EP4359221A1

EP4359221A1 - Optically variable security element, and value document containing the optically variable security element

Info

Publication number: EP4359221A1
Application number: EP22731061.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Moritz HÖFER; Christian Stöckl; Matthias BLAZEK; Christian Fuhse; Michael Rahm
Original assignee: Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Current assignee: Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Priority date: 2021-06-21
Filing date: 2022-05-24
Publication date: 2024-05-01
Also published as: DE102021003185A1; CN117460626A; CA3223481A1; WO2022268357A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an optically variable security element having a motif region. A plurality of differently oriented first facets and a plurality of differently oriented second facets are arranged in the motif region. Each of the first and second facets defines a normal vector having a first orientation component and a second orientation component. The optically variable security element defines an x-y plane. The first facets comprise first sub-wavelength structures. The second facets comprise second sub-wavelength structures. The first sub-wavelength structures are different from the first sub-wavelength structures. In the motif region at least one motif is visible to an observer in a depiction and with a colour impression. The depiction of the at least one motif changes for the observer as the optically variable security element is tilted about a first axis. The colour impression of the at least one motif changes for the observer as the optically variable security element is tilted about a second axis. The second axis is not parallel to the first axis. The colour impression of the at least one motif is determined by the first orientation components. The depiction of the at least one motif is determined by the second orientation components. The first orientation components of the first facets and of the second facets are different from one another.

Description

OPTICALLY VARIABLE SECURITY ELEMENT AND VALUABLE DOCUMENT WITH

THE OPTICALLY VARIABLE SECURITY ELEMENT

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to an optically variable security element. Furthermore, the invention relates to a document of value with the optically variable security element.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND

Optically variable security elements, for example on banknotes, are known from the prior art. In this case, a viewer has different visual impressions depending on the viewing angle. The different viewing angles can be achieved by tilting the optically variable element or a document of value with the optically variable element about an axis, while the viewing direction of the viewer and the direction of illumination of the optically variable element remain unchanged.

DE 10 2014 014 079 A1 relates to an optically variable security element. The security element comprises a reflective surface area with a multiplicity of reflective pixels, each of which has facets oriented in the same way. The reflective area defines an x-y plane. At least 80% of the facets have a normal vector that lies in a y-z plane. Some of the facets are provided with a diffractive grating pattern, with the grating vectors of the grating pattern lying parallel to the x-axis. A kinematic effect is produced when the security element is tilted about the x-axis, and a chromatic effect is produced when the security element is tilted about the y-axis. The chromatic effect involves a continuous change in color.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention is based on the object of providing an optically variable security element which enables improved security against forgery and whose authenticity can be easily checked by an observer. A further object of the invention is to provide an optically variable security element that can be produced relatively easily and inexpensively. The object is achieved by the features described in the independent patent claims. Advantageous configurations are specified in the dependent claims.

An optically variable security element comprises a motif area. A multiplicity of differently aligned first facets and a multiplicity of differently aligned second facets are arranged in the motif area. Each of the first and second facets defines a normal vector having a first orientation component and a second orientation component. The optically variable security element defines an x-y plane. The first facets include first sub-wavelength structures. The second facets include second sub-wavelength structures. The first sub-wavelength structures are different from the first sub-wavelength structures. In the motif area, a viewer can see at least one motif in a representation and with a color impression. The representation of the at least one motif changes for the viewer when the optically variable security element is tilted about a first axis. The color impression of the at least one motif changes for the viewer when the optically variable security element is tilted about a second axis. The second axis is not parallel to the first axis. The color impression of the at least one motif is determined by the first orientation components. The representation of the at least one motif is determined by the second orientation components. The first orientation components of the first facets and the second facets are different from each other.

An angle between the first axis and the second axis is preferably at least 45°, more preferably at least 80°, more preferably between 80° and 90°. The first axis and the second axis are particularly preferably perpendicular to one another.

The first sub-wavelength structures can each produce a first color and the second sub-wavelength structures can each produce a second color. The first sub-wavelength structures are arranged on the first facets and the second sub-wavelength structures are arranged on the second facets. The first and second facets are tilted differently in the direction of the x-axis compared to the xy-plane. As a result, at a first viewing angle, first facets with first sub-wavelength structures can be visibly aligned with the observer, and at a second viewing angle, second facets with second sub-wavelength structures can be visibly aligned with the observer. In this way, different color impressions can be generated for the viewer depending on the viewing angle. The change in the color impression of the motif can be non-continuous or non-analog. The change in the color impression of the motif can be gradual or digital.

The subject in the subject area may or may not be a contiguous area that is brightly visible to the viewer. The light area may be visible to the viewer in one color, such as red, green, or yellow, in a gradient, or in a color pattern.

A brightly visible area shows a higher relative reflected light intensity under the given viewing angle with non-diffuse illumination, such as from the sun or a point light source, than a darkly visible, i.e. not brightly visible, section.

The relative reflected light intensity is a ratio of reflected light intensity to incident light intensity. When light from a light source is fully reflected, the relative reflected light intensity is 100%.

In a brightly visible area, the relative reflected light intensity can be at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, more preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 40%, more preferably at least 50% greater than the relative reflected light intensity in a dark visible area. The percentages can be percentage points.

Preferably, the reflectance of facets in a bright visible region is substantially equal to the reflectance of facets in a dark visible region.

The representation of the subject may be determined, at least in part, by the subject's shape, size, and/or location. The depiction of the motif can be independent of the color of the motif. For example, a red square visible to the viewer and a green (geometrically identical) square visible to the viewer can be the same representation of the motif, since preferably colors have no influence on the representation of the motif.

The representation of the motif can be determined at least in part by a sub-motif of the motif. For example, a circle can be visible as a sub-motif in a rectangular motif. For example, if the diameter of the circle changes while the rectangular motif does not, the representation of the motif changes. The color impression of the motif can be the impression of the color or the color scheme of the motif that is conveyed to a viewer. A color design can be caused by several areas of different colors. The impression of the color or the color design of the motif can be perceived by an average person (viewer). The color impression depends on the viewing angle of the viewer.

The color impression of the motif (depending on the viewing angle) can be determined by the sub-wavelength structures and the arrangement of facets with the sub-wavelength structures.

In general, a color impression is caused by electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 380 nm and 780 nm. This range of electromagnetic radiation can be perceived by the human eye and is referred to as (visible) light.

Tilting the security element about the first axis changes the representation of the motif. For example, a kinematic effect can be seen by the viewer by tilting the security element about the first axis. In the case of the kinematic effect, a continuously acting movement can be visible to the viewer in at least a section of the subject area. In the case of the kinematic effect, a change in the position, the size and/or the shape of the motif can be visible to the viewer depending on the viewing angle.

The change in representation can be visible to the viewer over at least 50% of the area of the motif area, preferably over at least 70% of the area of the motif area, more preferably over at least 90% of the area of the motif area, more preferably over the entire area of the motif area.

Depending on the axis of tilting of the security element, the viewer can therefore recognize a change in the representation of the motif or a change in the color impression of the motif. In a preferred embodiment, the viewer can recognize a change in the representation of the motif and a change in the color impression of the motif when the security element is tilted about an axis. This is particularly memorable for the viewer, so that he can easily check the authenticity of the security element. The representation of the at least one motif can include a size, a position and/or a shape of the at least one motif or be determined by a size, a position and/or a shape of the at least one motif. A change in the representation of the at least one motif can be visible to the viewer as a result of a change in the size, the position and/or the shape of the at least one motif.

In general, security elements can be applied to an object in order to enable the authenticity of the object to be checked. Such an object can be, for example, a check, a bank card, a document, a deed, an identity card, a piece of clothing (a label on a piece of clothing), a document of value or a banknote.

The security element can give an observer (a person) an optical impression without any aids, so that the observer can visually perceive the authenticity of the object provided with the security element without any aids. An optical security element is particularly suitable for simple or everyday authenticity checks by a human. The optical impression can be perceived in a wavelength range from 400 nm to 780 nm.

With an optically variable security element, the viewer who wants to carry out an authenticity check has different optical impressions depending on the viewing angle, the viewing direction, the side of the security element or the type of viewing (top view or see through). The security element can thus convey a first visual impression from a first viewing angle and a second visual impression from a second viewing angle, the first visual impression and the second visual impression being different.

The security element can be applied to the object to be secured, for example a banknote or a precursor of a banknote, for example as a patch (patch) or strip. The security element can be configured flat. The area of the security element can be a maximum of 5000 mm ² , preferably a maximum of 2500 mm ² , more preferably a maximum of 1500 mm ² , more preferably a maximum of 1000 mm ² .

The security element can have a length that is at least five times, preferably at least ten times, greater than its width. The security element can have a width of at least 1 mm. The security element can be provided as a thread, as a strip or as a patch.

A security paper can be a precursor to a document of value. A security paper can be paper that has not yet been fully printed. A security paper can comprise at least one security element, at least one window and/or at least one security feature.

The security element can be applied to a document of value or security paper. The security element can extend from one side of the value document or security paper to another side of the value document or security paper. The sides can be opposite sides. The security element can have a length that is the same as the width or height of the document of value or the security paper.

The security element can be introduced at least partially into the document of value or into the security paper. The security element can be introduced into the document of value or the security paper in such a way that sections of the security element are visible to an observer and sections of the security element are not visible to the observer. The security element can be introduced into the document of value or the security paper in such a way that sections of the security element are covered by the document of value or the security paper and sections of the security element are not covered by the document of value or the security paper.

A sub-wavelength structure can generally be a structure whose dimensions or period is smaller than the wavelength of the light, in particular less than or equal to about 400 nm. Additionally or alternatively, the dimensions or the period are at least 50 nm, more preferably at least 100 nm. The sub-wave structures have a color effect, ie light impinging on the sub-wavelength structure is changed by the sub-wavelength structure. For example, the sub-wavelength structure shows a color-filtering property. The sub-wavelength structure can be a reflective or transmissive structure. In reflection and/or transmission, the security element can provide the change in the color impression when the security element is tilted about the second axis. The first sub-wavelength structures can be configured to generate a first color. The second sub-wavelength structures can be configured to generate a second color. The first color and the second color may differ.

More than two different sub-wavelength structures can be arranged on different facets in the motif area. Each of the sub-wavelength structures can be configured to produce a different color.

The color effect of the sub-wavelength structures can be essentially independent of a tilting of the optically variable security element about the first axis and/or about the second axis. The color effect of the sub-wavelength structures can essentially not change or can remain essentially the same when the security element is tilted about the first axis or about the second axis. The color effect of the sub-wavelength structures can essentially be tilt-invariant. This essentially can allow a deviation of ± 10% or ± 5%. A sub-wavelength structure that is tilt-invariant in terms of the color effect can be used in particular on facets with any angle of inclination/first (or second) orientation component, since it always produces the same color effect.

In addition, the sub-wavelength structure can preferably be designed in such a way that its color effect is rotationally invariant. In the case of a theoretical rotation around a plane of the sub-wavelength structure, for example around a plane of the facet with a sub-wavelength structure, or if the sub-wavelength structure were arranged parallel to the plane of the security element around the plane of the security element, the color effect does not change. A subwavelength structure that is rotationally invariant in terms of the color effect can thus be used on facets with any azimuth angle/second (or first) orientation component, since it always produces the same color effect. The sub-wavelength structure is particularly preferably tilt and rotation invariant, ie it can be used on facets with any orientation (tilt and/or azimuth angle or first and/or second orientation component).

The facets include the sub-wavelength structures. Each of the facets may include a sub-wavelength structure. In each case one of the sub-wavelength structures can be arranged on in each case one of the facets. Each of the facets can include more than one same sub-wavelength structure. At least some of the facets can comprise at least two sub-wavelength structures of different types. Different types of sub-wavelength structures can have a different color effect. The sub-wavelength structures can be periodic structures. The sub-wavelength structures can be formed periodically or arranged periodically. The period can be between 100 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 200 nm and 400 nm. Different sub-wavelength structures can differ by different periods. Different periods of the sub-wavelength structures can bring about different color effects.

The sub-wavelength structures can have a height or depth between 50 nm and 400 nm, preferably between 100 nm and 300 nm. The depth can be next to a ridge or between two ridges. The height and/or the depth can be understood as an extension in the direction of the normal vector of the facet. Different heights and/or depths of the sub-wavelength structures can bring about different color effects.

The sub-wavelength structures can be one-dimensional gratings. The one-dimensional gratings can have a polarizing effect. One-dimensional lattices can have essentially parallel lattice bars. Recesses can be present between the grid bars. The one-dimensional grating can have a grating period between 100 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 200 nm and 400 nm. The period can be a distance between adjacent grating bars.

The sub-wavelength structures can be two-dimensional gratings. Two-dimensional lattices can have essentially parallel first lattice bars and essentially parallel second lattice bars. The first lattice bars can be non-parallel, in particular perpendicular, to the second lattice bars. The two-dimensional lattice has recesses between the lattice bars. The recesses can have a rectangular, square, hexagonal or parallelogram shape, in particular parallel to the x-y plane. At least one of the grating periods of the two-dimensional grating, preferably two grating periods of the two-dimensional grating, can be between 100 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 200 nm and 400 nm.

The sub-wavelength structures can be wavy, in particular sinusoidal, sawtooth-shaped, rectangular or z-shaped in a cross section. The sub-wavelength structures can have high-lying and low-lying sections in a cross section, in particular alternating high-lying and low-lying sections. The high and/or low sections may be flat. the Subwavelength structures can have concave and/or convex sections in a cross section, in particular alternating concave and convex sections. The concave and/or convex sections can be curved or arched at least in sections. The cross section can be oriented perpendicular to the xy plane.

The sub-wavelength structures can comprise or be an arrangement of nanoholes. The sub-wavelength structures may include or be an array of nanodots. The arrangement can be periodic or aperiodic. Different heights and/or depths of the nanodots or nanoholes can bring about different color effects.

The sub-wavelength structures can be irregularly arranged structures. The sub-wavelength structures are preferably randomly distributed or quasi-periodically arranged structures.

The structures can be characterized by the shape of the outline, the depth and/or the shape of the profile.

The sub-wavelength structures can be concavo-convex structures, in particular in a cross section perpendicular to the x-y plane of the security element. The concave-convex structures can be irregularly distributed. The concavo-convex structures can have flat sections.

The sub-wavelength structures can be formed in an embossed layer. The embossed layer can be a foil, preferably a thermoplastic foil. The embossed layer can be a radiation-curable or radiation-uncured lacquer, in particular a UV-radiation-curable or UV-radiation-uncured lacquer.

The sub-wavelength structures may include a metal layer. The sub-wavelength structures can comprise an Al, Ag, Cr, Cu or Fe layer. The sub-wavelength structures may comprise a layer of Al, Ag, Cr, Cu or Fe alloy. The sub-wavelength structures can be metallized with the metal layer.

The sub-wavelength structures may include an HRI (HRF high refractive index) layer. The HRI layer can have a refractive index of at least 1.6, preferably at least 1.8 or particularly preferably more than 2.0. The HRI layer may be a ZnS layer or may include ZnS. The sub-wavelength structures may comprise a multi-layer. The multi-layered layer can comprise an absorber layer, a dielectric layer and a reflective layer, preferably in this order. The multilayer can comprise an absorber layer, a dielectric layer and an absorber layer, particularly in this order.

The sub-wavelength structures can be embedded in one layer. The sub-wavelength structures are preferably embedded in a lacquer layer.

The sub-wavelength structures may comprise a continuous layer. The continuous layer may include high and low portions, particularly in a cross-section perpendicular to the x-y plane. The high and low sections may comprise one layer.

The sub-wavelength structures may comprise a non-continuous or discontinuous layer. The discontinuous or discontinuous layer may be continuous when viewed perpendicular to the x-y plane. The discontinuous or discontinuous layer may include sections spaced in a direction perpendicular to the x-y plane. The sections may be contiguous or superimposed in a direction parallel to the x-y plane.

At least some of the first and second facets, preferably a large part of the first and second facets, of the security element can be tilted in relation to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis. All of the first and second facets of the security element can be tilted with respect to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis. An angle between -60 ° and 60 ° (preferably excluding 0 °), preferably between -45 ° and 45° (preferably excluding 0°). The angle can be formed in the direction of the first axis between the respective first and second facets, which are tilted relative to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis, and the x-y plane.

The angle of a facet that is parallel to the xy plane is 0°. A facet with a positive angle (e.g. between 1° and 89°) can be tilted in the positive direction with respect to the xy plane. The normal vector of a facet with a positive angle may have a positive first orientation component. A facet with a negative angle (e.g. between -89° and -1°) can be in negative Be tilted direction relative to the xy plane. The normal vector of a facet with a negative angle may have a negative first orientation component.

The first facets can be tilted differently from the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis than the second facets. In particular, the first facets can be tilted within a first angular range relative to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis. The second facets can be tilted within a second angular range relative to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis. The first angular range and the second angular range can be different; the first angular range and the second angular range preferably do not overlap.

The first angular range and/or the second angular range can include a range of at least 1°, preferably at least 3°, more preferably at least 5°, more preferably at least 10°, more preferably at least 20°. For example, the first facets can be tilted between -15° and 0° from the x-y plane towards the first axis and the second facets can be tilted between 0° and 15° from the x-y plane towards the first axis.

At least some of the first and second facets, preferably a large part of the first and second facets, of the security element can be tilted in at least two directions relative to the x-y plane. All of the first and second facets of the security element can be tilted in at least two directions with respect to the x-y plane. The first direction is preferably oriented in the direction of the first axis. In particular, the second direction is oriented in the direction of the second axis.

The color impression of the at least one motif can remain the same for the viewer when the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis.

In particular, the color impression of the at least one motif for the viewer remains the same when the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis within a tilting angle range.

The tilt angle range can be a range of at most 90°, preferably at most 80°, more preferably at most 70°, more preferably at most 60°, more preferably at most 50°, more preferably at most 40°, more preferably at most 30°, more preferably at most 20°, more preferably at most 10°, include. When the security element is tilted about the second axis, a color flip effect (color jump effect) in the motif area can be visible to the viewer. A sudden or discontinuous transition from one color impression to another color impression can be referred to as a color flip effect or color jump effect.

In the case of a color flip effect, when the security element is tilted about the second axis in a first viewing angle range, the viewer can get a substantially identical color impression of at least one section of the motif area. In the case of a color flip effect, a visual impression of at least one section of the motif area for the viewer cannot change substantially when the security element is tilted about the second axis in a first viewing angle range.

When the security element is tilted beyond a limit viewing angle, the color impression in the section of the motif area can change, in particular change abruptly or discontinuously.

The changed color impression in the section of the motif area can remain the same or be visible to the viewer in the event of a further tilting of the security element about the second axis in a second viewing angle range.

The limiting viewing angle can be between the first viewing angle range and the second viewing angle range.

In a viewing angle range of 180°, the viewer can preferably see at most 20, more preferably at most 15, more preferably at most 10, more preferably at most 5, more preferably at most 2, changes in the color impression of at least one section of the subject area.

In a viewing angle range of 180°, at least 2, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 15, more preferably at least 20 changes in the color impression of at least one section of the motif area can be visible.

The representation of the at least one motif can remain the same or not change for the viewer when the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis, preferably when the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis within a first viewing angle range. Alternatively or In addition, the color impression of the at least one motif for the viewer can remain the same or not change when the optically variable security element is tilted about the first axis, preferably when the optically variable security element is tilted about the first axis within a second viewing angle range.

For the viewer, the representation of the at least one motif can be independent of a tilting of the security element about the second axis. Alternatively or additionally, the color impression of the at least one motif for the viewer can be independent of a tilting of the security element about the first axis.

When the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis within a first viewing angle range, the color impression of the at least one motif can change. If the optically variable security element is tilted within the first viewing angle range, the representation of the at least one motif can remain essentially the same.

Alternatively or additionally, when the optically variable security element is tilted about the first axis within a second viewing angle range, the representation of the at least one motif can change. When the optically variable security element is tilted about the first axis within the second viewing angle range, the color impression of the at least one motif can be essentially constant.

The first and second facets may be nested or non-nested.

If the first and second facets are nested in one another in a section, neither the visual impression caused exclusively by the first facets nor exclusively the optical impression caused by the second facets can be visible to the viewer in the section. In this case, at least some of the first and second facets may be directly adjacent to each other.

If the first and second facets in a section are not nested in one another, either (exclusively) first or (exclusively) second facets can be arranged in the section. In this case, the optical impression of the section can be evoked either by the first facets or by the second facets for the viewer. The section can be a section that can be resolved by the viewer (without tools), in particular a pixel.

The first and second facets may be arranged in the subject area such that at least a portion of the at least one subject is visible to the viewer in one color. The color can be a color caused by a sub-wavelength structure.

The section can have a dimension of at least 300 gm, in particular at least 500 gm. A dimension can be a width or a length of the section. The dimension can be oriented parallel to the xy plane. The section preferably has an area of at least 0.09 mm ² , preferably at least 0.25 mm ² .

A transition of the color impression or the color can be abrupt, erratic and/or discontinuous between the section and a section (directly) adjoining it.

At least a portion of the at least one motif may be visible in a first color from a first viewing angle. The portion of the at least one motif may be visible in a second color from a second viewing angle.

The section may have an area of at least 0.09 mm ² . Preferably, the section has an area of at least 0.25 mm ² , more preferably at least 1 mm ² , more preferably at least 4 mm ² , more preferably at least 9 mm ² , more preferably at least 16 mm ² , more preferably at least 25 mm ² .

The first color can be caused by first facets with first sub-wavelength structures. The second color can be caused by second facets with second sub-wavelength structures.

A transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be carried out by tilting the security element about the second axis.

The at least one motif is preferably completely visible to the viewer in the first color at the first viewing angle. The at least one motif can be fully visible in the second color by the viewer at the second viewing angle. In at least one section of the at least one motif, a first color gradient can be visible to the viewer from a first viewing angle. A second color gradient can be visible in the section of the at least one motif from a second viewing angle. The first gradient and the second gradient may be different gradients.

With a gradient, individual sections with a same color cannot be resolved or distinguished by a viewer. In a gradient, there may be sections of a same color, where the dimension of the sections is of a size that is not resolvable by a viewer or distinguishable from another section.

Each of the gradients may be apparent to the viewer as a continuous (not discontinuous) transition of colors.

The at least one motif can include at least a first partial area and at least a second partial area. The first partial area can be visible to the viewer from a first viewing angle in a first color impression. The second partial area can be visible to the viewer from the first viewing angle in a second color impression. The first partial area can be visible to the viewer from a second viewing angle in the second color impression. The second partial area can be visible to the viewer from the second viewing angle in the first color impression. The first color impression can be a first color and/or the second color impression can be a second color.

The first partial area of the at least one motif can be visible to the viewer in a first color impression from the first viewing angle. The second partial area of the at least one motif can be visible to the viewer in a second color impression from the first viewing angle. At the second viewing angle, the first partial area can be visible to the viewer in a third color impression. The second partial area can be visible in a fourth color impression from the second viewing angle. The first, second, third and fourth color impression can be different color impressions. The first, second, third and/or fourth color impression can each be a color. A transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be carried out by tilting the security element about the second axis.

Each of the partial areas can have an area of at least 0.09 mm ² . Each of the partial areas preferably has an area of at least 0.25 mm ² , more preferably at least 1 mm ² , more preferably at least 4 mm ² , more preferably at least 9 mm ² , more preferably at least 16 mm ² , more preferably at least 25 mm ² on.

At least one sub-motif can be visible to the viewer in the at least one motif. The sub-motif can change for the viewer when the optically variable security element is tilted about the first axis. When the optically variable security element is tilted about the first axis, the size, the shape and/or the position of the at least one submotif preferably changes for the viewer. When a sub-motif changes, the representation of the at least one motif changes for the viewer.

The sub-motif can have a motif form that is visible to the viewer. The motif shape is, for example, a circle, a square, an apple, a flower, a face or a number. The motif shape can be in the form of a geometric figure. In particular, the motif shape is a circle or a polygon. The polygon can be a triangle, a square, in particular a rectangle, a rhombus or a square, or a hexagon.

When the optically variable security element is tilted about the first axis, a movement effect of the sub-motif can be visible to the viewer. The motion effect can be a change in size, e.g., a pumping effect, a change in the position of the sub-subject in the subject area, and/or a change in the shape of the sub-subject.

In the case of a pump effect, tilting of the optically variable security element about the first axis allows the viewer to see the sub-motif alternately larger and smaller.

The size of the submotif preferably increases when the security element is tilted in a first direction about the first axis, and the size of the submotif decreases when the security element is tilted in a second direction. The first direction can be opposite to the second direction. When the security element is tilted in one direction, the size of the submotif can alternately decrease and increase or increase and decrease.

At least two, preferably at least, more preferably at least four, sub-motifs can be visible to the viewer in the motif. A movement effect can be visible to the viewer when the security element is tilted about the first axis for each of the sub-motifs. This can be the same for some of the submotives, in particular for all submotives. I.e. some of the sub-motives or all sub-motives show the same movement effect when the security element is tilted about the first axis.

The color impression and the representation of the at least one motif can change for the viewer when the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis. If the security element tilts about the first axis, the color impression of the motif cannot change or the color impression of the motif can remain the same.

At least one first sub-motif is preferably visible to the viewer in the at least one motif. When the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis, the color impression of the sub-motif and/or the shape of the sub-motif can change for the viewer. The sub-motif can be any sub-motif disclosed herein. The color impression can be a color.

At the first viewing angle, the at least one sub-subject may be different from the at least one sub-subject at the third viewing angle. The size, position and/or shape of the sub-subject may differ between the first viewing angle and the second viewing angle.

At least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, motifs can be visible to the viewer in the motif area. Each of the motifs can be the same. At least some of the motifs, preferably all of the motifs, can be different.

The at least one motif can include at least a first partial area. The first partial area can be visible to the viewer in a first color impression. The at least one motif can include at least a second partial area. The second Partial area can be visible to the viewer in a second color impression. When the optically variable security element is tilted about the second axis, a change in the first partial area and/or the second partial area can be visible to the viewer. The second section is optional. The first color impression can be a first color and/or the second color impression can be a second color.

The change can be a change in size, shape and/or position of the first portion. Alternatively or additionally, the change can be a change in the size, shape and/or position of the second partial area.

When the security element tilts about the second axis, the position of the first partial area changes relative to the second partial area. When the security element tilts about the second axis, the viewer can perceive a movement of the first partial area relative to the second partial area. The color impression of the first sub-area and/or the second sub-area cannot change during movement.

The first portion may be visible to the viewer within a first tilt angle range at a first position. Within a second tilt angle range, the first partial area can be visible to the viewer at a second position. Within a third tilt angle range, the first portion may be visible to the viewer at a third position. At least three, preferably at least five, more preferably at least ten, more preferably at least 15, more preferably at least 20 tilt angle ranges can be provided. The position of the first partial area cannot change for the viewer within a respective tilting angle area. The position of the first partial area for the viewer can change between different tilt angle areas.

The facets can be specularly reflective facets. The facets are preferably non-diffractive facets.

The facets can be surfaces of microreflectors. Each surface of a microreflector can be a facet. The microreflectors can be micromirrors. Preferably, the micro-reflectors are micro-mirrors each having an inclined facet.

The microreflectors, in particular the micromirrors, can be designed as described in DE 102005 061 749 A1. The microreflectors, in particular the micromirrors, can be produced or manufactured as described in DE 102005 061 749 A1. The security element can comprise an arrangement of facets, in particular of microreflectors with the facets. The arrangement of facets can comprise a relief structure with a reflection-enhancing coating. The arrangement of facets can comprise a relief structure with a metal coating. The array of facets may include an embossed embossing lacquer layer.

A dimension of each of the facets, in particular a maximum width of each of the facets, may be between 2 pm and 300 pm, preferably between 3 pm and 100 pm, more preferably between 5 pm and 50 pm.

The facets are tilted or tilted (tilted) with respect to a plane (x-y plane) defined by the security element. This allows light from a light source to be reflected to a point by different degrees from different facets that are tilted differently from the plane. By appropriately choosing the tilt of different facets, a subject can be visible to a viewer through a reflection of light. In particular, depending on the viewing angle, different optical impressions can be visible to the viewer.

For example, facets may be formed or formed by an embossing process in an embossable layer, e.g., in an embossing lacquer layer. The embossable layer may be or may be applied to a substrate. The embossable layer can be a film, in particular a thermoplastic film. The embossable layer can be a radiation-curable lacquer. The embossable layer can have several sub-layers.

A document of value can comprise any of the security elements disclosed herein. The value document can be a check, a bank card, a document, a deed, an identity card, a piece of clothing (a label of a piece of clothing) or a bank note.

The document of value can comprise at least one further security element. The further security element can be a security element that can be perceived by an observer. The further security element can be a security element that cannot be perceived by an observer. The further security element can be a security element that can be perceived by a machine.

The document of value can include at least one security feature. The security feature can be printed on the document of value. The security feature can be incorporated into a substrate of the value document. The security feature can be a security feature that can be perceived by an observer. The security feature can be a security feature that cannot be perceived by an observer. The security feature can be a security feature that can be perceived by a machine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention and further embodiments and is based on figures

Advantages of the invention explained in more detail, with the figures merely exemplary embodiments

describe the invention. Identical components in the figures are identified with the same

provided with reference numbers. The figures are not to be regarded as true to scale; individual elements of the figures may be exaggerated in size or exaggeratedly simplified.

1 shows a security element 100 with a security element 10 and a motif area 20;

Fig. 2 shows a motif area 20 with a motif 30 from a first viewing angle on the left, motif area 20 with a motif 30 from a second viewing angle on the right, and a change in motif 30 when the security element 10 tilts about the first axis is indicated in the middle ;

Figure 3a shows an arrangement of first facets 111 and second facets 112;

Figure 3b shows an arrangement of first facets 111 and second facets 112;

4 shows a motif area 20 on the left with a motif 30 under a first one

Viewing angle, on the right the motif area 20 with the motif 30 at a second viewing angle and in the middle a change in the motif 30 when the security element 10 tilts about the first axis is indicated;

Fig. 5 shows a motif area 20 with a motif 30 from a first viewing angle on the left, motif area 20 with a motif 30 from a second viewing angle on the right, and a change in motif 30 when the security element 10 tilts about the first axis is indicated in the middle ;

Fig. 6 shows a motif area 20 with a motif 30 from a first viewing angle on the left, the motif area 20 with a motif 30 from a second viewing angle on the right, and a change in motif 30 when the security element 10 tilts about the first axis is indicated in the middle ; Fig. 7 shows a motif area 20 with a motif 30 at a first viewing angle on the left, motif area 20 with motif 30 at a second viewing angle on the right, and a change in motif 30 when the security element 10 tilts about the first axis is indicated in the middle ; and

8 shows a subject area 20 with a subject 30 at a first viewing angle on the left, subject area 20 with subject 30 at a second viewing angle in the middle, and subject area 20 with subject 30 at a third viewing angle on the right.

FIG. 1 shows a document of value 100 with a security element 10. The security element 10 comprises at least one motif area 20. In the motif area 20 a motif 30 is visible to an observer.

The security element 10 defines an x-y plane. The x-direction can be understood as the first axis and the y-direction can be understood as the second axis. The first and second axes lie in the x-y plane. The first axis and the second axis are not parallel. An angle between the first axis and the second axis is preferably at least 45°; the first axis and the second axis are particularly preferably oriented perpendicular to one another. A z-direction can extend from the x-y plane. The z-direction is preferably oriented perpendicularly to the x-y plane.

The document of value 100 is a bank note, for example. A carrier or substrate of the document of value 100 can comprise or consist of one or more paper layers. The carrier or the substrate of the document of value 100 can alternatively comprise or consist of one or more plastic layers. Further alternatively, the carrier or the substrate of the document of value 100 can comprise at least one paper layer and at least one plastic layer.

The security element 10 can be applied to the carrier (or the substrate) of the document of value 100, for example as a security strip or security patch. As a rule, the security elements are provided on a transfer carrier, for example a plastic film, and are then (detached and) transferred from the transfer carrier to the carrier of the document of value. Alternatively, the security element is introduced into the carrier of the document of value, for example as a security thread. The security element can in particular already be introduced into the carrier during the production of the carrier be, for example, during paper or film production or between two sub-layers of the carrier.

2 shows a motif area 20 of a security element 10 on the left from a first viewing angle. The motif area 20 of the security element 10 is shown on the right in FIG. 2 from a second viewing angle. A transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can take place by tilting the security element 10 about the second axis (y-axis or y-direction).

The image in the middle of FIG. 2 illustrates a change in the motif 30 when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example from the first viewing angle to a third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle a fourth viewing angle.

In the subject area 20, a subject 30 is visible to the viewer. The motif 30 is visible to the viewer in a representation and with a color impression. In FIG. 2, the motif 30 is shown between two dashed lines for better visibility. Different hatching densities can indicate areas of different lightness, with a transition between the areas of different lightness being able to be continuous.

At the first viewing angle, the representation of subject 30 may be a brightly lit portion 41 in subject area 20 . The section 41 is strip-shaped or rectangular in the example of FIG. 1 . The motif 30 can extend from one side of the motif area 20 to an opposite side of the motif area 20 . Alternatively, the section 41 can be circular, square or have another shape, in particular a geometric shape.

The motif 30 is visible to the viewer with a color impression. The color impression can be monochromatic. In this case, the viewer can see the motif 30 in (precisely) one color at the first viewing angle. The color is, for example, green, red, blue or turquoise.

The color impression can be multicolored. A viewer may see motif 30 with more than one color, such as a blue portion and a red portion. A mixed color can also be visible to the viewer. In this case, facets with different sub-wavelength structures, which produce different primary colors (eg red and green), can be arranged in such a way that the viewer receives a yellow color impression. The brightly lit section 41 of the example in FIG. 2 lights up brightly in a first color (color impression of the motif 30) under the first viewing angle and is strip-shaped or rectangular at a position (representation of the motif 30) in the motif area 20.

By tilting the security element 10 about the second axis, the color impression of the motif 30 changes for the viewer. At the second viewing angle, the motif 30 is visible to the viewer with a different color impression than at the first viewing angle.

When the security element 10 tilts about the second axis, the representation of the motif 30 cannot change. In other words, the representation of subject 30 at the first viewing angle and the second viewing angle may be the same.

At the second viewing angle, the color impression of the motif 30 can be monochromatic or multicolored. In the example of FIG. 2, motif 30 is visible as a stripe-shaped or rectangular portion 41 brightly lit in a second color at the same position as at the first viewing angle by the viewer.

The first viewing angle is preferably within a first angular range (also referred to as a tilt angle range). The second viewing angle may be within a second angular range. If the security element tilts within an angular range, the color impression of the motif 30 cannot change or remain the same.

For example, the first angular range and the second angular range can each comprise 10°. The security element 10 can be tilted by up to 10° within the respective angle range without the color impression changing for the viewer.

A critical angle can lie between the first angular range and the second angular range. If the limit angle is exceeded, ie the security element is tilted beyond the limit angle, the color impression of the motif 30 can change. The change in the color impression of the motif 30 can be perceived by the viewer in an abrupt, erratic and/or discontinuous manner. From the viewer can at a color flip effect may be visible when the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis.

When the security element 10 tilts about the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), the representation of the motif 30 changes. The position, the shape and/or the size of the motif 30 can change in the process. The change in representation of subject 30 may be perceived by the viewer as continuous.

The position of the motif 30 preferably changes when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis. For example, the motif 30 (depending on the tilting direction) can be visible to the viewer as moving up or down, with the shape and/or or the size of the motif 30 is not changed. Likewise, sections of the motif 30 (depending on the tilting direction) can be visible to the viewer as moving towards or away from one another, with the shapes and/or sizes of the sections of the motif 30 in particular not changing.

The shape of the motif 30 preferably changes when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis. The motif 30 can (depending on the tilting direction) be visible to the viewer with different shapes. The motif 30 can be visible to the viewer at the first viewing angle and at the second viewing angle in a first form, for example as a square. When the security element tilts about the first axis, the shape of the motif 30 can change, for example from a square to a triangle.

More preferably, the size of the motif 30 changes when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis. The motif 30 can (depending on the tilting direction) be visible to the viewer as becoming larger or smaller, with the shape of the motif 30 in particular not changing changes. For example, subject 30 may be a circular area at the first viewing angle and at the second viewing angle. The size of the area can change when the security element tilts about the first axis. Depending on the direction of tilting, the area can be larger or smaller visible to the viewer.

In the example in FIG. 2, a position of the motif 30 changes as a brightly lit section 41. Tilting the security element 10 about the first axis causes the motif to move for the viewer in the motif area 20. This is shown in FIG double arrow indicated in the middle figure. The double arrow is not visible in the motif area 20, it is only used for illustration.

At the first viewing angle, the motif 30 is visible to the viewer in a first representation with a first color impression. At the second viewing angle, the motif 30 is visible to the viewer in the first representation with a second color impression. The transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can be carried out by tilting the security element 10 about the second axis.

Starting from the first viewing angle, the security element can be tilted about the first axis to a third viewing angle. Under the third

Viewing angle, the motif 30 can be visible to the viewer in a second representation with the first color impression. With this tilting, the display can change and the color impression can remain the same.

Starting from the second viewing angle, the security element can be tilted about the first axis to a fourth viewing angle. Under the fourth

Viewing angle, the motif 30 can be visible to the viewer in the second representation with the second color impression. With this tilting, the representation of the motif 30 can change and the color impression can remain the same.

A transition from the third viewing angle to the fourth viewing angle or from the fourth viewing angle to the third viewing angle can be carried out by tilting the security element 10 about the second axis. The color impression of the motif 30 can change and the representation of the motif can remain the same.

Fig. 3a schematically shows a first arrangement of facets 111, 112 in a motif area 20 and 3b schematically shows a second arrangement of facets 111, 112 in a motif area 20.

The motif area 20 comprises a multiplicity of differently aligned first facets 111 and a multiplicity of differently aligned second facets 112. The first facets 111 comprise first sub-wavelength structures 115 and the second facets 112 comprise second sub-wavelength structures 116. The first sub-wavelength structures 115 are set up to generate a first color. The second sub-wavelength structures 116 are set up to generate a second color. Each of the first sub-wavelength structures 115 and the second sub-wavelength structures 116 may be any sub-wavelength structure disclosed herein.

Each of the first and second facets 111, 112 defines a normal vector. The normal vector is orthogonal to the respective facet. The normal vector includes a first orientation component and a second orientation component

The first orientation component of the normal vector can represent a tilt of the facet with respect to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis (x-axis). The second orientation component of the normal vector can represent a tilt of the facet with respect to the x-y plane in the direction of the second axis (y-axis).

At least some, particularly preferably all, of the first facets 111 and the second facets 112 are preferably tilted with respect to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis. The first facets 111 can be tilted in the direction of the first axis within a first angular range with respect to the x-y plane. The second facets 112 may be tilted toward the first axis within a second angular range from the x-y plane.

In general, the normal vector can be a normal unit vector. A unit normal vector is a normal vector of length 1.

The first orientation components of the first facets 111 may be within a first range, for example from 0.4 to 0.6. The first orientation components of the second facets 112 may be within a second range, for example from -0.6 to -0.4. The first orientation components of the first facets 111 can have a negative value. The first orientation components of the second facets 112 can have a positive value.

Several groups of facets can be arranged in the motif area. Facets of a facet group can have the same sub-wavelength structures and can be tilted in the direction of the first axis within an angular range with respect to the xy plane. Facets of a facet group can have the same sub-wavelength structures and first orientation components of the normal vectors of the facets can lie within a range. The motif area can be at least 2, preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 5, more preferably at least 10, more preferably at least 15, more preferably at least 20 groups of facets.

By arranging first facets 111 with first sub-wavelength structures 115 in a tilt angle range and arranging second facets 112 with second sub-wavelength structures 116 in a different tilt angle range, it can be achieved that the color generated by the first sub-wavelength structures 115 is visible to the viewer in a viewing angle range and the color produced by the second sub-wavelength structures 116 is visible in a different range of viewing angles by the viewer. The viewer can see different color impressions in the motif area 20 depending on the tilt angle of the security element 10 .

At least some, preferably all, of the first facets 111 and the second facets 112 can be tilted with respect to the x-y plane in the direction of the second axis. Preferably, at least some, more preferably all, of the first facets 111 and the second facets 112 are tilted relative to the x-y plane in the direction of the first axis and in the direction of the second axis.

By tilting the facets in the direction of the second axis, the representation of the motif 30 can change as a function of the viewing angle. In particular, the representation of the motif 30 can be encoded in the tilting of the facets in the direction of the second axis and the color impression of the motif can be encoded in the tilting of the facets in the direction of the first axis.

At least some, preferably all, of the first facets 111 and the second facets 112 may be oriented non-parallel to the x-y plane.

A facet can be a surface of a microreflector, in particular a micromirror.

In Fig. 3a, first and second facets 111, 112 are arranged in different areas. First facets 111 are mostly or exclusively arranged in a first area. Second facets 112 are mostly or exclusively arranged in a second area.

Each of the regions may have an area of at least 0.09 mm ² . Preferably each of the regions has an area of at least 0.25 mm ² , more preferably at least 1 mm ² , more preferably at least 4 mm ² , more preferably at least 9 mm ² , more preferably at least 1 mm 2 at least 16 mm ² , more preferably at least 25 mm ² . Each of the areas can be visible to a viewer as a separate area.

By arranging first facets 111 in a first area and second facets 112 in a second area, depending on the viewing angle, the viewer can see the optical impression caused by the first facets 111 in the first area or the optical impression caused by the second facets 112, in the second area.

Each of the regions may have an area of less than 0.090 mm ² , preferably less than 0.040 mm ² , more preferably less than 0.010 mm ² , more preferably less than 0.0025 mm ² . Neither area can be visible to the viewer as a separate area. Areas with first facets and areas with second facets can be arranged alternately in the motif area, eg in a checkerboard pattern.

As indicated in FIG. 3b, first and second facets 111, 112 can be nested in one another. First and second facets 111, 112 can be arranged in an essentially uniformly distributed manner in one area. As a result, the optical impression caused by the first facets or the optical impression caused by the second facets can be visible to the viewer in the area depending on the viewing angle.

A motif area 20 of a security element 10 is shown on the left in FIG. 4 from a first viewing angle. 4 shows the motif area of the security element 10 on the right from a second viewing angle. A transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can take place by tilting the security element 10 about the second axis (y-axis or y-direction).

A change in motif 30 when security element 10 is tilted about the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example from the first viewing angle to a third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to one, is illustrated in the center of FIG. 4 fourth viewing angle.

A motif 30 is visible to the observer in the motif area 20 . The motif 30 is visible to the viewer in a representation and with a color impression. In FIG. 4, the motif 30 is shown between two dashed lines for better visibility. Similar to that shown in FIG. 2, the representation of subject 30 is a brightly lit portion 42 visible to the viewer in subject area 20. FIG. Section 42 may be striped or rectangular visible to the viewer. The motif 30 may be visible to the viewer from one side of the motif area 20 to an opposite side of the motif area 20 . The motif 30 can be circular, square or have another shape, in particular a geometric shape.

The color impression of the motif 30 of the example in FIG. 4 is visible to the viewer as a color gradient. The color gradient can be visible to the viewer in at least a portion of the motif 30 . In at least the portion of the motif 30, no portion may be visible to the viewer with a same color. The color impression of the motif 30 can include a mixed color. The color progression is indicated in FIG. 4 by different hatching lines. The gradient can be continuous.

For example, facets with sub-wavelength structures that produce primary colors (e.g. red, green and blue) can be arranged in the motif area 20 . In this case, first facets with first sub-wavelength structures, second facets with second sub-wavelength structures and third facets with third sub-wavelength structures can be provided. The first, second, and third sub-wavelength structures can each produce a primary color, such as red, green, or blue.

The facets with the respective sub-wavelength structure can be arranged in the motif area 20 in such a way that a color gradient is visible. The color gradient can be generated by at least two different sub-wavelength structures.

A mixed color can be visible in at least one section of motif area 20 . The mixed color can be generated by first sub-wavelength structures and second sub-wavelength structures. The first sub-wavelength structures can generate a first color, in particular a first primary color. The second sub-wavelength structures can generate a second color, in particular a second primary color.

A facet may include the first and second sub-wavelength structure. The facet with the first and second sub-wavelength structure can generate a mixed color of the respective color generated by the first sub-wavelength structure or the second sub-wavelength structure. A multiplicity of such facets can be arranged in the motif area 20 . First facets 111 preferably include first sub-wavelength structures 115 and second facets 112 include second sub-wavelength structures 116. A first facet 111 and a second facet 112 can be arranged relative to one another such that an observer sees a mixed color of the colors generated by the first and second sub-wavelength structures 111, 112 able to see. The distance between a first facet 111 and a second facet 112 can be less than 300 gm, preferably less than 150 gm, more preferably less than 100 gm, more preferably less than 50 gm. Several of the first facets 111 and several of the second facets 112 are arranged in the motif area 20, in particular a multiplicity of the first facets 111 and a multiplicity of the second facets 112.

The color impression of the motif 30 changes for the viewer when the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis. At the second viewing angle, the motif 30 is visible to the viewer with a different color impression than at the first viewing angle. The representation of the motif 30 preferably does not change when the security element 10 tilts about the second axis.

The color impression of the motif 30 at the second viewing angle can be visible as a color gradient. The color gradient can be visible in at least a portion of the motif 30 . A portion visible by the viewer with a same color may not be visible in the motif 30 by the viewer. The color impression of the motif 30 can include a mixed color.

The change in the color impression of the motif 30 when the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis can be seen by the viewer in leaps and bounds, abruptly and/or discontinuously. When the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis, a color flip effect can be visible to the viewer.

In a manner similar to that described with regard to FIG. 2 , the representation of the motif 30 can change when the security element is tilted about the first axis. This starting from the first viewing angle to a third viewing angle and starting from the second viewing angle to a fourth viewing angle. When the security element 10 tilts about the first axis, the color impression of the motif 30 cannot change. This is indicated in Fig. 2 by the double arrow in the middle figure. The double arrow is not visible in the motif area 20, it is only used for illustration. 5 shows a motif area 20 of a security element 10 on the left from a first viewing angle. The motif area 20 of the security element 10 is shown on the right in FIG. 5 from a second viewing angle. A transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can take place by tilting the security element 10 about the second axis (y-axis or y-direction).

The image in the middle of FIG. 5 illustrates a change in the motif 30 when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example from the first viewing angle to a third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle a fourth viewing angle.

In the example in FIG. 5 , the representation of motif 30 from the first viewing angle includes a brightly lit section that includes at least a first partial area 43 and at least a second partial area 44 . The motif 30 is shown between two dashed lines in FIG. 5 for better visibility.

The first portion 43 may be visible to the viewer at the first viewing angle in a first color. The second portion 44 may be viewable in a second color by the viewer at the first viewing angle.

In general, a color can be a color generated by a sub-wavelength structure, a color generated by at least two sub-wavelength structures, in particular a mixed color, a color gradient or a color pattern.

When the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis, the color impression of the motif 30 changes.

Preferably, the first portion 43 is visible to the viewer at the second viewing angle in a color different from the first color. At the second viewing angle, the first portion 43 may be visible to the viewer in the second color.

The second portion 44 may be visible to the viewer in a color different than the second color at the second viewing angle. At the second viewing angle, the second portion 44 may be visible to the viewer in the first color. The first partial area 43 and the second partial area 44 can (directly) adjoin one another. Alternatively, the first portion 43 and the second portion 44 may be spaced apart.

At the first viewing angle, a third portion 45 in a third color may be visible to the viewer. At the second viewing angle, the third portion 45 may be visible to the viewer at a color that is different than the third color. In particular, the third partial area 45 is visible in the second color from the first viewing angle and/or the third partial area 45 is visible in the first color from the second viewing angle.

The third portion 45 may be (directly) visible to the viewer adjoining the first portion 43 . The third portion 45 may be visible to the viewer at a distance from the first and/or second portion 44 .

The motif 30 can include a fourth partial area 46 . At the first viewing angle, the fourth portion 46 may be visible to the viewer in a fourth color. At the second viewing angle, the fourth portion 46 may be visible to the viewer at a color that is different than the fourth color. In particular, the fourth partial area 46 is visible in the first color from the first viewing angle and/or the fourth partial area 46 is visible in the second color from the second viewing angle.

The fourth partial area 46 can be visible to the viewer (directly) adjoining the second partial area 44 and/or the third partial area 45 . The third partial area 45 can be visible to the viewer at a distance from the first, second and/or third partial area 43, 44, 45.

The change in color when the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis can be perceived by the viewer in leaps and bounds, abruptly and/or discontinuously (color flip effect).

In a manner similar to that described above, the representation of the motif 30 can change when the security element is tilted about the first axis. This starting from the first viewing angle to a third viewing angle and starting from the second viewing angle to a fourth viewing angle. The change in the representation of the motif 30 is indicated in FIG. 5 by the double arrow in the center image. Of the The double arrow is not visible in the motif area 20, it is only used for illustration. When the security element 10 tilts about the first axis, the color impression of the motif 30 cannot change.

The position of the motif 30 preferably changes when the security element 10 tilts about the first axis. In addition, the size of the first, second, third and/or fourth partial area 43, 44, 45, 46 visible to the viewer can change if Security element 10 is tilted about the first axis.

A motif area 20 of a security element 10 is shown on the left in FIG. 6 from a first viewing angle. 6 shows the motif area of the security element 10 on the right from a second viewing angle. A transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can take place by tilting the security element 10 about the second axis (y-axis or y-direction). Light and dark areas are shown inverted in FIG. 6 for purely illustrative reasons. Hatched areas can be brightly visible to the viewer. Unhatched areas may be obscurely visible to the viewer.

A change in motif 30 when security element 10 is tilted about the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example from the first viewing angle to a third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to one, is illustrated in the middle of FIG. 6 fourth viewing angle.

In the motif 30 of the example in FIG. 6, at least a first sub-motif 51 is visible to the viewer. The first sub-motif 51 is visible in a first color at the first viewing angle. The first sub-motif 51 is visible in a second color from the second viewing angle. When the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis, the color of the first sub-motif 51 changes. The change in the color of the first sub-motif 51 can be abrupt, erratic and/or discontinuous (color flip effect).

In addition, the shape, position and/or size of the submotif 51 can change when the security element 10 tilts about the second axis. The shape of the submotif 51 preferably changes when the security element 10 tilts about the second axis.

In particular, the shapes of the sub-subject 51 are complementary to each other at the first viewing angle and at the second viewing angle. One among the first Viewing angle The section of the sub-subject 51 that appears bright can appear dark under the second viewing angle. A portion of the sub-subject 51 that appears bright at the second viewing angle may appear dark at the first viewing angle. All sections of the sub-motif 51 that appear bright at the first viewing angle preferably appear dark at the second viewing angle. All sections of the sub-motif 51 that appear bright at the second viewing angle preferably appear dark at the first viewing angle.

The change in the shape, position and/or size of the sub-motif 51 can be perceived by the viewer as abrupt, erratic and/or discontinuous. When the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis, the shape, position and/or size of the submotif 51 cannot change within a first angle range (tilt angle range) or can remain the same. When the security element 10 is tilted beyond a critical angle, the shape, position and/or size of the submotif can change (submotif flip). The shape, position and/or size of the sub-motif 51 cannot change or remain the same within a second angular range. The critical angle can be between the first and the second angle range.

The change in the color of the sub-motif 51 and the change in the shape, position and/or size of the sub-motif 51 can essentially be simultaneously visible to the viewer when the security element is tilted about the second axis across a critical angle. Alternatively, when the security element is tilted about the second axis beyond a first critical angle, the change in color of the submotif 51 can be visible. When the security element is tilted about the second axis beyond a second critical angle, the change in the shape, position and/or size of the submotif 51 can be visible. The first critical angle and the second critical angle can be spaced apart by at least 1°, preferably by at least 5°.

When the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis, the representation of the motif 30 changes. When tilted about the first axis, the at least one sub-motif 51 can change its size, shape and/or position for the viewer. This is indicated by the arrows in the center image of FIG. The arrows are not visible in the subject area, they are for illustration only. The change in the size, shape and/or position of the submotif 51 can preferably be continuously perceived by the viewer when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis. It is preferred that the size of the sub-motif 51 changes when tilted about the first axis. A pumping effect of the submotif 51 is particularly preferred Tilting visible to the viewer. The color impression of the motif preferably does not change when it is tilted about the first axis.

At least one second sub-motif 52 can be visible in the motif 30 . The second submotif 52 can change in the same way as the first submotif 51 when the security element is tilted about the first axis and/or about the second axis the size of the second sub-subject 52 increases. When the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis in the other direction, the size of the first sub-motif 51 can increase and the size of the second sub-motif 52 can decrease. In the motif 30, at least two first sub-motifs 51 and at least two second sub-motifs 52 can be visible to the viewer.

A motif area 20 of a security element 10 is shown on the left in FIG. 7 from a first viewing angle. 7 shows the motif area of the security element 10 on the right from a second viewing angle. A transition from the first viewing angle to the second viewing angle can take place by tilting the security element 10 about the second axis (y-axis or y-direction). Motifs 30 are shown between two dashed lines in each case in FIG. 7 for better visibility.

A change in motif 30 when security element 10 is tilted about the first axis (x-axis or x-direction), for example from the first viewing angle to a third viewing angle or from the second viewing angle to one, is illustrated in the center of FIG. 7 fourth viewing angle.

Similar to the example in FIG. 6 , in the example in FIG. 7 at least a first sub-motif 51 is visible to the viewer. The first sub-motif 51 is visible in a first color at the first viewing angle. The first sub-motif 51 is visible in a second color from the second viewing angle. When the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis, the color of the first sub-motif 51 changes. The change in the color of the first sub-motif 51 can be abrupt, erratic and/or discontinuous (color flip effect).

In addition, the shape, position and/or size of the submotif 51 can change when the security element 10 tilts about the second axis. The shape and the position of the submotif 51 preferably changes when the security element 10 tilts about the second axis. For example, sub-subject 51 is at the first viewing angle a fish in a first position and from the second viewing angle is the sub-subject

51 a bird at a second position.

A portion of the sub-subject 51 that appears bright at the first viewing angle may appear dark at the second viewing angle. A portion of the sub-subject 51 that appears bright at the second viewing angle may appear dark at the first viewing angle. All sections of the sub-motif 51 that appear bright at the first viewing angle preferably appear dark at the second viewing angle. All sections of the sub-motif 51 that appear bright at the second viewing angle preferably appear dark at the first viewing angle.

The sub-subject 51 can show a sub-subject flip, as described with regard to FIG. 6 .

When the security element 10 tilts about the first axis, the depiction of the motif 30 changes. This is indicated by the double arrow in the middle image of FIG. The motif 30 can be a brightly lit section. The brightly lit portion may include multiple sub-sections. When tilting about the first axis, the size, shape and/or position of the motif 30 can change for the viewer. The change in the size, shape and/or position of the motif 30 can preferably be continuously perceived by the viewer when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis. It is preferred that the motif 30 moves upwards or downwards for the viewer when the security element tilts about the first axis.

At least one second sub-motif 52 can be visible in the motif 30 . The second submotive

52 can change in the same way as the first sub-subject 51 when tilted about the first axis and/or the second axis. The second sub-subject 52 can be spaced from the first sub-subject 51 at the first viewing angle and/or at the second viewing angle from the viewer being visible.

In the motif area 20, at least two, preferably at least three, more preferably at least four, motifs 30 can be visible to the viewer.

A motif area 20 of a security element 10 is shown on the left in FIG. 8 from a first viewing angle.

At the first viewing angle, a subject 30 in subject area 20 is visible to the viewer. The subject can be a brightly lit section with a first Section 43 and a second section 44 to be. The first partial area 43 and the second partial area 44 can be visible in such a way that the brightly lit portion is visible to the viewer in the form of a strip or a rectangle in the subject area. The motif 30 in FIG. 8 is shown between two dashed lines for better visibility.

The first portion 43 may be visible to the viewer in a first color. The second portion 44 may be visible to the viewer in a second color. Each of the colors can be a color generated by a sub-wavelength structure, a color generated by at least two sub-wavelength structures, in particular a mixed color, or a color gradient.

The color impression of the motif 30 can be defined at least partially by the first partial area 43 and the second partial area 44 .

When the security element 10 tilts about the second axis, the position of the first partial area 43 can change. Preferably, the first portion 43 is at a first position at the first viewing angle and at the second viewing angle (middle image of Figure 8) the first portion 43 may be visible at a second position by the viewer.

A change in the position of the first partial area 43 can be perceived by the viewer suddenly, abruptly and/or discontinuously when the security element 10 is tilted about the second axis.

When the position of the first partial area 43 changes, a position, shape and/or size of the motif 30 cannot change or remain the same. The size of the first sub-area 43 preferably does not change when the position of the first sub-area 43 changes.

If the position of the first partial area 43 changes, the shape and/or position of the second partial area 44 can change. In particular, the second partial area 44 can be visible as a continuous partial area from the first viewing angle. At the second viewing angle, the second portion 44 having a first portion 44a and a second portion 44b may be visible to the viewer. The first portion 44a and the second portion 44b may be spaced apart or discontinuous visible to the viewer. The first portion 44a and the second portion 44b may be spaced apart by the first portion 43 . Between the first Section 44a and the second section 44b of the second partial area 44, the first partial area 43 can be visible to the viewer.

When the security element 10 tilts about the second axis, it can appear to the viewer as if the first partial area 43 were moving within the motif 30, in particular at least partially within the second partial area 44. The movement can appear discontinuous or continuous to the viewer.

At the third viewing angle (right image of Figure 8), the first portion 43 may be visible at a third position by the viewer. If the security element 10 is tilted further about the second axis, starting from the second viewing angle, the position of the first partial area 43 can change (further).

The second portion 44 may be contiguously viewable by the viewer at the third viewing angle.

In particular, when security element 10 is tilted about the second axis, it can appear to the viewer as if first partial area 43 were moving from one side of motif area 20 to another side of motif area 20, preferably to an opposite side of motif area 20.

When the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis, the representation of the motif 30 changes. The position, the shape and/or the size of the motif 30 can change during the tilting. The change in representation of subject 30 may be perceived by the viewer as continuous.

The position of the motif 30 preferably changes when the security element 10 is tilted about the first axis. For example, the motif 30 (depending on the tilting direction) can be visible to the viewer as moving up or down, with the shape and/or or the size of the motif 30 is not changed.

The change in the position of motif 30 in motif area 20 is indicated in the illustrations in FIG. 8 by the respective double arrow. The double arrows are not visible in the subject area 20 by the viewer. REFERENCE LIST 100 Value Document

10 security element

20 subject area

30 Motif 41 brightly lit section

42 brightly lit section

43 section

44 section

44a Section 44b Section

45 section

46 section

51 Submotive 52 Submotive

110 microreflector

111 first facet

112 second facet 115 first sub wavelength structure

116 second sub-wavelength structure

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Optically variable security element (10) with a motif area (20), where:

(a) a plurality of differently oriented first facets (111) and a plurality of differently oriented second facets (112) are arranged in the motif area (20), each of the first and second facets (111, 112) having a normal vector (n) defined with a first orientation component and a second orientation component, and wherein the optically variable security element (10) defines an x-y plane;

(b) the first facets (111) comprise first sub-wavelength structures (115) and the second facets (112) comprise second sub-wavelength structures (116), the first sub-wavelength structures (115) being different from the second sub-wavelength structures (116);

(c) in the motif area (20) at least one motif (30) can be seen by an observer in a representation and with a color impression;

(d) the representation of the at least one motif (30) for the viewer changes when the optically variable security element (10) is tilted about a first axis (x); and

(e) the color impression of the at least one motif (30) for the viewer changes when the optically variable security element (10) is tilted about a second axis (y) which is not parallel to the first axis (x); characterized in that

(f) the color impression of the at least one motif (30) is defined by the first orientation components and the representation of the at least one motif (30) is defined by the second orientation components; and

(g) that the first orientation components of the first facets (111) and the second facets (112) are different from each other.

2. The optically variable security element (10) according to claim 1, wherein the first and second sub-wavelength structures (115, 116) each have a color effect, wherein: - the color effect is essentially independent of a tilting of the optically variable security element (10) about the first axis (x) and/or about the second axis (y).

3. Optically variable security element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sub-wavelength structures (115, 116):

have dimensions equal to or greater than a quarter of the wavelength of visible light; and or are periodic structures, preferably with a period between 100 nm and 500 nm, more preferably with a period between 200 nm and 400 nm; and/or have a depth between 50 nm and 400 nm, preferably between 100 nm and 300 nm; and/or are one-dimensional gratings, in particular where the one-dimensional gratings have a polarizing effect, or are two-dimensional gratings, preferably with rectangular, square, hexagonal or parallelogram-shaped recesses; and/or have a wavy cross-section, in particular sinusoidal, sawtooth-shaped, rectangular, with high and low sections, with concave and/or convex sections; and/or an arrangement, in particular a periodic arrangement, of nanoholes or nanodots; and/or are irregularly arranged structures (115, 116), in particular are randomly distributed or quasi-periodically arranged structures (115, 116); and/or are concave-convex structures (115, 116), in particular are irregularly distributed concave-convex structures (115, 116) with flat sections; and/or are formed in an embossed layer, preferably wherein the embossed layer is a film, in particular a thermoplastic film, or a radiation-cured lacquer, in particular a UV-radiation-cured lacquer; and/or are metallized, in particular are metallized with Al, Ag, Cr, Cu, Fe, or an alloy thereof; and/or comprise an HRI layer, in particular a layer comprising ZnS; and/or comprise a multilayer, preferably wherein the multilayer comprises an absorber layer, a dielectric layer and a reflective layer or wherein the multilayer comprises an absorber layer, a dielectric layer and an absorber layer; and/or are embedded in a layer, in particular in a lacquer layer; and/or comprise a continuous layer, in particular wherein the sub-wavelength structures comprise high and low sections and the high and low sections comprise a layer; and/or a layer that is continuous when viewed perpendicular to the xy plane.

4. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least some, in particular all, of the first and second facets (111, 112) are tilted relative to the xy plane in the direction of the first axis (x), preferably at least some, in particular all, of the first and second facets (111, 112) relative to the xy plane in at least two directions, in particular in the direction of the first axis ( x) and in the direction of the second axis (y) are tilted.

5. The optically variable security element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the color impression of the at least one motif (30) remains constant for the viewer within a tilting angle range when the optically variable security element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y).

6. The optically variable security element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the representation of the at least one motif (30) for the viewer is constant within a first viewing angle range when the optically variable security element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y). and/or wherein the color impression of the at least one motif (30) remains constant for the viewer when the optically variable security element (10) is tilted about the first axis (x) within a second viewing angle range.

7. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second facets (111, 112) are arranged in the motif area (20) in such a way that at least a section (41) of the at least one motif ( 30) is visible in one color, preferably with the section of the at least one motif (30) having a dimension of at least 300 μm, preferably at least 500 μm.

8. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the representation of the at least one motif (30) comprises a size, a position and/or a shape of the at least one motif (30).

9. The optically variable security element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least a section of the at least one motif (30) is visible to the viewer from a first viewing angle in a first color, in particular completely in a first color, and the section of the at least one motif (30) is visible to the viewer from a second viewing angle in a second color, in particular completely in a second color.

10. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in at least one section of the at least one motif (30) from a first viewing angle a first color gradient (42) is visible to the viewer and in the section of the at least one motif ( 30) a second color gradient (42) is visible from a second viewing angle.

11. The optically variable security element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one motif (30) comprises at least a first partial area (43) and at least a second partial area (44), the first partial area (43) being viewed from a first angle is visible to the viewer in a first color impression and the second partial area (44) is visible to the viewer from the first viewing angle in a second color impression, in particular wherein the first partial area (43) is visible to the viewer from a second viewing angle in the second color impression and the second partial area (44) is visible to the viewer at the second viewing angle in the first color impression.

12. The optically variable security element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one sub-motif (51, 52) is visible to the viewer in the at least one motif (30), the sub-motif (51, 52) moving when the optically variable security element (10) changes around the first axis (x) for the viewer, in particular the size, the shape and/or the position of the at least one sub-motif (51, 52) changes.

13. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the color impression and the representation of the at least one motif (30) changes for the viewer when the optically variable security element (10) is tilted about the second axis (y), In particular, at least one first sub-motif (51, 52) being visible to the viewer in the at least one motif (30), with the color impression of the sub-motif (51 , 52) and/or the form of the submotive (51, 52) changed.

14. Optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the at least one motif (30) comprises at least a first partial area (43) which is visible to the viewer in a first color impression, and the at least one motif (30) comprises at least a second portion (44), which is visible to the viewer in a second color impression, with a tilting of the optical variable security element (10) about the second axis (y) a change in the first partial area (43) and/or the second partial area (44) is visible to the viewer, in particular a change in the size, the shape and/or the position of the first Partial area (43) and/or the second partial area (44) is visible to the viewer.

15. The optically variable security element (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second facets (111, 112) are each a surface of a microreflector, in particular a micromirror.

16. Document of value (100) with an optically variable security element (10) according to one of the preceding claims.