EP4359210A1 - Laminated pane having a diffusely reflecting element and an electrochromic functional element - Google Patents
Laminated pane having a diffusely reflecting element and an electrochromic functional elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP4359210A1 EP4359210A1 EP22734273.0A EP22734273A EP4359210A1 EP 4359210 A1 EP4359210 A1 EP 4359210A1 EP 22734273 A EP22734273 A EP 22734273A EP 4359210 A1 EP4359210 A1 EP 4359210A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pane
- diffusely reflecting
- laminating layer
- reflecting element
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 136
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 205
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)CC(O)=O ILJSQTXMGCGYMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003098 cholesteric effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000004986 Cholesteric liquid crystals (ChLC) Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000840 ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004812 Fluorinated ethylene propylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910003087 TiOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005354 aluminosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006117 anti-reflective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethene Chemical group C=C.FC(F)=C(F)F QHSJIZLJUFMIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920009441 perflouroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tioxidazole Chemical compound CCCOC1=CC=C2N=C(NC(=O)OC)SC2=C1 HLLICFJUWSZHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/1022—Metallic coatings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
- B32B17/10302—Edge sealing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10467—Variable transmission
- B32B17/10495—Variable transmission optoelectronic, i.e. optical valve
- B32B17/10513—Electrochromic layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a laminated pane which has a combination of an electrochromic functional element and a diffusely reflecting element, a projection arrangement, a method for producing the laminated pane and its use.
- diffusely reflecting elements in laminated glass, which are transparent as such and serve as a projection surface for displaying information, is known.
- the diffusely reflecting elements can be used in projection arrangements, such as in head-up displays, as a projection surface in laminated glass.
- a head-up display is a display system that allows the viewer to maintain their line of sight because the visual information is projected into their field of view. Projectors are used as the imaging unit, which project the image onto the projection element.
- Diffuse reflection is conceptually understood as non-directional reflection.
- a diffusely reflecting element for example, an image from a projector directed from the interior of a vehicle onto the inner pane of the vehicle glazing is displayed, with the diffusely reflecting element showing a real image in the plane of the laminated pane.
- a real image differs from a virtual image, the virtual image being in a different plane than the projection plane and the real image being shown in the projection plane.
- substrates with liquid crystal coatings materials with reflective functions, e.g., multilayer optical films, or others can be used as diffusely reflecting elements.
- substrates with a structured surface are also possible, e.g. a plastic or a glass with a structured surface that has a reflective coating.
- WO 2019/242915 A1 discloses a method for producing a laminated pane with a polarization-selective coating based on liquid crystals in a cholesteric phase.
- Transparent layer elements with diffuse reflection properties based on structured substrates made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or glass are described, for example, in WO 2018/109375 A1, WO 2015/063418 A1 and WO 2018142050 A1.
- the transparent layer elements can serve as diffusely reflecting elements.
- EP 3 457 210 A1 discloses an image projection structure based on a transparent layer with an irregular surface on which a reflection layer is arranged.
- JP 2017090617 A discloses the combination of a display element with a dimmable element in order to protect user privacy.
- CN 111487831 A discloses a projection arrangement in which an electrochromic element is arranged in front of the display element when viewed from the viewer in order to be able to hide the display element when the projector is switched off.
- EP 3 825 765 A1 discloses a laminated pane with a reflective screen in which a light control layer is arranged behind the reflective layer as seen from the viewer.
- the object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated pane with a diffusely reflecting element.
- the object of the present invention is solved by a laminated pane according to independent claim 1 .
- the invention also relates to a projection arrangement, a method for producing the composite pane and the use of the composite pane, according to the further independent claims. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
- the invention relates to a laminated pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an electrochromic functional element, a first laminating layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second laminating layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface.
- the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane
- the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element
- the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element
- the electrochromic functional element is between the outer pane and the first laminating layer.
- the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
- the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element and the electrochromic functional element is arranged between the outer pane and the first laminating layer is arranged, the diffusely reflecting element is thus arranged spatially in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
- the outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface, i.e. an outer surface, and an interior side surface, i.e. an inner surface, as described above, and a peripheral side edge extending therebetween.
- the outer surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position.
- inner surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position.
- the inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face each other in the laminated pane according to the invention.
- the surfaces of the disks are typically designated as follows:
- the outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I.
- the surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II.
- the outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III.
- the interior surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.
- the inner pane within the meaning of the invention refers to the pane facing the interior (vehicle interior).
- the outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
- the diffusely reflecting element When looking through the laminated pane perpendicularly, the diffusely reflecting element is thus arranged completely in the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged.
- the first laminating layer and the second laminating layer can independently be a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
- the first laminating layer and the second laminating layer can independently be, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene and/or contain or consist of a mixture and/or a copolymer thereof.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- ethylene vinyl acetate polyurethane
- polypropylene polyacrylate
- polyethylene polycarbonate
- polymethyl methacrylate polyvinyl chloride
- polyacetate resin polyacetate resin
- casting resin acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyviny
- the first laminating layer and the second laminating layer particularly preferably contain ethylene vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral, very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
- the electrochromic functional element is designed as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane.
- the invention also includes a composite pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an electrochromic functional element, a first laminating layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second laminating layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the diffusely reflecting element between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the electrochromic functional element is designed as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element is completely covered with the electrochromic functional element overlapped.
- the diffusely reflecting element is spatially arranged in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
- the composite pane according to the invention additionally comprises a third lamination layer, which is arranged between the electrochromic functional element and the outer pane.
- the electrochromic functional element is thus arranged between the third laminating layer and the first laminating layer, adjoining the first laminating layer and the third laminating layer.
- the invention therefore also comprises a laminated pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a third lamination layer, an electrochromic functional element, a first lamination layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second lamination layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the electrochromic functional element between the outer pane and the first laminating layer is arranged, the third laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
- the diffusely reflecting element is spatially arranged in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
- the third laminating layer is a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
- the third laminating layer can be, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene contain or consist of propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene and/or a mixture and/or a copolymer thereof.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- ethylene vinyl acetate polyurethane
- polypropylene polyacrylate
- polyethylene polycarbonate
- polymethyl methacrylate polyvinyl chloride
- polyacetate resin polyacetate resin
- casting resin acrylate
- fluorinated ethylene contain or consist of propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-te
- the third laminating layer particularly preferably contains ethylene vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral, very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
- the diffusely reflective element is generally transparent. It serves as a projection surface for displaying visual information.
- the visual information or light is thrown onto the diffusely reflecting element by an imaging unit, also referred to as a projector.
- the diffusely reflecting element shows a reflection in the visible spectrum, with a locally different refractive index usually being present than with glass or PVB.
- the diffusely reflective element includes a diffusely reflective internal surface with a diffusely reflective coating.
- the diffusely reflecting coating preferably comprises nanoparticles or microparticles such as silicon dioxide particles, polymeric particles or liquid crystals.
- metal or metal oxide particles can also be used.
- the nanoparticles or microparticles mentioned have a spherical shape and/or are transparent or translucent.
- diffusely reflecting elements with a diffusely reflecting coating comprising titanium oxide particles (TiOx particles) or silver particles have proven to be advantageous.
- diffusely reflecting elements with organic diffusely reflecting coatings containing cholesteric liquid crystals are very well suited to ensure good image quality.
- diffusely reflecting elements comprise cholesteric liquid crystals oriented in a matrix.
- a diffusely reflecting element is described in WO 2017/204103 A1, the element comprising randomly dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal droplets covered by a refractive index-matched layer.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal droplets essentially have the shape of a hemisphere, the radius of which depends on the contact angle between the film and the droplet.
- a wavelength selectivity of the diffusely reflecting element is also possible, as described for example in WO 2016/175183 A1.
- the diffusely reflecting element comprises a structured plastic film, which comprises a plurality of structured surfaces and the properties of the diffusely reflecting element are determined via the incline of the contact areas between adjacent structured layers. Exemplary embodiments and methods for structuring the layers of the diffusely reflecting element are described in WO 2012/104547 A1. Compared to the particle-based diffusely reflecting elements, the structured diffusely reflecting elements often achieve less haze and a better luminance factor (also referred to as "screen gain").
- Suitable diffusely reflecting elements are commercially available.
- Diffusely reflecting elements preferably have a reflection of more than 30% in the visible range.
- the diffusely reflecting element is formed as a substrate layer with a passive coating, as a transparent layer element with diffuse reflectivity, as a reflective substrate with structure, or as a substrate layer with reflective metallic coating.
- the diffusely reflective element comprises a substrate layer having a passive coating, and the passive coating is selected from a liquid crystal coating or a diffusely reflective coating.
- the liquid crystal coating is in particular a cholesteric liquid crystal coating.
- the substrate layer can, for example, have a thickness in the range from 0.03 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.2 mm, in particular when the functional coating is a liquid crystal coating, in particular a cholesteric liquid crystal coating.
- the substrate layer preferably contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB), cellulose triacetate (TAC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA) or polycarbonate (PC). or consists of it.
- the substrate layer is designed in particular as a film.
- the diffusely reflecting element preferably has a total thickness in the range from 0.035 to 0.3 mm, in particular when it is a liquid crystal display, preferably a cholesteric liquid crystal display.
- the electrochromic functional element and/or the diffusely reflecting element extend over at least 5%, preferably over at least 10%, particularly preferably over at least 50%, especially over at least 90% of the surface of the laminated pane according to the invention. It goes without saying that the proviso also applies in these embodiments that the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
- the electrochromic functional element can also extend over the entire surface of the composite pane or essentially over the entire surface, i.e. the entire surface minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm, which is usually covered by a frame-like dark masking print.
- a full-area or essentially full-area arrangement of the electrochromic functional element offers advantages in production.
- the diffusely reflecting element can also extend over the entire surface or essentially over the entire surface of the composite pane. It goes without saying that the proviso also applies in these embodiments that the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
- the diffusely reflecting element is arranged in an edge area of the laminated pane. This can be, for example, a lateral edge area, an upper edge area or a lower edge area.
- the diffusely reflecting element is arranged congruently with the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
- the diffusely reflecting element and the electrochromic functional element therefore have the same external dimensions.
- the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element are greater than the external dimensions of the diffusely reflecting element.
- external dimensions mean the dimensions that determine the area of an element.
- the outer dimensions do not include the thickness of the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element.
- the thickness of the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element can differ, even if the outer dimensions of these are the same.
- the outer pane and/or the first laminating layer and/or the third laminating layer are tinted or colored.
- the outer pane and/or the first laminating layer and/or the third laminating layer are preferably tinted or colored black.
- the laminated pane has in the see-through area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged while the electrochromic functional element is activated and is therefore in a dark state, in particular a light transmission of less than 6%, for example 0.6% or 0.3% and while the electrochromic functional element is not activated, in particular a light transmission of at least 6%, up to 70%, for example 10%
- the laminated pane has in the see-through area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged while the electrochromic functional element is activated and is therefore in a dark state, in particular a light transmission of less than 15%, for example 1%, and while the electrochromic functional element is not activated, in particular a light transmission of more than 30% up to 70%, for example 31%.
- the electrochromic functional element is an element which has switchable or controllable optical properties.
- the transmission of light can be actively influenced by applying an electrical voltage.
- Installed in the laminated pane a user can, for example, switch the laminated pane from a transparent to a non-transparent state. Gradations between transparency and opacity (opaqueness) are also possible.
- Such electrochromic functional elements and their mode of operation are known per se to a person skilled in the art.
- transparent means a transmission for visible light of more than 30% and in particular of more than 60%, for example more than 70%.
- opaque means a light transmission of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%.
- Suitable electrochromic functional elements which the laminated pane according to the invention can have are known to the person skilled in the art. These can be constructed, for example, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,321,544, US Pat. No. 5,404,244, US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2, US Pat.
- the electrochromic functional element preferably includes in the following order:
- the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode are intended to be electrically connected to a voltage source. All of the layers mentioned are preferably firmly connected to one another. All of the layers mentioned are preferably arranged congruently with one another.
- the working electrode and the counter-electrode are capable of reversibly storing charges.
- the oxidation states of the working electrode in the stored and stored state differ in their coloring, with one of these states being transparent.
- the storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference.
- the opaque color of the electrochromic functional element which can be set via the electrical potential, is preferably set in a color range from blue to black, in particular the adjustable color is black.
- the electrical potential range for changing between opacity and transparency of the electrochromic functional element is preferably 0 V to 7 V and particularly preferably 0.5 V to 5 V.
- the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode are preferably transparent and electrically conductive. They preferably contain at least one metal, one metal alloy or one transparent conducting oxide (transparent conducting oxide, TCO).
- the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode particularly preferably contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum and/or a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (Sn0 2 :F ), antimony-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped zinc oxide.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- Sn0 2 :F fluorine-doped tin oxide
- antimony-doped tin oxide aluminum-doped zinc oxide
- boron-doped zinc oxide boron-doped zinc oxide
- gallium-doped zinc oxide preferably indium tin
- first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode are based on a metal, they preferably have a total layer thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably 2 nm to 30 nm, particularly preferably 3 nm to 15 nm. If the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode is based on a transparent conductive oxide, they preferably have a total thickness of 20 nm to 2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m, very particularly preferably 100 nm to 600 nm and in particular from 300 nm to 500 nm. This achieves advantageous electrical contacting of the working electrode and counterelectrode and good horizontal conductivity of the layers.
- something is designed “on the basis” of a material, then it mainly consists of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.
- the total layer resistance of the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode is preferably 0.01 ohms/square to 100 ohms/square, particularly preferably ohms/square to 20 ohms/square, very particularly preferably 0.5 ohms/square to 5 ohms/square .
- a sufficiently large current flow between the electrodes of the electrochromic functional element is ensured, which enables optimal functioning of the working electrode and counter-electrode.
- the working electrode can be based on an inorganic or organic material.
- the working electrode is preferably based on tungsten oxide, but can also be based on molybdenum, titanium or niobium oxide and mixtures thereof.
- the working electrode can also be based on polypyrrole, PEDOT (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polyaniline and mixtures thereof.
- the counter-electrode can be formed, for example, on the basis of titanium oxide, cerium oxide, iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II/III) (Fe Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 ) and nickel oxide, as well as mixtures thereof.
- the electrolyte is ionically conductive and may be based on a layer of hydrated tantalum oxide and a layer of hydrated antimony oxide. Alternatively, the electrolyte can also be based on a polymer that contains lithium ions or be based on tantalum(V) oxide and/or zirconium(IV) oxide.
- the electrochromic functional element contains no electrolyte, with the working electrode itself functioning as the electrolyte.
- tungsten oxide can assume the function of an electrolyte.
- the electrochromic functional element also includes a first film and a second film.
- the first surface electrode is arranged on the first foil with a surface facing away from the working electrode, and the second surface electrode is arranged on the second foil with a surface facing away from the counter-electrode.
- the first film and/or the second film are preferably transparent.
- the first film and/or the second film are preferably based on polyethylene terephthalate.
- the total layer thickness of the electrochromic functional element is preferably from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm for this embodiment.
- the transparency of the electrochromic functional element is reduced. Since the diffusely reflecting element is arranged spatially in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane, the projected image has sufficient brightness when the electrochromic functional element is activated, especially when sunlight is incident, and can be easily recognized by the viewer.
- the laminated pane according to the invention solves the problem of the high contrast requirement of images generated on the laminated pane by using the principle of diffuse reflection in combination with an electrochromic functional element with which the optical properties of the pane can be controlled.
- the invention enables protection of the privacy of users of image displays based on diffusely reflective elements.
- the optical property, ie the transparency, of the pane using the electrochromic functional element pedestrians outside the vehicle cannot see the images displayed on the composite pane.
- the combination of an electrochromic functional element and a diffusely reflecting element prevents pedestrians from being dazzled by the light beams let through by the projector.
- the invention represents a combination of an electrochromic functional element and a diffusely reflecting element in a laminated glass. This combination enables a privacy function for display applications based on the principle of diffusely reflecting elements when the electrochromic functional element is activated and thus the amount of the transmitted light is reduced.
- a switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element increases the contrast of the generated image. This helps to reduce projector requirements and/or increase the viewable area.
- the outer pane and the inner pane can be flat or curved panes.
- the panes can be made of inorganic glass and/or organic glass (plastic).
- the outer pane and the inner pane can, for example, independently of one another, be made of flat glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, polycarbonate and/or polymethacrylate.
- the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of soda-lime glass.
- the outer pane and the inner pane have, for example, independently of one another, a thickness in the range from 0.4 to 5.0 mm, for example 1 to 3 mm, more preferably 1.6 to 2.5 mm.
- the outer pane and/or the inner pane can have other suitable coatings known per se, e.g. non-stick coatings, tinted coatings, anti-reflective coatings, anti-scratch coatings or low-E coatings.
- the laminated pane according to the invention comprises a first laminating layer, a second laminating layer and optionally a third laminating layer.
- the laminating layers may be the same or different in composition and/or thickness.
- the laminating layers can be formed by commercially available laminating films. They are used for bonding or laminating the components of the laminated pane.
- the outer pane and the inner pane are connected to one another by the laminating layers and the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element are laminated into the composite pane.
- the thickness of the first laminating layer, the second laminating layer and the third laminating layer can independently be between 30 ⁇ m (microns) and 2 mm, for example 50 ⁇ m, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm. It is particularly advantageous if the first laminating layer, ie the laminating layer arranged between the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element, has a thickness in the range from 30 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 100 ⁇ m . In this way, the distance between the functional element and the diffusely reflecting element can be kept small, as a result of which ghost images can be avoided.
- the first laminating layer and the second laminating layer independently of one another, preferably have a thickness in the range from 30 to 200 ⁇ m, for example 50 ⁇ m. If present, the third laminating layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 1 mm.
- the composite pane can optionally have a fourth lamination layer with a recess in which the electrochromic functional element is accommodated.
- the electrochromic functional element is thus surrounded by the fourth laminating layer in the manner of a frame.
- the composite pane can optionally have a fifth lamination layer with a recess in which the diffusely reflecting element is accommodated.
- the diffusely reflecting element is thus surrounded by the fifth laminating layer in the manner of a frame.
- the fourth laminating layer and the fifth laminating layer can independently be a thermoplastic intermediate layer. They can be, independently of one another, e.g /or contain or consist of a copolymer thereof.
- the thickness of the fourth laminating layer corresponds to the thickness of the electrochromic functional element and the thickness of the fifth laminating layer corresponds to the thickness of the diffusely reflecting element.
- the invention also relates to a projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention and at least one projector which is directed from the inside onto the diffusely reflecting element in order to generate a real image in the plane of the composite pane.
- a projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention and at least one projector which is directed from the inside onto the diffusely reflecting element in order to generate a real image in the plane of the composite pane.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane according to the invention as described above, the method comprising the following steps: a) providing an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an electrochromic functional element, a first laminating layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second Laminating layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, b) forming a layer stack in which the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first lamination layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second lamination layer is between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element is arranged, the electrochromic functional element is arranged between the outer pane and the first laminating layer and the diffusely reflecting element completely with the electrochromic Functional element overlaps, c) connecting the stack of layers by lamination.
- step b) in which the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, and the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element Element is arranged and the electrochromic functional element is arranged between the outer pane and the first laminating layer, the diffusely reflecting element is thus spatially arranged in front of the electrochromic functional element in the layer stack in the direction of view from the inner pane to the outer pane.
- the lamination causes the components to be bonded together to form the laminated pane.
- Lamination is generally done in an autoclave.
- the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination.
- the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (ie at the same time and using the same tool), because this changes the shape of the panes for the later lamination are optimally matched to each other.
- Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example.
- the layer stack can be laminated using common lamination processes.
- so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 90° C. to 100° C. for about 2 hours.
- autoclave-free processes are also possible.
- Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 100°C.
- the stack of layers can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 100°C.
- vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within about 60 minutes, for example, at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 100 °C.
- the invention also relates to the use of a composite pane according to the invention as interior or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, in particular as a vehicle pane in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles.
- the composite pane according to the invention as described above is preferably mounted in a vehicle or a building.
- the invention therefore also relates to a vehicle or structure in which a composite pane according to the invention is mounted as described above.
- the vehicle or structure is a vehicle selected from passenger vehicles or transport vehicles, such as buses, coaches, trains, trams, airplanes or ships.
- the vehicle or structure is a structure, with the laminated pane being mounted as a window pane or partition pane.
- the cutting disc can serve as a partition or display device.
- the composite pane according to the invention is a rear window, side window, windshield or roof window, in particular a roof window or side window of a vehicle.
- FIG. 1 shows the cross section of an embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the composite pane shown in FIG. 3 along the section line X'-X,
- FIG. 5 shows the cross-section of a further embodiment of that shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of one according to the invention
- Fig. 7 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the laminated pane shown in Fig. 6 along the section line Y'-Y,
- FIG. 8 shows the cross-section of a further embodiment of that shown in FIG.
- Fig. 10 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element.
- Fig. 11 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element.
- Fig. 12 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element.
- Fig. 13 shows a flow diagram of the method according to the invention.
- Fig. 1 shows the cross section of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention.
- the composite pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, an electrochromic functional element 2, a first laminating layer 3, a diffuse reflective element 4, a second laminating layer 5 and an inner pane 6 having an outer surface III and an inner surface IV.
- the electrochromic functional element 2 is designed as a coating on the inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and is constructed, for example, as described in US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2.
- the laminated pane 100 has the following sequence of layers:
- the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 extend over the entire surface of the laminated pane 100.
- the outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick.
- the inner pane 6 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.
- the first laminating layer 3 and the second laminating layer 5 are, for example, thermoplastic intermediate layers and consist, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and are each 0.38 mm thick.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- the diffusely reflecting element can be constructed, for example, as shown in FIGS. Fig. 2 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention.
- first laminating layer 3 a diffusely reflecting element 4
- second laminating layer 5 an inner pane 6 having an outer surface III and an inner surface IV.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 6, the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the diffusely reflecting element 4, the first laminating layer 3 is arranged between the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 , the third laminating layer 7 is arranged between the electrochromic functional element 2 and the outer pane 1 and the second laminating layer 5 is arranged between the diffusely reflecting element 4 and the inner pane 6 .
- the laminated pane 100 has the following sequence of layers:
- the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 extend over the entire surface of the laminated pane 100.
- the electrochromic functional element 2 comprises, for example, in the following order: a first PET film, a first surface electrode, a working electrode, an electrolyte, a counter electrode, a second surface electrode and a second PET film.
- the surface electrodes are, for example, thin layers of an electrically conductive material Materials containing indium tin oxide.
- the ion-conductive electrolyte is constructed, for example, on the basis of a layer of hydrated tantalum oxide and a layer of hydrated antimony oxide.
- the working electrode and the counter-electrode are constructed on the basis of an organic polymer, for example.
- the outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick.
- the inner pane 6 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.
- the first laminating layer 3 and the second laminating layer 5 are, for example, thermoplastic intermediate layers and consist, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and are each 0.38 mm thick.
- the third laminating layer 7 is, for example, a thermoplastic intermediate layer and is also 0.38 mm thick.
- the diffusely reflecting element can be constructed, for example, as shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 3 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention.
- the composite pane 100 is a roof pane, for example.
- the area in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged is identified by the reference symbol B in FIG. 3 .
- the dashed line marks the peripheral edge of the electrochromic functional element 2.
- the area in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged is marked with the reference symbol A.
- the dotted line marks the peripheral side edge of the diffusely reflecting element 4.
- the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 are arranged congruently in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
- FIG. 4 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 3 along the section line X'-X.
- the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. but over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire composite pane 100, but rather over the entire composite pane 100 minus a peripheral edge region of, for example, 20 mm.
- the laminated pane 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 has a fourth lamination layer 12 and a fifth lamination layer 13 .
- the fourth laminating layer 12 has a recess in in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is accommodated
- the fifth laminating layer 13 has a recess in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is accommodated.
- the electrochromic functional element 2 is thus surrounded by the fourth laminating layer 12 like a frame in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 is surrounded like a frame by the fifth laminating layer 13 in the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the fourth laminating layer 12 and the fifth laminating layer 13 are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), for example.
- the thickness of the fourth laminating layer 12 corresponds to the thickness of the electrochromic functional element 2 and the thickness of the fifth laminating layer 13 corresponds to the thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4.
- the use of a fourth laminating layer 12 and a fifth laminating layer 13 is optional. It is also possible for the first laminating layer 3 or the second laminating layer 5 to also laterally surround the electrochromic functional element 2 or the diffusely reflecting element 4 after the lamination.
- FIG. 5 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 3 along the section line X'-X.
- the embodiment of a composite pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 only in that the electrochromic functional element 2 does not extend over the entire outer pane 1, but rather over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral one Edge area of 20 mm, for example.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire outer pane 1, but rather over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm.
- the laminated pane 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 has a fourth lamination layer 12 and a fifth lamination layer 13 .
- the fourth laminating layer 12 has a gap in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is accommodated
- the fifth laminating layer 13 has a gap in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is accommodated.
- the electrochromic functional element 2 is thus surrounded in the manner of a frame by the fourth laminating layer 12 and is diffusely reflective
- element 4 is surrounded by the fifth laminating layer 13 in the manner of a frame.
- the fourth laminating layer 12 and the fifth laminating layer 13 are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), for example.
- the thickness of the fourth laminating layer 12 corresponds to the thickness of the electrochromic functional element 2 and the thickness of the fifth laminating layer 13 corresponds to the thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4.
- the use of a fourth laminating layer 12 and a fifth laminating layer 13 is optional. It is also possible for the first laminating layer 3 or the laminating layer 5 or the third laminating layer 7 to also laterally surround the electrochromic functional element 2 or the diffusely reflecting element 4 after the lamination.
- FIG. 6 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention.
- the composite pane 100 is a windshield, for example.
- the area in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged is identified by the reference symbol B in FIG. 6 .
- the dashed line marks the peripheral edge of the electrochromic functional element 2.
- the area in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged is marked with the reference symbol A.
- the dotted line characterizes the circumferential side edge of the diffusely reflecting element 4.
- the laminated pane 100 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U and two side edges S.
- the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 are arranged congruently in the lower quarter of the laminated pane 100 in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
- FIG. 7 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 6 along the section line Y'-Y.
- the embodiment of a composite pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 7 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG extends peripheral edge area, but is arranged in an edge area, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the composite pane 100 is arranged, which is spaced from the lower edge U and the side edges S, for example 20 mm.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral edge area, but is arranged in an edge area, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the composite pane 100, which is separated from the lower edge U and the side edges S, for example 20 mm apart.
- FIG. 8 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 6 along the section line Y'-Y.
- the embodiment of a laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 8 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG is arranged in an edge area, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the laminated pane 100, which is spaced from the lower edge U and the side edges S, for example 20 mm.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire surface of the laminated pane 100 minus a peripheral edge area, but is arranged in an edge region, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the laminated pane 100, which consists of the lower edge U and the side edges S for example 20 mm apart.
- Fig. 9 shows the cross section of an embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element 4.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 comprises a substrate layer 8, with a passive coating 9, in particular a cholesteric liquid crystal coating, being applied to one side of the substrate layer 8, which serves as a projection surface for displaying the information serves.
- the overall thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4 can be 0.05 mm, for example.
- the substrate layer 8 can be a substrate based on PVB, TAC, PMMA, EVA, PET, PE, PA or PC, for example.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 comprises a substrate layer 8, with a reflective metallic coating 11 being applied to one side of the substrate layer 8, which serves as a projection surface for displaying the information.
- the overall thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4 can be 0.05 mm, for example.
- the substrate layer 8 can be a substrate based on PVB, TAC, PMMA, EVA, PET, PE, PA or PC, for example.
- 11 shows the cross section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element. 4.
- the diffusely reflecting element 4 is designed as a reflective substrate with a structure and comprises a substrate layer with a structured surface 10a, with a reflective coating 10b being applied to the structured surface.
- the substrate layer with a structured surface 10a is, for example, a substrate based on PMMA with a thickness of 70 ⁇ m, to which a TiO x coating with a thickness of 60 nm is applied.
- FIG. 12 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element. 4.
- the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 differs from that shown in FIG. 11 only in that the surface of the substrate layer has a structured
- Surface 10a is structured only in a partial area.
- FIG. 13 shows a flow chart for visualizing the method according to the invention for producing a laminated pane according to the invention.
- a first step a an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, an electrochromic functional element 2, a first laminating layer 3, a diffusely reflecting element 4, a second laminating layer 5 and an inner pane 6 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV provided.
- a stack of layers is formed in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 6, the first lamination layer 3 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the diffusely reflecting element 4, the second lamination layer 5 is arranged between the inner pane 6 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 and the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the first laminating layer 3 , and the diffusely reflecting element 4 completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element 2 .
- the stack of layers is connected by lamination.
- a laminated pane was produced, which is constructed as follows: clear glass 2.1 mm clear PVB 0.76 mm electrochromic functional element clear PVB 0.76 mm diffusely reflecting element clear PVB 0.76 mm clear glass 2.1 mm
- a laminated pane was produced, which is structured as follows: dark glass 2.1 mm clear PVB 0.76 mm electrochromic functional element clear PVB 0.76 mm diffusely reflecting element clear PVB 0.76 mm clear glass 2.1 mm
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laminated pane (100), at least comprising an outer pane (1), which has an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), an electrochromic functional element (2), a first laminating layer (3), a diffusely reflecting element (4), a second laminating layer (5) and an inner pane (6) which has an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV). The diffusely reflecting element (4) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (6), the first laminating layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the diffusely reflecting element (4), the second laminating layer (5) is arranged between the inner pane (6) and the diffusely reflecting element (4), and the electrochromic functional element (2) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the first laminating layer (3). The diffusely reflecting element (4) completely overlaps the electrochromic functional element (2).
Description
VERBUNDSCHEIBE MIT DIFFUS REFLEKTIERENDEM ELEMENT UND ELEKTROCHROMEM FUNKTIONSELEMENT COMPOSITE LENS WITH DIFFUSE REFLECTIVE ELEMENT AND ELECTROCHROMIC FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe, die eine Kombination von einem elektrochromen Funktionselement und einem diffus reflektierenden Element aufweist, eine Projektionsanordnung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbundscheibe und deren Verwendung. The invention relates to a laminated pane which has a combination of an electrochromic functional element and a diffusely reflecting element, a projection arrangement, a method for producing the laminated pane and its use.
Der Einbau von diffus reflektierenden Elementen in Verbundgläser, die als solche transparent sind und als Projektionsfläche zur Anzeige von Information dienen, ist bekannt. Die diffus reflektierenden Elemente können in Projektionsanordnungen, wie z.B. in Head-up-Displays, als Projektionsfläche im Verbundglas eingesetzt werden. Ein Head-up-Display ist ein Anzeigesystem, bei dem der Betrachter seine Blickrichtung beibehalten kann, weil die visuellen Informationen in sein Sichtfeld projiziert werden. Als bildgebende Einheit werden Projektoren verwendet, die das Bild auf das Projektionselement werfen. The incorporation of diffusely reflecting elements in laminated glass, which are transparent as such and serve as a projection surface for displaying information, is known. The diffusely reflecting elements can be used in projection arrangements, such as in head-up displays, as a projection surface in laminated glass. A head-up display is a display system that allows the viewer to maintain their line of sight because the visual information is projected into their field of view. Projectors are used as the imaging unit, which project the image onto the projection element.
Diffuse Reflexion ist begrifflich als nicht gerichtete Reflexion aufzufassen. An einem diffus reflektierenden Element wird beispielsweise ein aus dem Inneren eines Fahrzeugs auf die Innenscheibe der Fahrzeugverglasung gerichtetes Bild eines Projektors dargestellt, wobei das diffus reflektierende Element ein reales Bild in der Ebene der Verbundscheibe zeigt. Ein reales Bild unterscheidet sich dabei von einem virtuellen Bild, wobei das virtuelle Bild in einer anderen Ebene als die Projektionsebene liegt und das reale Bild in der Projektionsebene gezeigt wird.Diffuse reflection is conceptually understood as non-directional reflection. On a diffusely reflecting element, for example, an image from a projector directed from the interior of a vehicle onto the inner pane of the vehicle glazing is displayed, with the diffusely reflecting element showing a real image in the plane of the laminated pane. A real image differs from a virtual image, the virtual image being in a different plane than the projection plane and the real image being shown in the projection plane.
Als diffus reflektierende Elemente können z.B. Substrate mit Flüssigkristallbeschichtungen, Materialien mit reflektierenden Funktionen, z.B. mehrschichtige optische Filme oder andere, eingesetzt werden. Möglich sind auch Substrate mit strukturierter Oberfläche, z.B. ein Kunststoff oder ein Glas mit strukturierter Oberfläche, die eine reflektierende Beschichtung aufweisen. For example, substrates with liquid crystal coatings, materials with reflective functions, e.g., multilayer optical films, or others can be used as diffusely reflecting elements. Substrates with a structured surface are also possible, e.g. a plastic or a glass with a structured surface that has a reflective coating.
Die Funktion eines transparenten Bildschirms auf der Basis von cholesterischen Kristallen wird z.B. in US 2018/0052264 A1 , WO 2018/169095 A1 und JP2018180122 beschrieben. In der WO 2019/242915 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe mit polarisationsselektiver Beschichtung auf Basis von Flüssigkristallen in einer cholesterischen Phase offenbart. The function of a transparent screen based on cholesteric crystals is described, for example, in US 2018/0052264 A1, WO 2018/169095 A1 and JP2018180122. WO 2019/242915 A1 discloses a method for producing a laminated pane with a polarization-selective coating based on liquid crystals in a cholesteric phase.
Transparente Schichtelemente mit diffusen Reflexionseigenschaften auf Basis von strukturierten Substraten aus Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) oder Glas werden z.B. in WO
2018/109375 A1, WO 2015/063418 A1 und WO 2018142050 A1 beschrieben. Die transparenten Schichtelemente können als diffus reflektierende Elemente dienen. In EP 3 457 210 A1 ist eine Bildprojektionsstruktur auf Basis einer transparenten Schicht mit einer unregelmäßigen Oberfläche, auf der eine Reflexionsschicht angeordnet ist, offenbart. Transparent layer elements with diffuse reflection properties based on structured substrates made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or glass are described, for example, in WO 2018/109375 A1, WO 2015/063418 A1 and WO 2018142050 A1. The transparent layer elements can serve as diffusely reflecting elements. EP 3 457 210 A1 discloses an image projection structure based on a transparent layer with an irregular surface on which a reflection layer is arranged.
Bei der Auslegung einer Projektionsanordnung muss dafür Sorge getragen werden, dass der Projektor eine entsprechend große Leistung hat, so dass das projizierte Bild, insbesondere bei Einfall von Sonnenlicht, eine ausreichende Helligkeit aufweist und vom Betrachter gut erkennbar ist. Dies erfordert eine gewisse Größe des Projektors und geht mit einem entsprechenden Stromverbrauch sowie betriebsbedingter Wärmeentwicklung einher. When designing a projection arrangement, care must be taken to ensure that the projector has a correspondingly high output so that the projected image has sufficient brightness, especially when sunlight is incident, and can be easily recognized by the viewer. This requires a certain size of the projector and is associated with a corresponding power consumption and operational heat development.
Darüber hinaus ist es bei Projektionsanordnungen wie z.B. Head-up-Displays schwierig, die Privatsphäre der Benutzer zu schützen, da die eingesetzten Projektionsflächen von beiden Seiten durchsichtig sind. Zudem ist auf die Sicherheit der Fußgänger durch Vermeidung von Blendung zu achten. In addition, with projection devices such as head-up displays, it is difficult to protect users' privacy since the projection screens used are transparent from both sides. Pedestrian safety must also be ensured by avoiding glare.
In der JP 2017090617 A ist die Kombination eines Displayelements mit einem dimmbaren Element offenbart, um die Privatsphäre der Benutzer zu schützen. JP 2017090617 A discloses the combination of a display element with a dimmable element in order to protect user privacy.
CN 111487831 A offenbart eine Projektionsanordnung, in der vom Betrachter ausgesehen ein elektrochromes Element vor dem Displayelement angeordnet ist, um das Displayelement verbergen zu können, wenn der Projektor ausgeschaltet ist. CN 111487831 A discloses a projection arrangement in which an electrochromic element is arranged in front of the display element when viewed from the viewer in order to be able to hide the display element when the projector is switched off.
EP 3 825 765 A1 offenbart eine Verbundscheibe mit einem reflektierenden Bildschirm, bei dem vom Betrachter aus gesehen hinter der reflektierenden Schicht eine Lichtkontrollschicht angeordnet ist. EP 3 825 765 A1 discloses a laminated pane with a reflective screen in which a light control layer is arranged behind the reflective layer as seen from the viewer.
Es besteht Verbesserungsbedarf bei dem Kontrast von Bildern, die von in Verbundgläsern enthaltenen diffus reflektierenden Elementen angezeigt werden und Verbesserungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Privatsphäre der Nutzer und bei der Vermeidung von Blendung von außenstehenden Fußgängern. There is a need for improvement in the contrast of images displayed by diffuse reflective elements contained in laminated glasses, and in the privacy of users and the prevention of glare to outside pedestrians.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine verbesserte Verbundscheibe mit einem diffus reflektierenden Element bereitzustellen. The object of the present invention is to provide an improved laminated pane with a diffusely reflecting element.
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch eine Verbundscheibe gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Projektionsanordnung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Verbundscheibe sowie die Verwendung der Verbundscheibe,
gemäß den weiteren unabhängigen Ansprüchen. Bevorzugte Ausführungen gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor. The object of the present invention is solved by a laminated pane according to independent claim 1 . The invention also relates to a projection arrangement, a method for producing the composite pane and the use of the composite pane, according to the further independent claims. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Verbundscheibe mindestens umfassend eine Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement, eine erste Laminierschicht, ein diffus reflektierendes Element, eine zweite Laminierschicht und eine Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche. The invention relates to a laminated pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an electrochromic functional element, a first laminating layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second laminating layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface.
In der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe ist das diffus reflektierende Element zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet, die erste Laminierschicht ist zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet, die zweite Laminierschicht ist zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet und das elektrochrome Funktionselement ist zwischen der Außenscheibe und der ersten Laminierschicht angeordnet. In the laminated pane according to the invention, the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element and the electrochromic functional element is between the outer pane and the first laminating layer.
Erfindungsgemäß überlappt das diffus reflektierende Element vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement. According to the invention, the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
Dadurch, dass das diffus reflektierende Element zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet, die erste Laminierschicht ist zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet, die zweite Laminierschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet und das elektrochrome Funktionselement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der ersten Laminierschicht angeordnet ist, ist somit das diffus reflektierende Element in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe räumlich vor dem elektrochromen Funktionselement angeordnet. Due to the fact that the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element and the electrochromic functional element is arranged between the outer pane and the first laminating layer is arranged, the diffusely reflecting element is thus arranged spatially in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe weisen wie oben beschrieben jeweils eine außenseitige Oberfläche, d.h. eine Außenfläche, und eine innenraumseitige Oberfläche, d.h. eine Innenfläche, auf und eine dazwischen verlaufende, umlaufende Seitenkante. Mit Außenfläche wird im Sinne der Erfindung diejenige Hauptfläche bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage der äußeren Umgebung zugewandt zu sein. Mit Innenfläche wird im Sinne der Erfindung diejenige Hauptfläche bezeichnet, welche dafür vorgesehen ist, in Einbaulage dem Innenraum zugewandt zu sein. Die Innenfläche der Außenscheibe und die Außenfläche der Innenscheibe sind in der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe einander zugewandt. The outer pane and the inner pane each have an outside surface, i.e. an outer surface, and an interior side surface, i.e. an inner surface, as described above, and a peripheral side edge extending therebetween. Within the meaning of the invention, the outer surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the external environment in the installed position. Within the meaning of the invention, inner surface designates that main surface which is intended to face the interior in the installed position. The inner surface of the outer pane and the outer surface of the inner pane face each other in the laminated pane according to the invention.
Die Oberflächen der Scheiben werden typischerweise wie folgt bezeichnet:
Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite I bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Außenscheibe wird als Seite II bezeichnet. Die außenseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite III bezeichnet. Die innenraumseitige Oberfläche der Innenscheibe wird als Seite IV bezeichnet. The surfaces of the disks are typically designated as follows: The outside surface of the outer pane is referred to as side I. The surface of the outer pane on the interior side is referred to as side II. The outside surface of the inner pane is referred to as Side III. The interior surface of the inner pane is referred to as side IV.
Ist die Verbundscheibe dafür vorgesehen, in einer Fensteröffnung eines Fahrzeugs oder eines Gebäudes einen Innenraum gegenüber der äußeren Umgebung abzutrennen, so wird mit Innenscheibe im Sinne der Erfindung die dem Innenraum (Fahrzeuginnenraum) zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. Mit Außenscheibe wird die der äußeren Umgebung zugewandte Scheibe bezeichnet. If the laminated pane is intended to separate an interior space from the outside environment in a window opening of a vehicle or a building, the inner pane within the meaning of the invention refers to the pane facing the interior (vehicle interior). The outer pane refers to the pane facing the outside environment.
Mit der Beschreibung, dass ein Element A vollständig mit einem Element B überlappt, ist im Sinne der Erfindung gemeint, dass die orthogonale Projektion vom Element A zur Flächenebene vom Element B vollständig innerhalb vom Element B angeordnet ist. When describing an element A as completely overlapping an element B, it is meant for the purposes of the invention that the orthogonal projection from element A to the surface plane of element B is located entirely within element B.
Bei senkrechter Durchsicht durch die Verbundscheibe ist somit das diffus reflektierende Element vollständig in dem Bereich angeordnet, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist. When looking through the laminated pane perpendicularly, the diffusely reflecting element is thus arranged completely in the area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged.
Die erste Laminierschicht und die zweite Laminierschicht können unabhängig voneinander eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarer Kleber (optical clear adhesive, OCA) sein. Die erste Laminierschicht und die zweite Laminierschicht können unabhänig voneinander z.B. Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat, Polyurethan, Polypropylen, Polyacrylat, Polyethylen, Polycarbonat, Polymethylmetacrylat, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyacetatharz, Gießharz, Acrylat, fluoriniertes Ethylen-Propylen, Polyvinylfluorid und/oder Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen und/oder ein Gemisch und/oder ein Copolymer davon enthalten oder daraus bestehen. The first laminating layer and the second laminating layer can independently be a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA). The first laminating layer and the second laminating layer can independently be, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene tetrafluoroethylene and/or contain or consist of a mixture and/or a copolymer thereof.
Besonders bevorzugt enthalten die erste Laminierschicht und die zweite Laminierschicht Ethylenvinylacetat oder Polyvinylbutyral, ganz besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral. The first laminating layer and the second laminating layer particularly preferably contain ethylene vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral, very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das elektrochrome Funktionselement als eine Beschichtung der Innenfläche der Außenscheibe ausgebildet. In a preferred embodiment, the electrochromic functional element is designed as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane.
Somit umfasst die Erfindung auch eine Verbundscheibe mindestens umfassend eine Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement, eine erste Laminierschicht, ein diffus reflektierendes Element, eine zweite Laminierschicht und eine Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, wobei das diffus reflektierende Element zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist,
die erste Laminierschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet ist, die zweite Laminierschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet ist, das elektrochrome Funktionselement als Beschichtung auf der Innenfläche der Außenscheibe ausgebildet ist und das diffus reflektierende Element vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement überlappt. Thus, the invention also includes a composite pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an electrochromic functional element, a first laminating layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second laminating layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the diffusely reflecting element between the outer pane and the inner pane is arranged, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the electrochromic functional element is designed as a coating on the inner surface of the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element is completely covered with the electrochromic functional element overlapped.
Es versteht sich, dass auch in dieser Ausführungsform das diffus reflektierende Element in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe räumlich vor dem elektrochromen Funktionselement angeordnet ist. It goes without saying that in this embodiment too the diffusely reflecting element is spatially arranged in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
In einer alternativen bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe zusätzlich eine dritte Laminierschicht, welche zwischen dem elektrochromen Funktionselement und der Außenscheibe angeordnet ist. Das elektrochrome Funktionselement ist somit in dieser Ausführungsform zwischen der dritten Laminierschicht und der ersten Laminierschicht an die erste Laminierschicht und an die dritte Laminierschicht angrenzend angeordnet. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the composite pane according to the invention additionally comprises a third lamination layer, which is arranged between the electrochromic functional element and the outer pane. In this embodiment, the electrochromic functional element is thus arranged between the third laminating layer and the first laminating layer, adjoining the first laminating layer and the third laminating layer.
Somit umfasst die Erfindung auch eine Verbundscheibe mindestens umfassend eine Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, eine dritte Laminierschicht, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement, eine erste Laminierschicht, ein diffus reflektierendes Element, eine zweite Laminierschicht und eine Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, wobei das diffus reflektierende Element zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist, die erste Laminierschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet ist, die zweite Laminierschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet ist, das elektrochrome Funktionselement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der ersten Laminierschicht angeordnet ist, die dritte Laminierschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem elektrochromen Funktionselement angeordnet ist und das diffus reflektierende Element vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement überlappt. The invention therefore also comprises a laminated pane at least comprising an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, a third lamination layer, an electrochromic functional element, a first lamination layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second lamination layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the electrochromic functional element between the outer pane and the first laminating layer is arranged, the third laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
Es versteht sich, dass auch in dieser Ausführungsform das diffus reflektierende Element in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe räumlich vor dem elektrochromen Funktionselement angeordnet ist. It goes without saying that in this embodiment too the diffusely reflecting element is spatially arranged in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
Bevorzugt ist die dritte Laminierschicht eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarer Kleber (OCA). Die dritte Laminierschicht kann z.B. Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat, Polyurethan, Polypropylen, Polyacrylat, Polyethylen, Polycarbonat, Polymethylmetacrylat, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyacetatharz, Gießharz, Acrylat, fluoriniertes Ethylen-
Propylen, Polyvinylfluorid und/oder Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen und/oder ein Gemisch und/oder ein Copolymer davon enthalten oder daraus bestehen. Preferably, the third laminating layer is a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA). The third laminating layer can be, for example, polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyacrylate, polyethylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyacetate resin, casting resin, acrylate, fluorinated ethylene contain or consist of propylene, polyvinyl fluoride and/or ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene and/or a mixture and/or a copolymer thereof.
Besonders bevorzugt enthält die dritte Laminierschicht Ethylenvinylacetat oder Polyvinylbutyral, ganz besonders bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral. The third laminating layer particularly preferably contains ethylene vinyl acetate or polyvinyl butyral, very particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.
Das diffus reflektierende Element ist im Allgemeinen transparent. Es dient als Projektionsfläche zur Anzeige visueller Information. Die visuelle Information bzw. das Licht wird von einer bildgebenden Einheit, auch als Projektor bezeichnet, auf das diffus reflektierende Element geworfen. The diffusely reflective element is generally transparent. It serves as a projection surface for displaying visual information. The visual information or light is thrown onto the diffusely reflecting element by an imaging unit, also referred to as a projector.
Solche diffus reflektierenden Elemente und deren Funktionsweise sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. Das diffus reflektierende Element zeigt insbesondere eine Reflexion im sichtbaren Spektrum, wobei gewöhnlich lokal ein anderer Brechungsindex als bei Glas oder PVB vorliegt.Such diffusely reflecting elements and their mode of operation are known per se to a person skilled in the art. In particular, the diffusely reflecting element shows a reflection in the visible spectrum, with a locally different refractive index usually being present than with glass or PVB.
Das diffus reflektierende Element enthält beispielsweise eine diffus reflektierende interne Oberfläche mit einer diffus reflektierenden Beschichtung. Die diffus reflektierende Beschichtung umfasst bevorzugt Nanopartikel oder Mikropartikel wie Siliziumdioxidpartikel, polymere Partikel oder Flüssigkristalle. Alternativ dazu können auch Metall- oder Metalloxidpartikel verwendet werden. Insbesondere weisen die genannten Nanopartikel oder Mikropartikel eine Kugelform auf und/oder sind transparent oder durchscheinend. Insbesondere haben sich diffus reflektierende Elemente mit einer diffus reflektierenden Beschichtung umfassend Titanoxidpartikel (TiOx-Partikel) oder Silberpartikel als vorteilhaft erwiesen. In gleicher Weise sind diffus reflektierende Elemente mit organischen diffus reflektierenden Beschichtungen enthaltend cholesterische Flüssigkristalle sehr gut geeignet, um eine gute Bildqualität zu gewährleisten. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst diffus reflektierende Element cholesterische Flüssigkristalle, die in einer Matrix orientiert sind. Ein mögliches Beispiel eines diffus reflektierenden Elements ist in WO 2017/204103 A1 beschrieben, wobei das Element zufällig dispergierte cholesterische Flüssigkristall-Tropfen umfasst, die durch eine im Brechungsindex angepasste Schicht abgedeckt sind. Die cholesterischen Flüssigkristalltropfen haben im Wesentlichen die Form einer Halbkugel, deren Radius von dem Kontaktwinkel zwischen Folie und Tropfen abhängig ist. Eine Wellenlängenselektivität des diffus reflektierenden Elements ist ebenso möglich, wie beispielsweise in WO 2016/175183 A1 beschrieben. For example, the diffusely reflective element includes a diffusely reflective internal surface with a diffusely reflective coating. The diffusely reflecting coating preferably comprises nanoparticles or microparticles such as silicon dioxide particles, polymeric particles or liquid crystals. Alternatively, metal or metal oxide particles can also be used. In particular, the nanoparticles or microparticles mentioned have a spherical shape and/or are transparent or translucent. In particular, diffusely reflecting elements with a diffusely reflecting coating comprising titanium oxide particles (TiOx particles) or silver particles have proven to be advantageous. In the same way, diffusely reflecting elements with organic diffusely reflecting coatings containing cholesteric liquid crystals are very well suited to ensure good image quality. In a particularly preferred embodiment, diffusely reflecting elements comprise cholesteric liquid crystals oriented in a matrix. A possible example of a diffusely reflecting element is described in WO 2017/204103 A1, the element comprising randomly dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal droplets covered by a refractive index-matched layer. The cholesteric liquid crystal droplets essentially have the shape of a hemisphere, the radius of which depends on the contact angle between the film and the droplet. A wavelength selectivity of the diffusely reflecting element is also possible, as described for example in WO 2016/175183 A1.
Wenn eine Oberfläche des diffus reflektierenden Elements eine zufällige Nanostruktur oder Mikrostruktur umfasst, so ist bevorzugt eine andere Oberfläche des diffus reflektierenden Elements glatt.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das diffus reflektierende Element eine strukturierte Kunststofffolie, wobei diese mehrere strukturierte Oberflächen umfasst und die Eigenschaften des diffus reflektierenden Elements über die Steigung der Kontaktflächen zwischen benachbarten strukturierten Schichten bestimmt wird. Beispielhafte Ausführungsformen und Methoden zur Strukturierung der Schichten des diffus reflektierenden Elements sind in WO 2012/104547 A1 beschrieben. Im Vergleich zu den partikelbasierten diffus reflektierenden Elementen ist bei den strukturierten diffus reflektierenden Elementen häufig eine geringere Trübung und ein besserer Leuchtdichtefaktor (auch als „Screen Gain“ bezeichnet) zu erreichen. If one surface of the diffusely reflective element comprises a random nanostructure or microstructure, then preferably another surface of the diffusely reflective element is smooth. In a further preferred embodiment, the diffusely reflecting element comprises a structured plastic film, which comprises a plurality of structured surfaces and the properties of the diffusely reflecting element are determined via the incline of the contact areas between adjacent structured layers. Exemplary embodiments and methods for structuring the layers of the diffusely reflecting element are described in WO 2012/104547 A1. Compared to the particle-based diffusely reflecting elements, the structured diffusely reflecting elements often achieve less haze and a better luminance factor (also referred to as "screen gain").
Geeignete diffus reflektierende Elemente sind kommerziell erhältlich. Suitable diffusely reflecting elements are commercially available.
Diffus reflektierende Elemente weisen bevorzugt im sichtbaren Bereich eine Reflexion von mehr als 30 % auf. Diffusely reflecting elements preferably have a reflection of more than 30% in the visible range.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das diffus reflektierende Element als eine Substratschicht mit einer passiven Beschichtung, als ein transparentes Schichtelement mit diffusem Reflexionsvermögen, als reflektierendes Substrat mit Struktur oder als eine Substratschicht mit reflektierender metallischer Beschichtung ausgebildet. In a preferred embodiment, the diffusely reflecting element is formed as a substrate layer with a passive coating, as a transparent layer element with diffuse reflectivity, as a reflective substrate with structure, or as a substrate layer with reflective metallic coating.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform umfasst das diffus reflektierende Element eine Substratschicht, die eine passive Beschichtung aufweist und die passive Beschichtung ist ausgewählt aus einer Flüssigkristallbeschichtung oder einer diffus reflektierenden Beschichtung. Bei der Flüssigkristallbeschichtung handelt es sich insbesondere um eine cholesterische Flüssigkristallbeschichtung. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the diffusely reflective element comprises a substrate layer having a passive coating, and the passive coating is selected from a liquid crystal coating or a diffusely reflective coating. The liquid crystal coating is in particular a cholesteric liquid crystal coating.
Die Substratschicht kann z.B. eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,03 bis 0,2 mm, bevorzugt 0,05 bis 0,2 mm, aufweisen, insbesondere wenn die Funktionsbeschichtung eine Flüssigkristallbeschichtung, insbesondere eine cholesterische Flüssigkristallbeschichtung ist.The substrate layer can, for example, have a thickness in the range from 0.03 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.05 to 0.2 mm, in particular when the functional coating is a liquid crystal coating, in particular a cholesteric liquid crystal coating.
Die Substratschicht ist bevorzugt Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Cellulosetriacetat (TAC), Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Ethylen-Vinylacetat-Copolymer (EVA), Polyethylentere- phthalat (PET), Polyethylen (PE), Polyamid (PA) oder Polycarbonat (PC) enthält oder daraus besteht. Die Substratschicht ist insbesondere als eine Folie ausgebildet. The substrate layer preferably contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB), cellulose triacetate (TAC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA) or polycarbonate (PC). or consists of it. The substrate layer is designed in particular as a film.
Das diffus reflektierende Element weist bevorzugt eine Gesamtdicke im Bereich von 0,035 bis 0,3 mm, auf, insbesondere wenn es sich um eine Flüssigkristallanzeige, bevorzugt cholesterische Flüssigkristallanzeige, handelt.
In einer Ausführungsform erstrecken sich das elektrochrome Funktionselement und/oder das diffus reflektierende Element über mindestens 5 %, bevorzugt über mindestens 10 %, besonders bevorzugt über mindestens 50 %, ganz besonders über mindestens 90 % der Fläche der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe. Es versteht sich, dass auch in diesen Ausführungsformen die Maßgabe gilt, dass das diffus reflektierende Element vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement überlappt. The diffusely reflecting element preferably has a total thickness in the range from 0.035 to 0.3 mm, in particular when it is a liquid crystal display, preferably a cholesteric liquid crystal display. In one embodiment, the electrochromic functional element and/or the diffusely reflecting element extend over at least 5%, preferably over at least 10%, particularly preferably over at least 50%, especially over at least 90% of the surface of the laminated pane according to the invention. It goes without saying that the proviso also applies in these embodiments that the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement kann sich auch vollflächig über die gesamte Verbundscheibe oder im Wesentlichen vollflächig, d.h. vollflächig abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereichs von beispielsweise 20 mm, der in der Regel von einem rahmenartigen dunklen Abdeckdruck verdeckt ist, erstrecken. Eine vollflächige oder im Wesentlichen vollflächige Anordnung des elektrochromen Funktionselements bietet Vorteile bei der Fertigung. The electrochromic functional element can also extend over the entire surface of the composite pane or essentially over the entire surface, i.e. the entire surface minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm, which is usually covered by a frame-like dark masking print. A full-area or essentially full-area arrangement of the electrochromic functional element offers advantages in production.
In den Ausführungsformen, in denen sich das elektrochrome Funktionselement sich vollflächig oder im Wesentlichen vollflächig über die gesamte Verbundscheibe erstreckt, kann sich auch das diffus reflektierende Element vollflächig oder im Wesentlichen vollflächig über die gesamte Verbundscheibe erstrecken. Es versteht sich, dass auch in diesen Ausführungsformen die Maßgabe gilt, dass das diffus reflektierende Element vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement überlappt. In the embodiments in which the electrochromic functional element extends over the entire surface or essentially over the entire surface of the composite pane, the diffusely reflecting element can also extend over the entire surface or essentially over the entire surface of the composite pane. It goes without saying that the proviso also applies in these embodiments that the diffusely reflecting element completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element.
In einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe ist das diffus reflektierende Element in einem Randbereich der Verbundscheibe angeordnet. Dabei kann es sich beispielsweise um einen seitlichen Randbereich, einen oberen Randbereich oder einen unteren Randbereich handeln. In one embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention, the diffusely reflecting element is arranged in an edge area of the laminated pane. This can be, for example, a lateral edge area, an upper edge area or a lower edge area.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das diffus reflektierende Element in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe deckungsgleich mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement angeordnet. Das diffus reflektierende Element und das elektrochrome Funktionselement haben somit die gleichen äußeren Abmessungen. In a preferred embodiment, the diffusely reflecting element is arranged congruently with the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane. The diffusely reflecting element and the electrochromic functional element therefore have the same external dimensions.
Die äußeren Abmessungen des elektrochromen Funktionselements sind in einer Ausführungsform größer als die äußeren Abmessungen des diffus reflektierenden Elements.In one embodiment, the external dimensions of the electrochromic functional element are greater than the external dimensions of the diffusely reflecting element.
Es versteht sich, dass mit äußeren Abmessungen die Abmessungen gemeint sind, welche die Fläche eines Elements bestimmen. Die äußeren Abmessungen schließen die Dicke des elektrochromen Funktionselements und des diffus reflektierenden Elements nicht ein. Die Dicke des elektrochromen Funktionselements und des diffus reflektierenden Elements können sich unterscheiden, auch wenn die äußeren Abmessungen dieser gleich sind.
In einer Ausführungsform sind die Außenscheibe und/oder die erste Laminierschicht und/oder die dritte Laminierschicht getönt oder gefärbt. It is understood that external dimensions mean the dimensions that determine the area of an element. The outer dimensions do not include the thickness of the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element. The thickness of the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element can differ, even if the outer dimensions of these are the same. In one embodiment, the outer pane and/or the first laminating layer and/or the third laminating layer are tinted or colored.
Bevorzugt sind die Außenscheibe und/oder die erste Laminierschicht und/oder die dritte Laminierschicht schwarz getönt oder schwarz gefärbt. The outer pane and/or the first laminating layer and/or the third laminating layer are preferably tinted or colored black.
In den Ausführungsformen einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, in denen die Außenscheibe und/oder die erste Laminierschicht und/oder die dritte Laminierschicht getönt oder gefärbt ist, weist die Verbundscheibe in dem Durchsichtsbereich, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist, während das elektrochrome Funktionselement aktiviert ist und sich somit in einem dunklen Zustand befindet insbesondere eine Lichttransmission von weniger als 6 %, beispielsweise 0,6 % oder 0,3 % auf und während das elektrochrome Funktionselement nicht aktiviert ist insbesondere eine Lichttransmission von mindestens 6 %, bis zu 70 % auf, beispielsweise 10 %. In the embodiments of a laminated pane according to the invention, in which the outer pane and/or the first laminating layer and/or the third laminating layer is tinted or tinted, the laminated pane has in the see-through area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged while the electrochromic functional element is activated and is therefore in a dark state, in particular a light transmission of less than 6%, for example 0.6% or 0.3% and while the electrochromic functional element is not activated, in particular a light transmission of at least 6%, up to 70%, for example 10%
In den Ausführungsformen einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe, in denen die Außenscheibe und/oder die erste Laminierschicht und/oder die dritte Laminierschicht weder getönt noch gefärbt ist, weist die Verbundscheibe in dem Durchsichtsbereich, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement angeordnet ist, während das elektrochrome Funktionselement aktiviert ist und sich somit in einem dunklen Zustand befindet insbesondere eine Lichttransmission von weniger als 15 %, beispielsweise 1 % auf und während das elektrochrome Funktionselement nicht aktiviert ist insbesondere eine Lichttransmission von mehr als 30 % bis zu 70%, beispielsweise 31 % auf. In the embodiments of a laminated pane according to the invention, in which the outer pane and/or the first laminating layer and/or the third laminating layer is neither tinted nor colored, the laminated pane has in the see-through area in which the electrochromic functional element is arranged while the electrochromic functional element is activated and is therefore in a dark state, in particular a light transmission of less than 15%, for example 1%, and while the electrochromic functional element is not activated, in particular a light transmission of more than 30% up to 70%, for example 31%.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement ist ein Element, welches schalt- oder regelbare optische Eigenschaften besitzt. Über das Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung kann die Transmission von Licht aktiv beeinflusst werden. Eingebaut in die Verbundscheibe kann ein Benutzer beispielsweise von einem transparenten in einen nicht transparenten Zustand der Verbundscheibe schalten. Es sind auch Abstufungen zwischen Transparenz und Opazität (Lichtundurchlässigkeit) möglich. Solche elektrochromen Funktionselemente und deren Funktionsweise sind dem Fachmann an sich bekannt. The electrochromic functional element is an element which has switchable or controllable optical properties. The transmission of light can be actively influenced by applying an electrical voltage. Installed in the laminated pane, a user can, for example, switch the laminated pane from a transparent to a non-transparent state. Gradations between transparency and opacity (opaqueness) are also possible. Such electrochromic functional elements and their mode of operation are known per se to a person skilled in the art.
Im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung bedeutet "transparent" eine Durchlässigkeit für sichtbares Licht von mehr als 30% und insbesondere von mehr als 60%, beispielsweise mehr als 70%. Entsprechend bedeutet "opak" eine Lichttransmission von weniger als 15 %, bevorzugt weniger als 10 %, besonders bevorzugt weniger als 5% und insbesondere 0%.
Geeignete elektrochrome Funktionselemente, welche die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe aufweisen kann, sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Diese können beispielsweise wie in US 5321544, US 5404244, US 7372610 B2, US 7593154 B2, WO 2012/007334 A1 , WO 2017/102900 A1 oder US 20120026573 A1 offenbart aufgebaut sein. In the context of the present invention, "transparent" means a transmission for visible light of more than 30% and in particular of more than 60%, for example more than 70%. Correspondingly, "opaque" means a light transmission of less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, particularly preferably less than 5% and in particular 0%. Suitable electrochromic functional elements which the laminated pane according to the invention can have are known to the person skilled in the art. These can be constructed, for example, as disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,321,544, US Pat. No. 5,404,244, US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2, US Pat.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement umfasst vorzugsweise in folgender Reihenfolge: The electrochromic functional element preferably includes in the following order:
- eine erste Flächenelektrode, - a first surface electrode,
- eine Arbeitselektrode, - a working electrode,
- einen Elektrolyten, - an electrolyte,
- eine Gegenelektrode und - a counter electrode and
- eine zweite Flächenelektrode. - a second surface electrode.
Die erste Flächenelektrode und die zweite Flächenelektrode sind dafür vorgesehen mit einer Spannungsquelle elektrisch verbunden zu sein. Alle genannten Schichten sind vorzugsweise fest miteinander verbunden. Alle genannten Schichten sind vorzugsweise deckungsgleich zueinander angeordnet. The first surface electrode and the second surface electrode are intended to be electrically connected to a voltage source. All of the layers mentioned are preferably firmly connected to one another. All of the layers mentioned are preferably arranged congruently with one another.
Die Arbeitselektrode und die Gegenelektrode sind in der Lage reversibel Ladungen einzulagern. Die Oxidationszustände der Arbeitselektrode im eingelagerten und ausgelagerten Zustand unterscheiden sich dabei in ihrer Farbgebung, wobei einer dieser Zustände transparent ist. Die Einlagerungsreaktion ist über die von außen angelegte Potentialdifferenz steuerbar. Die über das elektrische Potential einstellbare opake Farbe des elektrochromen Funktionselement ist bevorzugt in einen Farbbereich von blau bis schwarz angesetzt, insbesondere ist die einstellbare Farbe schwarz. Der elektrische Potential bereich zum Wechseln zwischen Opazität und Transparenz des elektrochromen Funktionselementes liegt vorzugsweise bei 0 V bis 7 V und besonders bevorzugt bei 0,5 V bis 5 V. The working electrode and the counter-electrode are capable of reversibly storing charges. The oxidation states of the working electrode in the stored and stored state differ in their coloring, with one of these states being transparent. The storage reaction can be controlled via the externally applied potential difference. The opaque color of the electrochromic functional element, which can be set via the electrical potential, is preferably set in a color range from blue to black, in particular the adjustable color is black. The electrical potential range for changing between opacity and transparency of the electrochromic functional element is preferably 0 V to 7 V and particularly preferably 0.5 V to 5 V.
Die erste Flächenelektrode und die zweite Flächenelektrode sind bevorzugt transparent und elektrisch leitfähig. Sie enthalten bevorzugt zumindest ein Metall, eine Metalllegierung oder ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid (transparent conducting oxide, TCO). Die erste Flächenelektrode und die zweite Flächenelektrode enthalten besonders bevorzugt Silber, Gold, Kupfer, Nickel, Chrom, Wolfram, Graphit, Molybdän und/oder ein transparentes leitfähiges Oxid, bevorzugt Indium-Zinnoxid (ITO), Fluor-dotiertes Zinnoxid (Sn02:F), Antimon-dotiertes Zinnoxid, Aluminium-dotiertes Zinkoxid, Bor-dotiertes Zinkoxid oder Gallium-dotiertes Zinkoxid. The first surface electrode and the second surface electrode are preferably transparent and electrically conductive. They preferably contain at least one metal, one metal alloy or one transparent conducting oxide (transparent conducting oxide, TCO). The first flat electrode and the second flat electrode particularly preferably contain silver, gold, copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum and/or a transparent conductive oxide, preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (Sn0 2 :F ), antimony-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide, or gallium-doped zinc oxide.
Sind die erste Flächenelektrode und/oder die zweite Flächenelektrode auf Basis eines Metalls ausgebildet, weisen sie vorzugsweise eine Gesamtschichtdicke von jeweils 1 nm bis 50 nm,
bevorzugt 2 nm bis 30 nm, besonders bevorzugt 3 nm bis 15 nm auf. Sind die erste Flächenelektrode und/oder die zweite Flächenelektrode auf Basis eines transparenten leitfähigen Oxides ausgebildet, weisen sie vorzugsweise eine Gesamtdicke von 20 nm bis 2 pm, besonders bevorzugt von 50 nm bis 1 pm, ganz besonders bevorzugt von 100 nm bis 600 nm und insbesondere von 300 nm bis 500 nm auf. Damit werden eine vorteilhafte elektrische Kontaktierung der Arbeitselektrode und Gegenelektrode sowie eine gute horizontale Leitfähigkeit der Schichten erreicht. If the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode are based on a metal, they preferably have a total layer thickness of 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably 2 nm to 30 nm, particularly preferably 3 nm to 15 nm. If the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode is based on a transparent conductive oxide, they preferably have a total thickness of 20 nm to 2 μm, particularly preferably 50 nm to 1 μm, very particularly preferably 100 nm to 600 nm and in particular from 300 nm to 500 nm. This achieves advantageous electrical contacting of the working electrode and counterelectrode and good horizontal conductivity of the layers.
Ist etwas „auf Basis“ eines Materials ausgebildet, so besteht es mehrheitlich aus diesem Material, insbesondere im Wesentlichen aus diesem Material neben etwaigen Verunreinigungen oder Dotierungen. If something is designed “on the basis” of a material, then it mainly consists of this material, in particular essentially of this material in addition to any impurities or dopings.
Der Schichtwiderstand der ersten Flächenelektrode und der zweiten Flächenelektrode beträgt in Summe bevorzugt 0,01 Ohm/Quadrat bis 100 Ohm/Quadrat, besonders bevorzugt Ohm/Quadrat bis 20 Ohm/Quadrat, ganz besonders bevorzugt 0,5 Ohm/Quadrat bis 5 Ohm/Quadrat. In diesem Bereich ist ein hinreichend großer Stromfluss zwischen den Elektroden des elektrochromen Funktionselementes sichergestellt, der eine optimale Funktionsweise der Arbeitselektrode und Gegenelektrode ermöglicht. The total layer resistance of the first flat electrode and the second flat electrode is preferably 0.01 ohms/square to 100 ohms/square, particularly preferably ohms/square to 20 ohms/square, very particularly preferably 0.5 ohms/square to 5 ohms/square . In this area, a sufficiently large current flow between the electrodes of the electrochromic functional element is ensured, which enables optimal functioning of the working electrode and counter-electrode.
Die Arbeitselektrode kann auf Basis eines anorganischen oder organischen Materials ausgebildet sein. Die Arbeitselektrode ist vorzugsweise auf Basis von Wolframoxid ausgebildet kann jedoch auch auf Basis von Molybdän-, Titan- oder Nioboxid sowie Mischungen davon ausgebildet sein. Die Arbeitselektrode kann auch auf Basis von Polypyrrol, PEDOT (Poly-3,4- ethylendioxythiophen), und Polyanilin sowie Mischungen davon ausgebildet sein. Die Gegenelektrode kann beispielsweise auf Basis von Titanoxid, Ceroxid, Eisen(lll)- hexacyanidoferrat(ll/lll) (Fe Fe(CN)6]3) und Nickeloxid ausgebildet sein sowie Mischungen davon. Der Elektrolyt ist ionenleitfähig und kann auf Basis einer Schicht von hydratisiertem Tantaloxid und einer Schicht von hydratisiertem Antimonoxid ausgebildet sein. Alternativ kann der Elektrolyt auch auf Basis eines Polymers, welches Lithiumionen enthält, ausgebildet sein oder auf Basis von Tantal(V)-oxid und/oder Zirconium(IV)-oxid ausgebildet sein. The working electrode can be based on an inorganic or organic material. The working electrode is preferably based on tungsten oxide, but can also be based on molybdenum, titanium or niobium oxide and mixtures thereof. The working electrode can also be based on polypyrrole, PEDOT (poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polyaniline and mixtures thereof. The counter-electrode can be formed, for example, on the basis of titanium oxide, cerium oxide, iron(III) hexacyanidoferrate(II/III) (Fe Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 ) and nickel oxide, as well as mixtures thereof. The electrolyte is ionically conductive and may be based on a layer of hydrated tantalum oxide and a layer of hydrated antimony oxide. Alternatively, the electrolyte can also be based on a polymer that contains lithium ions or be based on tantalum(V) oxide and/or zirconium(IV) oxide.
In einer alternativen Ausführungsform enthält das elektrochrome Funktionselement keinen Elektrolyten, wobei die Arbeitselektrode selbst als Elektrolyt fungiert. So kann beispielsweise Wolframoxid je nach Oxidationszustand die Funktion eines Elektrolyten übernehmen. Derartige Ausführungsformen sind beispielsweise in US 2014/0022621 A1 offenbart. Besonders sei auf Figur 4F der US 2014/0022621 A1 verwiesen.
In einer ganz besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst das elektrochrome Funktionselement außerdem eine erste Folie und eine zweite Folie. Die erste Flächenelektrode ist hierbei mit einer von der Arbeitselektrode abgewandten Fläche auf der ersten Folie angeordnet und die zweite Flächenelektrode ist mit einer von der Gegenelektrode abgewandten Fläche auf der zweiten Folie angeordnet. Die erste Folie und/oder die zweite Folie sind vorzugsweise transparent. Die erste Folie und/oder die zweite Folie sind vorzugsweise auf Basis von Polyethylenterephthalat ausgebildet. Die Gesamtschichtdicke des elektrochromen Funktionselementes beträgt für diese Ausführungsform vorzugsweise von 0,2 mm bis 0,5 mm.In an alternative embodiment, the electrochromic functional element contains no electrolyte, with the working electrode itself functioning as the electrolyte. For example, depending on the oxidation state, tungsten oxide can assume the function of an electrolyte. Such embodiments are disclosed, for example, in US 2014/0022621 A1. Particular reference is made to FIG. 4F of US 2014/0022621 A1. In a very special embodiment of the invention, the electrochromic functional element also includes a first film and a second film. The first surface electrode is arranged on the first foil with a surface facing away from the working electrode, and the second surface electrode is arranged on the second foil with a surface facing away from the counter-electrode. The first film and/or the second film are preferably transparent. The first film and/or the second film are preferably based on polyethylene terephthalate. The total layer thickness of the electrochromic functional element is preferably from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm for this embodiment.
Im aktivierten Zustand des elektrochromen Funktionselements ist die Transparenz des elektrochromen Funktionselementes herabgesetzt. Da in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe das diffus reflektierende Element räumlich vor dem elektrochromen Funktionselement angeordnet ist, weist das projizierte Bild, bei Aktivierung des elektrochromen Funktionselements insbesondere auch bei Einfall von Sonnenlicht, eine ausreichende Helligkeit auf und ist vom Betrachter gut erkennbar. In the activated state of the electrochromic functional element, the transparency of the electrochromic functional element is reduced. Since the diffusely reflecting element is arranged spatially in front of the electrochromic functional element in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane, the projected image has sufficient brightness when the electrochromic functional element is activated, especially when sunlight is incident, and can be easily recognized by the viewer.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe löst das Problem der hohen Anforderung an den Kontrast von Bildern, die auf der Verbundscheibe erzeugt werden, durch die Anwendung des Prinzips der diffusen Reflexion in Kombination mit einem elektrochromen Funktionselement, mit dem die optischen Eigenschaften der Scheibe gesteuert werden können. The laminated pane according to the invention solves the problem of the high contrast requirement of images generated on the laminated pane by using the principle of diffuse reflection in combination with an electrochromic functional element with which the optical properties of the pane can be controlled.
Dadurch wird ein höherer Kontrast für das erzeugte Bild erreicht, wenn mithilfe des elektrochromen Funktionselementes die Transparenz der Verbundscheibe reduziert wird. Die erforderliche Projektorleistung wird dadurch drastisch reduziert, was auch zu einer Verkleinerung des Projektors führen kann und somit den Einsatz auf begrenztem Raum, z.B. in Autos, ermöglicht. Da eine geringere Lichtmenge erforderlich ist, wird auch weniger Wärme erzeugt. Zudem sinkt der Energieverbrauch des Projektors, was sich positiv auf die Reichweite von insbesondere elektrischen Fahrzeugen auswirken kann. This achieves a higher contrast for the generated image when the transparency of the laminated pane is reduced with the aid of the electrochromic functional element. This drastically reduces the required projector power, which can also lead to a reduction in the size of the projector and thus enables it to be used in a limited space, e.g. in cars. Because less light is required, less heat is generated. In addition, the energy consumption of the projector decreases, which can have a positive effect on the range of electric vehicles in particular.
Darüber hinaus ermöglicht die Erfindung den Schutz der Privatsphäre der Benutzer von Bildanzeigen auf Basis diffus reflektierender Elemente. Durch das Einstellen der optischen Eigenschaft, d.h. der Transparenz, der Scheibe durch das elektrochrome Funktionselement können Fußgänger außerhalb des Fahrzeugs die auf der Verbundscheibe angezeigten Bilder nicht sehen. Zudem vermeidet die Kombination von einem elektrochromen Funktionselement und einem diffus reflektierenden Element die Blendung von Fußgängern, die durch durchgelassene Lichtstrahlen des Projektors verursacht werden können.
Die Erfindung stellt eine Kombination aus einem elektrochromen Funktionselement und einem diffus reflektierenden Element in einem Verbundglas dar. Diese Kombination ermöglicht eine Sichtschutzfunktion für Display-Anwendungen, die auf dem Prinzip diffus reflektierender Elemente basieren, wenn das elektrochrome Funktionselement aktiviert wird und somit die Menge des durchgelassenen Lichts reduziert wird. Dies hilft, diffuse Reflexionen des diffus reflektierenden Elements für Anwendungen wie z.B. transparente Bildschirme zu nutzen, die für Personen außerhalb des Autos nicht sichtbar sind. Darüber hinaus erhöht ein schaltbarer Hintergrund in Form eines elektrochromen Funktionselements den Kontrast des erzeugten Bildes. Dies trägt dazu bei, dass die Anforderungen an den Projektor reduziert und/oder der sichtbare Bereich vergrößert werden kann. In addition, the invention enables protection of the privacy of users of image displays based on diffusely reflective elements. By adjusting the optical property, ie the transparency, of the pane using the electrochromic functional element, pedestrians outside the vehicle cannot see the images displayed on the composite pane. In addition, the combination of an electrochromic functional element and a diffusely reflecting element prevents pedestrians from being dazzled by the light beams let through by the projector. The invention represents a combination of an electrochromic functional element and a diffusely reflecting element in a laminated glass. This combination enables a privacy function for display applications based on the principle of diffusely reflecting elements when the electrochromic functional element is activated and thus the amount of the transmitted light is reduced. This helps exploit diffuse reflections from the diffuse reflective element for applications such as transparent screens that are not visible to people outside the car. In addition, a switchable background in the form of an electrochromic functional element increases the contrast of the generated image. This helps to reduce projector requirements and/or increase the viewable area.
Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe können flache oder gebogene Scheiben sein. Die Scheiben können aus anorganischem Glas und/oder organischem Glas (Kunststoff) sein. Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe können z.B. unabhängig voneinander aus Flachglas, Quarzglas, Borosilikatglas, Kalk-Natron-Glas, Aluminosilikatglas, Polycarbonat und/oder Polymethacrylat sein. Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe sind bevorzugt aus Kalk-Natron- Glas. Die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe weisen z.B. unabhängig voneinander eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,4 bis 5,0 mm, z.B. 1 bis 3 mm, bevorzugter 1 ,6 bis 2,5 mm, auf. The outer pane and the inner pane can be flat or curved panes. The panes can be made of inorganic glass and/or organic glass (plastic). The outer pane and the inner pane can, for example, independently of one another, be made of flat glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, polycarbonate and/or polymethacrylate. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably made of soda-lime glass. The outer pane and the inner pane have, for example, independently of one another, a thickness in the range from 0.4 to 5.0 mm, for example 1 to 3 mm, more preferably 1.6 to 2.5 mm.
Die Außenscheibe und/oder die Innenscheibe können weitere geeignete, an sich bekannte Beschichtungen aufweisen, z.B. Antihaftbeschichtungen, getönte Beschichtungen, Antireflexbeschichtungen, Antikratzbeschichtungen oder Low-E-Beschichtungen. The outer pane and/or the inner pane can have other suitable coatings known per se, e.g. non-stick coatings, tinted coatings, anti-reflective coatings, anti-scratch coatings or low-E coatings.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe umfasst wie oben beschrieben eine erste Laminierschicht, eine zweite Laminierschicht und optional eine dritte Laminierschicht. Die Laminierschichten können bzgl. Zusammensetzung und/oder Dicke gleich oder verschieden sein. Die Laminierschichten können durch handelsübliche Laminierfolien gebildet werden. Sie dienen zur Verklebung bzw. Laminierung der Komponenten der Verbundscheibe. Durch die Laminierschichten werden die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe miteinander verbunden und das elektrochrome Funktionselement und das diffus reflektierende Element in die Verbundscheibe laminiert. As described above, the laminated pane according to the invention comprises a first laminating layer, a second laminating layer and optionally a third laminating layer. The laminating layers may be the same or different in composition and/or thickness. The laminating layers can be formed by commercially available laminating films. They are used for bonding or laminating the components of the laminated pane. The outer pane and the inner pane are connected to one another by the laminating layers and the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element are laminated into the composite pane.
Die Dicke der ersten Laminierschicht, der zweiten Laminierschicht und der dritten Laminierschicht kann unabhängig voneinander zwischen 30 pm (Mikrometer) und 2 mm betragen, beispielsweise 50 pm, 0,38 mm oder 0,76 mm.
Es ist insbesondere von Vorteil, wenn die erste Laminierschicht, d.h. die Laminierschicht, die zwischen dem elektrochromen Funktionselement und diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet ist, eine Dicke im Bereich von 30 bis 200 pm, bevorzugt 30 bis 150 pm, bevorzugter 30 bis 100 pm, aufweist. Auf diese Weise kann der Abstand zwischen Funktionselement und diffus reflektierendem Element klein gehalten werden, wodurch Geisterbilder vermieden werden können. Die erste Laminierschicht und die zweite Laminierschicht weisen unabhängig voneinander bevorzugt eine Dicke im Bereich von 30 bis 200 pm, z.B. 50 pm, auf. Die dritte Laminierschicht weist, sofern vorhanden, bevorzugt eine Dicke im Bereich von 0,3 bis 1 mm auf. The thickness of the first laminating layer, the second laminating layer and the third laminating layer can independently be between 30 µm (microns) and 2 mm, for example 50 µm, 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm. It is particularly advantageous if the first laminating layer, ie the laminating layer arranged between the electrochromic functional element and the diffusely reflecting element, has a thickness in the range from 30 to 200 μm, preferably 30 to 150 μm, more preferably 30 to 100 μm . In this way, the distance between the functional element and the diffusely reflecting element can be kept small, as a result of which ghost images can be avoided. The first laminating layer and the second laminating layer, independently of one another, preferably have a thickness in the range from 30 to 200 μm, for example 50 μm. If present, the third laminating layer preferably has a thickness in the range of 0.3 to 1 mm.
In den Ausführungsformen, in denen sich das elektrochrome Funktionselement nicht vollflächig über die gesamte Verbundscheibe erstreckt, kann die Verbundscheibe optional eine vierte Laminierschicht mit einer Aussparung, in welcher das elektrochrome Funktionselement aufgenommen ist, aufweisen. In diesen Ausführungsformen ist das elektrochrome Funktionselement somit rahmenartig von der vierten Laminierschicht umgegeben. In the embodiments in which the electrochromic functional element does not extend over the entire surface of the composite pane, the composite pane can optionally have a fourth lamination layer with a recess in which the electrochromic functional element is accommodated. In these embodiments, the electrochromic functional element is thus surrounded by the fourth laminating layer in the manner of a frame.
In den Ausführungsformen, in denen sich das diffus reflektierende Element nicht vollflächig über die gesamte Verbundscheibe erstreckt, kann die Verbundscheibe optional eine fünfte Laminierschicht mit einer Aussparung, in welcher das diffus reflektierende Element aufgenommen ist, aufweisen. In diesen Ausführungsformen ist das diffus reflektierende Element somit rahmenartig von der fünften Laminierschicht umgegeben. In the embodiments in which the diffusely reflecting element does not extend over the entire surface of the composite pane, the composite pane can optionally have a fifth lamination layer with a recess in which the diffusely reflecting element is accommodated. In these embodiments, the diffusely reflecting element is thus surrounded by the fifth laminating layer in the manner of a frame.
Die vierte Laminierschicht und die fünfte Laminierschicht können unabhängig voneinander eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht sein. Sie können unabhängig voneinander z.B. Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Ethylenvinylacetat, Polyurethan, Polypropylen, Polyacrylat, Polyethylen, Polycarbonat, Polymethylmetacrylat, Polyvinylchlorid, Polyacetatharz, Gießharz, Acrylat, fluoriniertes Ethylen-Propylen, Polyvinylfluorid und/oder Ethylen-Tetrafluorethylen und/oder ein Gemisch und/oder ein Copolymer davon enthalten oder daraus bestehen. The fourth laminating layer and the fifth laminating layer can independently be a thermoplastic intermediate layer. They can be, independently of one another, e.g /or contain or consist of a copolymer thereof.
Die Dicke der vierten Laminierschicht entspricht der Dicke des elektrochromen Funktionselements und die Dicke der fünften Laminerschicht entspricht der Dicke des diffus reflektierenden Elements. The thickness of the fourth laminating layer corresponds to the thickness of the electrochromic functional element and the thickness of the fifth laminating layer corresponds to the thickness of the diffusely reflecting element.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Projektionsanordnung umfassend eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe und mindestens einen Projektor, der von innen auf das diffus reflektierende Element gerichtet ist zur Erzeugung eines realen Bildes in der Ebene der Verbundscheibe.
Die vorstehend beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe gelten entsprechend auch für die Projektionsanordnung umfassend eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe. The invention also relates to a projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention and at least one projector which is directed from the inside onto the diffusely reflecting element in order to generate a real image in the plane of the composite pane. The preferred configurations of the composite pane according to the invention described above also apply correspondingly to the projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe wie vorstehend beschrieben, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte umfasst: a) Bereitstellen einer Außenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, eines elektrochromen Funktionselements, einer ersten Laminierschicht, eines diffus reflektierenden Elements, einer zweiten Laminierschicht und einer Innenscheibe mit einer Außenfläche und einer Innenfläche, b) Bilden eines Schichtenstapels, in dem das diffus reflektierende Element zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet ist, die erste Laminierschicht zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet ist, die zweite Laminierschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet ist, das elektrochrome Funktionselement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der ersten Laminierschicht angeordnet ist und das diffus reflektierende Element vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement überlappt, c) Verbinden des Schichtenstapels durch Lamination. The invention also relates to a method for producing a composite pane according to the invention as described above, the method comprising the following steps: a) providing an outer pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, an electrochromic functional element, a first laminating layer, a diffusely reflecting element, a second Laminating layer and an inner pane with an outer surface and an inner surface, b) forming a layer stack in which the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first lamination layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, the second lamination layer is between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element is arranged, the electrochromic functional element is arranged between the outer pane and the first laminating layer and the diffusely reflecting element completely with the electrochromic Functional element overlaps, c) connecting the stack of layers by lamination.
Dadurch, dass in Schritt b) ein Schichtenstapel gebildet wird, in dem das diffus reflektierende Element zwischen der Außenscheibe und der Innenscheibe angeordnet, die erste Laminierschicht ist zwischen der Außenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet, die zweite Laminierschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe und dem diffus reflektierenden Element angeordnet und das elektrochrome Funktionselement zwischen der Außenscheibe und der ersten Laminierschicht angeordnet ist, ist somit in dem Schichtenstapel das diffus reflektierende Element in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe räumlich vor dem elektrochromen Funktionselement angeordnet. Because a layer stack is formed in step b), in which the diffusely reflecting element is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, the first laminating layer is arranged between the outer pane and the diffusely reflecting element, and the second laminating layer is arranged between the inner pane and the diffusely reflecting element Element is arranged and the electrochromic functional element is arranged between the outer pane and the first laminating layer, the diffusely reflecting element is thus spatially arranged in front of the electrochromic functional element in the layer stack in the direction of view from the inner pane to the outer pane.
Durch die Lamination erfolgt die Verklebung der Komponenten unter Bildung der Verbundscheibe. Die Laminierung erfolgt im Allgemeinen in einem Autoklaven. The lamination causes the components to be bonded together to form the laminated pane. Lamination is generally done in an autoclave.
Soll die Verbundscheibe gebogen sein, so werden die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe bevorzugt vor der Lamination einem Biegeprozess unterzogen. Bevorzugt werden die Außenscheibe und die Innenscheibe gemeinsam (d.h. zeitgleich und durch dasselbe Werkzeug) kongruent gebogen, weil dadurch die Form der Scheiben für die später erfolgende
Laminierung optimal aufeinander abgestimmt sind. Typische Temperaturen für Glasbiegeprozesse betragen beispielsweise 500°C bis 700°C. If the composite pane is to be curved, the outer pane and the inner pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination. The outer pane and the inner pane are preferably bent congruently together (ie at the same time and using the same tool), because this changes the shape of the panes for the later lamination are optimally matched to each other. Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example.
Die Lamination des Schichtenstapels kann mittels geläufiger Laminationsverfahren erfolgen. Es können beispielsweise sogenannte Autoklavverfahren bei einem erhöhten Druck von etwa 10 bar bis 15 bar und Temperaturen von 90 °C bis 100 °C über etwa 2 Stunden durchgeführt werden. Alternativ sind auch autoklavfreie Verfahren möglich. An sich bekannte Vakuumsack oder Vakuumringverfahren arbeiten beispielsweise bei etwa 200 mbar und 80 °C bis 100 °C. Der Schichtenstapel kann auch in einem Kalander zwischen mindestens einem Walzenpaar zu einer Verbundscheibe verpresst werden. Anlagen dieser Art sind zur Herstellung von Scheiben bekannt und verfügen normalerweise über mindestens einen Heiztunnel vor einem Presswerk. Die Temperatur während des Pressvorgangs beträgt beispielsweise von 40 °C bis 100 °C. Kombinationen von Kalander- und Autoklavverfahren haben sich in der Praxis besonders bewährt. Alternativ können Vakuumlaminatoren eingesetzt werden. Diese bestehen aus einer oder mehreren beheizbaren und evakuierbaren Kammern, in denen die erste Scheibe und die zweite Scheibe innerhalb von beispielsweise etwa 60 Minuten bei verminderten Drücken von 0,01 mbar bis 800 mbar und Temperaturen von 80 °C bis 100 °C laminiert werden. The layer stack can be laminated using common lamination processes. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 90° C. to 100° C. for about 2 hours. Alternatively, autoclave-free processes are also possible. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 100°C. The stack of layers can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 100°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within about 60 minutes, for example, at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 100 °C.
Die vorstehend beschriebenen bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe gelten entsprechend auch für Verfahren zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe. The preferred configurations of the laminated pane according to the invention described above also apply correspondingly to methods for producing a laminated pane according to the invention.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe als Innenverglasung oder Außenverglasung in einem Fahrzeug oder einem Gebäude, insbesondere als Fahrzeugscheibe in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr auf dem Land, in der Luft oder zu Wasser, insbesondere in Kraftfahrzeugen. The invention also relates to the use of a composite pane according to the invention as interior or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, in particular as a vehicle pane in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in motor vehicles.
Die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe wie vorstehend beschrieben ist bevorzugt in einem Fahrzeug oder einem Bauwerk montiert. Die Erfindung betrifft daher auch ein Fahrzeug oder Bauwerk, in dem eine erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe wie vorstehend beschrieben montiert ist. The composite pane according to the invention as described above is preferably mounted in a vehicle or a building. The invention therefore also relates to a vehicle or structure in which a composite pane according to the invention is mounted as described above.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Fahrzeug oder Bauwerk ein Fahrzeug, das ausgewählt ist aus Personenkraftfahrzeugen oder Transportfahrzeugen, wie z.B. Bussen, Reisebussen, Zügen, Straßenbahnen, Flugzeugen oder Schiffen.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Fahrzeug oder Bauwerk ein Bauwerk, wobei die Verbundscheibe als Fensterscheibe oder Trennscheibe montiert ist. Die Trennscheibe kann als Trennwand oder Anzeigeeinrichtung dienen. In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle or structure is a vehicle selected from passenger vehicles or transport vehicles, such as buses, coaches, trains, trams, airplanes or ships. In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle or structure is a structure, with the laminated pane being mounted as a window pane or partition pane. The cutting disc can serve as a partition or display device.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die erfindungsgemäße Verbundscheibe eine Heckscheibe, Seitenscheibe, Windschutzscheibe oder Dachscheibe, insbesondere eine Dachscheibe oder Seitenscheibe eines Fahrzeuges. In a preferred embodiment, the composite pane according to the invention is a rear window, side window, windshield or roof window, in particular a roof window or side window of a vehicle.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden mithilfe von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert, welche die Erfindung in keiner Weise einschränken sollen. Die beigefügten Figuren sind schematische Darstellungen und nicht maßstabsgetreu. The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments based on the attached figures, which are not intended to restrict the invention in any way. The accompanying figures are schematic representations and are not drawn to scale.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Fig. 1 den Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe,1 shows the cross section of an embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention,
Fig. 2 den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen2 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe, laminated pane,
Fig. 3 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe,3 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a laminated pane according to the invention,
Fig. 4 den Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 3 gezeigten Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie X‘-X, 4 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the composite pane shown in FIG. 3 along the section line X'-X,
Fig. 5 den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 3 gezeigtenFIG. 5 shows the cross-section of a further embodiment of that shown in FIG
Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie X‘-X, composite pane along the cutting line X'-X,
Fig. 6 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen6 shows a plan view of a further embodiment of one according to the invention
Verbundscheibe, laminated pane,
Fig. 7 den Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 6 gezeigten Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie Y‘-Y, Fig. 7 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the laminated pane shown in Fig. 6 along the section line Y'-Y,
Fig. 8 den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 6 gezeigtenFIG. 8 shows the cross-section of a further embodiment of that shown in FIG
Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie Y‘-Y, composite pane along the line of intersection Y'-Y,
Fig. 9 den Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements,9 shows the cross section of an embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element,
Fig. 10 den Querschnitt einerweiteren Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements,Fig. 10 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element.
Fig. 11 den Querschnitt einerweiteren Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements,
Fig. 12 den Querschnitt einerweiteren Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements, Fig. 13 ein Flussdiagramm des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Fig. 11 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element. Fig. 12 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element. Fig. 13 shows a flow diagram of the method according to the invention.
Fig. 1 zeigt den Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100. In der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform umfasst die Verbundscheibe 100 eine Außenscheibe 1 mit einer Außenfläche I und einer Innenfläche II, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement 2, eine erste Laminierschicht 3, ein diffus reflektierendes Element 4, eine zweite Laminierschicht 5 und eine Innenscheibe 6 mit einer Außenfläche III und einer Innenfläche IV. Fig. 1 shows the cross section of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the composite pane 100 comprises an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, an electrochromic functional element 2, a first laminating layer 3, a diffuse reflective element 4, a second laminating layer 5 and an inner pane 6 having an outer surface III and an inner surface IV.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 ist als eine Beschichtung der Innenfläche II der Außenscheibe 1 ausgebildet und beispielsweise wie in US 7372610 B2 beschrieben aufgebaut.The electrochromic functional element 2 is designed as a coating on the inner surface II of the outer pane 1 and is constructed, for example, as described in US Pat. No. 7,372,610 B2.
Das diffus reflektierende Element 4 ist zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der Innenscheibe 6 angeordnet, die erste Laminierschicht 3 ist zwischen dem elektrochromen Funktionselement 2 und dem diffus reflektierenden Element 4 angeordnet und die zweite Laminierschicht 5 ist zwischen dem diffus reflektierenden Element 4 und der Innenscheibe 6 angeordnet. Somit weist in der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform, die Verbundscheibe 100 die nachfolgende Schichtenabfolge auf: The diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 6, the first laminating layer 3 is arranged between the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 and the second laminating layer 5 is arranged between the diffusely reflecting element 4 and the inner pane 6 . Thus, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the laminated pane 100 has the following sequence of layers:
Außenscheibe 1 - elektrochromes Funktionselement 2 - erste Laminierschicht 3 - diffus reflektierendes Element 4 - zweite Laminierschicht 5 - Innenscheibe 6 Outer pane 1 - electrochromic functional element 2 - first laminating layer 3 - diffusely reflecting element 4 - second laminating layer 5 - inner pane 6
In der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform erstrecken sich das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 und das diffus reflektierende Element 4 über die gesamte Fläche der Verbundscheibe 100. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 extend over the entire surface of the laminated pane 100.
Die Außenscheibe 1 besteht beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas und ist 2,1 mm dick. Die Innenscheibe 6 besteht beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas und ist 1,6 mm dick. The outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner pane 6 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick.
Die erste Laminierschicht 3 und die zweite Laminierschicht 5 sind beispielsweise thermoplastische Zwischenschichten und bestehen beispielsweise aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und sind jeweils 0,38 mm dick. The first laminating layer 3 and the second laminating layer 5 are, for example, thermoplastic intermediate layers and consist, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and are each 0.38 mm thick.
Das diffus reflektierende Element kann in der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform beispielweise wie in den Fig. 9 bis 11 dargestellt aufgebaut sein.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100. In der in der Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform umfasst die Verbundscheibe 100 eine Außenscheibe 1 mit einer Außenfläche I und einer Innenfläche II, eine dritte Laminierschicht 7, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement 2, eine erste Laminierschicht 3, ein diffus reflektierendes Element 4, eine zweite Laminierschicht 5 und eine Innenscheibe 6 mit einer Außenfläche III und einer Innenfläche IV. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the diffusely reflecting element can be constructed, for example, as shown in FIGS. Fig. 2 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig first laminating layer 3, a diffusely reflecting element 4, a second laminating layer 5 and an inner pane 6 having an outer surface III and an inner surface IV.
Das diffus reflektierende Element 4 ist zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der Innenscheibe 6 angeordnet, das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 ist zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und dem diffus reflektierenden Element 4 angeordnet, die erste Laminierschicht 3 ist zwischen dem elektrochromen Funktionselement 2 und dem diffus reflektierenden Element 4 angeordnet, die dritte Laminierschicht 7 ist zwischen dem elektrochromen Funktionselement 2 und der Außenscheibe 1 angeordnet und die zweite Laminierschicht 5 ist zwischen dem diffus reflektierenden Element 4 und der Innenscheibe 6 angeordnet. The diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 6, the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the diffusely reflecting element 4, the first laminating layer 3 is arranged between the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 , the third laminating layer 7 is arranged between the electrochromic functional element 2 and the outer pane 1 and the second laminating layer 5 is arranged between the diffusely reflecting element 4 and the inner pane 6 .
Somit weist in der in der Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform, die Verbundscheibe 100 die nachfolgende Schichtenabfolge auf: Thus, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the laminated pane 100 has the following sequence of layers:
Außenscheibe 1 - dritte Laminierschicht 7 - elektrochromes Funktionselement 2 - erste Laminierschicht 3 - diffus reflektierendes Element 4 - zweite Laminierschicht 5 - Innenscheibe 6 Outer pane 1 - third laminating layer 7 - electrochromic functional element 2 - first laminating layer 3 - diffusely reflecting element 4 - second laminating layer 5 - inner pane 6
In der in der Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform erstrecken sich das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 und das diffus reflektierende Element 4 über die gesamte Fläche der Verbundscheibe 100. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 extend over the entire surface of the laminated pane 100.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 umfasst in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel beispielsweise in folgender Reihenfolge: eine erste PET-Folie, eine erste Flächenelektrode, eine Arbeitselektrode, einen Elektrolyten, eine Gegenelektrode, eine zweite Flächenelektrode und eine zweite PET-Folie Die Flächenelektroden sind beispielsweise dünne Schichten eines elektrisch leitfähigen Materials, welche Indium-Zinnoxid enthalten. Der ionenleitfähige Elektrolyt ist beispielsweise auf Basis einer Schicht von hydratisiertem Tantaloxid und einer Schicht von hydratisiertem Antimonoxid aufgebaut. Die Arbeitselektrode und die Gegenelektrode sind beispielsweise auf Basis eines organischen Polymers aufgebaut. In this exemplary embodiment, the electrochromic functional element 2 comprises, for example, in the following order: a first PET film, a first surface electrode, a working electrode, an electrolyte, a counter electrode, a second surface electrode and a second PET film. The surface electrodes are, for example, thin layers of an electrically conductive material Materials containing indium tin oxide. The ion-conductive electrolyte is constructed, for example, on the basis of a layer of hydrated tantalum oxide and a layer of hydrated antimony oxide. The working electrode and the counter-electrode are constructed on the basis of an organic polymer, for example.
Die Außenscheibe 1 besteht beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas und ist 2,1 mm dick. Die Innenscheibe 6 besteht beispielsweise aus Kalk-Natron-Glas und ist 1,6 mm dick.
Die erste Laminierschicht 3 und die zweite Laminierschicht 5 sind beispielsweise thermoplastische Zwischenschichten und bestehen beispielsweise aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB) und sind jeweils 0,38 mm dick. Die dritte Laminierschicht 7 ist beispielsweise eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht und ebenfalls 0,38 mm dick. The outer pane 1 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 2.1 mm thick. The inner pane 6 consists, for example, of soda-lime glass and is 1.6 mm thick. The first laminating layer 3 and the second laminating layer 5 are, for example, thermoplastic intermediate layers and consist, for example, of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and are each 0.38 mm thick. The third laminating layer 7 is, for example, a thermoplastic intermediate layer and is also 0.38 mm thick.
Das diffus reflektierende Element kann in der in der Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform beispielweise wie in den Fig. 9 bis 11 dargestellt aufgebaut sein. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the diffusely reflecting element can be constructed, for example, as shown in FIGS.
Fig. 3 zeigte eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100. Bei der in der Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei der Verbundscheibe 100 beispielsweise um eine Dachscheibe. In der Fig. 3 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen B der Bereich gekennzeichnet, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 angeordnet ist. Die gestrichelte Linie kennzeichnet die umlaufende Kante des elektrochromen Funktionselements 2. In der Fig. 3 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen A der Bereich gekennzeichnet, in dem das diffus reflektierende Element 4 angeordnet ist. Die gepunktete Linie kennzeichnet die umlaufende Seitenkante des diffus reflektierenden Elements 4. Das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 und das diffus reflektierende Element 4 sind in der in der Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe deckungsgleich angeordnet. FIG. 3 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the composite pane 100 is a roof pane, for example. The area in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged is identified by the reference symbol B in FIG. 3 . The dashed line marks the peripheral edge of the electrochromic functional element 2. In FIG. 3, the area in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged is marked with the reference symbol A. The dotted line marks the peripheral side edge of the diffusely reflecting element 4. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 are arranged congruently in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
In der Fig. 4 ist der Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 3 gezeigten Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie X‘-X dargestellt. FIG. 4 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 3 along the section line X'-X.
Die in der Fig. 4 im Querschnitt gezeigte Ausführungsform einer Verbundscheibe 100 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform nur dahingehend, dass das als Beschichtung der Innenfläche II der Außenscheibe 1 ausgebildete elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 sich nicht über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 erstreckt, sondern über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereiches von beispielsweise 20 mm. The embodiment of a laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. but over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm.
Ebenso erstreckt sich das diffus reflektierende Element 4 nicht über die gesamte Verbundscheibe 100, sondern über die gesamte Verbundscheibe 100 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereiches von beispielsweise 20 mm. Likewise, the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire composite pane 100, but rather over the entire composite pane 100 minus a peripheral edge region of, for example, 20 mm.
Zudem weist die Verbundscheibe 100 in der in der Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform im Gegensatz zu der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Ausführungsform eine vierte Laminierschicht 12 und eine fünfte Laminierschicht 13 auf. Die vierte Laminierschicht 12 weist eine Aussparung auf, in
die das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 aufgenommen ist, und die fünfte Laminierschicht 13 weist eine Aussparung auf, in die das diffus reflektierende Element 4 aufgenommen ist. In addition, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , the laminated pane 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 has a fourth lamination layer 12 and a fifth lamination layer 13 . The fourth laminating layer 12 has a recess in in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is accommodated, and the fifth laminating layer 13 has a recess in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is accommodated.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 ist somit in der in der Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform rahmenartig von der vierten Laminierschicht 12 umgegeben und das diffus reflektierende Element 4 ist in der in der Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform rahmenartig von der fünften Laminierschicht 13 umgeben. The electrochromic functional element 2 is thus surrounded by the fourth laminating layer 12 like a frame in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 is surrounded like a frame by the fifth laminating layer 13 in the embodiment shown in FIG.
Die vierte Laminierschicht 12 und die fünfte Laminierschicht 13 bestehen beispielsweise aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB). Die Dicke der vierten Laminierschicht 12 entspricht der Dicke des elektrochromen Funktionselements 2 und die Dicke der fünften Laminierschicht 13 entspricht der Dicke des diffus reflektierenden Elements 4. Der Einsatz einer vierten Laminierschicht 12 und einer fünften Laminierschicht 13 ist optional. Es ist auch möglich, dass die erste Laminerschicht 3 bzw. die zweite Laminierschicht 5 das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 bzw. das diffus reflektierende Element 4 nach der Lamination auch seitlich umgeben. The fourth laminating layer 12 and the fifth laminating layer 13 are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), for example. The thickness of the fourth laminating layer 12 corresponds to the thickness of the electrochromic functional element 2 and the thickness of the fifth laminating layer 13 corresponds to the thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4. The use of a fourth laminating layer 12 and a fifth laminating layer 13 is optional. It is also possible for the first laminating layer 3 or the second laminating layer 5 to also laterally surround the electrochromic functional element 2 or the diffusely reflecting element 4 after the lamination.
In der Fig. 5 ist der Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 3 gezeigten Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie X‘-X dargestellt. FIG. 5 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 3 along the section line X'-X.
Die in der Fig. 5 im Querschnitt gezeigte Ausführungsform einer Verbundscheibe 100 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform nur dahingehend, dass das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 sich nicht über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 erstreckt, sondern über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereiches von beispielsweise 20 mm. The embodiment of a composite pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 only in that the electrochromic functional element 2 does not extend over the entire outer pane 1, but rather over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral one Edge area of 20 mm, for example.
Ebenso erstreckt sich das diffus reflektierende Element 4 nicht über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 , sondern über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereiches von beispielsweise 20 mm. Likewise, the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire outer pane 1, but rather over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral edge area of, for example, 20 mm.
Zudem weist die Verbundscheibe 100 in der in der Fig. 5 gezeigten Ausführungsform im Gegensatz zu der in der Fig. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform eine vierte Laminierschicht 12 und eine fünfte Laminierschicht 13 auf. Die vierte Laminierschicht 12 weist eine Aussparung auf, in die das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 aufgenommen ist, und die fünfte Laminierschicht 13 weist eine Aussparung auf, in die das diffus reflektierende Element 4 aufgenommen ist. In addition, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 , the laminated pane 100 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 has a fourth lamination layer 12 and a fifth lamination layer 13 . The fourth laminating layer 12 has a gap in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is accommodated, and the fifth laminating layer 13 has a gap in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is accommodated.
Das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 ist somit in der in der Fig. 5 gezeigten Ausführungsform rahmenartig von der vierten Laminierschicht 12 umgegeben und das diffus reflektierende
Element 4 ist in der in der Fig. 5 gezeigten Ausführungsform rahmenartig von der fünften Laminierschicht 13 umgeben. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the electrochromic functional element 2 is thus surrounded in the manner of a frame by the fourth laminating layer 12 and is diffusely reflective In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, element 4 is surrounded by the fifth laminating layer 13 in the manner of a frame.
Die vierte Laminierschicht 12 und die fünfte Laminierschicht 13 bestehen beispielsweise aus Polyvinylbutyral (PVB). Die Dicke der vierten Laminierschicht 12 entspricht der Dicke des elektrochromen Funktionselements 2 und die Dicke der fünften Laminierschicht 13 entspricht der Dicke des diffus reflektierenden Elements 4. Der Einsatz einer vierten Laminierschicht 12 und einer fünften Laminierschicht 13 ist optional. Es ist auch möglich, dass die erste Laminerschicht 3 bzw. die Laminierschicht 5 bzw. die dritte Laminierschicht 7 das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 bzw. das diffus reflektierende Element 4 nach der Lamination auch seitlich umgeben. The fourth laminating layer 12 and the fifth laminating layer 13 are made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), for example. The thickness of the fourth laminating layer 12 corresponds to the thickness of the electrochromic functional element 2 and the thickness of the fifth laminating layer 13 corresponds to the thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4. The use of a fourth laminating layer 12 and a fifth laminating layer 13 is optional. It is also possible for the first laminating layer 3 or the laminating layer 5 or the third laminating layer 7 to also laterally surround the electrochromic functional element 2 or the diffusely reflecting element 4 after the lamination.
Fig. 6 zeigte eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe 100. Bei der in der Fig. 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform handelt es sich bei der Verbundscheibe 100 beispielsweise um eine Windschutzscheibe. In der Fig. 6 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen B der Bereich gekennzeichnet, in dem das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 angeordnet ist. Die gestrichelte Linie kennzeichnet die umlaufende Kante des elektrochromen Funktionselements 2. In der Fig. 6 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen A der Bereich gekennzeichnet, in dem das diffus reflektierende Element 4 angeordnet ist. Die gepunktete Linie kennzeichnet die umlaufende Seitenkante des diffus reflektierenden Elements 4. Die Verbundscheibe 100 weist eine Oberkante O, eine Unterkante U und zwei Seitenkanten S auf. Das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 und das diffus reflektierende Element 4 sind in der in der Fig. 6 gezeigten Ausführungsform in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe zu der Außenscheibe deckungsgleich im unteren Viertel der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet. FIG. 6 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane 100 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the composite pane 100 is a windshield, for example. The area in which the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged is identified by the reference symbol B in FIG. 6 . The dashed line marks the peripheral edge of the electrochromic functional element 2. In FIG. 6, the area in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged is marked with the reference symbol A. The dotted line characterizes the circumferential side edge of the diffusely reflecting element 4. The laminated pane 100 has an upper edge O, a lower edge U and two side edges S. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 , the electrochromic functional element 2 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 are arranged congruently in the lower quarter of the laminated pane 100 in the viewing direction from the inner pane to the outer pane.
In der Fig. 7 ist der Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 6 gezeigten Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie Y‘-Y dargestellt. FIG. 7 shows the cross section of an embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 6 along the section line Y'-Y.
Die in der Fig. 7 im Querschnitt gezeigte Ausführungsform einer Verbundscheibe 100 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 4 gezeigten Ausführungsform nur dahingehend, dass das als Beschichtung der Innenfläche II der Außenscheibe 1 ausgebildete elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 sich nicht über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereichs erstreckt, sondern in einem Randbereich angeordnet ist, genauer gesagt in einem Bereich im unteren Viertel der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet ist, der von der Unterkante U und den Seitenkanten S beispielsweise 20 mm beabstandet ist.
Ebenso erstreckt sich das diffus reflektierende Element 4 nicht über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereichs, sondern ist in einem Randbereich angeordnet, genauer gesagt in einem Bereich im unteren Viertel der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet, der von der Unterkante U und den Seitenkanten S beispielsweise 20 mm beabstandet ist. The embodiment of a composite pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 7 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG extends peripheral edge area, but is arranged in an edge area, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the composite pane 100 is arranged, which is spaced from the lower edge U and the side edges S, for example 20 mm. Likewise, the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire outer pane 1 minus a peripheral edge area, but is arranged in an edge area, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the composite pane 100, which is separated from the lower edge U and the side edges S, for example 20 mm apart.
In der Fig. 8 ist der Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform der in der Fig. 6 gezeigten Verbundscheibe entlang der Schnittlinie Y‘-Y dargestellt. FIG. 8 shows the cross section of a further embodiment of the laminated pane shown in FIG. 6 along the section line Y'-Y.
Die in der Fig. 8 im Querschnitt gezeigte Ausführungsform einer Verbundscheibe 100 unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 5 gezeigten Ausführungsform nur dahingehend, dass das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 sich nicht über die gesamte Außenscheibe 1 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereichs von beispielsweise 20 mm erstreckt, sondern in einem Randbereich angeordnet ist, genauer gesagt in einem Bereich im unteren Viertel der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet ist, der von der Unterkante U und den Seitenkanten S beispielsweise 20 mm beabstandet ist. The embodiment of a laminated pane 100 shown in cross section in FIG. 8 differs from the embodiment shown in FIG is arranged in an edge area, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the laminated pane 100, which is spaced from the lower edge U and the side edges S, for example 20 mm.
Ebenso erstreckt sich das diffus reflektierende Element 4 nicht über die gesamte Fläche der Verbundscheibe 100 abzüglich eines umlaufenden Randbereichs, sondern ist in einem Randbereich angeordnet, genauer gesagt in einem Bereich im unteren Viertel der Verbundscheibe 100 angeordnet, der von der Unterkante U und den Seitenkanten S beispielsweise 20 mm beabstandet ist. Likewise, the diffusely reflecting element 4 does not extend over the entire surface of the laminated pane 100 minus a peripheral edge area, but is arranged in an edge region, more precisely in an area in the lower quarter of the laminated pane 100, which consists of the lower edge U and the side edges S for example 20 mm apart.
Fig. 9 zeigt den Querschnitt einer Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements 4. Das diffus reflektierende Element 4 umfasst eine Substratschicht 8, wobei auf einer Seite der Substratschicht 8 eine passive Beschichtung 9, insbesondere eine cholesterische Flüssigkristallbeschichtung, aufgebracht ist, die als Projektionsfläche zur Anzeige der Information dient. Die Gesamtdicke des diffus reflektierenden Elements 4 kann z.B. 0,05 mm betragen. Die Substratschicht 8 kann z.B. ein Substrat auf Basis von PVB, TAC, PMMA, EVA, PET, PE, PA oder PC sein. Fig. 9 shows the cross section of an embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element 4. The diffusely reflecting element 4 comprises a substrate layer 8, with a passive coating 9, in particular a cholesteric liquid crystal coating, being applied to one side of the substrate layer 8, which serves as a projection surface for displaying the information serves. The overall thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4 can be 0.05 mm, for example. The substrate layer 8 can be a substrate based on PVB, TAC, PMMA, EVA, PET, PE, PA or PC, for example.
Fig. 10 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements. 4. Das diffus reflektierende Element 4 umfasst eine Substratschicht 8, wobei auf einer Seite der Substratschicht 8 eine reflektierende metallische Beschichtung 11 aufgebracht ist, die als Projektionsfläche zur Anzeige der Information dient. Die Gesamtdicke des diffus reflektierenden Elements 4 kann z.B. 0,05 mm betragen. Die Substratschicht 8 kann z.B. ein Substrat auf Basis von PVB, TAC, PMMA, EVA, PET, PE, PA oder PC sein.
Fig. 11 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements. 4. Das diffus reflektierende Element 4 ist in der in der Fig. 11 gezeigten Ausführungsform als reflektierendes Substrat mit Struktur ausgebildet und umfasst eine Substratschicht mit strukturierter Oberfläche 10a, wobei auf die strukturierte Oberfläche eine reflektierende Beschichtung 10b aufgebracht ist. Die Substratschicht mit strukturierter Oberfläche 10a ist beispielsweise ein Substrat auf Basis von PMMA mit einer Dicke von 70 pm, auf welches eine TiOx Beschichtung von 60 nm Dicke aufgebracht ist. 10 shows the cross section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element. 4. The diffusely reflecting element 4 comprises a substrate layer 8, with a reflective metallic coating 11 being applied to one side of the substrate layer 8, which serves as a projection surface for displaying the information. The overall thickness of the diffusely reflecting element 4 can be 0.05 mm, for example. The substrate layer 8 can be a substrate based on PVB, TAC, PMMA, EVA, PET, PE, PA or PC, for example. 11 shows the cross section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element. 4. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 11, the diffusely reflecting element 4 is designed as a reflective substrate with a structure and comprises a substrate layer with a structured surface 10a, with a reflective coating 10b being applied to the structured surface. The substrate layer with a structured surface 10a is, for example, a substrate based on PMMA with a thickness of 70 μm, to which a TiO x coating with a thickness of 60 nm is applied.
Fig. 12 zeigt den Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines diffus reflektierenden Elements. 4. Die in der Fig. 12 gezeigte Ausführungsform unterscheidet sich von der in der Fig. 11 gezeigten nur dahingehend, dass die Oberfläche der Substratschicht mit strukturierter12 shows the cross-section of another embodiment of a diffusely reflecting element. 4. The embodiment shown in FIG. 12 differs from that shown in FIG. 11 only in that the surface of the substrate layer has a structured
Oberfläche 10a nur in einem Teilbereich strukturiert ist. Surface 10a is structured only in a partial area.
Fig. 13 zeigt ein Flussdiagramm zur Visualisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe. FIG. 13 shows a flow chart for visualizing the method according to the invention for producing a laminated pane according to the invention.
In einem ersten Schritt a) werden eine Außenscheibe 1 mit einer Außenfläche I und einer Innenfläche II, ein elektrochromes Funktionselement 2, eine erste Laminierschicht 3, ein diffus reflektierendes Element 4, eine zweite Laminierschicht 5 und eine Innenscheibe 6 mit einer Außenfläche III und einer Innenfläche IV bereitgestellt. In a first step a), an outer pane 1 with an outer surface I and an inner surface II, an electrochromic functional element 2, a first laminating layer 3, a diffusely reflecting element 4, a second laminating layer 5 and an inner pane 6 with an outer surface III and an inner surface IV provided.
In einem zweiten Schritt b) wird ein Schichtenstapel gebildet, in dem das diffus reflektierende Element 4 zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der Innenscheibe 6 angeordnet ist, die erste Laminierschicht 3 zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und dem diffus reflektierende Element 4 angeordnet ist, die zweite Laminierschicht 5 zwischen der Innenscheibe 6 und dem diffus reflektierende Element 4 angeordnet ist und das elektrochrome Funktionselement 2 zwischen der Außenscheibe 1 und der ersten Laminierschicht 3 angeordnet ist, und das diffus reflektierende Element 4 vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement 2 überlappt. In einem dritten Schritt c) wird der Schichtenstapel durch Lamination verbunden.
Beispielaufbau 1: In a second step b), a stack of layers is formed in which the diffusely reflecting element 4 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the inner pane 6, the first lamination layer 3 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the diffusely reflecting element 4, the second lamination layer 5 is arranged between the inner pane 6 and the diffusely reflecting element 4 and the electrochromic functional element 2 is arranged between the outer pane 1 and the first laminating layer 3 , and the diffusely reflecting element 4 completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element 2 . In a third step c), the stack of layers is connected by lamination. Example setup 1:
Es wurde eine Verbundscheibe hergestellt, welche wie folgt aufgebaut ist: klares Glas 2,1 mm klares PVB 0,76 mm elektrochromes Funktionselement klares PVB 0,76 mm diffus reflektierendes Element klares PVB 0,76 mm klares Glas 2,1 mm A laminated pane was produced, which is constructed as follows: clear glass 2.1 mm clear PVB 0.76 mm electrochromic functional element clear PVB 0.76 mm diffusely reflecting element clear PVB 0.76 mm clear glass 2.1 mm
Diese weist bei dunkel geschaltetem elektrochromen Funktionselement eine Lichttransmission von 1 % auf und wenn das elektrochrome Funktionselement nicht dunkel geschaltet ist eine Lichttransmission von 31 % auf. This has a light transmission of 1% when the electrochromic functional element is switched dark and a light transmission of 31% when the electrochromic functional element is not switched dark.
Beispielaufbau 2: Example setup 2:
Es wurde eine Verbundscheibe hergestellt, welche wie folgt aufgebaut ist: dunkles Glas 2,1 mm klares PVB 0,76 mm elektrochromes Funktionselement klares PVB 0,76 mm diffus reflektierendes Element klares PVB 0,76 mm klares Glas 2,1 mm A laminated pane was produced, which is structured as follows: dark glass 2.1 mm clear PVB 0.76 mm electrochromic functional element clear PVB 0.76 mm diffusely reflecting element clear PVB 0.76 mm clear glass 2.1 mm
Diese weist bei dunkel geschaltetem elektrochromen Funktionselement eine Lichttransmission von 0,3 % auf und wenn das elektrochrome Funktionselement nicht dunkel geschaltet ist eine Lichttransmission von 9,6 % auf.
Bezugszeichenliste This has a light transmission of 0.3% when the electrochromic functional element is switched dark and a light transmission of 9.6% when the electrochromic functional element is not switched dark. Reference List
1 Außenscheibe 1 outer pane
2 elektrochromes Funktionselement 2 electrochromic functional element
3 erste Laminierschicht 4 diffus reflektierendes Element 3 first laminating layer 4 diffusely reflecting element
5 zweite Laminierschicht 5 second layer of lamination
6 Innenscheibe 6 inner pane
7 dritte Laminierschicht 7 third layer of lamination
8 Substratschicht 9 passive Beschichtung 8 substrate layer 9 passive coating
10a Substratschicht mit strukturierter Oberfläche 10b reflektierende Beschichtung 10a substrate layer with structured surface 10b reflective coating
11 reflektierende metallische Beschichtung11 reflective metallic coating
12 vierte Laminierschicht 13 fünfte Laminierschicht 12 fourth laminating layer 13 fifth laminating layer
100 Verbundscheibe 100 Composite Disc
A Bereich A B Bereich B A area A B area B
I Außenfläche der Außenscheibe I Outer surface of the outer pane
II Innenfläche der Außenscheibe II Inner surface of the outer pane
III Außenfläche der Innenscheibe IV Innenfläche der Innenscheibe III Outer surface of the inner pane IV Inner surface of the inner pane
X‘-X Schnittlinie X'-X cutting line
Y‘-Y Schnittlinie
Y'-Y intersection line
Claims
1. Verbundscheibe (100), mindestens umfassend eine Außenscheibe (1) mit einer Außenfläche (I) und einer Innenfläche (II), ein elektrochromes Funktionselement (2), eine erste Laminierschicht (3), ein diffus reflektierendes Element (4), eine zweite Laminierschicht (5), eine Innenscheibe (6) mit einer Außenfläche (III) und einer Innenfläche (IV), wobei das diffus reflektierende Element (4) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und der Innenscheibe (6) angeordnet ist, die erste Laminierschicht (3) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und dem diffus reflektierenden Element (4) angeordnet ist, die zweite Laminierschicht (5) zwischen der Innenscheibe (6) und dem diffus reflektierenden Element (4) angeordnet ist, das elektrochrome Funktionselement (2) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und der ersten Laminierschicht (3) angeordnet ist und das diffus reflektierende Element (4) vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement (2) überlappt. 1. Composite pane (100), at least comprising an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), an electrochromic functional element (2), a first laminating layer (3), a diffusely reflective element (4), a second laminating layer (5), an inner pane (6) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV), the diffusely reflecting element (4) being arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (6), the first laminating layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the diffusely reflecting element (4), the second laminating layer (5) is arranged between the inner pane (6) and the diffusely reflecting element (4), the electrochromic functional element (2) between the outer pane (1) and the first laminating layer (3) and the diffusely reflecting element (4) completely overlaps with the electrochromic functional element (2).
2. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste Laminierschicht (3) und die zweite Laminierschicht (5) unabhängig voneinander eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarer Kleber (OCA) sind. The laminated pane (100) of claim 1, wherein the first laminating layer (3) and the second laminating layer (5) are independently a thermoplastic interlayer or an optically clear adhesive (OCA).
3. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das elektrochrome Funktionselement (2) als eine Beschichtung der Innenfläche (II) der Außenscheibe (1) ausgebildet ist. 3. Composite pane (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrochromic functional element (2) is designed as a coating of the inner surface (II) of the outer pane (1).
4. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, zusätzlich umfassend eine dritte Laminierschicht (7), wobei die dritte Laminierschicht (7) zwischen dem elektrochromen Funktionselement (2) und der Außenscheibe (1) angeordnet ist und bevorzugt eine thermoplastische Zwischenschicht oder ein optisch klarer Kleber (OCA) ist. 4. Laminated pane (100) according to claim 1 or 2, additionally comprising a third laminating layer (7), wherein the third laminating layer (7) is arranged between the electrochromic functional element (2) and the outer pane (1) and preferably a thermoplastic intermediate layer or a is optically clear adhesive (OCA).
5. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das diffus reflektierende Element (4) als eine Substratschicht (8) mit einer passiven Beschichtung (9), als ein transparentes Schichtelement mit diffusem Reflexionsvermögen, als reflektierendes
Substrat mit Struktur oder als eine Substratschicht (8) mit reflektierender metallischer Beschichtung (11) ausgebildet ist. 5. Laminated pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diffusely reflecting element (4) as a substrate layer (8) with a passive coating (9), as a transparent layer element with diffuse reflectivity, as a reflective Substrate is formed with a structure or as a substrate layer (8) with a reflective metallic coating (11).
6. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 5, wobei das diffus reflektierende Element (4) eine Substratschicht (8) umfasst, die eine passive Beschichtung (9) aufweist, und die passive Beschichtung (9) ausgewählt ist aus einer Flüssigkristallbeschichtung, insbesondere einer cholesterischen Flüssigkristallbeschichtung, oder einer diffus reflektierenden Beschichtung. 6. Composite pane (100) according to claim 5, wherein the diffusely reflecting element (4) comprises a substrate layer (8) having a passive coating (9), and the passive coating (9) is selected from a liquid crystal coating, in particular a cholesteric one liquid crystal coating, or a diffusely reflective coating.
7. Verbundscheibe (100) nach Anspruch 6 wobei die Substratschicht (8) Polyvinylbutyral (PVB), Cellulosetriacetat (TAC), Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), Ethylen-Vinylacetat- Copolymer (EVA), Polyethylenterephthalat (PET), Polyethylen (PE), Polyamid (PA) oder Polycarbonat (PC) enthält oder daraus besteht. 7. Laminate (100) according to claim 6, wherein the substrate layer (8) polyvinyl butyral (PVB), cellulose triacetate (TAC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyamide (PA) or polycarbonate (PC) contains or consists of.
8. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei sich das elektrochrome Funktionselement (2) und/oder das diffus reflektierende Element (4) über mindestens 5 %, bevorzugt über mindestens 10 %, besonders bevorzugt über mindestens 50 %, ganz besonders über mindestens 90 % der Fläche der Verbundscheibe (100) erstrecken. 8. Laminated pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the electrochromic functional element (2) and/or the diffusely reflecting element (4) differ by at least 5%, preferably by at least 10%, particularly preferably by at least 50%. very particularly extend over at least 90% of the area of the laminated pane (100).
9. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das diffus reflektierende Element (4) in einem Randbereich der Verbundscheibe (100) angeordnet ist. 9. Composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the diffusely reflecting element (4) is arranged in an edge region of the composite pane (100).
10. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei das diffus reflektierende Element (4) in Blickrichtung von der Innenscheibe (6) zu der Außenscheibe (1) deckungsgleich mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement (2) angeordnet ist. 10. Composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the diffusely reflecting element (4) is arranged congruently with the electrochromic functional element (2) in the viewing direction from the inner pane (6) to the outer pane (1).
11. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die äußeren Abmessungen des elektrochromen Funktionselements (2) größer als die äußeren Abmessungen des diffus reflektierenden Elements (4) sind. 11. Composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the outer dimensions of the electrochromic functional element (2) are larger than the outer dimensions of the diffusely reflecting element (4).
12. Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die Außenscheibe (1) und/oder die erste Laminierschicht (3) und/oder die dritte Laminierschicht (7) getönt oder gefärbt ist.
12. Composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the outer pane (1) and/or the first laminating layer (3) and/or the third laminating layer (7) is tinted or colored.
13. Projektionsanordnung, umfassend eine Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 und mindestens einen Projektor, der von innen auf das diffus reflektierende Element (4) gerichtet ist zur Erzeugung eines realen Bildes in der Ebene der Verbundscheibe (100). 13. Projection arrangement comprising a composite pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12 and at least one projector which is directed from the inside onto the diffusely reflecting element (4) to generate a real image in the plane of the composite pane (100).
14. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei zumindest a) eine Außenscheibe (1) mit einer Außenfläche (I) und einer Innenfläche (II), ein elektrochromes Funktionselement (2), eine erste Laminierschicht (3), ein diffus reflektierendes Element (4), eine zweite Laminierschicht (5) und eine Innenscheibe (6) mit einer Außenfläche (III) und einer Innenfläche (IV) bereitgestellt werden, b) ein Schichtenstapel gebildet wird, in dem das diffus reflektierende Element (4) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und der Innenscheibe (6) angeordnet ist, die erste Laminierschicht (3) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und dem diffus reflektierenden Element (4) angeordnet ist, die zweite Laminierschicht zwischen der Innenscheibe (6) und dem diffus reflektierenden Element (4) angeordnet ist und das elektrochrome Funktionselement (2) zwischen der Außenscheibe (1) und der ersten Laminierschicht (3) angeordnet ist, und das diffus reflektierende Element (4) vollständig mit dem elektrochromen Funktionselement (2) überlappt, c) der Schichtenstapel durch Lamination verbunden wird. 14. The method for producing a composite pane (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein at least a) an outer pane (1) with an outer surface (I) and an inner surface (II), an electrochromic functional element (2), a first laminating layer (3), a diffusely reflecting element (4), a second laminating layer (5) and an inner pane (6) with an outer surface (III) and an inner surface (IV) are provided, b) a layer stack is formed in which the diffuse reflective element (4) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the inner pane (6), the first laminating layer (3) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the diffusely reflecting element (4), the second laminating layer between the inner pane ( 6) and the diffusely reflecting element (4) is arranged and the electrochromic functional element (2) is arranged between the outer pane (1) and the first laminating layer (3), and the diffusely reflecting element (4) is complete g overlaps with the electrochromic functional element (2), c) the layer stack is connected by lamination.
15. Verwendung einer Verbundscheibe (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 als Innenverglasung oder Außenverglasung in einem Fahrzeug oder einem Gebäude, insbesondere als Fahrzeugscheibe in Fortbewegungsmitteln für den Verkehr auf dem Land, in der Luft oder zu Wasser, insbesondere in Personenkraftfahrzeugen, Bussen,15. Use of a laminated pane (100) according to one of claims 1 to 12 as interior glazing or exterior glazing in a vehicle or a building, in particular as a vehicle pane in means of transport for traffic on land, in the air or on water, in particular in passenger vehicles, buses ,
Reisebussen, Zügen, Straßenbahnen, Flugzeugen oder Schiffen.
Coaches, trains, trams, planes or ships.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP21181504 | 2021-06-24 | ||
PCT/EP2022/066321 WO2022268606A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 | 2022-06-15 | Laminated pane having a diffusely reflecting element and an electrochromic functional element |
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EP4359210A1 true EP4359210A1 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP22734273.0A Pending EP4359210A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 | 2022-06-15 | Laminated pane having a diffusely reflecting element and an electrochromic functional element |
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EP (1) | EP4359210A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN115734874A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022268606A1 (en) |
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FR2962818B1 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2013-03-08 | Saint Gobain | ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE HAVING ELECTRO - CONTROLLABLE OPTICAL AND / OR ENERGY TRANSMISSION PROPERTIES. |
US8164818B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2012-04-24 | Soladigm, Inc. | Electrochromic window fabrication methods |
FR2971060B1 (en) | 2011-01-31 | 2013-08-09 | Saint Gobain | TRANSPARENT ELEMENT WITH DIFFUSE REFLECTION |
FR3012363B1 (en) | 2013-10-30 | 2015-10-23 | Saint Gobain | TRANSPARENT LAYER ELEMENT |
CN107615165B (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2020-07-14 | 富士胶片株式会社 | Transparent screen |
JP2017090617A (en) | 2015-11-09 | 2017-05-25 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Screen glass with dimming function and picture display system |
EP3391135B1 (en) | 2015-12-16 | 2022-05-11 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Electrically switchable glazing comprising surface electrodes having anisotropic conductivity |
JP6760365B2 (en) | 2016-05-13 | 2020-09-23 | Agc株式会社 | Manufacturing method of image projection structure, transparent screen, and image projection structure |
KR102089204B1 (en) | 2016-05-24 | 2020-03-13 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | Transparent film, transparent screen and image display system and transparent poster |
FR3059938A1 (en) | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-15 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | TRANSPARENT LAYER ELEMENT COMPRISING A SCREEN AREA |
FR3062339B1 (en) | 2017-01-31 | 2022-07-22 | Saint Gobain | TRANSPARENT LAYERED ELEMENT WITH DIRECTIONAL DIFFUSE REFLECTION |
JP6872005B2 (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2021-05-19 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Transparent screen with cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and transparent screen system |
JP6826482B2 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2021-02-03 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Transparent screens, bright room screens, and methods for manufacturing transparent screens. |
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-
2022
- 2022-06-15 EP EP22734273.0A patent/EP4359210A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-15 CN CN202280003034.9A patent/CN115734874A/en active Pending
- 2022-06-15 WO PCT/EP2022/066321 patent/WO2022268606A1/en active Application Filing
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CN115734874A (en) | 2023-03-03 |
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