EP4359237A1 - Method for operating a refrigerated vehicle, and refrigerated vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating a refrigerated vehicle, and refrigerated vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP4359237A1
EP4359237A1 EP22736256.3A EP22736256A EP4359237A1 EP 4359237 A1 EP4359237 A1 EP 4359237A1 EP 22736256 A EP22736256 A EP 22736256A EP 4359237 A1 EP4359237 A1 EP 4359237A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
tank
refrigerated vehicle
storage area
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22736256.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Claude CLAEYS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer SE and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Messer SE and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Messer SE and Co KGaA filed Critical Messer SE and Co KGaA
Publication of EP4359237A1 publication Critical patent/EP4359237A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3202—Cooling devices using evaporation, i.e. not including a compressor, e.g. involving fuel or water evaporation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00014—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices for load cargos on load transporting vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/0025—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the devices being independent of the vehicle
    • B60H1/00257—Non-transportable devices, disposed outside the vehicle, e.g. on a parking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3232—Cooling devices using compression particularly adapted for load transporting vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
    • F25D11/003—Transport containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F25D3/105—Movable containers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F2005/0039—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using a cryogen, e.g. CO2 liquid or N2 liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
    • F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a refrigerated vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a refrigerated vehicle suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Refrigerated vehicles are equipped with a storage area in which temperature-sensitive goods can be transported at a temperature of e.g. 4°C to 10°C, or as frozen goods at temperatures below 0°C.
  • Conventional cooling units are often still used for cooling, but they are increasingly being criticized for their high emissions of noise, CO2, NOx and particulate matter during operation. Cooling using a cryogenic refrigerant is an alternative.
  • the cryogenic refrigerant for example liquid nitrogen, is stored in liquid form in a thermally insulated refrigerant tank mounted on the vehicle and, if required, fed to the storage area via a pipeline.
  • cryogenic refrigerant is either sprayed into the storage area in liquid or gaseous form (direct cooling) or brought into indirect thermal contact with the atmosphere in the storage area via a heat exchanger arrangement (indirect cooling).
  • direct cooling the cryogenic refrigerant is either sprayed into the storage area in liquid or gaseous form
  • indirect cooling the cryogenic refrigerant is brought into indirect thermal contact with the atmosphere in the storage area via a heat exchanger arrangement (indirect cooling).
  • Examples of such refrigerated vehicles and cooling systems of refrigerated vehicles are described in WO 2011/141287 A1, EP 1 659355 A2, GB 2275098 A or EP 2384916 A2.
  • the refrigerant tanks When such refrigerated vehicles are used, the refrigerant tanks must be refilled from time to time in order to replace refrigerant that evaporates or heats up when the goods are cooled.
  • Refueling takes place at private filling stations, for example at the location of the logistics company that operates the refrigerated vehicles, or at public filling stations.
  • the storage area either continues to be cooled with cryogenic refrigerant from the refrigerant tank, or cooling is suspended for the duration of refueling.
  • such filling stations also have two filling lines that have to be connected to the refrigerant tank during filling: A first line is used for supplying liquid cryogenic refrigerant, a second for removing refrigerant vaporized in the refrigerant tank during filling. Since that simultaneous connection of the containers via two lines is very complex and also associated with an increased risk for the operator, more recent developments, such as the subject of WO 2019/042714 A1, allow the connection via only one filling line. With this item, the cryogenic refrigerant is brought into a supercooled state before filling, with the result that the gas phase in the refrigerant tank collapses during the filling process and no longer has to be discharged via a separate line. Before the start of the filling process, only a filling pistol mounted on the filling line has to be connected gas-tight, but detachable, to a corresponding connection piece of the refrigerant tank.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for operating a refrigerated vehicle and a refrigerated vehicle that enables the cold chain to be maintained even over long periods of non-operation, without having to remove products from the refrigerated vehicle.
  • the method includes operating a refrigerated vehicle equipped with a storage area for transporting products to be refrigerated by direct or indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant a specified cooling temperature is maintained, a first operating state of the refrigerated vehicle, during which the refrigerant for cooling the storage area is taken from a refrigerant tank arranged on the refrigerated vehicle, and a second operating state of the refrigerated vehicle, in which the refrigerant for cooling the storage area is taken from a stationary storage tank, bypassing the refrigerant tank is removed.
  • the refrigerated vehicle In the first operating state, also called “transport state” below, the refrigerated vehicle is used as intended for transporting products to be refrigerated and/or delivering them to customers.
  • the products to be cooled can be, for example, food products, medical, pharmaceutical, biotechnical or other temperature-sensitive products.
  • the refrigerated vehicle can be moved in this operating state, although necessary downtimes - for example during loading and unloading or due to legally prescribed rest periods - are not excluded. However, such periods of downtime are to be dimensioned in such a way that the proper cooling of the storage area by means of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank can be guaranteed during this time.
  • the refrigerant tank must be filled up.
  • the refrigerant tank is temporarily connected to a stationary filling station, and the refrigerant tank is filled with a defined amount of cryogenic refrigerant. Transporting products to be cooled is not possible during this time, but products to be cooled may still be in the storage area.
  • the storage area either continues to be cooled by refrigerant from the refrigerant tank, or there is no cooling, since in many cases the time required for refueling is so short that the temperature can be kept below a specified value during this time without continued cooling .
  • the second operating mode also referred to here as "stationary cooling"
  • stationary cooling there is a permanent line connection between the refrigerated vehicle and a stationary one storage tank, and the storage area is cooled using cryogenic refrigerant from the storage tank, bypassing the refrigerant tank on the refrigerated vehicle. Similar to refueling, it is not possible to transport products to be cooled in this operating state.
  • the storage tank takes over the function of the refrigerant tank.
  • the coolant required to cool the storage area is taken from the storage tank and fed to a cooling unit arranged in the storage area via the permanent line connection.
  • the amount of refrigerant released from the storage container during the period of stationary cooling depends on the cooling required in the storage area, so it is not - as with refueling - released a fixed predetermined amount of refrigerant to the refrigerated vehicle. Since the stationary storage tank can be chosen to be very large, this operating mode is suitable, for example, for longer operating breaks lasting a few hours to several days, especially for a break in operation at the weekend, or for pre-cooling the refrigerated vehicle to operating temperature before loading. During stationary cooling, the storage area can be kept at the specified temperature, so it is not necessary to move the products to be cooled from the storage area of the refrigerated vehicle to a cold store or similar.
  • the refrigerant tank is fluidically decoupled from the storage area. Refrigerant that is still in the refrigerant tank therefore only evaporates at a very low rate, which is determined by the insulation of the refrigerant tank, which means that refrigerant can still be present in the refrigerant tank for days even without prior filling. It is therefore possible in many cases to immediately return to the transport state after the end of the stationary cooling without the cooling of the refrigerant tank to the operating temperature being necessary beforehand.
  • the removal of the refrigerant from the stationary storage tank is preferably regulated as a function of a predetermined cooling temperature in the storage area.
  • the control is preferably carried out with the same control unit, which is usually present on refrigerated vehicles and which controls the removal of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank in the transport state.
  • Liquid nitrogen or pressure-liquefied carbon dioxide are preferably used as cryogenic refrigerants in refrigerated vehicles.
  • Cooling of the storage area is always guaranteed during the aforementioned operating states. In a further operating state, not considered in detail here, no cooling of the storage area is provided, for example during an empty run or during maintenance of the refrigerated vehicle.
  • a refrigerated vehicle is equipped with a storage area intended for receiving products to be cooled, a refrigeration unit arranged in the storage area for cooling the atmosphere in the storage area through direct or indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant, with a refrigerant tank for storing the cryogenic refrigerant, which has a connection piece to connecting a filling gun of a filling station, and equipped with piping connecting the refrigerant tank to the refrigeration unit, wherein the piping, in addition to being connected to the refrigerant tank, is equipped with a connection fitting for connecting to a stationary storage tank for storing cryogenic refrigerant.
  • connection on the piping allows the storage area to be cooled with refrigerant from the stationary storage tank, bypassing the refrigerant tank on the refrigerated vehicle, by connecting the piping directly to the storage tank via a line.
  • the connection connection is preferably designed as an additional connection that is separate from the connection piece used to fill the refrigerant tank and preferably has a connection mechanism that is suitable for a permanent connection that is not constantly monitored, for example a flange connection.
  • the refrigerated vehicle according to the invention therefore enables the "stationary refrigeration" explained above and the maintenance of the refrigeration chain for refrigerated or frozen goods that are in the storage area during longer breaks in operation.
  • Means are preferably provided in terms of flow between the connection connection and the refrigerant tank, by means of which the refrigerant tank can be decoupled from the piping, in particular as long as during the stationary cooling there is a flow connection of the piping with the storage tank via the connection port.
  • These means are, for example, a valve arranged in terms of flow between the connection connection and the refrigerant tank.
  • the refrigerated vehicle preferably has a control device, by means of which the removal of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank or the storage tank can be controlled as a function of a predetermined cooling temperature in the storage area and the decoupling of the refrigerant tank during stationary cooling. While the control device controls the withdrawal of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank when the refrigerated vehicle is being transported, the same control device is preferably used during stationary refrigeration to regulate the withdrawal of refrigerant from the stationary storage tank. An additional control device at the location of the storage tank is therefore not required.
  • the refrigerated vehicle is in particular a road vehicle, such as a refrigerated truck or transport vehicle with a semi-trailer (trailer), on whose loading area a storage area for products to be cooled is arranged.
  • the invention is suitable, for example, for refrigerated vehicles intended for transporting and/or delivering fresh products (with a storage temperature between +2°C and +12°C) and/or frozen products (with a storage temperature below -18°C).
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 schematically show a refrigerated vehicle according to the invention in various operating states.
  • the refrigerated vehicle 1 has, in a manner known per se, a storage area 2 equipped with thermally well-insulated walls for accommodating refrigerated goods, in particular for accommodating refrigerated or frozen products for which the cold chain must be maintained.
  • a cooling unit in the exemplary embodiment shown here a heat exchanger 3, at which the atmosphere in the storage area 2 is brought into indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant, for example liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide, which is guided through the heat exchanger 3.
  • the refrigerant is stored in a refrigerant tank 4 mounted on the refrigerated vehicle 1 and routed to the heat exchanger 3 via piping 5 .
  • the refrigerant tank 4 and/or piping 5 are designed to be pressure-resistant and/or thermally well insulated. After passing through the heat exchanger 3 , the refrigerant that evaporates during the heat exchange is discharged via an exhaust pipe 6 without entering the interior of the storage area 2 .
  • the supply of cryogenic refrigerant to the heat exchanger 3 is controlled via a control valve 7 which is operatively connected to one arranged in the storage area 2 Temperature sensor 8 stands.
  • the refrigerant tank 4 is filled with the refrigerant in the manner described in more detail below via a connecting piece 9 which can be closed flow-tight by a valve 10 .
  • the piping 5 is equipped with an additional connection port 11 which can be opened and closed by means of a valve 12 .
  • the connection port 11 is used for connection to a stationary storage tank in the manner described below.
  • a valve 13 is also provided between the connection connection 11 and the refrigerant tank 4 , which blocks or opens this part of the piping 5 .
  • necessary safety fittings such as safety valves in particular, are present, but are not shown here for reasons of clarity.
  • the refrigerated vehicle 1 In the operating state ("transport state") shown in FIG. 1, the refrigerated vehicle 1 is mobile and ready for the transport and delivery of products to be refrigerated in the storage area 2 while maintaining the cold chain.
  • the valves 10, 12 are closed, the valve 13 is opened, and the refrigerant tank 4 is filled up to a level 14 with a refrigerant, here liquid nitrogen.
  • a refrigerant here liquid nitrogen.
  • the liquid nitrogen is transported in metered amounts to the heat exchanger 3, where it evaporates in indirect heat exchange with the atmosphere of the storage area 2 and is discharged via the exhaust pipe 6.
  • the amount of nitrogen stored in the refrigerant tank 4 is reduced by the ongoing cooling process during the transport of the products to be cooled. If the level 14 in the refrigerant tank 4 falls below a certain minimum level, the driver of the refrigerated vehicle 1 receives a corresponding signal to fill up the refrigerant tank 4.
  • the refrigerant tank 4 is filled at a public or private filling station 16 for the cryogenic refrigerant.
  • the filling station 16 includes a gas pump 17 with control and monitoring elements 18 and other devices not shown here, such as a subcooler.
  • the dispenser 17 is in flow communication via a refrigerant line 19 with a storage tank 20 for the cryogenic refrigerant.
  • the dispenser 17 is equipped with a flexible filling line 21 which is suitable for transporting the cryogenic refrigerant in the storage tank 20 and which opens out at a filling pistol 22 .
  • the filling gun 22 is adapted to the connection piece 9 of the refrigerant tank 4 and enables a temporary, gas-tight and liquid-tight connection of the filling line 21 to the refrigerant tank 4.
  • the filling gun 22 is connected to the connecting piece 9 and the valve 10 is opened.
  • the valve 12 remains closed. Cryogenic refrigerant is then filled into the refrigerant tank 4 up to a predetermined fill level.
  • the filling process is continuously monitored via the control and monitoring elements 18 and by staff. After completion of the filling process, the valve 10 is closed and the filling gun 22 is disconnected from the connecting piece 9 . The refrigerated vehicle 1 is then available again for the transport and delivery of refrigerated goods.
  • the refrigerated vehicle 1 has another operating state available, in which the storage area 2 is cooled directly from a stationary storage tank 24 for the cryogenic refrigerant.
  • FIG. 1 In this operating state (“stationary cooling”) shown in FIG.
  • the flow connection is established via a preferably flexible, thermally insulated and/or pressure-resistant connecting line 25 which is firmly but detachably connected to the storage tank 25 on the one hand and to the connection port 11 on the other hand.
  • valve 12 In this operating state, valve 12 is open and valve 13 is closed; the refrigerant tank 4 is therefore fluidically separated from the piping 5 .
  • Refrigerant still present in the refrigerant tank 4 is therefore no longer used to cool the storage area 2, but during this operating state only serves to keep the refrigerant tank 4 at a low temperature.
  • the storage area 2 is cooled exclusively by refrigerant from the storage tank 24 , which in this respect takes over the function of the refrigerant tank 4 .
  • the temperature in the storage area 2 is also regulated via the control valve 7 and the temperature sensor 8 , the control valve 7 now controlling the inflow of refrigerant from the storage tank 24 in this case.
  • the storage tank 24 can be part of a supply system in which a plurality of refrigerated vehicles can be supplied with refrigerant from the storage tank 24 during a break in operation.
  • a branch line 26 leads from the connecting line 25, on which a plurality of connecting connections 27, 27', 27" are arranged, which can be connected to a corresponding number of refrigerated vehicles for the supply of cryogenic refrigerant.
  • the storage tank 20 of a filling station 16 can also be designed to supply one or more refrigerated vehicles 1 during stationary cooling.
  • the storage tank 20 (not shown here) has additional connections for connecting the storage tank 20 with a piping 5 of a refrigerated vehicle 1, similar to the connections 27, 27', 27" of the storage tank 24.
  • the refrigerated vehicle 1 is not under the constant supervision of supervisors during the entire operating break, precautions are required to secure the refrigerated vehicle 1 and the fluidic connection to the storage tank 25, which must be determined in each individual case depending on the situation.
  • These can include, for example, brake pads 28, which prevent the refrigerated vehicle 1 from rolling away, or a safety valve 29, which automatically prevents the removal of refrigerant from the storage tank 24 in the event of a sudden drop in pressure in the connecting line 25, which indicates a line rupture, or - not shown here - means for remote monitoring which automatically detect the occurrence of an undesired event and send a warning signal to a central control room.
  • valve 12 is closed and the connecting line 25 is detached from the connecting port 11 .
  • the valve 13 is opened and the storage area 2 is cooled again by the refrigerant still present in the refrigerant tank 4 .
  • the refrigerated vehicle 1 is ready for immediate use, possibly after the refrigerant tank 4 has been filled up.
  • the cold chain for fresh or frozen products located in the storage area 2 can be maintained even during longer breaks in operation lasting several days without the products having to be relocated from the refrigerated vehicle 1 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

In a first, mobile operating state of a refrigerated vehicle (1), which is equipped with a storage region for the transport of refrigerated products in order to maintain the cold chain, the products are transported, wherein the refrigerant for cooling the storage region is drawn from a refrigerant tank (4) disposed on the refrigerated vehicle (1). According to the invention, in a second, stationary operating state of the refrigerated vehicle (1), the refrigerant for cooling the storage region (2) is drawn from a stationary storage tank (24), the refrigerant tank (4) being bypassed. Thus, long breaks in operation, for example at the weekend, can be bridged, so that the cold chain can be maintained without the need to transfer products which are to be refrigerated out of the refrigerated vehicle.

Description

VERFAHREN ZUM BETREIBEN EINES KÜHLFAHRZEUGS UND KÜHLFAHRZEUG METHOD OF OPERATING A REFRIGERATED VEHICLE AND REFRIGERATED VEHICLE
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kühlfahrzeugs nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignetes Kühlfahrzeug. The invention relates to a method for operating a refrigerated vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1. The invention also relates to a refrigerated vehicle suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
Kühlfahrzeuge sind mit einem Lagerbereich ausgerüstet, in denen temperatur empfindliche Waren bei einer Temperatur von z.B. 4°C bis 10°C, oder als Gefriergut bei Temperaturen unter 0°C transportiert werden können. Zur Kühlung kommen häufig noch konventionelle Kühlaggregate zum Einsatz, die jedoch wegen ihrer hohen Emissionen an Lärm, CO2, NOx und Feinstaub im laufenden Betrieb mehr und mehr in die Kritik geraten. Als Alternative bietet sich die Kühlung mittels eines kryogenen Kältemittels an. Das kryogene Kältemittel, beispielsweise flüssiger Stickstoff, wird in einem am Fahrzeug montierten thermisch isolierten Kältemitteltank im flüssigen Zustand bevorratet und bei Bedarf über eine Rohrleitung dem Lagerbereich zugeführt. Zur Kühlung wird das kryogene Kältemittel entweder flüssig oder gasförmig in den Lagerbereich eingesprüht (direkte Kühlung) oder über eine Wärmetauscheranordnung mit der Atmosphäre im Lagerbereich in indirekten Wärmekontakt gebracht (indirekte Kühlung). Beispiele für derartige Kühlfahrzeuge sowie für Kühlsysteme von Kühlfahrzeugen werden in der WO 2011/141287 A1 , EP 1 659355 A2, GB 2275098 A oder der EP 2384916 A2 beschrieben. Refrigerated vehicles are equipped with a storage area in which temperature-sensitive goods can be transported at a temperature of e.g. 4°C to 10°C, or as frozen goods at temperatures below 0°C. Conventional cooling units are often still used for cooling, but they are increasingly being criticized for their high emissions of noise, CO2, NOx and particulate matter during operation. Cooling using a cryogenic refrigerant is an alternative. The cryogenic refrigerant, for example liquid nitrogen, is stored in liquid form in a thermally insulated refrigerant tank mounted on the vehicle and, if required, fed to the storage area via a pipeline. For cooling, the cryogenic refrigerant is either sprayed into the storage area in liquid or gaseous form (direct cooling) or brought into indirect thermal contact with the atmosphere in the storage area via a heat exchanger arrangement (indirect cooling). Examples of such refrigerated vehicles and cooling systems of refrigerated vehicles are described in WO 2011/141287 A1, EP 1 659355 A2, GB 2275098 A or EP 2384916 A2.
Im Einsatz derartiger Kühlfahrzeuge müssen die Kältemitteltanks von Zeit zu Zeit neu betankt werden, um Kältemittel zu ersetzen, das bei der Kühlung der Waren verdampft oder erwärmt. Die Betankung erfolgt an privaten Füllstationen, beispielsweise am Standort des Logistikunternehmens, das die Kühlfahrzeuge betreibt, oder an öffentlichen Füllstationen. Während der Betankung wird der Lagerbereich entweder weiterhin mit kryogenem Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank gekühlt, oder die Kühlung wird für die Zeitdauer der Betankung unterbrochen. When such refrigerated vehicles are used, the refrigerant tanks must be refilled from time to time in order to replace refrigerant that evaporates or heats up when the goods are cooled. Refueling takes place at private filling stations, for example at the location of the logistics company that operates the refrigerated vehicles, or at public filling stations. During refueling, the storage area either continues to be cooled with cryogenic refrigerant from the refrigerant tank, or cooling is suspended for the duration of refueling.
Gelegentlich weisen derartige Füllstationen noch zwei Füllleitungen auf, die während der Befüllung mit dem Kältemitteltank verbunden werden müssen: Eine erste Leitung dient dabei zum Zuführen von flüssigem kryogenem Kältemittel, eine zweite zum Abführen von bei der Betankung im Kältemitteltank verdampftem Kältemittel. Da das gleichzeitige Verbinden der Behälter über zwei Leitungen sehr aufwändig und zudem für den Bediener mit einer erhöhten Gefahr verbunden ist, ermöglichen neuere Entwicklungen, wie etwa der Gegenstand der WO 2019/042714 A1, die Verbindung über lediglich eine Füllleitung. Bei diesem Gegenstand wird das kryogene Kältemittel vor der Befüllung in einen unterkühlten Zustand gebracht, mit der Folge, dass die Gasphase im Kältemitteltank während des Füllvorgangs kollabiert und nicht mehr über eine separate Leitung abgeführt werden muss. Vor Beginn des Füllvorgangs muss daher nur noch eine an der Füllleitung montierte Füllpistole mit einem entsprechenden Anschlussstutzen des Kältemitteltanks gasdicht, jedoch lösbar verbunden werden. Occasionally, such filling stations also have two filling lines that have to be connected to the refrigerant tank during filling: A first line is used for supplying liquid cryogenic refrigerant, a second for removing refrigerant vaporized in the refrigerant tank during filling. Since that simultaneous connection of the containers via two lines is very complex and also associated with an increased risk for the operator, more recent developments, such as the subject of WO 2019/042714 A1, allow the connection via only one filling line. With this item, the cryogenic refrigerant is brought into a supercooled state before filling, with the result that the gas phase in the refrigerant tank collapses during the filling process and no longer has to be discharged via a separate line. Before the start of the filling process, only a filling pistol mounted on the filling line has to be connected gas-tight, but detachable, to a corresponding connection piece of the refrigerant tank.
Füllstationen, seien es öffentliche oder private, werden aus Kostengründen in der Regel nicht am Wochenende betrieben. Kühlfahrzeuge sind daher möglichst so einzusetzen, dass sich zu Beginn eines Wochenendes oder einer sonstigen, längeren Betriebspause, kein auszulieferndes Produkt mehr im Lagerraum befindet, da ansonsten die Aufrechterhaltung der Kühlkette nicht mehr sicher gewährleistet werden kann. Dennoch vorhandene Produkte müssen somit ausgeladen und während der Betriebspause in einem Kühlraum gelagert werden. Weiterhin ist die Betankung eines nach einer längeren Betriebspause leeren und daher warmen Kältemitteltanks mit einem erheblichen Verlust an Kältemittel verbunden. Filling stations, be they public or private, are usually not operated at weekends for cost reasons. If possible, refrigerated vehicles should therefore be used in such a way that at the beginning of a weekend or another longer break in operation, there are no more products to be delivered in the storage room, otherwise the maintenance of the cold chain can no longer be reliably guaranteed. Nevertheless, existing products must be unloaded and stored in a cold room during the break in operation. Furthermore, refueling a refrigerant tank that is empty and therefore warm after a long period of non-operation is associated with a significant loss of refrigerant.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kühlfahrzeugs sowie ein Kühlfahrzeug anzugeben, das eine Aufrechterhaltung der Kühlkette auch über längere Betriebspausen hinweg ermöglicht, ohne dass eine Auslagerung von Produkten aus dem Kühlfahrzeug erforderlich ist. The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for operating a refrigerated vehicle and a refrigerated vehicle that enables the cold chain to be maintained even over long periods of non-operation, without having to remove products from the refrigerated vehicle.
Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie durch ein Kühlfahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 4. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben. This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and by a refrigerated vehicle having the features of patent claim 4. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß beinhaltet das Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kühlfahrzeugs, das mit einem Lagerbereich zum Transportieren zu kühlender Produkte ausgerüstet ist, in dem durch direkten oder indirekten Wärmekontakt mit einem kryogenen Kältemittel eine vorgegebene Kühltemperatur aufrechterhalten wird, einen ersten Betriebszustand des Kühlfahrzeugs, während dem das Kältemittel zur Kühlung des Lagerbereiches einem am Kühlfahrzeug angeordneten Kältemitteltank entnommen wird, sowie einen zweiten Betriebszustand des Kühlfahrzeugs, in dem das Kältemittel zur Kühlung des Lagerbereichs einem stationären Speichertank unter Umgehung des Kältemitteltanks entnommen wird. According to the invention, the method includes operating a refrigerated vehicle equipped with a storage area for transporting products to be refrigerated by direct or indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant a specified cooling temperature is maintained, a first operating state of the refrigerated vehicle, during which the refrigerant for cooling the storage area is taken from a refrigerant tank arranged on the refrigerated vehicle, and a second operating state of the refrigerated vehicle, in which the refrigerant for cooling the storage area is taken from a stationary storage tank, bypassing the refrigerant tank is removed.
Im ersten Betriebszustand, im folgenden auch „Transportzustand“ genannt, erfolgt die bestimmungsgemäße Verwendung des Kühlfahrzeugs zum Transportieren von zu kühlenden Produkten und/oder deren Auslieferung an Kunden. Bei den zu kühlenden Produkten kann es sich beispielsweise um Lebensmittelprodukte, medizinische, pharmazeutische, biotechnische oder sonstige temperaturempfindliche Produkte handeln. In diesem Betriebszustand kann grundsätzlich das Kühlfahrzeug bewegt werden, wenngleich notwendige Zeiten des Stillstands - etwa beim Be- und Entladen oder durch gesetzlich vorgegebene Ruhezeiten - nicht ausgeschlossen sind. Derartige Zeiten des Stillstandes sind jedoch so zu bemessen, dass während dieser Zeit die ordnungsgemäße Kühlung des Lagerbereiches durch Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank gewährleistet werden kann. In the first operating state, also called “transport state” below, the refrigerated vehicle is used as intended for transporting products to be refrigerated and/or delivering them to customers. The products to be cooled can be, for example, food products, medical, pharmaceutical, biotechnical or other temperature-sensitive products. In principle, the refrigerated vehicle can be moved in this operating state, although necessary downtimes - for example during loading and unloading or due to legally prescribed rest periods - are not excluded. However, such periods of downtime are to be dimensioned in such a way that the proper cooling of the storage area by means of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank can be guaranteed during this time.
Sofern die im Kältemitteltank befindliche Menge an Kältemittel nicht für die vorgesehene Kühlaufgabe ausreicht, muss der Kältemitteltank betankt werden. Während der Betankung, die auch als eigenständiger Betriebszustand angesehen werden kann, ist der Kältemitteltank temporär mit einer stationären Füllstation verbunden, und der Kältemitteltank wird mit einer definierten Menge an kryogenem Kältemittel befüllt. Ein Transport von zu kühlenden Produkten ist in dieser Zeit nicht möglich, jedoch können sich weiterhin zu kühlende Produkte im Lagerbereich befinden. Der Lagerbereich wird dabei entweder weiterhin durch Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank gekühlt, oder es wird auf eine Kühlung verzichtet, da in vielen Fällen die Zeitdauer einer Betankung so gering ist, dass die Temperatur in dieser Zeit auch ohne fortgesetzte Kühlung unterhalb eines vorgegebenen Werts gehalten werden kann. If the amount of refrigerant in the refrigerant tank is not sufficient for the intended cooling task, the refrigerant tank must be filled up. During refueling, which can also be viewed as an independent operating state, the refrigerant tank is temporarily connected to a stationary filling station, and the refrigerant tank is filled with a defined amount of cryogenic refrigerant. Transporting products to be cooled is not possible during this time, but products to be cooled may still be in the storage area. The storage area either continues to be cooled by refrigerant from the refrigerant tank, or there is no cooling, since in many cases the time required for refueling is so short that the temperature can be kept below a specified value during this time without continued cooling .
Im zweiten Betriebszustand, hier auch „stationäre Kühlung“ genannt, besteht eine permanente Leitungsverbindung des Kühlfahrzeugs mit einem ortsfesten Speichertank, und die Kühlung des Lagerbereiches erfolgt mittels kryogenem Kältemittel aus dem Speichertank unter Umgehung des Kältemitteltanks am Kühlfahrzeug. Ähnlich wie bei der Betankung ist ein Transport von zu kühlenden Produkten in diesem Betriebszustand nicht möglich. Während der stationären Kühlung übernimmt der Speichertank die Funktion des Kältemitteltanks. Das zur Kühlung des Lagerbereichs erforderliche Kältemittel wird dem Speichertank entnommen und über die permanente Leitungsverbindung einem im Lagerbereich angeordneten Kühlaggregat zugeführt. Die während der Zeitdauer der stationären Kühlung vom Speicherbehälter abgegebene Menge an Kältemittel richtet sich dabei nach der erforderlichen Kühlung im Lagerbereich, es wird also nicht - wie bei der Betankung - eine fest vorgegebene Menge an Kältemittel an das Kühlfahrzeug abgegeben. Da der ortsfeste Speichertank sehr groß gewählt werden kann, eignet sich dieser Betriebszustand beispielsweise für längere Betriebspausen von einigen Stunden bis zu mehreren Tagen Dauer, insbesondere für eine Betriebspause am Wochenende, oder zum Vorkühlen des Kühlfahrzeugs auf Betriebstemperatur vor der Beladung. Während der stationären Kühlung kann der Lagerbereich auf der vorgegebenen Temperatur gehalten werden, es ist also nicht erforderlich, die zu kühlenden Produkte aus dem Lagerbereich des Kühlfahrzeugs in ein Kühlhaus o.ä. umzulagern. In the second operating mode, also referred to here as "stationary cooling", there is a permanent line connection between the refrigerated vehicle and a stationary one storage tank, and the storage area is cooled using cryogenic refrigerant from the storage tank, bypassing the refrigerant tank on the refrigerated vehicle. Similar to refueling, it is not possible to transport products to be cooled in this operating state. During stationary cooling, the storage tank takes over the function of the refrigerant tank. The coolant required to cool the storage area is taken from the storage tank and fed to a cooling unit arranged in the storage area via the permanent line connection. The amount of refrigerant released from the storage container during the period of stationary cooling depends on the cooling required in the storage area, so it is not - as with refueling - released a fixed predetermined amount of refrigerant to the refrigerated vehicle. Since the stationary storage tank can be chosen to be very large, this operating mode is suitable, for example, for longer operating breaks lasting a few hours to several days, especially for a break in operation at the weekend, or for pre-cooling the refrigerated vehicle to operating temperature before loading. During stationary cooling, the storage area can be kept at the specified temperature, so it is not necessary to move the products to be cooled from the storage area of the refrigerated vehicle to a cold store or similar.
Während der stationären Kühlung ist der Kältemitteltank strömungstechnisch vom Lagerbereich abgekoppelt. Kältemittel, das sich noch im Kältemitteltank befindet, dampft daher nur mit einer sehr geringen, durch die Isolation des Kältemitteltanks bestimmten Rate ab, wodurch selbst ohne vorherige Betankung auch noch nach Tagen Kältemittel im Kältemitteltank vorhanden sein kann. Daher ist es in vielen Fällen möglich, nach dem Ende der stationären Kühlung unverzüglich in den Transportzustand zurückzukehren, ohne dass dazu eine vorherige Abkühlung des Kältemitteltanks auf Betriebstemperatur erforderlich wäre. During stationary cooling, the refrigerant tank is fluidically decoupled from the storage area. Refrigerant that is still in the refrigerant tank therefore only evaporates at a very low rate, which is determined by the insulation of the refrigerant tank, which means that refrigerant can still be present in the refrigerant tank for days even without prior filling. It is therefore possible in many cases to immediately return to the transport state after the end of the stationary cooling without the cooling of the refrigerant tank to the operating temperature being necessary beforehand.
Bevorzugt wird während der stationären Kühlung die Entnahme des Kältemittels aus dem ortsfesten Speichertank in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen Kühltemperatur im Lagerbereich geregelt. Die Regelung erfolgt bevorzugt mit der gleichen, üblicherweise an Kühlfahrzeugen vorhandenen Regeleinheit, die im Transportzustand die Entnahme von Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank regelt. Als kryogenes Kältemittel kommt im Kühlfahrzeug bevorzugt flüssiger Stickstoff oder druckverflüssigtes Kohlendioxid zum Einsatz. During the stationary cooling, the removal of the refrigerant from the stationary storage tank is preferably regulated as a function of a predetermined cooling temperature in the storage area. The control is preferably carried out with the same control unit, which is usually present on refrigerated vehicles and which controls the removal of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank in the transport state. Liquid nitrogen or pressure-liquefied carbon dioxide are preferably used as cryogenic refrigerants in refrigerated vehicles.
Während der vorgenannten Betriebszustände wird stets eine Kühlung des Lagerbereiches gewährleistet. In einem weiteren, hier nicht näher betrachteten Betriebszustand ist keine Kühlung des Lagerbereichs vorgesehen, etwa während einer Leerfahrt oder während einer Wartung des Kühlfahrzeugs. Cooling of the storage area is always guaranteed during the aforementioned operating states. In a further operating state, not considered in detail here, no cooling of the storage area is provided, for example during an empty run or during maintenance of the refrigerated vehicle.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Kühlfahrzeug ist mit einem zur Aufnahme von zu kühlenden Produkten bestimmten Lagerbereich, einem im Lagerbereich angeordneten Kühlaggregat zum Kühlen der Atmosphäre im Lagerbereich durch direkten oder indirekten thermischen Kontakt mit einem kryogenen Kältemittel, mit einem Kältemitteltank zum Speichern des kryogenen Kältemittels, der einen Anschlusssstutzen zum Anschließen einer Füllpistole einer Füllstation aufweist, und mit einer den Kältemitteltank mit dem Kühlaggregat verbindenden Verrohrung ausgerüstet, wobei die Verrohrung, zusätzlich zur Verbindung mit dem Kältemitteltank, mit einem Verbindungsanschluss zum Verbinden mit einem stationären Speichertank zum Speichern von kryogenem Kältemittel ausgerüstet ist. A refrigerated vehicle according to the invention is equipped with a storage area intended for receiving products to be cooled, a refrigeration unit arranged in the storage area for cooling the atmosphere in the storage area through direct or indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant, with a refrigerant tank for storing the cryogenic refrigerant, which has a connection piece to connecting a filling gun of a filling station, and equipped with piping connecting the refrigerant tank to the refrigeration unit, wherein the piping, in addition to being connected to the refrigerant tank, is equipped with a connection fitting for connecting to a stationary storage tank for storing cryogenic refrigerant.
Durch den Verbindungsanschluss an der Verrohrung ist die Kühlung des Lagerbereiches durch Kältemittel aus dem stationären (ortsfesten) Speichertank unter Umgehung des Kältemitteltanks am Kühlfahrzeug möglich, indem die Verrohrung direkt über eine Leitung mit dem Speichertank verbunden wird. Der Verbindungsanschluss ist bevorzugt als zusätzlicher, von dem der Befüllung des Kältemitteltanks dienenden Anschlussstutzen separater Anschluss ausgebildet und weist dabei bevorzugt eine Anschlussmimik auf, die für eine dauerhafte und nicht ständig überwachte Verbindung geeignet ist, beispielsweise eine Flanschverbindung. Das erfindungsgemäße Kühlfahrzeug ermöglicht daher die oben erläuterte „stationäre Kühlung“ und die Aufrechterhaltung der Kühlkette für Kühl- oder Gefriergut, das sich während längerer Betriebspausen im Lagerbereich befindet. Dabei sind bevorzugt strömungstechnisch zwischen Verbindungsanschluss und Kältemitteltank Mittel vorgesehen, mittels denen der Kältemitteltank von der Verrohrung abgekoppelt werden kann, insbesondere, solange während der stationären Kühlung eine Strömungsverbindung der Verrohrung mit dem Speichertank über den Verbindungsanschluss besteht. Bei diesen Mitteln handelt es sich beispielsweise um ein strömungstechnisch zwischen Verbindungsanschluss und Kältemitteltank angeordnetes Ventil. Dadurch wird das im Kältemitteltank noch befindliche Kältemittel während der stationären Kühlung nicht mehr zur Kühlung des Lagerbereichs eingesetzt und dient vorwiegend zum Kühlen des Kältemitteltanks selbst. The connection on the piping allows the storage area to be cooled with refrigerant from the stationary storage tank, bypassing the refrigerant tank on the refrigerated vehicle, by connecting the piping directly to the storage tank via a line. The connection connection is preferably designed as an additional connection that is separate from the connection piece used to fill the refrigerant tank and preferably has a connection mechanism that is suitable for a permanent connection that is not constantly monitored, for example a flange connection. The refrigerated vehicle according to the invention therefore enables the "stationary refrigeration" explained above and the maintenance of the refrigeration chain for refrigerated or frozen goods that are in the storage area during longer breaks in operation. Means are preferably provided in terms of flow between the connection connection and the refrigerant tank, by means of which the refrigerant tank can be decoupled from the piping, in particular as long as during the stationary cooling there is a flow connection of the piping with the storage tank via the connection port. These means are, for example, a valve arranged in terms of flow between the connection connection and the refrigerant tank. As a result, the refrigerant still in the refrigerant tank is no longer used to cool the storage area during stationary cooling and is mainly used to cool the refrigerant tank itself.
Bevorzugt verfügt das Kühlfahrzeug über eine Regeleinrichtung, mittels der wahlweise die Entnahme von Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank oder dem Speichertank in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen Kühltemperatur im Lagerbereich sowie die Abkopplung des Kältemitteltanks während der stationären Kühlung regelbar ist. Während die Regeleinrichtung im Transportzustand des Kühlfahrzeugs also die Entnahme von Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank regelt, kommt bevorzugt die gleiche Regeleinrichtung während der stationären Kühlung zum Einsatz, um die Entnahme von Kältemittel aus dem stationären Speichertankzu regeln. Eine zusätzliche Regeleinrichtung am Ort des Speichertanks ist somit nicht erforderlich. The refrigerated vehicle preferably has a control device, by means of which the removal of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank or the storage tank can be controlled as a function of a predetermined cooling temperature in the storage area and the decoupling of the refrigerant tank during stationary cooling. While the control device controls the withdrawal of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank when the refrigerated vehicle is being transported, the same control device is preferably used during stationary refrigeration to regulate the withdrawal of refrigerant from the stationary storage tank. An additional control device at the location of the storage tank is therefore not required.
Bei dem Kühlfahrzeug handelt es sich insbesondere um ein Straßenfahrzeug, etwa ein Kühl-LKW oder Transportfahrzeug mit Sattelauflieger (Trailer), auf dessen Ladefläche ein Lagerbereich für zu kühlende Produkte angeordnet ist. Die Erfindung eignet sich beispielsweise für Kühlfahrzeuge, die zum Transportieren und/oder Ausliefern von Frischeprodukten (mit einer Lagertemperatur zwischen +2°C und +12°C) und/oder Tiefkühlprodukten (mit einer Lagertemperatur von unter -18°C) bestimmt sind. The refrigerated vehicle is in particular a road vehicle, such as a refrigerated truck or transport vehicle with a semi-trailer (trailer), on whose loading area a storage area for products to be cooled is arranged. The invention is suitable, for example, for refrigerated vehicles intended for transporting and/or delivering fresh products (with a storage temperature between +2°C and +12°C) and/or frozen products (with a storage temperature below -18°C).
Anhand der Zeichnung soll ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Die Zeichnungen (Fig. 1 bis Fig. 3) zeigen schematisch ein erfindungsgemäßes Kühlfahrzeug in verschiedenen Betriebszuständen. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The drawings (FIGS. 1 to 3) schematically show a refrigerated vehicle according to the invention in various operating states.
Das erfindungsgemäße Kühlfahrzeug 1 weist in an sich bekannterWeise einen mit thermisch gut isolierten Wänden ausgerüsteten Lagerbereich 2 zum Aufnehmen von Kühlgut auf, insbesondere zum Aufnehmen von gekühlten oder gefrorenen Produkten, bei denen die Kühlkette gewahrt blieben muss. Zur Herstellung einer kalten Atmosphäre im Lagerbereich 2 dient ein Kühlaggregat, im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Wärmetauscher 3, an dem die Atmosphäre im Lagerbereich 2 in indirekten thermischen Kontakt mit einem durch den Wärmetauscher 3 geführten kryogenen Kältemittel, beispielsweise flüssiger Stickstoff oder flüssiges Kohlendioxid, gebracht wird. Das Kältemittel wird in einem am Kühlfahrzeug 1 montierten Kältemitteltank 4 gespeichert und über eine Verrohrung 5 zum Wärmetauscher 3 geleitet. Entsprechend dem eingesetzten kryogenen Kältemittel sind Kältemitteltank 4 und/oder Verrohrung 5 druckfest und/oder thermisch gut isoliert ausgeführt. Nach Durchlaufen des Wärmetauschers 3 wird das beim Wärmetausch verdampfende Kältemittel über eine Abgasleitung 6 abgeführt, ohne in das Innere des Lagerbereiches 2 zu gelangen. The refrigerated vehicle 1 according to the invention has, in a manner known per se, a storage area 2 equipped with thermally well-insulated walls for accommodating refrigerated goods, in particular for accommodating refrigerated or frozen products for which the cold chain must be maintained. To make one The cold atmosphere in the storage area 2 is served by a cooling unit, in the exemplary embodiment shown here a heat exchanger 3, at which the atmosphere in the storage area 2 is brought into indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant, for example liquid nitrogen or liquid carbon dioxide, which is guided through the heat exchanger 3. The refrigerant is stored in a refrigerant tank 4 mounted on the refrigerated vehicle 1 and routed to the heat exchanger 3 via piping 5 . Depending on the cryogenic refrigerant used, the refrigerant tank 4 and/or piping 5 are designed to be pressure-resistant and/or thermally well insulated. After passing through the heat exchanger 3 , the refrigerant that evaporates during the heat exchange is discharged via an exhaust pipe 6 without entering the interior of the storage area 2 .
Um eine vorgegebene Temperatur von beispielsweise +2°C, +12°C oder -18°C im Lagerbereich 2 aufrechtzuerhalten, wird die Zufuhr von kryogenem Kältemittel an den Wärmetauscher 3 über ein Regelventil 7 gesteuert, das in Wirkverbindung mit einem im Lagerbereich 2 angeordneten Temperatursensor 8 steht. In order to maintain a predetermined temperature of, for example, +2°C, +12°C or -18°C in the storage area 2, the supply of cryogenic refrigerant to the heat exchanger 3 is controlled via a control valve 7 which is operatively connected to one arranged in the storage area 2 Temperature sensor 8 stands.
Die Befüllung des Kältemitteltanks 4 mit dem Kältemittel erfolgt in der unten näher beschriebenen Weise über einen Anschlussstutzen 9, der durch ein Ventil 10 strömungsdicht geschlossen werden kann. Weiterhin ist die Verrohrung 5 mit einem zusätzlichen Verbindungsanschuss 11 ausgestattet, der mittels eines Ventils 12 geöffnet und geschlossen werden kann. Der Verbindungsanschluss 11 dient in der weiter unten beschriebenen Weise zum Verbinden mit einem ortsfesten Speichertank. Strömungstechnisch zwischen Verbindungsanschluss 11 und Kältemitteltank 4 ist zudem ein Ventil 13 vorgesehen, dass diesen Teil der Verrohrung 5 sperrt oder öffnet. Darüber hinaus sind notwendige Sicherheitsarmaturen, wie insbesondere Sicherheitsventile, vorhanden, hier jedoch aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht gezeigt. The refrigerant tank 4 is filled with the refrigerant in the manner described in more detail below via a connecting piece 9 which can be closed flow-tight by a valve 10 . Furthermore, the piping 5 is equipped with an additional connection port 11 which can be opened and closed by means of a valve 12 . The connection port 11 is used for connection to a stationary storage tank in the manner described below. In terms of flow, a valve 13 is also provided between the connection connection 11 and the refrigerant tank 4 , which blocks or opens this part of the piping 5 . In addition, necessary safety fittings, such as safety valves in particular, are present, but are not shown here for reasons of clarity.
In dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Betriebszustand („Transportzustand“) ist das Kühlfahrzeug 1 mobil und zum Transport und der Auslieferung von zu kühlenden Produkten im Lagerbereich 2 unter Wahrung der Kühlkette bereit. Die Ventile 10, 12 sind geschlossen, das Ventil 13 geöffnet, und der Kältemitteltank 4 ist bis zu Höhe eines Pegels 14 mit einem Kältemittel, hier flüssiger Stickstoff, gefüllt. Über das Regelventil 7 wird der flüssige Stickstoff dosiert zum Wärmetauscher 3 transportiert, verdampft dort im indirekten Wärmetausch mit der Atmosphäre des Lagerbereichs 2 und wird über die Abgasleitung 6 abgeführt. In the operating state ("transport state") shown in FIG. 1, the refrigerated vehicle 1 is mobile and ready for the transport and delivery of products to be refrigerated in the storage area 2 while maintaining the cold chain. The valves 10, 12 are closed, the valve 13 is opened, and the refrigerant tank 4 is filled up to a level 14 with a refrigerant, here liquid nitrogen. About the control valve 7, the liquid nitrogen is transported in metered amounts to the heat exchanger 3, where it evaporates in indirect heat exchange with the atmosphere of the storage area 2 and is discharged via the exhaust pipe 6.
Durch den laufenden Kühlvorgang während des Transports der zu kühlenden Produkte reduziert sich die Menge an im Kältemitteltank 4 bevorratetem Stickstoff. Unterschreitet der Pegel 14 im Kältemitteltank 4 eine gewisse Mindesthöhe, erhält der Fahrer des Kühlfahrzeugs 1 ein entsprechendes Signal zur Betankung des Kältemitteltanks 4. The amount of nitrogen stored in the refrigerant tank 4 is reduced by the ongoing cooling process during the transport of the products to be cooled. If the level 14 in the refrigerant tank 4 falls below a certain minimum level, the driver of the refrigerated vehicle 1 receives a corresponding signal to fill up the refrigerant tank 4.
Die Betankung des Kältemitteltanks 4 erfolgt, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt, an einer öffentlichen oder privaten Füllstation 16 für das kryogene Kältemittel. Im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel umfasst die Füllstation 16 eine Zapfsäule 17 mit Steuer- und Überwachungselementen 18 und weiteren, hier nicht gezeigten Einrichtungen, wie beispielsweise einem Unterkühler. Die Zapfsäule 17 steht über eine Kältemittelleitung 19 mit einem Speichertank 20 für das kryogene Kältemittel in Strömungsverbindung. Weiterhin ist die Zapfsäule 17 mit einer flexiblen, für den Transport des kryogenen Kältemittels im Speichertank 20 geeigneten Füllleitung 21 ausgerüstet, die an einer Füllpistole 22 ausmündet. Die Füllpistole 22 ist dem Anschlussstutzen 9 des Kältemitteltanks 4 angepasst und ermöglicht eine temporäre, gas- und flüssigkeitsdichte Verbindung der Füllleitung 21 mit dem Kältemitteltank 4. As shown in FIG. 2, the refrigerant tank 4 is filled at a public or private filling station 16 for the cryogenic refrigerant. In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the filling station 16 includes a gas pump 17 with control and monitoring elements 18 and other devices not shown here, such as a subcooler. The dispenser 17 is in flow communication via a refrigerant line 19 with a storage tank 20 for the cryogenic refrigerant. Furthermore, the dispenser 17 is equipped with a flexible filling line 21 which is suitable for transporting the cryogenic refrigerant in the storage tank 20 and which opens out at a filling pistol 22 . The filling gun 22 is adapted to the connection piece 9 of the refrigerant tank 4 and enables a temporary, gas-tight and liquid-tight connection of the filling line 21 to the refrigerant tank 4.
Zur Befüllung wird die Füllpistole 22 mit dem Anschlussstutzen 9 verbunden und das Ventil 10 geöffnet. Das Ventil 12 bleibt geschlossen. Anschließend wird kryogenes Kältemittel bis zu einer vorgegebenen Füllhöhe in den Kältemitteltank 4 eingefüllt.For filling, the filling gun 22 is connected to the connecting piece 9 and the valve 10 is opened. The valve 12 remains closed. Cryogenic refrigerant is then filled into the refrigerant tank 4 up to a predetermined fill level.
Der Füllvorgang wird dabei laufend über die Steuer- und Überwachungselemente 18 sowie durch Personal überwacht. Nach Beendigung des Füllvorgangs wird das Ventil 10 geschlossen und die Füllpistole 22 vom Anschlussstutzen 9 getrennt. Das Kühlfahrzeug 1 steht anschließend wieder für den Transport und die Auslieferung von Kühlgut zur Verfügung. The filling process is continuously monitored via the control and monitoring elements 18 and by staff. After completion of the filling process, the valve 10 is closed and the filling gun 22 is disconnected from the connecting piece 9 . The refrigerated vehicle 1 is then available again for the transport and delivery of refrigerated goods.
Kann der Kühlmitteltank 4 des Kühlfahrzeugs 1 in längeren Betriebspausen, beispielsweise während eines Wochenendes, nicht betankt werden, besteht die Gefahr, dass das Kältemittel im Kältemitteltank 4 vollständig verdampft und folglich die Temperatur der Atmosphäre im Lagerbereich 2 ansteigt. Für derartige längere Betriebspausen steht dem erfindungsgemäßen Kühlfahrzeug 1 ein weiterer Betriebszustand zur Verfügung, bei dem die Kühlung des Lagerbereiches 2 direkt aus einem ortsfesten Speichertank 24 für das kryogene Kältemittel erfolgt. If the coolant tank 4 of the refrigerated vehicle 1 cannot be refueled during longer breaks in operation, for example during a weekend, there is a risk that the coolant in the coolant tank 4 will evaporate completely and consequently the temperature of the atmosphere in storage area 2 increases. For such longer breaks in operation, the refrigerated vehicle 1 according to the invention has another operating state available, in which the storage area 2 is cooled directly from a stationary storage tank 24 for the cryogenic refrigerant.
Bei diesem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Betriebszustand („stationäre Kühlung“) steht die Verrohrung 5 über den Verbindungsanschluss 11 mit einem ortsfesten Speichertank 24 in Strömungsverbindung. Die Strömungsverbindung wird über eine bevorzugt flexible, thermisch isolierte und/oder druckfeste Verbindungsleitung 25 hergestellt, die einerseits am Speichertank 25, andererseits am Verbindungsanschluss 11 fest, jedoch lösbar angeschlossen ist. In diesem Betriebszustand ist das Ventil 12 geöffnet und das Ventil 13 geschlossen; der Kältemitteltank 4 ist also strömungstechnisch von der Verrohrung 5 getrennt. Noch im Kältemitteltank 4 vorhandenes Kältemittel wird also nicht mehr zur Kühlung des Lagerbereichs 2 eingesetzt, sondern dient während dieses Betriebszustandes lediglich dazu, den Kältemitteltank 4 auf niedriger Temperatur zu halten. Die Kühlung des Lagerbereichs 2 erfolgt ausschließlich durch Kältemittel aus dem Speichertank 24, der insoweit die Funktion des Kältemitteltanks 4 übernimmt. Die Regelung der Temperatur im Lagerbereich 2 erfolgt weiterhin über das Regelventil 7 und den Temperatursensor 8, wobei in diesem Fall das Regelventil 7 nunmehr den Zufluss von Kältemittel aus dem Speichertank 24 kontrolliert. In this operating state (“stationary cooling”) shown in FIG. The flow connection is established via a preferably flexible, thermally insulated and/or pressure-resistant connecting line 25 which is firmly but detachably connected to the storage tank 25 on the one hand and to the connection port 11 on the other hand. In this operating state, valve 12 is open and valve 13 is closed; the refrigerant tank 4 is therefore fluidically separated from the piping 5 . Refrigerant still present in the refrigerant tank 4 is therefore no longer used to cool the storage area 2, but during this operating state only serves to keep the refrigerant tank 4 at a low temperature. The storage area 2 is cooled exclusively by refrigerant from the storage tank 24 , which in this respect takes over the function of the refrigerant tank 4 . The temperature in the storage area 2 is also regulated via the control valve 7 and the temperature sensor 8 , the control valve 7 now controlling the inflow of refrigerant from the storage tank 24 in this case.
Im Übrigen kann der Speichertank 24 Teil einer Versorgungseinrichtung sein, in der eine Mehrzahl von Kühlfahrzeugen während einer Betriebspause mit Kältemittel aus dem Speichertank 24 versorgt werden können. Zu diesem Zweck geht im hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel von der Verbindungsleitung 25 eine Zweigleitung 26 ab, an der eine Mehrzahl von Verbindungsanschlüssen 27, 27‘, 27“ angeordnet sind, die an eine entsprechende Anzahl von Kühlfahrzeugen zur Versorgung mit kryogenem Kältemittel angeschlossen werden können. Moreover, the storage tank 24 can be part of a supply system in which a plurality of refrigerated vehicles can be supplied with refrigerant from the storage tank 24 during a break in operation. For this purpose, in the exemplary embodiment shown here, a branch line 26 leads from the connecting line 25, on which a plurality of connecting connections 27, 27', 27" are arranged, which can be connected to a corresponding number of refrigerated vehicles for the supply of cryogenic refrigerant.
Vorstellbar ist im Übrigen auch, dass auch der Speichertank 20 einer Füllstation 16 (Fig. 2) für die Versorgung eines oder mehrerer Kühlfahrzeuge 1 während einer stationären Kühlung ausgelegt sein kann. In diesem Falle besitzt der Speichertank 20 (hier nicht gezeigt) zusätzliche Anschlüsse zum Verbinden des Speichertanks 20 mit einer Verrohrung 5 eines Kühlfahrzeugs 1, ähnlich den Anschlüssen 27, 27‘, 27“ des Speichertanks 24. It is also conceivable that the storage tank 20 of a filling station 16 (FIG. 2) can also be designed to supply one or more refrigerated vehicles 1 during stationary cooling. In this case, the storage tank 20 (not shown here) has additional connections for connecting the storage tank 20 with a piping 5 of a refrigerated vehicle 1, similar to the connections 27, 27', 27" of the storage tank 24.
Wenn das Kühlfahrzeug 1 nicht während der gesamten Betriebspause unter ständiger Kontrolle von Aufsichtspersonen steht, sind Vorkehrungen zum Sichern des Kühlfahrzeugs 1 und der strömungstechnischen Verbindung mit dem Speichertank 25 erforderlich, die in jedem Einzelfall situationsbedingt festzulegen sind. Dazu können beispielsweise Bremsklötze 28 gehören, die ein Wegrollen des Kühlfahrzeugs 1 verhindern, oder ein Sicherheitsventil 29, das im Falle eines plötzlichen Druckabfalls in der Verbindungsleitung 25, der auf einen Leitungsbruch schließen lässt, die Entnahme von Kältemittel aus dem Speichertank 24 automatisch unterbindet oder - hier nicht gezeigt - Mittel zum Fernüberwachen, die das Auftreten eines unerwünschten Ereignisses automatisch erkennen und ein Warnsignal an eine zentrale Warte senden. If the refrigerated vehicle 1 is not under the constant supervision of supervisors during the entire operating break, precautions are required to secure the refrigerated vehicle 1 and the fluidic connection to the storage tank 25, which must be determined in each individual case depending on the situation. These can include, for example, brake pads 28, which prevent the refrigerated vehicle 1 from rolling away, or a safety valve 29, which automatically prevents the removal of refrigerant from the storage tank 24 in the event of a sudden drop in pressure in the connecting line 25, which indicates a line rupture, or - not shown here - means for remote monitoring which automatically detect the occurrence of an undesired event and send a warning signal to a central control room.
Nach Beendigung der stationären Kühlung wird das Ventil 12 geschlossen und die Verbindungsleitung 25 vom Verbindungsanschluss 11 gelöst. Das Ventil 13 wird geöffnet und der Lagerbereich 2 wird wieder durch das noch im Kältemitteltank 4 vorhandene Kältemittel gekühlt. Das Kühlfahrzeug 1 ist - ggf. nach einer Betankung des Kältemitteltanks 4 - sofort einsatzbereit. After the stationary cooling has ended, the valve 12 is closed and the connecting line 25 is detached from the connecting port 11 . The valve 13 is opened and the storage area 2 is cooled again by the refrigerant still present in the refrigerant tank 4 . The refrigerated vehicle 1 is ready for immediate use, possibly after the refrigerant tank 4 has been filled up.
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Kühlfahrzeug 1 kann die Kühlkette für im Lagerbereich 2 befindliche Frische- oder Tiefkühlprodukte auch bei längeren Betriebspausen von mehreren Tagen Dauer aufrechterhalten werden, ohne dass dazu die Produkte aus dem Kühlfahrzeug 1 umgelagert werden müssen. With the refrigerated vehicle 1 according to the invention, the cold chain for fresh or frozen products located in the storage area 2 can be maintained even during longer breaks in operation lasting several days without the products having to be relocated from the refrigerated vehicle 1 .
Bezuqszeichenliste Reference character list
1 Kühlfahrzeug 1 refrigerated vehicle
2 Lagerbereich 2 storage area
3 Wärmetauscher 3 heat exchangers
4 Kältemitteltank 4 refrigerant tank
5 Verrohrung 5 piping
6 Abgasleitung 6 exhaust pipe
7 Regelventil 7 control valve
8 Temperatursensor 8 temperature sensor
9 Anschlussstutzen 9 connecting pieces
10 Ventil 10 valve
11 Verbindungsanschluss 11 connection port
12 Ventil 12 valve
13 Ventil 13 valve
14 Pegel 14 levels
15 15
16 Füllstation 16 filling station
17 Zapfsäule 17 gas pump
18 Steuer- und Überwachungselemente18 Control and Monitoring Elements
19 Kältemittelleitung 19 refrigerant line
20 Speichertank 20 storage tank
21 Füllleitung 21 Fill line
22 Füllpistole 22 filling gun
23 23
24 Speichertank 24 storage tank
25 Verbindungsleitung 25 connection line
26 Zweigleitung 26 branch line
27, 27‘, 27“ Verbindungsanschluss 27, 27', 27" connection port
28, 28' Bremsklotz 28, 28' brake pad
29 Sicherheitsventil 29 safety valve

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kühlfahrzeugs, das mit einem Lagerbereich (2) zum Transportieren zu kühlender Produkte ausgerüstet ist, in dem durch direkten oder indirekten Wärmekontakt mit einem kryogenen Kältemittel eine vorgegebene Kühltemperatur aufrechterhalten wird, wobei in einem ersten Betriebszustand des Kühlfahrzeugs (1) das Kältemittel zur Kühlung des Lagerbereiches (2) einem am Kühlfahrzeug (1) angeordneten Kältemitteltank (4) entnommen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem zweiten Betriebszustand des Kühlfahrzeugs (1) das Kältemittel zur Kühlung des Lagerbereichs (2) einem stationären Speichertank (24) unter Umgehung des Kältemitteltanks (4) entnommen wird. 1. A method for operating a refrigerated vehicle that is equipped with a storage area (2) for transporting products to be cooled, in which a predetermined cooling temperature is maintained by direct or indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant, wherein in a first operating state of the refrigerated vehicle (1) the coolant for cooling the storage area (2) is taken from a coolant tank (4) arranged on the refrigerated vehicle (1), characterized in that in a second operating state of the refrigerated vehicle (1) the coolant for cooling the storage area (2) is taken from a stationary storage tank (24 ) bypassing the refrigerant tank (4).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entnahme von kryogenem Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank (4) im ersten Betriebszustand und/oder dem stationären Speichertank (24) im zweiten Betriebszustand in Abhängigkeit von einer Kühltemperatur im Lagerbereich (2) geregelt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the withdrawal of cryogenic refrigerant from the refrigerant tank (4) in the first operating state and / or the stationary storage tank (24) in the second operating state depending on a cooling temperature in the storage area (2) is regulated.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als kryogenes Kältemittel flüssiger Stickstoff oder druckverflüssigtes Kohlendioxid zum Einsatz kommt. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that liquid nitrogen or pressure-liquefied carbon dioxide is used as the cryogenic refrigerant.
4. Kühlfahrzeug, mit einem zur Aufnahme von zu kühlenden Produkten bestimmten Lagerbereich (2), einem im Lagerbereich (2) angeordneten Kühlaggregat (3) zum Kühlen der Atmosphäre im Lagerbereich (2) durch direkten oder indirekten thermischen Kontakt mit einem kryogenen Kältemittel, mit einem mit dem Kühlaggregat (3) über eine Verrohrung (5) strömungsverbundenen Kältemitteltank (4) zum Speichern des kryogenen Kältemittels, der einen Anschlusssstutzen (9) zum Anschließen einer Füllpistole (22) einer Füllstation (16) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verrohrung (5), zusätzlich zur Verbindung mit dem Kältemitteltank (4), mit einem Verbindungsanschluss (11 ) zum Verbinden mit einem Speichertank (24) zum Speichern von kryogenem Kältemittel ausgerüstet ist. 4. Refrigerated vehicle, with a storage area (2) intended for receiving products to be cooled, a cooling unit (3) arranged in the storage area (2) for cooling the atmosphere in the storage area (2) by direct or indirect thermal contact with a cryogenic refrigerant a refrigerant tank (4) which is flow-connected to the cooling unit (3) via piping (5) for storing the cryogenic refrigerant and which has a connecting piece (9) for connecting a filling gun (22) of a filling station (16), characterized in that that the piping (5), in addition to being connected to the refrigerant tank (4), is equipped with a connection port (11) for connection to a storage tank (24) for storing cryogenic refrigerant.
5. Kühlfahrzeug nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass strömungstechnisch zwischen Verbindungsanschluss (11) und Kältemitteltank (4) Mittel zum Abkoppeln des Kältemitteltanks (4) von der Verrohrung (5) vorgesehen sind. 5. Refrigerated vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that fluidically between the connection port (11) and refrigerant tank (4) means for decoupling the refrigerant tank (4) from the piping (5) are provided.
6. Kühlfahrzeug nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, gekennzeichnet durch eine Regeleinrichtung (7, 8) zum Regeln der Entnahme von Kältemittel aus dem Kältemitteltank (4) und/oder dem Speichertank (24) in Abhängigkeit von einer vorgegebenen Kühltemperatur im Lagerbereich (2). 6. Refrigerated vehicle according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by a control device (7, 8) for controlling the removal of refrigerant from the refrigerant tank (4) and / or the storage tank (24) depending on a predetermined cooling temperature in the storage area (2).
7. Kühlfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kühlfahrzeug (1) ein Straßenfahrzeug zum Einsatz kommt. 7. Refrigerated vehicle according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that a road vehicle is used as the refrigerated vehicle (1).
EP22736256.3A 2021-06-25 2022-06-24 Method for operating a refrigerated vehicle, and refrigerated vehicle Pending EP4359237A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102021003305.1A DE102021003305A1 (en) 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 Method of operating a refrigerated vehicle and refrigerated vehicle
PCT/EP2022/067459 WO2022269090A1 (en) 2021-06-25 2022-06-24 Method for operating a refrigerated vehicle, and refrigerated vehicle

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EP (1) EP4359237A1 (en)
CN (1) CN117480061A (en)
CA (1) CA3223509A1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2022269090A1 (en)

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GB9302928D0 (en) 1993-02-13 1993-03-31 Air Prod & Chem Refrigeration system
EP1659355A3 (en) 2004-11-17 2008-02-13 Air Liquide Deutschland GmbH Cooling process and cooling apparatus for refrigerated vehicles
EP2384916A1 (en) 2010-05-04 2011-11-09 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Transport cooling system
DE102010020476B4 (en) 2010-05-14 2023-05-04 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Use of a device for storing, decanting and/or transporting cryogenic liquefied combustible gas in a vehicle
DE102012018461A1 (en) 2012-09-19 2014-03-20 Messer France S.A.S Method for filling a refrigerant tank of a refrigerated vehicle and refrigerated vehicle
GB2542604A (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-29 Linde Ag Refrigeration apparatus
GB2542603A (en) * 2015-09-25 2017-03-29 Linde Ag Refrigeration apparatus
DE102017008210B4 (en) 2017-08-31 2020-01-16 Messer France S.A.S. Device and method for filling a mobile refrigerant tank with a cryogenic refrigerant

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CN117480061A (en) 2024-01-30
WO2022269090A1 (en) 2022-12-29
DE102021003305A1 (en) 2022-12-29

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