EP4371132A1 - Systèmes et procédés pour fournir des données de patient précises correspondant à des repères de progression pour fournir des options de traitement et un suivi de résultats - Google Patents

Systèmes et procédés pour fournir des données de patient précises correspondant à des repères de progression pour fournir des options de traitement et un suivi de résultats

Info

Publication number
EP4371132A1
EP4371132A1 EP22842831.4A EP22842831A EP4371132A1 EP 4371132 A1 EP4371132 A1 EP 4371132A1 EP 22842831 A EP22842831 A EP 22842831A EP 4371132 A1 EP4371132 A1 EP 4371132A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fact
patient
progression
candidate
facts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22842831.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nicholas Ritter
Stephen Jakubowicz
Meng Mao
Michael Mulcahy
Sudhakar VELAMOOR
Monica Matta
Ching-Kun Wang
Micha Hanson
Scott Cady
Tanvi Pal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cota Inc
Original Assignee
Cota Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US17/375,916 external-priority patent/US20210343420A1/en
Application filed by Cota Inc filed Critical Cota Inc
Publication of EP4371132A1 publication Critical patent/EP4371132A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
    • G16H50/70—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
    • A61B5/742—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means using visual displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
    • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H10/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data
    • G16H10/60—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
    • G16H40/67—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation

Definitions

  • such accurate patient data is used by other systems or applications, such as a system for providing and displaying accurate and succinct patient data, a system for assigning a patient to a nodal address, a system for assisting a health care provider in providing treatment options to a patient, and/or a system for predicting a prognosis-related expected outcome.
  • a system for providing and displaying accurate and succinct patient data such as a system for providing and displaying accurate and succinct patient data, a system for assigning a patient to a nodal address, a system for assisting a health care provider in providing treatment options to a patient, and/or a system for predicting a prognosis-related expected outcome.
  • the described invention provides a method for providing accurate patient data for a patient with a medical condition and/or illness, the method including: accessing an initial set of data records associated with the patient, the initial set of data records including information regarding the patient, the patient’s illness, and/or the patient’s treatment; extracting a plurality of candidate facts from the accessed initial set of data records, each candidate fact represented as a data set; and categorizing each candidate fact as corresponding to an element of a plurality of elements associated with the patient, the plurality of candidate facts including more than one candidate fact corresponding to the element for at least one element in the plurality of elements.
  • the method also includes for elements that are unchanging over time, identifying at least one best fact corresponding to each element, the identifying including: where the element has only one corresponding candidate fact, identifying the corresponding candidate fact as the best fact corresponding to the element; and where the element has at least two corresponding candidate facts, identifying at least one of the corresponding candidate facts for the element as the best fact for the element based on reduction rules specific to the element.
  • the method also includes for each element that can change over time, associating each candidate fact corresponding to the element with a progression period corresponding to a diagnosis or progression milestone; for each element that can change over time, identifying at least one best fact for each progression period having an associated candidate fact for the element, the identifying including: where the element has only one corresponding candidate fact associated with the progression period, identifying the corresponding candidate fact as the best fact corresponding to the element for the progression period; and where the element has at least two corresponding candidate facts associated with the progression period, identifying at least one best fact corresponding to the element for the progression period from the at least two corresponding facts based on reduction rules specific to the element.
  • the method also includes outputting data including the best facts associated with the patient.
  • identifying the at least one best fact corresponding to the element further includes: presenting the at least one best fact as a suggested at least one best fact corresponding to the element to a user via a graphical user interface; receiving one or more of: an acceptance of the suggested at least one best fact, an identification of at least one other candidate fact that is not a suggested best fact as the at least one best fact, and a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact as a best fact; and where a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact is received, no longer identifying the suggested at least one best fact as a best fact corresponding to the element; where an acceptance of the suggested at least one best fact is received, identifying the at least one best fact as an accepted best fact; and where an identification of at least one other candidate fact that is not a suggested best fact as at least one best fact is received, identifying the at least one other candidate fact as the at least one accepted best fact; wherein outputting data regarding the
  • identifying at least one best fact for each progression period having an associated candidate fact for the element further includes: presenting the at least one best fact for the progression period as a suggested at least one best fact corresponding to the element; receiving one or more of: an acceptance of the suggested at least one best fact as at least one best fact; an identification of at least one other candidate fact that is not a suggested best fact as at least one best fact; and a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact as a best fact; and where a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact is received, no longer identifying the suggested at least one best fact as a best fact corresponding to the element.
  • the output data including the best facts associated with the patient includes progression output.
  • the output data including the best facts associated with the patient include progression output and time series output.
  • the output data including the best facts associated with the patient includes progression output, or progression output and time series output.
  • the progression output is data indexed by progression period or by diagnosis and progression milestones for the patient.
  • the progression output includes the best facts stored in associated concept tables, each concept table including a progression track identifier and a patient identifier.
  • the time series output includes the best facts stored in associated concept tables, each associated concept table indexed by a function of time elapsed between a start date and time associated with the best fact in the associated concept table.
  • the method further includes: determining, based on at least some of the candidate facts, one or more progression periods, each progression period corresponding to a period of time beginning at diagnosis or at a progression of the medical condition or illness and ending at a next progression, at the present time, or at death; and assigning each candidate fact to a progression period.
  • the method further includes: presenting the determined one or more progression periods to a user via a graphical user interface as suggested progression periods; receiving input from a user including one or more of: an acceptance of at least one of the one or more suggested progression periods, an adjustment of a start time or an end time of at least one of the one or more suggested progression periods, an addition of a new progression period, or merging of at least some of the one or more of the suggested progression periods into a single progression time period; and adjusting the one or more progression periods based on the received input, wherein each candidate fact is assigned to a progression time period after the adjusting.
  • the progressions correspond to one or more of: a physician’s identification that the patient’s disease or condition has progressed; a measured growth of a tumor of the patient; an indication that the patient’s disease has spread and become metastatic; an indication that the patient’s disease or medical condition has not responded to a course of treatment and a physician has decided to switch to a different course of treatment; or an indication that the patient has experienced a relapse in disease or the medical condition.
  • the associating of each candidate fact corresponding to the element with a progression period is based on time windowing.
  • the method further includes: accessing a new set of data records; extracting additional candidate facts, each of the additional candidate facts corresponding to an element of the plurality of elements associated with the patient; and determining one or more best facts corresponding to the each element of the plurality of elements based on the plurality of candidate facts extracted from the initial set of data records and the additional candidate facts extracted from the new set of data records.
  • the method also includes de-duplicating the plurality of candidate facts by, for each element in the plurality of elements, removing each duplicative candidate fact.
  • the method also includes: deriving a candidate fact for at least one element of the plurality of elements associated with the patient based on one or more of the candidate facts extracted from the data and one or more medical rules.
  • the data records associated with a patient are abstracted data records.
  • the reduction rules include a rule to identify at least one candidate fact as a best overall fact for an element based the candidate fact including the most amount of data as compared to other candidate facts corresponding to the same element.
  • the reduction rules include a rule to discard a candidate fact that is duplicative of and identical to another candidate fact corresponding to an element for a progression period.
  • the reduction rules include a rule to identify a candidate fact as a best fact based, at least in part, on the candidate fact being the most frequently occurring as compared to other candidate facts corresponding to the same element.
  • the method further includes: for at least one progression period, generating a nodal address for the progression period for the patient based on the output data.
  • the method further includes: providing predetermined treatment plan information to a health care provider of the patient for facilitation of treatment decisions, the predetermined treatment plan information based on the nodal address for the progression period assigned to the patient. In some embodiments, the method further includes: determining a prognosis-related expected outcome with respect to occurrence of the defined end point event for the patient based on the nodal address for the progression period assigned to the patient. In some embodiments, the generated nodal address is a refined nodal address.
  • the described invention provides a system for providing accurate patient data for a patient with a medical condition and/or illness, the method including: one or more data repositories; and a computing system in communication with the one or more data repositories and configured to execute instructions that when executed cause the computing system to: access, from the one or more data repositories, an initial set of data records associated with the patient, the initial set of data records including information regarding the patient, the patient’s illness, and/or the patient’s treatment; extract a plurality of candidate facts from the accessed initial set of data records, each candidate fact represented as a data set; categorize each candidate fact as corresponding to an element of a plurality of elements associated with the patient, the plurality of candidate facts including more than one candidate fact corresponding to the element for at least one element in the plurality of elements.
  • the instructions further causing the computing system to: for elements that are unchanging over time, identify at least one best fact corresponding to each element, the identification including: where the element has only one corresponding candidate fact, identifying the corresponding candidate fact as the best fact; and where the element has at least two corresponding candidate facts, identifying at least one of the corresponding candidate facts for the element as the best fact for the element based on reduction rules specific to the element.
  • the instructions further causing the computing system to: for each element that can change over time, associate each candidate fact corresponding to the element with progression period corresponding to a diagnosis or progression milestone; for each element that can change over time, identify at least one best fact for each progression period having an associated candidate fact for the element, the identification including: where the element has only one corresponding candidate fact associated with the milestone, identifying the corresponding candidate fact as the best fact corresponding to the element for the progression period; and where the element has at least two corresponding candidate facts associated with progression period, identifying at least one best fact corresponding to the element for the milestone from the at least two corresponding candidate facts based on reduction rules specific to the element; and output data including the best facts associated with the patient.
  • the described invention provides a non-transitory computer readable medium including program instructions for providing accurate patient data for a patient with a medical condition and/or illness, wherein execution of the program instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform any of the methods recited or claimed herein.
  • the described invention provides a method for providing a graphical user interface for visualizing patient data.
  • the method includes the method displaying an interactive timeline graphically depicting information regarding a patient’s medical history, the interactive timeline including a plurality of markers, each marker indicating a relevant time associated with medical information of the patient, a beginning of a period of time associated with the medical information of the patient (e.g., information in the patient’s medical history or patient’s medical record), or an end of a period of time associated with medical information of the patient.
  • the interactive timeline includes a plurality of sub- timelines for different categories of medical information vertically offset and aligned in time with each other.
  • the plurality of sub-timelines including one or more of: a treatment sub- timeline including any markers related to treatment information, a diagnosis or progression sub-timeline including any markers related to diagnosis or disease or disorder progression information, a biomarker sub-timeline including any markers related to disease or disorder biomarker test results information, a disease or disorder sub-timeline including any markers related to disease or disorder information not falling in other categories, and a patient sub- timeline including any markers related to relevant medical information not falling into other categories.
  • the method also includes receiving a user input selecting a marker; and displaying detailed medical information associated with the marker in a window in the interactive timeline.
  • the interactive timeline further includes one or more vertical graphical indicators, each representing diagnosis or a disease progression.
  • the interactive timeline includes one or more diagnosis or progression time periods. In some embodiments, the one or more diagnosis or progression time periods are divided by the one or more vertical graphical indicators. In some embodiments, the graphical user interface enables filtering of markers displayed the interactive timeline based on user selected criteria. In some embodiments, the user-selected criteria include a diagnosis or progression time period. [0022] In some embodiments, a shape of a beginning marker and a shape of an ending marker indicates a degree of precision regarding a date for information associated with the marker. In some embodiments, a shape of one or more markers of the plurality of markers indicates a degree of precision regarding a date for information associated with the one or more markers.
  • the method further comprises displaying a summary version of the full time period timeline including two or more selectable graphical indicators, the selectable graphical indicators including a beginning time period indicator and an ending time period indicator, where selection and movement of the beginning time period indicator and/or the ending time period indicator changes a time period displayed in the interactive timeline.
  • the plurality of sub-timelines further includes one or more of: a systemic therapy sub-timeline including any markers related to systemic therapy information, a surgery sub-timeline including any markers related to surgery information, and a radiation treatment sub-timeline including any markers related to radiation treatment.
  • markers in a first sub-timeline of the plurality of sub-timelines are depicted in a color that is different from a color of markers in a second sub-timeline of the plurality of sub-timelines.
  • a color of a window including medical information that is displayed upon selection of a marker is a same color as that of the maker selected.
  • all medical information displayed via the interactive patient timeline is de-identified to protect patient privacy.
  • the interactive timeline is a first interactive timeline for a first patient’s medical history
  • the method further comprises displaying a second interactive timeline graphically depicting information regarding a second patient’s medical history for comparison with the first interactive timeline, where the second interactive timeline is aligned with the first interactive timeline based on a time of diagnosis or a disease progression for both the first patient and the second patient, and where all medical information in the first interactive timeline and the second interactive timeline is de-identified.
  • one or more time periods associated with medical information are graphically displayed with a beginning marker and an ending marker and a graphical indication of span between the beginning marker and the ending marker.
  • the described invention provides a non-transitory computer readable medium including program instructions for providing a graphical user interface including an interactive patient timeline, wherein execution of the program instructions by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform any of the methods recited or claimed herein.
  • Fig.1 illustrates a network diagram to provide accurate patient data using an Enrichment Layer (EL) module in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig.2 schematically illustrates the EL in Relation to Abstraction, Patient Data, and Products in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig.3 schematically illustrates an exemplary reduction of candidate facts in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig.4 schematically illustrates an exemplary reduction of candidate facts based on medically-based reduction rules in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig.5 schematically illustrates exemplary calculating and/or deriving of candidate facts in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig.6 illustrates an EL workflow in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig.7 schematically illustrates generation of a nodal address from the EL output in accordance with an exemplary embodiment
  • Fig.8 schematically
  • Fig.20A depicts windows including medical information that are displayed overlaid on the interactive patient timeline of Fig.20 when corresponding markers indicated with numbers 1-11 are selected by a user in accordance with some embodiments
  • Fig.21 depicts the graphical user interface including the interactive patient timeline of Fig.19 displaying a zoomed-in or enlarged portion of the timeline based on a user selection of beginning and ending times in a summary timeline for time period from diagnosis of metastatic cancer to a first metastatic disease progression of the cancer with windows including medical information for the patient displayed for first set of selected markers in that time period in accordance with some embodiments
  • Fig.22 depicts the graphical user interface including the interactive patient timeline of Fig.19 displaying the zoomed-in or enlarged portion of the timeline and the interactive patient timeline displaying windows with medical information corresponding to a second set of selected markers in accordance with some embodiments
  • Fig.23 depicts the
  • FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization
  • Pieces of DNA that contain a fluorescent dye are made in the laboratory and added to a cell or tissue sample. When these pieces of DNA bind to certain genes or areas on chromosomes in the sample, they light up when viewed under a microscope with a special light. FISH can be used to identify where a specific gene is located on a chromosome, how many copies of the gene are present, and any chromosomal abnormalities.
  • the term “immunohistochemistry” or “IHC” testing as used herein refers to a special staining process performed on fresh or frozen cancer tissue removed during biopsy that uses antibodies to identify specific proteins in tissue sections.
  • the term “next generation sequencing” or NGS” as used herein refers to a sequencing method that provides a comprehensive view of a tumor’s genomic profile and can detect multiple mutations present at very low levels within the tumor.
  • the term “polymerase chain reaction” (“PCR) as used herein refers to a laboratory method used to make many copies of a specific piece of DNA from a sample that contains very tiny amounts of that DNA. PCR allows these pieces of DNA to be amplified so they can be detected.
  • PCR may be used to look for certain changes in a gene or chromosome, which may help find and diagnose a genetic condition or a disease, such as cancer. It may also be used to look at pieces of the DNA of certain bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms to help diagnose an infection.
  • At least a portion of the accurate patient data includes facts associated with progression periods corresponding to diagnosis or progression milestones. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the accurate patient data includes facts associated with a timeline. In some embodiments, the accurate patient data can be provided to a system configured to identify treatment options for the patient, a system configured to evaluate treatment of the patient, or a system configured to determine an expected outcome of the patient. Some embodiments improve the efficiency of the system or method by enabling other systems to operate on only the most accurate data and only store the most accurate data. Further, some embodiments improve the efficiency in storage by storing only the most accurate data, instead of storing all data.
  • a method or system employs an enrichment layer module that implements an Enrichment Layer (EL) to determine or assist in determining accurate patient data.
  • the system or method receives or accesses potential candidate facts which correspond with elements associated with patients with the medical condition and/or illness.
  • the elements can be associated with the patient or the medical condition and/or illness.
  • the elements can be name, age, prognosis, treatments, and other information associated with the patient or medical condition and/or illness.
  • the EL can identify the best (or most accurate) fact or facts from the candidate facts for an element associated with the patient, by deriving, calculating, and/or reducing the candidate facts.
  • the EL can identify at least one suggested best or most accurate fact subject to acceptance or verification by a user. In some embodiments, the at least one suggested best or most accurate fact determined by the EL is presented via a graphical user interface for acceptance or verification. In some embodiments, for some elements, the EL identifies the best fact and for other elements, the EL provides a suggestion for the best fact, which can be accepted or overridden. [0066] In some embodiments, the EL can evaluate end to end patient information covering the course of the patient’s medical history from diagnosis through multiple points up until death and identifies the most accurate facts, or suggested most accurate facts, regarding the patient from the patient information.
  • the system or method generates a progression and/or timeline based output representing the identified best facts.
  • the best facts corresponding to each element associated with the patient can represent a complete and current view of the patient’s medical condition and illness history.
  • the method or system largely or completely eliminates the manual process of deciding which facts are accurate and which are incomplete by efficiently collecting data, and automatically deriving, calculating, and reducing candidate facts to identify the best fact corresponding to the element.
  • the method or system can evaluate end to end patient information covering the course of the patient’s medical history from diagnosis through multiple points up until death and generate suggestions for the most accurate facts regarding the patient from the patient information, subject to acceptance or verification.
  • the system or method generates a progression and/or timeline based output representing the identified best facts after acceptance or verification.
  • the best facts corresponding to each element associated with the patient can represent a complete and current view of the patient’s medical condition and illness history.
  • EL reduces unpredictability in a manual process of determining which facts are accurate and which are incomplete by efficiently collecting data, and automatically deriving, calculating, and reducing candidate facts to identify the suggested best facts in a reproducible and predictable manner.
  • the method or system for identifying the best facts as described in the present disclosure simplifies clinical data querying and exploration.
  • oncology centers that invest in data collection, tracking, and analysis must invest in IT infrastructure and budget for a team to field data requests.
  • Data requests serve to help the oncology centers to evaluate different aspects of their practice – from patient populations for clinical trial feasibility to providing data for care delivery quality improvement initiatives.
  • the turnaround time can range from a few weeks to a few days depending on the data request, an institution’s sophistication and investment in data infrastructure, and a data analytics team’s competencies.
  • the best facts identification as described in the present disclosure may measurably reduce the time needed to fulfill data requests for an institution.
  • the best fact identification can serve as the foundation for technologies that seek to provide real-time data querying and exploration where data requests can be fulfilled instantaneously (i.e., within seconds).
  • each block of the block diagrams or operational illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or operational illustrations can be implemented by means of analog or digital hardware and computer program instructions.
  • These computer program instructions can be provided to one or more processors of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, ASIC, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the instructions, which execute via one or more processors of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, implements the functions / acts specified in the block diagrams or operational block or blocks.
  • the functions/acts noted in the blocks can occur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. For example, two blocks shown in succession can in fact be executed substantially concurrently or the blocks can sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality / acts involved.
  • the embodiments of methods presented and described as flowcharts in this disclosure are provided by way of example in order to provide a more complete understanding of the technology.
  • the disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logical flow presented herein.
  • Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of the various operations is altered and in which sub-operations described as being part of a larger operation are performed independently.
  • the described methods and systems can be for patient data corresponding to any progressive clinical condition (e.g., cardiovascular disease, metabolic disease (diabetes), immune mediated diseases (e.g., lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), organ transplantation, neurodegenerative disorders, pulmonary diseases, infectious diseases, hepatic disorders).
  • FIG.1 schematically depicts a network diagram of computing systems, devices, networks and databases that could be employed in connection with some embodiments described herein.
  • the depicted network diagram shows a computing system 105 communicating with client computing devices 110a, 110b, databases 140, and data repositories 170a-b over network 115.
  • the computing system 105 can host and execute an abstraction 123 module, application or platform, an EL module 125, and applications A-N 127a-n.
  • the computing system 105 can further communicate with disparate data repositories 170a-n over the network 115, to retrieve data.
  • the computing system 105 can host one or more applications configured to interact with one or more components and/or facilitate access to the content of the databases 140 and data repositories 170a-n.
  • the databases 140 and data repositories 170a-n may store information/data, as described herein.
  • the databases 140 can include a time series database 147 and a progression database 149.
  • the time series database 147 can store identified accurate patient data output based on a time series model.
  • the progression database 149 can store identified accurate patient data output from the EL module 120 for progression periods corresponding to diagnosis or progression milestones of a patient’s disease and/or medical condition.
  • the data repositories 170a-n can store patient information and medical information.
  • the databases 140 can be located at one or more geographically distributed locations from the computing system 105. Alternatively, the databases 140 can be located at the same geographic location as the computing system 105. [0077]
  • the computing system 105 can execute the EL module to identify accurate patient data as described herein.
  • the accurate patient data can be provided to or accessed by the applications A-N 125a-n.
  • the applications A-N 125a-n can store the patient data in respective application tables 127a-n of each application A-N 125a-n.
  • Each of the applications A-N 125a-n can be executed on a client computing device 110a.
  • Each of the applications A-N 125a-n can provide a user interface (e.g., a graphical user interface 150a to be rendered on the display 145a of the client computing device 110a).
  • the term “UI” refers to a user interface, which is the point of human-computer interaction and communication in a device or system. This can include display screens, keyboards, a mouse and the appearance of a desktop.
  • a user interface can also refer to a way through which a user interacts with an application or a website.
  • Each of the applications A-N 125a-n can be configured to output the identified accurate patient data to be rendered on the graphical user interface 150a rendered on the display 145.
  • the identified accurate patient data can be used by any of the applications A-N 125a-n to generate an output to be rendered on the graphical user interface 150a rendered on the display 145a of the client computing device 110a.
  • the EL module 120 can store the identified accurate patient data in a time series database 147 and/or a progression database 149.
  • an acceptance/verification module 128 is used in the process of identifying accurate patient data.
  • the acceptance/verification module 126 is executed, at least in part, as an acceptance/verification application 129 on a client computing device 110b different from a client computing device 110a that hosts any of Applications A-N 125a-n. In some embodiments, at least some aspects of acceptance and verification may be executed by an abstraction platform. In some embodiments, a graphical user interface 150b of the client computing device 110b is used to receive input from a user for acceptance or verification of some or all of the identified best data. In other embodiments, the acceptance/verification module 126 is executed wholly by the computing system 105 and receives input from a user for acceptance or verification of some or all of the identified best data from a graphical user interface of the computing system 105.
  • the computing system 105 may generate and/or serve content such as web pages, for example, to be displayed by a browser (not shown) of client computing device 110a, 110b over network 115 such as the Internet.
  • the one or more of the applications A-N 125a-n or the acceptance/verification application 129 is executed at least in part as a web page (or part of a web page) and is therefore accessed by a user of the client computing device 110a, 110b via a web browser.
  • one or more of the applications A-N 125a-n or the acceptance/verification application 129 is a software application, such as a mobile "app", that can be downloaded to the client computing device 110a, 110b from the computing system 105.
  • one or more of the applications A-N 125a-n or the acceptance/verification application 129 provides a graphical user interface (GUI) 150a, 150b for enabling the functionality described herein, when executed on the client computing device 110a.110b.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • a computing device embodied fully or in part as computing system 105 and/or client computing device 1101, 110b may be capable of sending or receiving signals, such as via a wired or wireless network, or may be capable of processing or storing signals, such as in memory as physical memory states.
  • Devices and systems capable of operating as computing system 105 include, but are not limited to, as examples, one or more of dedicated rack- mounted servers, desktop computers, laptop computers, set top boxes, integrated devices combining various features, such as two or more features of the foregoing devices, or the like.
  • Embodiments of computing system 105 may vary widely in configuration or capabilities, but generally may include one or more central processing units and memory.
  • Computing system 105 may also include one or more mass storage devices, one or more power supplies, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces, one or more input/output interfaces, or one or more operating systems, such as Windows® Server, Mac® OS X®, Unix®, Linux®, FreeBSD®, or the like.
  • Computing system 105 may include multiple different computing devices.
  • Computing system 105 may include multiple computing devices that are networked with each other.
  • Computing system 105 may include networks of processors or may employ networks of remote processors for processing (e.g., cloud computing). Some aspects may be implemented, at least in part, via a cloud container engine.
  • the computing system 105 may include a device that includes a configuration to provide content via a network to another device.
  • the computing system 105 may further provide a variety of services that include, but are not limited to, web services, third-party services, audio services, video services, email services, instant messaging (IM) services, SMS services, MMS services, FTP services, voice over IP (VOIP) services, calendaring services, photo services, or the like.
  • IM instant messaging
  • VOIP voice over IP
  • Examples of content may include text, images, audio, video, or the like, which may be processed in the form of physical signals, such as electrical signals, for example, or may be stored in memory, as physical states, for example.
  • Examples of devices that may operate as or be included in computing system 105 include desktop computers, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-type or programmable consumer electronics, etc.
  • a network may couple devices so that communications may be exchanged, such as between a server and a client device or other types of devices, including between wireless devices coupled via a wireless network, for example.
  • a network may also include mass storage, such as network attached storage (NAS), a storage area network (SAN), or other forms of computer or machine readable media, for example.
  • NAS network attached storage
  • SAN storage area network
  • a network may include the Internet, one or more local area networks (LANs), one or more wide area networks (WANs), wire-line type connections, wireless type connections, or any combination thereof.
  • LANs local area networks
  • WANs wide area networks
  • wire-line type connections wireless type connections
  • sub-networks such as may employ differing architectures or may be compliant or compatible with differing protocols, may interoperate within a larger network.
  • Various types of devices may, for example, be made available to provide an interoperable capability for differing architectures or protocols.
  • a router may provide a link between otherwise separate and independent LANs.
  • a communication link or channel may include, for example, analog telephone lines, such as a twisted wire pair, a coaxial cable, full or fractional digital lines including T1, T2, T3, or T4 type lines, Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDNs), Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs), wireless links including satellite links, or other communication links or channels, such as may be known to those skilled in the art.
  • ISDNs Integrated Services Digital Networks
  • DSLs Digital Subscriber Lines
  • wireless links including satellite links, or other communication links or channels, such as may be known to those skilled in the art.
  • a computing device or other related electronic devices may be remotely coupled to a network, such as via a telephone line or link, for example.
  • a wireless network may couple client devices with a network 115.
  • a wireless network 115 may employ stand-alone ad-hoc networks, mesh networks, Wireless LAN (WLAN) networks, cellular networks, or the like.
  • WLAN Wireless LAN
  • a wireless network 115 may further include a system of terminals, gateways, routers, or the like coupled by wireless radio links, or the like, which may move freely, randomly or organize themselves arbitrarily, such that network topology may change, at times even rapidly.
  • a wireless network 115 may further employ a plurality of network access technologies, including Long Term Evolution (LTE), WLAN, Wireless Router (WR) mesh, or 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, or 6th generation (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G) cellular technology, or the like.
  • Network access technologies may enable wide area coverage for devices, such as client devices with varying degrees of mobility, for example.
  • a network 115 may enable RF or wireless type communication via one or more network access technologies, such as Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Bluetooth, 802.11b/g/n, or the like.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communication
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Services
  • EDGE Enhanced Data GSM Environment
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE Advanced Long Term Evolution
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • Bluetooth 802.11b/g/n, or the like.
  • 802.11b/g/n 802.11b/g/n, or the like.
  • a wireless network may include virtually any type of wireless communication mechanism by which signals may be communicated between devices, such as a client device or a computing device, between or within a network
  • the client computing device 110 can also be a computer, a set-top box, a smart TV, or any other computing device.
  • the abstraction module 123, EL module 120, acceptance/verification module 128, and/or applications A-N 125a-n may be implemented in a "cloud computing" environment or as a "software as a service” (SaaS).
  • SaaS software as a service
  • at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., APIs).
  • Example embodiments may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations of them.
  • Example embodiments may be implemented using a computer program product, for example, a computer program tangibly embodied in an information carrier, for example, in a machine-readable medium for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus, for example, a programmable processor, a computer, or multiple computers.
  • the client computing device 110a can be operated by a user.
  • users may be patients, health care provider systems, payers (e.g., insurance companies), and medical professionals.
  • the patients, health care provider systems, medical professionals, or insurance company can execute an instance of the applications A-N 125a-n on the client computing device 110a to interface with the computing system 105.
  • the applications A-N 125a-n can render a GUI 150a on the display 145a. It can be appreciated, that, in some embodiments, the GUI 150 can be different for each application A-N 125a-n and/or type of user.
  • the client computing device 110b is used to accept input from a user to accept or verify an identified best fact and/or a progression time period.
  • the user can execute an instance of the acceptance/verification application 129 on the client computing device 110b to interface with the computing system 105.
  • the acceptance/verification application 129 renders a GUI 150b on a display 145b of the client computing device 110b.
  • the acceptance/verification module 128 may cause a GUI to be rendered on a display of the computing system 105 itself.
  • a user that accepts or verifies an identified best fact and/or a progression time period may be such a user may be a person trained or qualified to evaluate patient records.
  • a user interface may include a voice user interface (VUI), e.g., (ALEXA voice service by Amazon).
  • VUI voice user interface
  • the abstraction module 123 can access data associated with a patient from the data repositories 170a-n.
  • the data can include, but is not limited to, identification information associated with the patient, health care providers, information associated with a patient’s illness, information associated with a patient’s medical condition, and/or information associated with the patient’s treatment.
  • the abstraction module 123 can abstract the data retrieved from the data repositories 170a-n into candidate facts associated with the patient.
  • the candidate facts are transmitted to and/or accessed by the EL module 120.
  • the abstracted data is stored in a time series model from which the EL module 120 pulls the data.
  • the EL module is configured to categorize each candidate fact as corresponding to an element. For one or more elements, multiple candidate facts correspond with the same element.
  • the EL module 120 is configured to reduce, derive, and/or calculate the candidate facts to identify at least one best fact out of the candidate facts corresponding to each element associated with the patient.
  • more than one fact may be identified as the best fact out of the candidate facts for the element, in which case the system may provide information regarding the more than one fact identified as the best fact to a conflict resolution system or module for selection of a single best fact for the element.
  • the EL module outputs data regarding the best facts for the elements.
  • identification of the at least one best fact out of the candidate facts includes presenting the identified at least one best fact as a suggested at least one best fact to a user via a graphical user interface, and receiving one or more of: an acceptance of the suggested at least one best fact; an identification of at least one other candidate fact that is not a suggested best fact as at least one best fact; or a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact as a best fact. Where a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact is received, the suggested at least one best fact is no longer identified as a best fact corresponding to the element.
  • the at least one other candidate fact is identified as the at least one accepted best fact.
  • outputting data regarding the best facts associated with the patient is outputting data regarding the accepted best facts associated with the patient.
  • the presentation of the identified at least one best fact out of the candidate facts as a suggested at least one best fact to a user via a graphical user interface and receiving input from the user in response to determine at least one accepted best fact is referred to herein as “enrichment”.
  • the system can output the identified best facts for the elements associated with the patient, which may be accepted best facts in some embodiments, as progression data.
  • the progression data is indexed by a progression period with which the best fact is associated.
  • the system can output the identified best facts for the elements associated with the patient, which may be accepted best facts, as time series data.
  • the “time series data” is indexed by a time (e.g., number of days) elapsed since diagnosis of the patient.
  • the system can output the identified best facts for the elements associated with the patient as progression data and as time series data. [0095]
  • the identified best facts for each element associated with the patient, which can be accepted best fact data in some embodiments can be output as progression data for progression-based analysis or progression-based comparison with data for other patients, or the system can generate a progression output that associates events with progression periods.
  • progression as used herein is meant to refer to the course of a medical condition or disease, such as cancer, as it becomes worse or relapses in the body. Progression periods are time periods that are determined by milestones in the patient’s experience with the disease or medical condition. The term “milestones” as used herein includes the initial date of diagnosis; and any subsequent progressions of the medical condition or illness.
  • progressions of the medical condition or illness correspond to one or more of: a physician’s identification that the patient’s disease or condition has progressed; a growth of a tumor of the patient; an indication that the patient’s disease has spread and become metastatic; an indication that the patient’s disease or medical condition has not responded to a course of treatment and a physician has decided to switch to a different course of treatment; or an indication that the patient has experienced a relapse in disease or the medical condition.
  • relapse refers to the return of a disease or the signs and symptoms of a disease after a period of improvement.
  • progression period The window of time beginning from one milestone and up until the next milestone is considered a “progression period”, and all events that occur within each window are considered part of that progression period. This may be described as each progression period corresponding to a period of time beginning at diagnosis or at a progression of the medical condition or illness extending up until the next progression, the present time, or death, whichever occurs first.
  • progression period 0 the time between the initial date of diagnosis and the date of the first time the patient’s disease progressed could be called “progression period 0”, and any candidate facts associated with a chemotherapy treatment within that time window would be included in “progression period 0” along with all other events that occurred in the same time window.
  • the EL module determines one or more progression periods based on at least some of the candidate facts and assigns each candidate fact to a progression period.
  • the determined one or more progression periods are presented to a user via a GUI (e.g., GU150b) as suggested progression periods.
  • input is received from a user including one or more of: an acceptance of at least one of the one or more suggested progression periods; an adjustment of a start time or an end time of at least one of the one or more suggested progression periods; an addition of a new progression period; or merging of at least some of the one or more of the suggested progression periods into a single progression time period.
  • the one or more progression periods are adjusted based on the received input, and each candidate fact is assigned to a progression time period after the adjusting.
  • the progression output includes separate tables for each distinct concept, with each element being associated with one or more of the concepts.
  • the concept may be represented by a Shape as described below.
  • Concepts include, without limitation, overall stage, lymphovascular invasion, race, etc.
  • a unique hash called a progression track ID is generated for each progression period.
  • each is saved into its associated concept table with its corresponding progression track id and patient id as unique identifiers.
  • the abstraction platform “AP” populates times series tables with all abstracted facts prior to selection of the best facts.
  • the time series data output from EL is different from the time series data from the AP because the best facts from the progression model that employs the progression periods are used to populate the times series tables output from the EL, unlike times series data from the AP, which includes all abstracted data.
  • the structure of the time series output data is the same for the AP output and the EL output.
  • time series tables mirror progression based tables in that each concept is represented in its own table. Rather than being associated with a progression time window, the time series data is represented by its index from the date of initial diagnosis, e.g., each event is assigned an index which is a function of the difference in days between the event date and the date of initial diagnosis.
  • the EL time series output data and/or the progression output data can include information regarding TNM, which is a system employing information derived from the data records to describe the amount and spread of cancer in a patient’s body.
  • the system e.g., the EL module 120
  • T represents the size of the tumor and any spread of cancer into nearby tissue
  • N represents spread of cancer to nearby lymph nodes
  • M represents metastasis (spread of cancer to other parts of the body).
  • the system e.g., the EL module 120
  • the applications A-N 125a-n can access the identified best facts for each element associated with the patient from the time series database 147 or the progression database 149.
  • the EL module 120 can directly output the best facts for each element associated with the patient to the applications A-N 125a-n.
  • enrichment refers to a enrichment layer component that assists a user in defining progressions and nodal address best facts in some embodiments, or that defines progressions and nodal address best facts in some embodiments.
  • analytics schema refers to a layer on top of abstracted and enriched data where calculations are stored and application specific tables are constructed in some embodiments.
  • the analytics schema is used to store additional calculated or derived information that is calculated or derived based on the candidate facts or the best facts.
  • a therapy intent is calculated based on candidate facts or best facts and can be stored in the analytics schema. In other embodiments, additional calculated or derived information could be stored elsewhere. Data generated by the EL is referred to as enriched data.
  • the analytics schema stores the frequency and distribution of treatment changes.
  • the analytics schema can be used by one or more applications, such as Real-World Analytics (RWA), and a nodal address generation module.
  • RWA Real-World Analytics
  • the aforementioned applications can re-present the progression data output. Alternatively, the aforementioned applications can use the progression data output to generate further data.
  • the output can be used to generate time series data dumps.
  • Fig.2 illustrates the EL in Relation to an Abstraction layer 202, a Patient Data layer 204, and Products or applications 208 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the abstraction layer 202 can execute the abstraction platform module or application 123.
  • the abstraction module 123 can be an abstraction platform.
  • the term “Abstraction Platform” (AP) as used herein refers to a clinical abstraction platform.
  • the abstraction layer 202 can collect, access, and/or retrieve facts, document metadata, and abstraction metadata associated with a patient from various data repositories 170a-n (202a).
  • the data associated with the patient can be abstracted in the abstraction layer 202 to generate candidate facts corresponding with one or more elements associated with a patient.
  • An element can be personal identification information, a medical concept, treatment information, information associated with a medical condition and/or illness, or other information associated with the patient. Some elements may correspond to a fact that would be treated as not changing over time, such as name and/or other identification information.
  • the EL layer 204 can execute the EL module 120.
  • the EL module 120 is configured to receive the candidate facts corresponding to the elements associated with a patient.
  • the EL module 120 can identify the best fact for a specific element from the candidate facts corresponding element based on reduction rules.
  • the reduction rules can include processes such as de-duplication and de-serialization (204a).
  • the EL module 120 can de-duplicate and de-serialize the candidate facts to eliminate candidate facts corresponding to elements that are duplicative or incorrect. For example, the de-duplicate process can remove any redundant candidate facts. The de-serialization process determines at least one best fact from the candidate facts corresponding to the element. The reduction rules will be described in greater detail with respect to Fig.3. [00110] For an element that could change over time, the EL module 120 is configured to determine at least one best fact from the candidate facts that correspond to the element for a progression period corresponding to a diagnosis or progression milestone. Determination of the best fact for each element or for each element for a diagnosis or progression milestone will be described in further detail with respect to Figs.4-5.
  • the identified at least one best fact is presented as a suggested at least one best fact to a user via a user interface (e.g., a graphical user interface) for acceptance or verification as described above and below.
  • a user interface e.g., a graphical user interface
  • the EL module may send the identified more than one best fact to a conflict resolution system or module.
  • the conflict resolution module returns an identification of a single best fact from the more than one best fact.
  • the conflict resolution system or module may present the more than one best fact to a human and receive input including a selection for the single best fact.
  • the EL module can identify inconsistencies in the data or potential issues, such as, for cancer, a patient having more than one primary type of cancer at the same time. In some such embodiments, the EL may escalate the patient data for review by a user.
  • the EL layer also performs calculations and derivations to obtain additional information corresponding to concepts such as age or calculated stage for the patient (204b).
  • all of the candidate facts after deduplication are identified as best facts.
  • each of the identified best facts can be transmitted to the patient layer 206.
  • the best version of the patient s data organized by diagnosis, patient demographics, history, and/or outcomes/treatments can be generated (206a).
  • multiple schemas are exposed to assist with data visibility and to help perform analysis on the data in the patient layer.
  • EL output is stored directly in an EL schema, and that is then used to reconstruct the full patient and stored in tables across both a patient diagnosis (PDX) schema and a real-world evidence (RWE) schema, and an analytic schema is built on top of these with additional calculations and derivations.
  • the PDX schema holds data specific to the patient’s diagnosed disease
  • the RWE schema holds data specific to the overall patient and is therefore disease agnostic.
  • nodal addresses and post processing to represent the patient’s points of progression and progression periods can be generated (206b).
  • the data generated in the patient layer 206 can be transmitted to the products layer 208.
  • the products layer 208 can include the application tables 127a-n.
  • the application tables 127a-n can receive the data generated in the patient layer 206 for further use.
  • the application tables are designed to power applications with a single source rather than having to reference multiple tables and schemas. This also limits the source tables to only the data required by the application.
  • Fig.3 illustrates an exemplary reduction of candidate facts to identify the best facts in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the abstraction application 123 can access, receive, and/or retrieve data associated with a patient in the abstraction layer 202.
  • the abstraction module 123 can access, receive, and/or retrieve a patient’s name from multiple different data repositories 170a-n. Accordingly, the abstraction module 123 can include multiple different instances of the patient’s name.
  • the abstraction module 123 can identify each instance of the data indicating the first, middle, or last name. For example, the abstraction module 123 can identify an instance of John as the first name and Doe as the last name. The abstraction module 123 can further identify an instance of John as the first name, A as a middle initial and Doe as the last name. The abstraction module 123 can further identify an instance of Jon as a first name and Doe as a last name. Each of these instances can be embodied as candidate facts corresponding to a name element of a patient. The candidate facts can be transmitted to the EL 204. [00118] The EL 204 can receive the candidate facts, and reduce the candidate facts 204 to identify the best fact or best facts corresponding to the element using reduction rules.
  • Each element can be associated with one or more reduction rules.
  • a priority can be assigned to each reduction rule for each element. For example, if the EL module 120 is unable to determine a best fact from the candidate of facts for an element using a reduction rule, the next reduction rule is applied.
  • the reduction rules can also include a rule to keep equals, keep max, and/or discard non-max. For example, if the element for patient name is designed to capture first name, middle name, and last name, the patient name that includes a first, middle, and last name is considered a better fact as compared to patient names with only first and last names.
  • the most complete data set of the candidate facts is the instance of John A. Doe. Accordingly, the EL module 120 can identify John A.
  • the “max” is defined by ordering of names and “ordering” is partially defined by the presence or absence of a middle name.
  • the “equals” here is implied, given that the goal of this process is to reduce “ties.” If a best fact is not identified as in the case of two instances of “John Doe,” both values are kept and relayed, as a list of “tied” elements, to the next reduction rule.
  • the reduction rules can include a rule to Keep min, discard max, keep equals. In some cases, a value that is lesser is more critical to convey than greater values. In this event the EL module 120 is instructed to prefer minimum values, retain equal values, and discard higher values.
  • the reduction rules can include if equal discard one of them. In this case, if there are two instances of the same candidate fact, the EL module 120 is instructed to discard one of the candidate facts.
  • the reduction rules can include a rule to keep a most frequently occurring concept by the natural ordering. In this case, some elements have an inherent priority relative to each other. Unlike an alphabetical order or a numerical order, the ordering/priority of these groups are medical in nature. For example, some histologies are more aggressive than others and would have a higher priority than others, however, this cannot be intuited simply by looking at the values corresponding to the histologies, but instead requires a specific medical ordering rule.
  • a specific medical ordering rule is an ordering rule for menopausal status: post-menopausal has a higher priority than perimenopausal, which has a higher priority than pre-menopausal.
  • a specific medical ordering rule is a rule for molecular marker testing methods: NGS has a higher priority than PCR, which has a higher priority than FISH, which has a higher priority than cytogenetics, which has a higher priority than IHC, which has a higher priority than unspecified.
  • the reduction rules can include a rule that if two candidate facts are identical on some predefined number of their fields, then these two facts are candidates for reduction.
  • the EL module can identify best facts for a patient with breast cancer based on information such as molecular markers estrogen receptor positive (ER+), progesterone positive (PR+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+).
  • ER+ estrogen receptor positive
  • PR+ progesterone positive
  • HER2+ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive
  • the EL module 120 may transmit information associated with the patient for escalation for review by a trained user to determine how to categorize the patient with respect to the primary medical condition or disease, or whether the patient can be categorized by the system.
  • the at least one best fact is presented as a suggested at least one best fact to a user via a graphical user interface, and input is received accepting or verifying the at least one best fact, or selecting a different at least one best fact from the candidate facts for the element via a process identified herein as enrichment.
  • the identified at least one best fact which in some embodiments would be an accepted or verified at least one best fact for the specific element, can be transmitted to the patient layer 206.
  • the patient layer can generate data outputs necessary to be transmitted to the products layer 208.
  • the EL module 120 can associate each candidate fact corresponding to the element with a diagnosis or progression period of patient’s illness or medical condition. For each element that can change over time, the EL module 120 can identify at least one best fact for each progression period having an associated candidate fact for that element. In the event that the element has only one corresponding candidate fact associated with the progression period, the EL module 120 can identify the corresponding candidate fact as the best fact corresponding to the element for the milestone. In the event that the element has more than one corresponding candidate fact associated with the milestone, the EL module 120 can identify at least one best fact corresponding to the element for the progression period from the more than one candidate facts based on reduction rules specific to the element.
  • the EL module 120 can derive a best fact for an element associated with the patient based on one or more of the other candidate facts extracted from the data and one or more medical rules.
  • the EL module 120 can identify the best fact based on reduction rules specific to the element by comparing the derived candidate fact to one or more candidate facts extracted from the data for the element.
  • the EL module 120 can identify the best fact corresponding to the element for the milestone from the more than one corresponding fact based on reduction rules specific to the element comprising comparing the derived candidate fact with one or more candidate facts extracted from the data.
  • the associating of each candidate fact corresponding to the element with a progression period associated with diagnosis or progression milestone can be based on time windowing, meaning events that happen within a given time window are assigned to the time window, which may be a time window with respect to an initial diagnosis window or a progression track window.
  • the initial diagnosis window which is the initial progression period, is defined by the time between the date of initial diagnosis and the first time that the patient progresses.
  • progression track time windows also referred to herein as progression periods, are defined by a start of the progression date up until one of (1) a subsequent progression date; (2) patient death; or (3) “today”, meaning the patient is still alive and has not progressed again, effectively an “undefined” end date.
  • Fig.4 illustrates the application of medically based rules for identification of a best fact in accordance with an embodiment.
  • the EL module 120 can calculate or derive the best fact or best facts corresponding to an element associated with a patient which changes over time or which is unchanged over time.
  • candidate facts 402-408 correspond to a patient’s overall stage at a diagnosis or a progression milestone of patient’s illness or medical condition.
  • the EL module 120 can determine that candidate facts 404 and 406 provide the more accurate information with respect to the patient’s overall stage than do candidate facts 402 and 408, which are not pathologically determined, based on the data provided in candidate facts 402-408 indicating how the determination of the stage was made. [00128] Unlike most other elements, all comorbidity facts are considered “best” so there is no requirement to select a single best fact for comorbidity. The reduction rules specific to comorbidity reflect this.
  • the EL module 120 determining a best fact for an element includes determining that one or more candidate facts are inaccurate or incomplete based on other candidate facts using calculations or determinations.
  • the candidate facts include both candidate facts from the patient record and calculated or derived candidate facts.
  • Fig.5 illustrates an example using provided candidate facts from the patient record and calculated and/or derived candidate facts in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the abstraction module 123 can abstract patient data resulting in candidate facts corresponding to an element associated with a progression period corresponding to a diagnosis or progression milestone of the patient’s illness or medical condition.
  • the EL module 120 can calculate the best fact from the candidate facts using the data in the candidate facts and reduction rules. The calculated best fact is promoted to the “best overall stage”.
  • the “best overall stage” can represent the most accurate diagnoses or progression milestone of a patient’s illness or medical condition.
  • FIG.5 schematically illustrates the aggregation or abstracted data, and the “best” information being selected for use in eventual downstream products. The example illustrates how overall stage can be explicitly stated by the physician and abstracted as such, while TNM, which make up the components of the overall stage calculation, is also abstracted.
  • the EL module is configured to perform clinical validation, meaning given the data set, the most likely accurate data for a particular fact or value is data point X, which includes implementing medically-based reduction rules.
  • the system may determine whether the output best facts and/or the patient are suitable for various downstream applications. For example, in some embodiments, at the patient layer 206, the EL module 120 may use the calculated “best overall stage” to determine whether the patient data should be sent on to other applications such as RWA. In some embodiments, a patient or the patient’s output best fact data can be deemed unqualified or unsuitable to be provided to downstream applications based on total elements identified, clinically significant conflicts in the data, or other factors.
  • the EL therefore acts as a fact gateway where abstracted facts are reduced, derived and calculated, which prevents erroneous or incomplete patient data from progressing, before they are promoted downstream.
  • an identified best fact for the element for the progression period is not displayed to a user for acceptance and verification unless there is more than one identified best fact for that element for the progression period and user input is received that selects one best fact from among the more than one best fact.
  • the system displays the more than one best fact for user selection when the reduction rules fail to identify a single best fact. This may be described as conflict resolution.
  • the conflict resolution may include sending an inquiry to a health care provider or health record provider for additional information or confirmation to determine the best fact for the element.
  • an identified best fact for the element is always displayed as a suggested best fact to a user for acceptance and verification, whether there is only one identified best fact or whether there is more than one identified best fact for the element for the progression period.
  • at least some of the other candidate facts are displayed as well as the suggested at least one best fact, which is identified as a suggested best fact.
  • a workflow in the EL module describes a logical sequence of operations that are carried out in order to obtain a predefined result, e.g., an order of implementation of rules for an element.
  • the system includes or employs a rules engine that is a module, which may be implemented as a software component that enables non-programmers to add or change rules or workflows in the EL module.
  • a rules engine that is a module, which may be implemented as a software component that enables non-programmers to add or change rules or workflows in the EL module.
  • the term “decision table” as used herein refers to a list of decisions and their criteria. Designed as a matrix, it lists criteria (inputs) and the results (outputs) of all possible combinations of the criteria. It can be placed into a program to direct its processing. The program is changed by changing the decision table. In some embodiments, decision tables are employed to enable a non-programmer to add or change rules or workflows in the EL module. [00138] In some embodiments, at least some of the reduction rules employ fuzzy logic.
  • fuzzy logic refers to a type of logic for processing imprecise or variable data, which, in place of the traditional binary values, employs a range of values for greater flexibility.
  • the EL module 120 identifies the best facts for each element from the candidate facts received from the abstraction module 123 in the abstraction layer 202, and the EL module 120 generates one or more outputs.
  • the outputs include progression output, a time series output, or both.
  • the time series output presents the best facts corresponding to the elements associated with the patient over time, as a series of events.
  • the progression output presents the best facts corresponding to the elements associated with the patient in view of progression periods corresponding to progression milestones of the patient’s illness and/or medical condition.
  • the time series output and the progression output can be used by applications (e.g., real world data (RWD), real world evidence (RWE)) in the product layer 208.
  • RWD receives a time series output.
  • facts are presented as a time series corresponding to a set of tables.
  • the tables can be delivered to customers in a data file or a series of data files.
  • the data files can be CSV/XLS files.
  • RWE receives progression output.
  • Fig.6 illustrates an EL workflow in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • EL data can be output as progression data or time series data or both.
  • the abstraction module 123 can abstract data associated with a patient to convert the data into candidate facts 602 corresponding to elements associated with a patient.
  • the candidate facts are transmitted to or accessed by the EL module 120.
  • the EL module 120 executes a reduction process 604 to reduce the candidate facts corresponding to each element based on the reduction rules.
  • the EL module 120 executes a derivation and calculation process 606 to derive and calculate best facts from the reduced candidate facts corresponding to each element.
  • the one or more best facts are displayed to a user in a graphical user interface for acceptance or verification 608. This step is outlined with a dotted line as it may not be included in all embodiments.
  • the best facts, which may be accepted or verified best facts, are input into an EL schema 610.
  • the EL schema is the set of tables that store the EL output. Each medical concept abstracted is processed through the EL and output to storage in its own table.
  • the EL module 120 can transmit the best facts from the EL schema 610 for the patient as progression grouped data 612 and/or a time series data 614.
  • the EL outputs all the abstracted data for elements, not just the best facts in two forms: one for time series data that reflects all data abstracted for a patient based on the timeline of events following the date of diagnosis, and one for progression based data that groups the time series data based on their inclusion within the defined “progression windows.”
  • the best facts in the stored progression grouped data corresponding to the each element 612 are presented via an analytics schema 618 for use in applications such as RWA.
  • the best facts are also stored as time series data.
  • the best facts are used to generate a nodal address 612.
  • the nodal address is a refined nodal address (defined below).
  • the nodal address is a provisional nodal address where attributes are assigned for at least a minimum subset of a set of treatment relevant variables.
  • the nodal addresses are generated based on data from the analytics schema.
  • the nodal addresses are based on data from the EL schema.
  • the generated nodal address may be used as input for one or more applications.
  • the best facts from the progression grouped data 612 can be transmitted or provided in one or more progression client data dumps 622.
  • the best facts in the time series data 614 can be used to generate time series client data dumps 624 in some embodiments. This data can be utilized for increased scrutiny of the patient timeline and events.
  • information associated with a patient’s cancer can be presented as a timeline of events from diagnosis to the present or to expiration for a deceased patient.
  • the most critical difference between the progression grouped data and the time series data is the presence and restriction of time windows to progression periods, which may also be described as Progression Tracks herein.
  • Fig.7 illustrates generation of a nodal address from the EL output in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Details regarding the generation of nodal addresses, which may be referred to as COTA nodal addresses or CNAs, may be found in U.S. Published Patent Application No.2015/0100341, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Details regarding the generation of nodal addresses that are provisional nodal addresses or refined nodal addresses may be found in U.S.
  • a nodal address can be assigned to a set of personal health information regarding a patient based on values, referred to as attributes, of the preselected variables included in the nodal address (e.g., in the provisional nodal address or in the refined nodal address).
  • Preselected variables can include treatment relevant variables, and can also include prognosis or outcome relevant variables that may or may not be relevant to treatment.
  • Nodal addresses which may be provisional nodal addresses, facilitate early treatment decisions for a patient.
  • the nodal address to which a patient is assigned is associated with a bundle of predetermined patient care services, and information regarding the predetermined patient care services may be provided to a healthcare provider of the patient or a healthcare payer of the patient. Further, as additional or updated information relevant to treatment of the patient is received, the nodal address is updated or changed as needed based on the additional or updated information relevant to treatment. If a different bundle of predetermined patient care services is associated with the updated or changed provisional nodal address, information regarding the different bundle of predetermined patient care services is provided to a healthcare provider of the patient or to a payer for healthcare of the patient.
  • initial data regarding a patient will be provided to the system or for the method at or shortly after diagnosis of the patient.
  • the patient data provided may include sufficient information to determine a recommended course of treatment for the patient, but insufficient information to provide a prognosis-related expected outcome with respect to occurrence of a defined end point event (e.g., overall survival, progression free survival, or disease free survival) for the patient.
  • a defined end point event e.g., overall survival, progression free survival, or disease free survival
  • the nodal address associated with the patient for a progression period is used to determine a prognosis related expected outcome for the patient. This is explained in further detail in U.S. Published Patent Application No.2015/0100341, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/900,135, filed on August 13, 2019, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No.
  • the patient is assigned to a refined nodal address that is used to determine a prognosis related expected outcome for the patient.
  • the refined nodal address is used for risk adjustment of expected outcome for the patient.
  • the EL output can include best facts corresponding to elements associated with a patient. The best facts can represent the most accurate information associated with the patient and the patient’s illness and/or medical condition.
  • an EL output can be used to generate a nodal address for a patient corresponding to a diagnosis or progression period corresponding to a diagnosis or progression milestone using the best facts as attributes.
  • an EL output can be expressed in a patient diagnosis PDX 702 schema specific to the patient’s diagnosed disease and/or in a RWE schema 704 that is disease agnostic and holds data specific to the overall patient (e.g., i.e., patient demographics treatments, outcomes, and performances).
  • the EL output which may be in the form of data from the patient diagnosis PDX schema 702 and data from the RWE schema 704, can be transmitted to a converter 704 that can convert the PDX or RWE data format data into phenotype Clinically-Based Rules Engine (CBRE)- compatible data to be transmitted to a phenotype generator CBRE 708.
  • CBRE Clinically-Based Rules Engine
  • phenotype as used herein means any observable characteristic of a disease without any implication of a mechanism.
  • the converter 706 is unnecessary and the output from the EL can be handled as input into the phenotype generator CBRE 808 without conversion.
  • the phenotype CBRE 708 can generate a phenotype based on the input data.
  • the phenotype generator CBRE 708 can transmit the data regarding the generated phenotype to the nodal address sequencer 710.
  • the nodal address sequencer 710 can determine if the generated phenotype is a new phenotype of the disease that did not have a previously generated nodal address. If so, it can generate a new nodal address. If not, a previously generated nodal address will be assigned to the patient. If there is not enough information to generate a nodal address, the nodal address sequencer 710 may not generate the nodal address. In some embodiments, if no nodal address is generated, a message may be transmitted indicating that there was insufficient information to generate a nodal address.
  • the nodal address module 712 can generate a nodal address for patients and progressions based on the cancer.
  • the nodal address may be sent to a user, a client, or an application.
  • the nodal address is sent to a nodal address metrics application 718 and/or a nodal address as a service 714 application.
  • a nodal address based on best facts and or best facts themselves may be employed for analysis of patient outcomes, for analysis of patient treatment, for identification of a patient as a candidate for a specific treatment, for analysis of outliers in treatment or outcome, for reduction of variance in treatment, or for identification of treatment plans or options appropriate for a patient.
  • Fig.8 illustrates a read-only database permission model in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the read-only database permission model can be used by the EL module 120 and can divide data into three output levels, fully permissioned 802, detailed analysis 804, and entrypoint 806.
  • the fully permissioned output level 802 includes the most raw data collected from the abstraction effort, and the lightest processing of data in the EL. This output data is the most complex analytically, but is the most difficult to parse.
  • the detailed analysis output level 804 includes time series data that allows for detailed analysis and is particularly suited to the life sciences vertical (e.g., a business unit that integrates across multiple segments of the life sciences industry such as medical informatics, business intelligence, through discovery for biotechnology companies, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, etc.) or analysis by pharmaceutical industry end users. This is a decoupled view of the progression-based model and encourages more advanced analysis based on the time-series nature of the data.
  • the entrypoint output level 806 can include the analysis that has already been performed on this data and is the result of all facets of the EL, and is designed for those who need to generally consume patient data in more rich, predefined structures. Multiple schemas can be exposed to assist with data visibility and to help perform analysis on the data in the patient layer.
  • a kernel is a computer program that manages input/output requests from software, and translates them into data processing instructions for the central processing unit and other electronic components of the computer.
  • Fig.9 illustrates an exemplary EL kernel 902 implemented in the EL module, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the data flow into the EL kernel 902 can include candidate facts generated from the abstraction module 123, a subset of the fact metadata, and control data.
  • EL kernel 902 can receive molecular markers, histologies, and/or oncotrees, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD 10) codes as control data.
  • the control data includes all ICD10 codes that represent cancer.
  • the control data also includes all ICD9 codes that represent cancer.
  • the control data can include anything used to describe the explicit set of values proposed for capture for any mapped data.
  • ICD codes are alphanumeric codes used by doctors, health insurance companies, and public health agencies across the world to represent diagnoses.
  • Each code describes a particular diagnosis in detail.
  • the first 3 characters define the category of the disease, disorder, infection or symptom.
  • codes starting with M00-M99 are for diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (like rheumatoid arthritis), while codes starting with J00-J99 are for diseases of the respiratory system.
  • Characters in positions 4-6 define the body site, severity of the problem, cause of the injury or disease, and other clinical details.
  • the fifth character defines the body site and the sixth character defines whether it’s the left or right side.
  • a three in the fifth character position denotes it’s a wrist that’s affected.
  • a two in the sixth character position denotes it’s the left side of the body that’s affected.
  • Character 7 is an extension character used for varied purposes such as defining whether this is the initial encounter for this problem, a subsequent encounter, or sequela arising as a result of another condition.
  • the EL module 120 can pull in ICD 10 code information or data as needed.
  • Oncotree groups represent differences between histologies which should be treated differently or not in terms of treatment. For example, some differences in histology may not require different treatment. Oncotrees map different histologies into groups that can be treated similarly. The EL module 120 can employ a blended histology concept based on oncotree groups.
  • the same histology may be used for different types of cancer (e.g., adenocarcinoma for lung, breast, or colon cancer).
  • control data is agnostic as to type of cancer.
  • the system receives a selection of some values for control data through a graphical user interface (e.g., through drop down menus).
  • Some of the control data specifies which values are allowable for some facts.
  • the control data can include, ER+, ER amplified and ER- as allowable data for an estrogen receptor (ER).
  • some control data is selected or specified by an operator of a system via a graphical user interface (e.g., via drop-down menus, which may include multi-level drop down menus).
  • medical rules can dictate reduction steps, including deduplication, ordering, and comparisons.
  • duplication results, at least in part, from facts coming from multiple different sources, necessitating deduplication. Elements that have a clear medical hierarchy or a decision tree for selecting one item over another can be described in the rules layer 904.
  • reduction semantics layer 906 of the EL kernel 902 reduction semantics provide the “translation layer” between medical rules and abstract algebra, effectively converting medical rules into algebraic concepts.
  • the output from the reduction semantics layer is a list per element.
  • the comparisons layer 1008 orders and ranks the results within and across these lists as required.
  • the comparison layer 1008 is where (one or more) “winners” are decided.
  • any layer might write “Data Out.” This is dependent on the order of operations as determined within the set of rules. Data Out is output that is written to a table within the EL schema.
  • the reduction of candidate facts can be represented by numbers.
  • the EL module processes input data and candidate facts in the form of Shapes. By design, similar arithmetic operations can be applied to Shapes, which enables them to be compared against specific criteria. The EL module can reduce a sequence of Shapes in the form of candidate facts into one or more other Shapes.
  • the EL module uses a custom operator to “combine” Shapes.
  • the Shapes and the custom “combine” operator have associativity, meaning that it does not matter what order in which the series of Shape are combined. This enables the EL to combine different pairs of shapes in a sequence independently on multiple processors or computing devices and combine or merge the results later, enabling faster and more efficient processing. If two Shapes are “combined” the result is always a Shape.
  • Fig.10 illustrates a shape structure that can be employed in representing a candidate fact in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.
  • a shape 1002 can represent a medical concept with attributes, the control data of the attributes, and what is required/optional within the scope of the concept.
  • the shape 1002 can be an element associated with a patient.
  • a shape 1002 can be a template, and defines how any particular patient data “input form” works.
  • a fact type 1004 can be a class or specific indicator of the medical concept, such as “Estrogen,” “Receptor,” “Name,” or “Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group( ECOG)” scale of performance status (which describes a patient's level of functioning in terms of their ability to care for themself, daily activity, and physical ability (walking, working, etc. to name a few).
  • a fact type can be a “child” of a shape 1002. In the case of an ECOG, for example, its unique shape 1002 also makes it a unique fact type 1004.
  • a fact 1006 is the actual saved instance of a fact type 1004, such as “Abstractor A saved an ECOG from patient document XYZ on Monday at 3:00 PM.” All facts 1006 are associated with their fact type 1004 (and, correspondingly, a Shape), a timestamp, a user, and the document from which the fact 1006 was generated.
  • a pre-fact 1008 is incomplete relative to the required input fields of a Shape. For example, a tumor registry can be received that has a column for overall stage, but the date on which the overall stage was identified is missing. [00171] As an example, ECOG performance status is supposed to be collected every time a patient diagnosed with cancer visits a hospital.
  • Fig.11 illustrates attributes associated with a shape in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • An attribute 1102 can be a single “input field” represented within a shape 1002. Attributes 1102 may have control data such as a drug list or methods, and may allow free text, or may require numeric-only patterns.
  • Fig.12 is a flowchart illustrating the process of identifying one or more best facts for a corresponding element in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the abstraction module 123 accesses or receives an initial set of data records associated with a patient.
  • the initial set of data records can include information regarding a patient, the patient’s illness, and/or the patient’s treatment.
  • the abstraction module 123 can abstract candidate facts from the initial set of data records. Each of the candidate facts can be represented as a data set.
  • one or more additional candidate facts may be derived or calculated from the candidate facts or other data in the initial data set after abstraction of the candidate facts in operation 1203.
  • the EL module 120 derives an overall stage from TNM coding in the accessed data records.
  • the EL module can also evaluate a stage of the tumor from other information in the accessed data records.
  • the EL module 120 can compare the evaluated stage to the derived stage as a function of TNM decide whether to escalate the patient because stages disagree, or confirm that that the stages appear consistent.
  • the abstraction module 123 can categorize each candidate fact as corresponding to an element associated with the patient. More than one candidate fact can correspond to an element.
  • the elements can be associated with information regarding a patient’s personal information or information regarding a patient’s medical condition or illness. Some elements such as biological gender at birth or birth date may be expected not to change over time or with progression of an illness. Other elements such as disease stage or treatments may be expected to change over time. [00174]
  • the EL module 120 can determine whether the element can change over time or with disease progression. In some embodiments, the properties of a Shape with which the element is associated will indicate whether the element should be treated as unchanging element or as an element that can change over time or with disease progression. In operation 1208, for elements treated as unchanging over time the EL module 120 determines whether the element has more than one corresponding candidate fact.
  • the EL module 120 can identify the corresponding candidate fact as the best fact. In some embodiments and for at least some elements, the identified best fact may be subject to acceptance or verification by a user. In operation 1212, where the element has more than one corresponding candidate fact, the EL module 120 can identify one or more best facts of the more than one corresponding fact based on reduction rules specific to the element. In some embodiments, if more than one best fact is identified for the corresponding element in operation 1212, the system may send the more than one best fact to another module or system for determination of a single best fact for the corresponding element for use later in the process (not shown).
  • the one or more best facts are presented as suggested best facts to a user via a user interface for acceptance or verification 1230 as described below with respect to Figures 13 and 14 prior to outputting data corresponding to the one or more best facts 1222.
  • the EL module 120 can associate each candidate fact corresponding to the element with a progression period corresponding to a diagnosis or progression milestone.
  • the EL module can determine whether the element has more than one corresponding candidate fact for the progression period.
  • the EL module 120 can identify the corresponding candidate fact as the best fact corresponding to the element for the milestone.
  • the EL module 120 can identify at least one best fact corresponding to the element for the milestone from the more than one corresponding fact based on reduction rules specific to the element. In some embodiments, if more than one best fact is identified as corresponding to the element for the milestone in operation 1220, the system may send the more than one best fact to another module or system for determination of a single best fact for the corresponding element for the milestone for use later in the process (not shown).
  • the one or more best facts are presented as suggested best facts to a user via a user interface (e.g., a graphical user interface) for acceptance or verification 1230 as described below with respect to Figure 15 prior to outputting data corresponding to the one or more best facts 1222.
  • the EL module 120 can output data including the best facts associated with the patient.
  • Fig.13 is a flowchart depicting a process of determining the best fact in response to receiving additional data in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the abstraction application 123 can access a new set of data records, including information regarding a patient, the patient’s illness, and/or the patient’s treatment.
  • abstraction application 123 can extract additional candidate facts corresponding to elements associated with a patient.
  • the EL module 120 can identify one or more best facts corresponding to the each element associated with the patient based on the candidate facts extracted from an initial set of data records and the additional candidate facts extracted from the new set of data records. In some embodiments, this may be done using operations described with respect to operations 1206 to 1222 in Fig. 12. In some embodiments, the EL module 120 can determine a best fact corresponding to an element associated with a patient has been identified based on the initial data set. The EL module 120 can determine whether a new best fact can be identified from the candidate facts extracted from the additional data set.
  • Fig.14 is a flowchart depicting a process for conflict resolution in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the EL module 1400 can identify a conflict between more than one best fact of the candidate facts corresponding to an element, in determining the best fact for the element.
  • the EL module 120 determines whether the element changes over time.
  • the EL module 120 can transmit information regarding the more than one best fact corresponding to the element for conflict resolution to determine a single best fact for the element.
  • the EL module can transmit information regarding the more than one best fact corresponding to the element for the milestone for conflict resolution to determine a single best fact for the element for the milestone.
  • Some embodiments employ user acceptance or verification of the best facts for at least some elements instead of or in addition to the conflict resolution shown in Fig.14.
  • the identified one or more best elements are subjected to acceptance or verification (see operation 1230 in Fig.12) prior to output of data from the EL.
  • identifying the at least one best fact corresponding to the element includes presenting the at least one best fact as a suggested at least one best fact corresponding to the element to a user via a graphical user interface and receiving one or more of an acceptance of the suggested at least one best fact; an identification of at least one other candidate fact that is not a suggested best fact as at least one best fact; and a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact as a best fact. Where a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact is received, the suggested at least one best fact is no longer identified as the at least one best fact corresponding to the element.
  • the at least one best fact is identified as an accepted best fact.
  • the at least one other candidate best fact is identified as an accepted at least one best fact.
  • the output best fact would be an output accepted best fact.
  • identifying at least one best fact for each progression period having an associated candidate fact for the element further includes: presenting the at least one best fact for the progression period as a suggested at least one best fact corresponding to the element; and receiving one or more of: an acceptance of the suggested at least one best fact as at least one best fact; an identification of at least one other candidate fact that is not a suggested best fact as at least one best fact; and a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact as a best fact. Where a rejection of the suggested at least one best fact is received, the suggested at least one best fact is no longer identified as the at least one best fact corresponding to the element for the progression period.
  • Fig.15 is a screenshot of a portion of a graphical user interface 1502 that may be employed for reviewing suggested best facts.
  • the GUI includes identification of progression time periods and a listing of elements 1506 for which candidate facts and suggested best facts can be displayed.
  • the graphical user interface may be associated with the abstraction platform.
  • the graphical user interface enables a user to accept, verify, or identify progressions thereby defining progression periods, and select, accept or verify facts that should represent the progression period for NA assignment, i.e., select, accept or verify the best facts.
  • progression time ranges e.g., progression periods
  • facts are bucketed into those windows before suggesting a “best” fact per type, per progression with suggestions noted with computer icon. This process is referred to as enrichment herein.
  • the user has the ability to override suggestions for some or all of the element and for some or all of the progressions.
  • Figure 16 is an example architecture in accordance with some embodiments.
  • Documents including patient data (e.g., pdf, h17) and document events 1602 are ingested using a document ingestion layer, which is referred to as “symbiosis” 1606 herein.
  • the ingested document data is stored in storage, which is labeled as “Influx” 1608 herein, that stores all data abstracted in the abstraction platform.
  • Influx 1608 data stored in Influx 1608 is also accessed by or provided to a layer on top of the ingested document storage, which is referred to herein as “elastic search” (“ES”) 1610, that allows for searching of the ingested documents efficiently.
  • ES elastic search
  • the stored ingested documents in Influx 1608 are accessed by the abstraction platform (“AP”).
  • AP abstraction platform
  • Tricorder 1612 refers to a framework on which the AP is built.
  • the Tricorder 1612 abstraction platform framework works with the ES 1610, a Suggestion Engine 1614, and a clinical abstraction platform user interface (CAP UI) 1616.
  • the Suggestion Engine 1612 which implements some aspects of the EL, performs enrichment 1618 including determining suggested progression periods and suggested best facts based on the ingested data.
  • the Suggestion Engine 1612 is part of a “decision support system” that provides input to help make decisions.
  • the Suggestion Engine 1614 also suggests abstraction values based on ingested data (e.g., HL7 data) via a process referred to as FactOrly 1620 herein.
  • the suggested progression periods, the suggested best facts, and other candidate facts are presented to a user via a user interface, e.g., the CAP UI 1616, to receive input including input regarding acceptance or verification of the best facts or selection of other candidate facts as the best facts, and/or input regarding the suggested progression periods as indicated by “Patient Events” 1638.
  • a user interface e.g., the CAP UI 1616
  • the patient data may not be further processed for generation of output tables for analytics or generation of a nodal address.
  • the patient’s data may be escalated.
  • at least some patient information may be deemed essential such that if data regarding the patient data does not include the essential patient information, the system may not further process the patient data for generation of output tables for analytics or generation of a nodal address. For example, in some embodiments, if the patient data does not include a date of diagnosis, the data may not be further processed.
  • an authentication layer which is referred to as “Auth0” 1622 herein, is employed for secure login to the abstraction platform.
  • the term “Extract, Transform, Load” (“ETL”) as used herein refers to the functions performed when pulling data out of one database and placing into another of a different type. ETL is used to migrate data, e.g., from relational databases (database systems in which any field can be a component of more than one of the databases) into decision support systems.
  • relational database refers to a database that maintains a set of separate, related files (tables), but combines data elements from the files for queries and reports when required.
  • Routine queries to a relational database often require data from more than one file.
  • a relational database management system has the flexibility to “join” two or more files by comparing key fields and generating a new file from the records that meet the matching criteria. In practice, a pure relational query can be very slow. To speed up the process, indexes are built and maintained on key files used for matching.
  • Simple ETL is a programming language based on the mathematical theory of sets, a branch of mathematics or logic concerned with sets of objections and rules for their manipulation.
  • “Simple ETL/SETL” 1624 as used herein refers to an ETL process that transforms data stored in Influx 1608 into query-able tables organized by fact type.
  • the SETL identified patient data output is stored in a schema referred to herein as “SETL SEID” 1626.
  • the Simple ETL/SETL 1624 determines if there is an initial data of diagnosis associated with the patient data, and if there is no initial date of diagnosis, the data regarding the patient is not saved as SETL SEID data.
  • the patient data is de-identified 1628 to remove patient identification information other than an internally generated identifier associated with the patient, and the SETL de-identified patient data is stored in a schema referred to as SEDID 1630.
  • the system attempts to assign nodal addresses to the data in a nodal address (NA) generation process 1632.
  • NA nodal address
  • the NA generation process 1632 assigns a nodal address to the patient data corresponding to a progression period.
  • the NA Generation is via a business rules engine that evaluates patient data and determines the nodal address.
  • the NA generation business rules engine includes a nodal address API service that can generate nodal address information from data sent from external sources.
  • the NA generation process may output information indicating that a nodal address was generated for the patient (e.g., for each progression period), or information indicating that the nodal address generation failed for the patient (e.g., for all progression periods or for at least one progression period). Nodal address generation may fail for multiple different reasons.
  • nodal address generation may fail due to insufficient information being provided for all of the different elements required for generation of a nodal address.
  • a Nodal Address schema 1634 may be employed for the nodal address generation.
  • the term “Nodal Address Schema” (“NA Schema”) as used herein refers to nodal address assignment metadata, including success/failure messages, historical nodal address assignment, and current database of nodal addresses.
  • the SETL deidentified patient data may be used by the analytics schema 1632.
  • the analytic schema 1636 determines a treatment intent based, at least in part, on facts provided by the EL.
  • Fig.17 is a block diagram illustrating an internal architecture of an example of a computer, such as computing system 105 and/or client computing device 110, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a computer as referred to herein refers to any device with one or more processors capable of executing logic or coded instructions, and could be a server, personal computer, set top box, tablet, smart phone, pad computer or media device, to name a few such devices. As shown in the example of Fig.
  • internal architecture 3000 includes one or more processing units (also referred to herein as CPUs) 3012, which interface with at least one computer bus 3002. Also interfacing with computer bus 3002 are persistent storage medium/media 3006, network interface 3014, memory 3004, e.g., random access memory (RAM), run-time transient memory, read only memory (ROM), etc., media disk drive interface 2308 as an interface for a drive that can read and/or write to media including removable media such as floppy, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.
  • processing units also referred to herein as CPUs
  • persistent storage medium/media 3006 e.g., random access memory (RAM), run-time transient memory, read only memory (ROM), etc.
  • media disk drive interface 2308 as an interface for a drive that can read and/or write to media including removable media such as floppy, CD-ROM, DVD, etc.
  • Memory 3004 interfaces with computer bus 3002 so as to provide information stored in memory 3004 to CPU 3012 during execution of software programs such as an operating system, application programs, device drivers, and software modules that comprise program code, and/or computer-executable process steps, incorporating functionality described herein, e.g., one or more of process flows described herein.
  • software programs such as an operating system, application programs, device drivers, and software modules that comprise program code, and/or computer-executable process steps, incorporating functionality described herein, e.g., one or more of process flows described herein.
  • CPU 3012 first loads computer-executable process steps from storage, e.g., memory 3004, storage medium/media 3006, removable media drive, and/or other storage device. CPU 3012 can then execute the stored process steps in order to execute the loaded computer-executable process steps.
  • Stored data e.g., data stored by a storage device, can be accessed by CPU 3012 during the execution of computer-executable process steps.
  • persistent storage medium/media 3006 is a computer readable storage medium(s) that can be used to store software and data, e.g., an operating system and one or more application programs.
  • Persistent storage medium/media 3006 can also be used to store device drivers, such as one or more of a digital camera driver, monitor driver, printer driver, scanner driver, or other device drivers, web pages, content files, playlists and other files. Persistent storage medium/media 3006 can further include program modules and data files used to implement one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Internal architecture 3000 of the computer can include (as stated above), a microphone, video camera, TV / radio tuner, audio/video capture card, sound card, analog audio input with A/D converter, modem, digital media input (HDMI, optical link), digital I/O ports (RS232, USB, FireWire, Thunderbolt), and/or expansion slots (PCMCIA, ExpressCard, PCI, PCIe).
  • Reviewing relevant information from an electronic medical record for diagnostic or treatment purposes or for a visit with a patient can require significant amounts of time for a medical provider. Further, many interfaces for viewing information from an electronic medical record only display certain aspects of the patient’s medical information at one time, or only certain date ranges for a patient’s medical information at one time, or require clicking through multiple menus to determine if there is any relevant medical information of a certain type, which can lead to relevant medical information being easily overlooked. Some embodiments provide a graphical user interface including an interactive timeline for viewing information regarding a patient’s medical history that provides an overview of relevant medical information (e.g., diagnostic information, treatment information, biomarker information, disease progression information) and efficient access to detailed medical information at the same time.
  • relevant medical information e.g., diagnostic information, treatment information, biomarker information, disease progression information
  • such a graphical user interface with an interactive patient timeline can be used by a medical provider to review a patient’s medical history upon intake, before or during a patient visit, or prior to seeing a patient in an emergency room visit.
  • such an interactive patient timeline can be used by a medical provider in a handoff between modalities, e.g., between a primary care physician and a specialist, or by a tumor board.
  • the interactive patient timeline can be used for review of a patient’s medical history instead of accessing a patient’s electronic medical record.
  • the interactive patient timeline is generated from time series data, which is described above.
  • the interactive patient timeline is based on all relevant non-duplicative patient data or information and not just best fact data. In some embodiments, the interactive patient timeline includes an indication of best fact data. In some embodiments, providing the interactive patient timeline includes grouping some facts as associated with a disease progression. In some embodiments, providing the interactive patient timeline includes determining a span or duration of time associated with medical information based on the patient data.
  • Figures 19-24 illustrate a graphical user interface including an interactive patient timeline in accordance with some embodiments. The timelines may be generated by a computing system (e.g., computing system 105) and displayed on a GUI (e.g., GUI 150a, 150b) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • generating of the graphical user interface including an interactive patient timeline may be based on a browser-based graphing library, such as plotly for Python.
  • Fig.19 illustrates an example interactive patient timeline 1900 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Medical information of the patient (information in the patient’s medical history or patient’s medical record) shown in the patient timeline in Figs. 19-24 and in Fig.25 is not real patient data, but is instead mock data based on a common clinical scenario that a clinician would encounter in practice.
  • the patient interactive timeline 1900 includes a plurality of markers (e.g, marker 1922) which are displayed as a circle, triangle, diamond, or other shape on the timeline.
  • Each marker indicating a relevant time associated with medical information, the beginning of a period of time associated with medical information, or the end of a period of time associated with medical information.
  • Each time period associated with medical information is graphically displayed with a beginning marker and an ending marker and a graphical indication of span between the beginning marker and the ending marker.
  • a user selection of a marker causes the timeline to display medical information associated with the marker. For example, a user may employ a mouse, touch pad or touch sensitive screen to move a cursor to select a marker and view a display of medical information associated with the selected marker. In one embodiment, the user may use the cursor to hover over a marker, resulting in a graphical window associated with the marker to pop up.
  • the interactive timeline may include a plurality of sub- timelines that are vertically offset and aligned in time with each other for different categories of information.
  • the plurality of sub-timelines includes one or more of: a treatment sub-timeline including any markers related to treatment information (e.g., Systemic Therapy sub-timeline 1901, Surgery sub-timeline 1904, or Radiation sub-timeline 1906); a diagnosis or progression sub-timeline including any markers related to diagnosis, or disease or disorder progression information (e.g., Events sub-timeline 1910); a biomarker sub-timeline 1908 including any markers related to disease or disorder biomarker test results information (e.g., Biomarker sub-timeline 1908); a disease or disorder sub-timeline including markers related to disease or disorder information not falling in other categories (e.g., Patient & Disease timeline 1912); and a patient sub-timeline including any markers related to relevant patient information not falling into other categories (e.g., Patient & Disease timeline 1912).
  • a treatment sub-timeline including any
  • the interactive timeline includes sub- timelines corresponding to Systemic Therapy 1902, Surgery 1904, Radiation 1906, Biomarker information 1908, Diagnosis or Progression 1910, and Patient and Disease information 1912.
  • Markers in each sub-timeline may be displayed in different colors in some embodiments.
  • Each sub-timeline may display markers graphically representing medical information in chronological order associated with that sub-timeline category.
  • the Biomarker sub-timeline 1908 includes markers associated with biomarker testing results for the patient. Upon selection of a marker by a user, information is displayed regarding the medical information regarding the marker.
  • receipt of a user selection of a marker within the biomarker sub-timeline 1908 may display information including one or more of the date of the test, the name of the biomarker that is tested for (e.g., HER2, Progesterone Receptor, Estrogen Receptor, etc.), the method of testing (e.g., FISH, IHC, etc.), the results, and the interpretation. It should be appreciated that different embodiments may include different timeline categories.
  • one or more vertical graphical indicators are used to represent a diagnosis or a progression of a disease or disorder. For example, in Figure 19, vertical graphical indicator 1930 corresponds to the time of initial diagnosis, and vertical graphical indicator 1932 corresponds to a first metastatic progression.
  • the interactive timeline includes one or more diagnosis or progression time periods. In some embodiments, the one or more diagnosis or progression time periods are divided by the one or more vertical graphical indicators. In some embodiments, the interactive timeline includes one or more diagnosis or progression time periods. In some embodiments, the graphical user interface enables filtering of markers displayed the interactive timeline based on user-selected criteria. In some embodiments, the user-selected criteria include a diagnosis or progression time period. [00201] As noted above, in some embodiments, the interactive timeline includes markers corresponding to relevant non-duplicative information and is not limited to just the determined best fact information.
  • the patient timeline 1900 shows a breast cancer patient who had received two HER2 tests when the patient was diagnosed non- metastatic – selection of one marker 1914 displays information regarding a ‘Positive’ IHC test performed on December 26, 2009, and selection of another marker 1916 displays information regarding an ‘Equivocal’ FISH test performed on February 13, 2010.
  • the described sub-timelines of Figs.19-24, including timeline 1900 may display additional markers besides those discussed in relation to HER2 testing.
  • the timeline 1900 includes a marker 1918 with an associated window displaying that the patient received a Progesterone Receptor test with a ‘Positive’ IHC test on December 26, 2009, and a marker 1920 with an associated window displaying that the patient received an Estrogen Receptor test with a ‘Positive’ IHC test on December 26, 2009.
  • the timeline 2100 further displays markers associated with the Systemic Therapy sub-timeline 1902, the Events sub- timeline 1910, and the Patient and Disease sub-timeline 1912.
  • Fig.20 illustrates the timeline 2000 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment with markers associated with the first progression after diagnosis selected.
  • the view of the interactive patient timeline 2000 in Fig.20 shows that the patient received four additional HER2 tests after the first disease progression when the patient was diagnosed metastatic: selected marker 2002 displays a ‘Negative’ IHC test performed on March 22, 2014, selected marker 2004 displays an ‘Equivocal’ IHC test performed on April 7, 2014, selected marker 2006 displays an ‘Equivocal’ FISH test performed on April 15, 2014, and selected marker 2008 displays a ‘Positive’ FISH test performed on July 21, 2014.
  • the method further comprises displaying a summary version of the full time period timeline 2110 including two or more selectable graphical indicators, the selectable graphical indicators including a beginning time period indicator 2112 and an ending time period indicator 2114, where user selection and movement of the beginning time period indicator and/or the ending time period indicator change a time period 2116 displayed in the interactive timeline.
  • Fig.21 depicts a zoomed in view of a time period including the progression to metastatic cancer in the interactive patient timeline with the smaller summary version of the full time period timeline below showing the period selected.
  • Fig.21 provides display information regarding the selected marker 2102 corresponding to information regarding a “Negative” HER2 IHC test conducted on March 22, 2014 post-progression to metastatic cancer.
  • Fig.22 illustrates another zoomed in view of a portion of the interactive timeline with displayed information regarding selected marker 2202 showing an “Equivocal” result of a second HER2 IHC test conducted on April 7, 2014 post-progression to metastatic cancer.
  • user selection of the 2302 marker causes display of information regarding an “Equivocal” result of a third HER2 test, which was a FISH test, conducted on April 15, 2014 post-progression to metastatic cancer.
  • the method or system can evaluate end to end patient information covering the course of the patient’s medical history from diagnosis through multiple points up until death and generate suggestions for the most accurate facts regarding the patient from the patient information, subject to acceptance or verification.
  • the system or method generates the timeline(s) based output representing the identified best facts after acceptance or verification.
  • the best facts corresponding to each element associated with the patient can represent a complete and current view of the patient’s medical condition and illness history.
  • a clinician may want to view all relevant non-duplicative information from a patient’s medical record in a patient timeline
  • the patient timeline depicted in Figs.19-23 illustrates some challenges associated with patient records containing potentially conflicting information.
  • the patient whose medical history was depicted in Figs.19-23 had received a total of six HER2 tests (2 while non-metastatic, 4 while metastatic) in the course of her clinical history.
  • HER2 tests while non-metastatic, 4 while metastatic
  • a clinical and data team would have to implement sophisticated rules and logic to determine the best and correct HER2 status at the point of query.
  • this patient is determined to be HER2 positive at the time of developing metastatic disease due to the best fact according to the reduction rules, i.e., the positive FISH test.
  • to determine and correctly assign HER2 status is the function of the best fact selection feature.
  • best fact selection determines the patient’s HER2 status at the time of metastatic diagnosis.
  • the interactive timeline may not be limited to best facts in some embodiments, the best facts may be used for determination of associated summary information regarding the patient, such as HER2 positive status.
  • Fig.25 illustrates an example interface 2500 displaying a summary associated with the patient in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the summary information for the patient of Figs.19-24 indicates the patient’s HER2 status.
  • the identification of best facts for patients simplifies population-level metric aggregation in some embodiments. For example, an institution may inquire regarding how many first-line metastatic, HER2 positive patients were seen by the institution within a particular year. This is not a trivial question to answer given the potential discrepancy that may exist in HER2 testing data in a patient’s medical record.
  • the method or system of the present disclosure enables a data team or technology to systemically assign HER2 status across all patients for the purpose of fulfilling data requests or answering clinical questions. Furthermore, accurate testing of HER2 status is of great importance for patients in order to provide the best treatment for patients with metastatic disease.
  • a patient timeline may include only best facts.
  • timelines for multiple different patients may be compared with timelines for different patients overlaid with respect to diagnosis or one or more progressions.
  • an analytical system or method may show a de- identified, longitudinal and comparable patient journey or timeline which shows markers corresponding to clinical significant medical information and can be used as a tool for retrospective analysis of patient journeys (as a research cohort) to inform physicians of future directions they may be able to take with their own patient population.
  • the timeline will still be clinically relevant, with the events shifted during de-identification in a way such that the physician can still use it for research or other purposes.
  • the timeline will highlight disease progressions, which will help illuminate the causes of that progression.
  • Fig.26 illustrates an example interface 2600 displaying patient information for analysis for an institution or an organization in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the interface 2600 may be displayed on a GUI (e.g., GUI 150a, 150b) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • GUI 150a, 150b e.g., GUI 150a, 150b
  • systems and methods that employ enrichment as described herein may generate best facts for use by analytical systems, programs, or apps to analyze patient data, or are incorporated into systems and methods that employ analytical systems. For example, the Real Word Analytics web application from COTA, Inc.
  • AKA COTA Healthcare is a population health analytics tool that can employ best facts selection and provide a summary of diagnostics, procedures, treatments, and outcomes so a healthcare administrator’s clinical team can retrospectively uncover insights in similar patient cohorts.
  • An analytics program, system or app, using the best facts selection can also or alternatively be used to track key operational metrics and clinical insights and the ability to investigate outliers to better understand aggregate metrics in some embodiments.
  • the data provided to analytical systems may be de-identified as to patient to ensure patient privacy.
  • such a system, method or application may have a user-interface similar to that depicted in Fig.26 for Real World Analytics (RWA).
  • enrichment as described herein is employed in a system or method that summarizes clinically relevant attributes of a patient population, including, but not limited to, tumor histology, stage, comorbidities, outcomes, and therapies including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
  • enrichment as described herein is employed in a system or method that tracks and enables retrospective analysis of operational metrics including, but not limited to, patients under treatment, metastases, molecular markers, progression-free and overall survival, additional cancer-specific diagnostic attributes, and clinical population.
  • enrichment as described herein is employed in a system or method that enables selection and filtering of patient cohorts and sub-cohorts based on cancer-specific diagnostic attributes (e.g., breast cancer- specific diagnostic attributes, lung cancer-specific diagnostic attributes) and cohort comparison tools.
  • the patient cohorts and sub-cohorts are determined at least in part, based on progression obtained from best fact data or best fact selection as described herein.
  • the patient cohorts and sub-cohorts are determined at least in part, based on a nodal address or nodal addresses to which the patients are assigned, where the nodal address or nodal addresses are assigned based, at least in part, on best fact data or facts determined from best fact selection as described herein.
  • enrichment as described herein is employed in a system or method that enables aggregation and visualization of treatment choices by practice site and physician. In some embodiments, enrichment as described herein is employed in a system or method that compares treatments and regimen combinations, including their sequencing. In some embodiments, enrichment as described herein is employed in a system or method that visualizes a treatment journey of patient at multiple levels of granularity (e.g., line of therapy, modalities involved).
  • Fig.27 is a schematic diagram for a system and method, in which enrichment and best fact selection is incorporated, that produces enriched longitudinal patient records and best facts per progression, as well as provides analytics and tools (e.g., such as the analytics and tools provided in COTA RWA) for the use of health providers, health systems, for medical system management, for those who authorize care or payment for care, for those who evaluate care, and/or for other users in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the system and method can be implemented, at least in part, via a web-based application in some embodiments.
  • the system and method include an Application Front End 2710, which may be formed as part of a web-interface for a user.
  • a Cloud Container Engine 2720 may implement an API, and may incorporate some or all of data templates, data tables and pre-aggregations that power the application, survival and metrics 2722.
  • Information from Cloud Container Engine 2720 is provided to a Data Cache 2730, to User Settings 2732, and to Data Insights 2734.
  • Data Insights 2734 also receives input from an Insights Scheduler 2736.
  • Data Insights 2734 saves queries by the application for all users, which are stored, and calculates the patient count to perform analytics based on query criteria at regular time intervals based on the Insights Scheduler 2736.
  • User Settings 2732 are saved queries for the current user only.
  • input medical history data or medical record data for patients is not received via the same Application Front End, but is instead obtained separately.
  • the data is abstracted from records and is input as Time Series Patient Facts 2738.
  • the Time Series Patient Facts 2738 undergo Enrichment / Best Fact Selection 2740, as described herein.
  • Nodal Address (NA) and Progression Assignment 2742 is conducted based on the input data after the enrichment and best fact selection.
  • NA and Progression Assignment 2742 in some embodiments
  • Data Transformations 2744 are employed.
  • Data transformations include additional rulesets for data such as, but not limited to, treatment sequencing, combinations, timeline segments, etc.
  • the transformed data is used along with data from the Data Cache 2730 and Data Insights 2734 to produce Enriched Longitudinal Patient Records and Best Facts per progression 2746.
  • the Enriched Longitudinal Patient Records and Best Facts per progression are stored remote from a user at a server or a cloud environment and controlled by a provider of the web-based application.
  • the Enriched Longitudinal Patient Records and Best Facts per progression are then used in analytics, e.g., to determine cohorts with the same or similar disease-relevant characteristics in one or more progression periods to compare like patients to like patients.
  • the analytics are performed in/by the Cloud Container Engine 2720.
  • the system or method enables the user to export at least some of the enriched longitudinal patient records and best facts data.
  • a method or system employs user privileges to determine whether any of the enriched longitudinal patient records and facts data can be exported by a user.
  • the best fact data is stored primarily within the progression based data.
  • best facts data can be joined to times series data using a unique patient identifier.
  • enriched longitudinal patient records and/or best facts per progression are used to define a disease-relevant cohort of patients each having the same parameters for disease-relevant characteristics for a particular disease (e.g., patients assigned to the same or a closely related nodal address during one or more progression periods) to conduct analysis, compare outcomes, and/or perform outcome tracking.
  • the outcome tracking and/or comparison of outcomes enables identification of whether a patient in the cohort is experiencing worse outcomes than expected based on the outcomes for other patients having the same parameters for disease- relevant characteristics.
  • the outcome tracking or comparison of outcomes enables identification of whether one or more patients in the cohort are experiencing worse outcomes than expected based on the outcome tracking or comparison of outcomes for other patients or all having the same parameters for disease-relevant characteristics in the cohort (e.g., all patients assigned to the same or a closely related nodal address during one or more progression periods).
  • the outcome tracking or outcome comparison enables identification of whether one or more patients in the cohort being cared for by a particular provider, group, or site are experiencing worse outcomes than expected based on the outcome tracking or outcome comparison for patients having the same parameters for disease-relevant characteristics (e.g., all patients assigned to the same or a closely related nodal address during one or more progression periods) being cared for by other providers, groups, or at other sites.
  • the outcome tracking or outcome comparison enables an alert, a communication to a health care provider, or visual indication that the patient or patients is/are experiencing worse outcomes than expected based on the outcome tracking, enabling the health care provider to take corrective action.
  • Further information regarding outcome tracking, alerts, and communications can be found, at least, in U.S. Published Patent Application No.2015/0100341, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2021/0082573, and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 2018/089584, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • enriched longitudinal patient records and/or best facts per progression are used to define a disease-relevant cohort of patients each having the same parameters for disease-relevant characteristics for a particular disease (e.g., patients assigned to the same or a closely related nodal address during one or more progression periods) in a decision support system or method that aids in determining potentially effective and efficient treatment options for a patient (e.g., a bundle of patient treatment services associated with a nodal address to which a patient is assigned).
  • enriched longitudinal patient records and/or best facts per progression are used to define a disease-relevant cohort of patients each having the same parameters for disease- relevant characteristics for a particular disease (e.g., patients assigned to the same or a closely related nodal address during one or more progression periods) in a system or method for comparison of treatments and outcomes, which can be used by the system or method to guide treatment of or provide suggested treatment options for a patient assigned to the same nodal address.
  • Further information regarding providing treatment options for patients may be found, at least, in U.S. Published Patent Application No.2015/0100341, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2021/0082573, and International Patent Application Publication No.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système, un procédé et un support lisible par ordinateur non transitoire, pour fournir des données de patient précises correspondant à des repères de diagnostic et/ou de progression pour un patient présentant un état pathologique et/ou une maladie. L'invention concerne également des procédés et des systèmes pour fournir une interface utilisateur graphique comprenant une ligne chronologique d'informations de patient interactive.
EP22842831.4A 2021-07-14 2022-07-13 Systèmes et procédés pour fournir des données de patient précises correspondant à des repères de progression pour fournir des options de traitement et un suivi de résultats Pending EP4371132A1 (fr)

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US17/375,916 US20210343420A1 (en) 2020-01-09 2021-07-14 Systems and methods for providing accurate patient data corresponding with progression milestones for providing treatment options and outcome tracking
PCT/US2022/037017 WO2023287920A1 (fr) 2021-07-14 2022-07-13 Systèmes et procédés pour fournir des données de patient précises correspondant à des repères de progression pour fournir des options de traitement et un suivi de résultats

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US8694335B2 (en) * 2011-02-18 2014-04-08 Nuance Communications, Inc. Methods and apparatus for applying user corrections to medical fact extraction
US10783448B2 (en) * 2015-08-07 2020-09-22 Flatiron Health, Inc. Extracting facts from unstructured data
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WO2023287920A9 (fr) 2023-12-07
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IL310082A (en) 2024-03-01

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