table to a position estimation entity; and report an indication of the antenna configuration to the position estimation entity.
  • Clause 116 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 115, wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 117 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 115 to 116, wherein the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 118 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 117, wherein the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 119 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 117 to 118, wherein the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 120 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 115 to 119, wherein the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • Clause 121 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 120, wherein the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • Clause 122 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 115 to 121, wherein the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • Clause 123 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 115 to 122, wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • Clause 124 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 115 to 123, wherein the indication of the table is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the indication of the table is reported on-demand.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a position estimation entity, cause the position estimation entity to: receive, from a base station, an indication of an antenna configuration associated with the base station; receive, from the base station, an indication of a table that maps each antenna element of a set of antenna elements associated with the antenna configuration to a phase shift, or an amplitude shift, or a combination thereof; and determine beam shape information one or more antenna elements based on the indication of the antenna configuration and the indication of the table.
  • Clause 126 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 125, wherein the indication of the table is received via location assistance data, or wherein the indication of the table is received on-demand.
  • Clause 127 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 125 to 126, wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per antenna element, or wherein the table maps the set of antenna elements per group of antenna elements that are associated with a same phase shift, or a same amplitude shift, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 128 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 125 to 127, wherein the antenna configuration includes a number of antenna elements among the set of antenna elements, an antenna spacing associated with the set of antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 129 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 128, wherein the number of antenna elements comprises a number of vertical antenna elements, a number of horizontal antenna elements, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 130 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 128 to 129, wherein the antenna spacing comprises vertical antenna spacing, horizontal antenna spacing, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 131 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 125 to 130, wherein the table maps each antenna element of the set of antenna elements to at least the phase shift.
  • Clause 132 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 131, wherein the table maps at least one antenna element of the set of antenna elements to both the phase shift and the amplitude shift.
  • Clause 133 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 125 to 132, wherein the indication of the table further specifies, for at least one antenna element, an association with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources.
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • Clause 134 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 125 to 133, wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via a single measurement report, or wherein the indication of the table and the indication of the antenna configuration are reported via multiple measurement reports.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a base station, cause the base station to: determine a first beam shape of a first beam; determine a second beam shape of a second beam; determine transformation information by which the first beam shape of the first beam is transformed into the second beam shape of the second beam; and report the transformation information to a position estimation entity.
  • Clause 137 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 135 to 136, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • Clause 138 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 135 to 137, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 139 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 135 to 138, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 140 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 135 to 139, wherein the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • Clause 141 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 135 to 140, wherein the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 142 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 135 to 141, further comprising instructions that, when executed by base station, further cause the base station to: receive, from the position estimation entity, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • Clause 143 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 135 to 142, wherein the transformation information is reported via location assistance data, or wherein the transformation information is reported on-demand.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a position estimation entity, cause the position estimation entity to: receive, from a base station, transformation information by which a first beam shape of a first beam is transformed into a second beam shape of a second beam; and determine the second beam shape of the second beam based in part upon the transformation information.
  • Clause 145 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 144, wherein the transformation information is received via location assistance data, or wherein the transformation information is received on-demand.
  • Clause 146 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 144 to 145, wherein the transformation information comprises rotation information, translation information, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 147 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 144 to 146, wherein the first beam and the second beam are associated with the base station.
  • Clause 148 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 144 to 147, wherein the first beam is associated with the base station and the second beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 149 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 144 to 148, wherein the second beam is associated with the base station and the first beam is associated with another base station.
  • Clause 150 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 144 to 149, wherein the first beam is a reference beam associated with a known beam shape.
  • Clause 151 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 144 to 150, wherein the transformation information comprises an Azimuth degree offset, an elevation degree offset, or a combination thereof.
  • Clause 152 The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 144 to 151, further comprising instructions that, when executed by position estimation entity, further cause the position estimation entity to: transmit, to the base station, a template for beam shapes, wherein the transformation information is based in part upon the template.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field-programable gate array
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • a software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE).
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave
  • the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium.
  • Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des techniques de communication. Dans un aspect, un gNB peut rapporter une configuration d'antenne et une table qui mappe un ou plusieurs élément(s) d'antenne à un décalage de phase et/ou un décalage d'amplitude à une entité d'estimation de position (PDE). La PDE peut dériver une forme de faisceau sur la base des informations rapportées. Dans un autre aspect, un gNB peut rapporter des informations de transformation par lesquelles une première forme de faisceau d'un premier faisceau est transformée en une seconde forme de faisceau d'un second faisceau. La PDE peut dériver la seconde forme de faisceau du second faisceau sur la base en partie des informations de transformation.
EP22747554.8A 2021-08-03 2022-06-28 Rapport de forme de faisceau pour positionnement Pending EP4381617A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GR20210100532 2021-08-03
PCT/US2022/073207 WO2023015074A1 (fr) 2021-08-03 2022-06-28 Rapport de forme de faisceau pour positionnement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4381617A1 true EP4381617A1 (fr) 2024-06-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22747554.8A Pending EP4381617A1 (fr) 2021-08-03 2022-06-28 Rapport de forme de faisceau pour positionnement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20240215009A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4381617A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2024531907A (fr)
KR (1) KR20240041922A (fr)
CN (1) CN117716638A (fr)
TW (1) TW202308414A (fr)
WO (1) WO2023015074A1 (fr)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2024531907A (ja) 2024-09-03
TW202308414A (zh) 2023-02-16
US20240215009A1 (en) 2024-06-27
CN117716638A (zh) 2024-03-15
WO2023015074A1 (fr) 2023-02-09
KR20240041922A (ko) 2024-04-01

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