EP4358694A1 - Use of a mobile device that delivers light pulses to a plant material for conferring protection against the effects associated with abiotic stresses - Google Patents
Use of a mobile device that delivers light pulses to a plant material for conferring protection against the effects associated with abiotic stressesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4358694A1 EP4358694A1 EP22733659.1A EP22733659A EP4358694A1 EP 4358694 A1 EP4358694 A1 EP 4358694A1 EP 22733659 A EP22733659 A EP 22733659A EP 4358694 A1 EP4358694 A1 EP 4358694A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- plant material
- light pulses
- panel
- plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of agronomy. It relates more particularly to the use of a mobile light exposure device delivering light pulses to plant material for the prevention against impacts and the minimization of the harmful consequences on said plant material, linked to abiotic stresses, preferentially stress related to edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors, as well as an associated method of prevention against the said impacts.
- abiotic stress Environmental factors that disrupt the functioning of a plant are called abiotic stress. Among these factors, there are various environmental factors such as, for example, polluted or salt-rich soil, a lack of water, strong temperature variations, frost, wind or hail.
- plants Faced with these abiotic stresses, plants have adaptation mechanisms that allow them to fight for a limited time against said stresses. However, in the event of prolonged stress, the quality and yield of the plants can be impacted.
- frost for example, it is classically recommended to set up techniques to avoid the formation of frost on the plants.
- the main known means of direct fight against frost are ⁇ the following: covering the ground; the formation of smoke or fog; low-flow water sprinkling; the mixing of the air by antifreeze towers; or even heating by using oil heaters or paraffin candles to heat the air.
- the company WEENATTM has developed a connected frost sensor allowing direct monitoring of the risk of frost on crops in order to plan the implementation of means to fight against frost.
- CN210782298 discloses an effective low temperature resistant and anti-aging thermal protective coating fabric for winter protection of vines. According to this document, the superposition of a polyethylene contact layer, a lower bonding layer, a polyethylene braid layer, an upper bonding layer and an outer polyethylene layer allows good heat preservation, high structural strength, low temperature resistance. However, the use of such a fabric is particularly tedious, time-consuming, expensive, and requires a large quantity of materials that are not necessarily recyclable.
- a problem which the present invention proposes to solve consists in proposing a new method for preventing or combating the impacts linked to abiotic stresses on a plant material and thus minimizing the harmful consequences on said plant material.
- This alternative must make it possible to obtain plant material that is more resistant to abiotic stresses such as stresses linked to edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors, without deterioration, and whose growth and development is not or less affected quantitatively and qualitatively.
- the use of the device must be little or even non-polluting in order to preserve the environment, but also simple to set up.
- the solution to this problem has as its first object the use of a mobile light exposure device delivering light pulses on plant material comprising: - a first module for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel;
- a second module for adjusting and/or switching on, remotely or on the device, the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly the temperature of said panel; e ⁇
- a means of locomotion allowing the movement of said device; for the prevention and/or mitigation of impacts on said plant material, linked to abiotic stresses, preferably stresses linked to edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors.
- the Applicant has been able to demonstrate that the treatment of cultures with light is ⁇ an interesting avenue that can be implemented in order to prevent the impacts linked to abiotic stresses.
- Plants need light not only for photosynthesis, vegetative growth, but also for the regulation of reproductive organ development processes.
- UV-A 320-400 nm
- UV-B 280-320 nm
- UV-C radiation 200-280 nm
- UV-C light can ⁇ be created artificially by various physical processes.
- lamps including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), low-pressure mercury vapor lamps or even xenon lamps which allow the emission of UV-C radiation.
- LEDs light-emitting diodes
- xenon lamps which allow the emission of UV-C radiation.
- UV-C radiation is ⁇ known to be used for disinfection and elimination purposes, but its use to prevent and minimize the harmful consequences of abiotic stresses is not considered.
- the Applicant has demonstrated that the radiation, in particular UV-C, delivered to a plant in the form of light pulses, has a preventive effect on the plants, which makes it possible to reduce the impacts linked to abiotic stresses.
- Another subject of the invention is a method for preventing and/or mitigating the impacts of abiotic stress on plant material, by delivering light pulses to said plant material, comprising the following steps:
- a mobile light exposure device comprising a first module for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel; a second module for adjusting and/or switching on, remotely or on the device, the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly the temperature of the panel; e ⁇ a means of transport allowing the movement of said device, on a farm comprising plantations to be treated;
- the invention developed consists of the use of a mobile device emitting light pulses on plant material, having qualities of adaptability and ease of regular use for the treatment of crops of variable size.
- UV radiation preferentially UV-C in the form of light pulses allowing shorter exposure times is more advantageous for the prevention against impacts related to abiotic stresses.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a front view of a device that can be used according to the invention, which is a mobile light exposure module 1 comprising a first emission module of double-sided light pulses 3 maintained by a straddle device 5 mounted on a tractor 4.
- a mobile light exposure module 1 comprising a first emission module of double-sided light pulses 3 maintained by a straddle device 5 mounted on a tractor 4.
- FIG. 2 shows, in front view, an example of a possible structure of a reflector body 7 of a device that can be used according to the invention comprising at least one light source 8, reflectors 9 and a temperature regulation block 10 .
- FIG. 3 shows, in side view, the composition of an example of reflector body 7 of a device that can be used according to the invention comprising the temperature regulation block 10 as well as a set of temperature and power sensors bright 11.
- FIG. 4 is a graph associated with example 1 making it possible to highlight the effects of the use of the device according to the invention on the percentage of buds and vine leaves having frozen following an episode of frost.
- FIG. 5 is a graph associated with example 2 making it possible to highlight the effects of the use of the device according to the invention on the yield of a vineyard following a heat wave episode.
- FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the average number of bunches per stock 29 days after a frost episode that took place at T0.
- Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the estimated percentage of counterfruiting buds in these two modalities.
- the invention relates to the use of a mobile device for UV light exposure for the purposes of preventing impacts on plant material linked to abiotic stresses.
- Document WO9533374 discloses the use of a rail vehicle moving laterally to emit a luminous discharge composed of a mixture of UV-A, B, C, visible light and infrared.
- the exposure time of the plants to this light discharge is less than ten seconds and preferably three seconds.
- the use of this device is intended for the destruction of undesirable plants but its use for the prevention against impacts on plant material linked to abiotic stresses is not envisaged.
- document EP3143869 describes a method for stimulating plant resistance to biotic stress by applying UV-B and/or UV-C for a period of less than or equal to one second at doses of less than 10 kJ/ m2 .
- a mobile light exposure device 1 delivering light pulses to a plant material 2, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
- a mobile light exposure device 1 advantageously comprises:
- a second adjustment module ef / or ignition remotely or on the device, the optical power density of the fraifemenf panel and optionally the temperature of said panel;
- a means of locomotion 4 allowing the movement of said device.
- the Applicant designates one or more light sources 8 coming from said device emitting at wavelengths between 200 nm and 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light).
- the first module of the mobile light exposure device 1 comprises at least one light frame panel.
- the first module of the mobile light exposure device 1 comprises one or more discharge lamps making it possible to emit continuously or in the form of a flash, one or more light pulses on plant material.
- low, medium or high pressure discharge lamps such as mercury vapor lamps (in particular 254 nm line), pulsed light or Xenon lamps, Excimer lamps or light-emitting diode lamps.
- the time of exposure of the plants to this light discharge is ⁇ less than four seconds and ⁇ preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
- the light pulses delivered to the plant material 2 are characterized in particular by their duration e ⁇ by their identical or different wavelengths.
- light pulse is meant a light pulse perceived by the plant: itself ⁇ by means of a device generating a continuous optical power density over time e ⁇ delimited in space, which by passage of the di ⁇ device creates for the plant a light pulse, itself ⁇ by means of a device that generates light flashes (optical power density bounded in space e ⁇ discontinued in time) e ⁇ which also passes along the rows.
- the light pulses delivered to a plant material according to the invention can be generated either ⁇ by flashes, for example pulsed light, or ⁇ by the passage at a controlled speed of a continuous light, by displacement of a means of transport 4.
- the durations of the light pulses received by the plant material are necessarily less than four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
- the duration of the light pulses delivered to the plant material is between two seconds and one tenth of a millisecond. More preferably, it is between one second and one hundredth of a second.
- the particularly preferred values used by the Applicant are one second, one tenth of a second, one hundredth of a second or even values between 300 MS and 500
- the number and the frequency of the light pulses are modulated according to the nature of the plant material 2 to be treated.
- the wavelengths of the light pulses are generally between 200 nm and 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light), preferentially between 200 nm and 280 nm (UV-C). Even more advantageously, they are between 220 nm and 260 nm.
- the light pulses delivered to a plant material 2 by the device according to the invention come from a continuous light preferentially diffusing UV-C by a means of locomotion launched at medium speed , that is to say between 1 km/h and 15 km/h, preferably between 2 km/h and 10 km/h, more preferably between 3 km/h and 5 km/h.
- the light pulses can be UV-C flashes which are advantageously flashes of 0.5 to 2 seconds delivered by the device according to the invention by a means of locomotion launched at low speed, that is to say less than about 1 km/h, preferably between 0.2 km/h and 1 km/h, more preferably between 0.5 km/h and 1 km/h.
- a means of locomotion launched at low speed that is to say less than about 1 km/h, preferably between 0.2 km/h and 1 km/h, more preferably between 0.5 km/h and 1 km/h.
- plant material is meant an entire plant or part of a plant such as a leaf, a fruit, a stem, a flower, or even a root.
- the plant material (2) is a plant, a fruit, a vegetable, a tissue culture plant, an algae, a tuber or any other organ of a plant.
- said plant material 2 comes from farms comprising plantations. These plantations relate to agriculture, forestry or horticulture, such as market gardening, fruit, cereal, oilseed, protein, medicinal or industrial crops.
- plant material that can be used, mention may be made of the following plant families: Actinidiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cannabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae, Lythraceae, Musaceae, Poaceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae , Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae and Vitaceae.
- grass that is to say any annual or perennial plant, non-arborescent, forming part of the monocofyledons, generally green in color.
- grass commonly designates grasses, in particular forage grasses, which make up grasslands, meadows and lawns, and the neighboring families by their morphology, juncaceae (rushes) and sedges (sedges).
- the plant species used are ⁇ :
- Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) and other forms of Prunus
- the plant material 2 is chosen from strawberries, tomatoes, roses, cucumbers, small red fruits, cannabis, vines, asparagus, potatoes, grass, apricot and the Apple tree.
- the second adjustment and/or ignition module 6, not visible in FIG. 1, can be controlled remotely or directly on the device.
- the second adjustment and/or ignition module 6 allows both adjustment of the optical power density of the treatment panel but also of the temperature of said panel.
- the temperature of the panel is regulated in an active way, by a fan for example, or passively, by a heat diffuser for example, by a temperature regulation block 10 which modifies the temperature thanks to the data which it receives from a sensor temperature 1 1 , as shown in figure 3.
- the second adjustment and/or ignition module 6 makes it possible to control a mechanical adjustment module ensuring the correct positioning of the panels with respect to the plant material 2, in particular when the latter is presented in the form of a low culture.
- the optical power density of the panel allows an application of a radiation dose on the plant material 2 of between 50 J/m 2 and 2000 J/m 2 on the surface of a plant material, for all forms of lamps with with the exception of Xenon lamps (pulsed light), and between 1000 and 20000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps, preferably between 100 J/m 2 and 1500 J/m 2 on the surface of plant material for all lamps other than Xenon lamps, and between 5000 and 15000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps.
- the sources used may in particular be discharge lamps (in particular low, medium or high pressure lamps, pulsed light, Excimer lamps) or LEDs.
- the light sources 8 mentioned can advantageously be mounted on a support called a reflector body 7 comprising reflectors 9 as well as the temperature regulation unit 10, in order to control the light beam as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the optical power density of the panel allows application of a radiation dose of between 250 J/m 2 and 1400 J/m 2 to the surface of a plant material for all forms of lamps at the exception of Xenon lamps and between 6000 and 14000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps, advantageously between 200 J/m 2 and 1200 J/m 2 on the surface of a plant material for all lamps other than Xenon lamps , and between 8000 and 12000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps.
- the optical power density of the panel of the mobile light exposure device (1) allows application of a radiation dose of between 50 J/m 2 and 2000 J/m 2 at the surface of said plant material, for all light sources other than pulsed light, and between 1000 and 20,000 J/m2 for pulsed light;
- the light pulses delivered to the plant material (2) have identical or different wavelengths between 200 nm and 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light); and
- the exposure times on said plant material are less than or equal to four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
- the light pulses delivered by the mobile light exposure device (1) on said plant material (2) come from light diffused continuously or by pulsed light and have identical or different wavelengths between 200 nm and 280 nm (UV-C), preferentially between 220 nm and 260 nm, preferentially the light pulses come from a continuously diffused light.
- UV-C 200 nm and 280 nm
- the light pulses come from a continuously diffused light.
- the dose of radiation delivered by the mobile light exposure device (1) in the form of light pulses on said plant material (2) is between 100 J/m 2 and 1500 J/m 2 at the surface of plant material for all light sources other than pulsed light, and between 5000 and 15000 J/m2 for pulsed light.
- the means of locomotion 4 allows the movement of the device.
- the means of locomotion 4 is advantageously a traction or propulsion means.
- the means of locomotion 4 may or may not include drive wheels that can move on all types of surfaces or on rails. It can designate, depending on the nature of the surface, a traction device composed of wheels and assisted or not by motor. By way of non-limiting examples, one can use:
- a locomotion device consisting of wheels moving on rails, for example in the form of a specialized treatment trolley;
- a storage space composed of straps to be carried on the back such as a backpack for example.
- the means of locomotion 4 used is a traction or propulsion device composed of wheels assisted by a heat or electric motor.
- the surface area of the areas to be treated is variable and can generally range from 0.001 m 2 to 100 hectares.
- the area of the zones to be treated corresponds to the size of a crop field, a nursery, a green space, a greenhouse, but also a product obtained post-harvest.
- the use of the mobile light exposure device allows prevention against the impacts on the plant material linked to abiotic stresses.
- “Impact on plant material” means any damage that may be caused to plant material leading to an alteration in the yield and/or quality of the plant material, such as an alteration in the metabolism, drying out, burning, limitation or stunted growth, uneven fruit development, flower abortion.
- abiotic stress is meant environmental factors such as edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors.
- the use of the device allows prevention against impacts on the plant material linked to edaphic factors.
- Edaphic factors ton ⁇ refer to the physico-chemical properties of the earth. These factors include in particular the texture, the grain size, the structure, the porosity, the water content, the degree of acidity, the content of mineral elements of the soil by way of non-limiting examples.
- the edaphic factors correspond to saline stresses.
- the stresses linked to salt stress can be of two types: water stress e ⁇ toxicity of sodium or chlorine due to their excessive accumulation in the environment of the plants e ⁇ in the plants.
- the edaphic factors correspond to the chemical contaminants present in the soil such as heavy or non-heavy metals and any other chemical contaminant, for example derived from phytosanitary products.
- the use of the device allows the prevention against the impacts on the plant material linked to climatic factors.
- the abiotic stresses are ⁇ stresses linked to climatic factors, preferably high variations in temperature with respect to seasonal norms, episodes of frost, hail, heat wave or drought.
- Climatic factors can include factors related to the quantity, quality and distribution of water in an ecosystem. They also include temperature, light and air humidity by way of non-limiting examples.
- the climatic factors correspond to high temperature variations, in particular compared to seasonal norms, episodes of frost (temperature less than or equal to 0°C), cold (temperature greater than 0°C and ⁇ less than 15°C), hail, excessively frequent, long or intense periods of heat wave or drought or unseasonal cold spells.
- the seasonal normals are ⁇ calculated over a period of 30 years and ⁇ comply with the rules defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), in force since the end of the 19th century.
- the normals currently used (1981 -2010) are representative of the average climate over a period around the 1990s. For several years, global warming has accelerated.
- the meteorological services around the world are currently carrying out an operation to update the reference normals over the period 1991-2020.
- the new climate references will be “representative of a climate ⁇ centered on the years around 2005”. There will therefore still be “a slight bias compared to the current period”. For example, the average temperature in June in Paris is ⁇ between 13.8°C min and ⁇ 22.7°C max, i ⁇ an average of about 18°C while rainfall is ⁇ an average of 38 mm .
- These high temperature variations can also correspond to a rise in temperature of +30°C, +27.5°C, +25°C, +22.5°C, +20°C, +17.5°C, + 15°C, +12.5°C + 10°C, +5°C, or +4°C, relative to an initial temperature of a plant, generated for example during episodes of heat wave.
- These temperature variations can also correspond to a drop in temperature of - 20°C, -17.5°C, -15°C, -12.5°C, -10°C, -5°C, -4 °C compared to an initial temperature of a plant generated for example during episodes of frost.
- Frost is used in agriculture to mean any air temperature at ground level that drops to or below zero degrees Celsius.
- gel or jellies there are different types of gel or jellies such as:
- frosts can also refer to fall frosts, winter frosts and spring frosts.
- gel e ⁇ jelly can be used interchangeably.
- plants have protective mechanisms to counter the appearance of these crystals or to control the formation of these crystals to limit their damage. These mechanisms allow the synthesis of defense proteins making it possible to fight in particular against abiotic stress linked to climatic factors such as frost.
- Certain varieties of vines such as the Sangiovese grape variety express genes involved in the synthesis of phenolic compounds such as sfilbene synphases. These genes are ⁇ activated during freezing episodes and ⁇ lower the freezing temperature of water.
- the use of the device allows the prevention against the impacts on the plant material linked to stresses linked to chemical factors.
- Chemical factors include air pollutants such as NOx, ozone, S02
- the invention also relates to a method for preventing and/or mitigating the impacts of abiotic stress on a plant material 2, by delivering light pulses to said plant material 2, comprising the following steps:
- a mobile light exposure device 1 comprising a first module 3 for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel; a second adjustment and/or ignition module 6, remotely or on the device, of the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly of the temperature of the panel; e ⁇ a means of locomotion 4 allowing the movement of the device, on a farm comprising plantations to be treated;
- the di ⁇ device 1 delivering light pulses (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light) through the plantations, combined with direct exposure of said plant material 2 of the plantations to light pulses of lengths d waves and/or of identical or different durations, characterized in that the wavelengths are ⁇ identical or different and ⁇ are ⁇ between 200 nm and ⁇ 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light), preferably between 200 nm and 280 nm (UV-C) and in that the exposure times are identical or different but of a duration less than or equal to four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
- the method according to the invention is ⁇ used in the prevention and/or mitigation of the impacts of stress linked to climatic factors, preferably high variations in temperature compared to seasonal norms, episodes of frost, hail, heat wave or drought.
- the method according to the invention can also be used for treatment or repair against impacts linked to abiotic stresses.
- the climatic factors correspond to high variations in temperature compared to seasonal norms, episodes of frost, cold, hail, heat wave or drought as described above.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for a plant material 2 which is a plant, a fruit, a vegetable, a vitroplan, a tuber or any other organ of a plant.
- the method according to the invention preferably relates to a plant material chosen from strawberries, tomatoes, roses, cucumbers, small red fruits, cannabis, vines, asparagus, potatoes, grass, apricot tree and apple tree.
- the Applicant has also been able to demonstrate that the use of the device according to the invention also allows other complementary uses not offered by other already existing solutions such as those described above.
- the Applicant has in particular been able to demonstrate that the use of the device according to the invention makes it possible to improve the yield e ⁇ of the quality of plants but also makes it possible to eliminate pathogens on plant material.
- Example 1 Effect of the use of the device on the percentage of buds and vine leaves having frozen following the episode of frost.
- a test plot was set up in a plot of Pinot Noir in the Champagne vineyard.
- the UV stimulations were carried out by a mobile device moving at a speed comprised between 2 and 5 km/h, equipped with mercury lamps for an optical power at 254 nm comprised between 200 and 1500 W/m 2 , operating continuously.
- the stimulations were all carried out between 6 am and 1 am in the morning.
- the doses of UV-C (254 nm) received by the plant are between 100 and 1500 J/m 2 .
- a frost episode occurred at T0 between 5 and 7 a.m. with a minimum temperature reading of -1.6°C and a humidity of 99.3%.
- the percentage of buds and first frozen leaves was determined for each modality.
- FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the percentage of buds and vine leaves having frozen following the episode of frost having taken place at T0.
- the percentages of frozen buds and leaves are not significantly different for the modalities stimulated once at T - 44 h and stimulated at T - 44 h and T - 20 h.
- stimulation performed the day before a freezing episode is less effective than single or double stimulation performed a few days before the freezing episode.
- Example 2 Effect of the use of the device on the yield of a vineyard following an episode of heat wave.
- a test application of the use of the device according to the invention was carried out under production conditions on a plot of a vineyard.
- the UV stimulations were carried out by a mobile device moving at a speed between 2 and 5 km/h, equipped with low pressure mercury lamps for an optical power at 254 nm between 200 and 1200 W/m 2 , operating in a keep on going.
- UV-C doses (254 nm) received by the plant are between 100 and 1500 J/m 2 at a frequency of about every 10 days.
- the average yield in kilograms of grapes per vine stock was determined at the end of the season.
- Figure 5 is ⁇ a graph making it possible to highlight the effect of the use of the device according to the invention on the average yield expressed in kilograms of grapes per vine stock at harvest, in a vineyard having undergone a heat wave .
- the yield is estimated on 35 vines randomized over four blocks for each of the two groups.
- Example 3 Effect of the use of the device on the number of clusters per stock e ⁇ of counter fruiting bud of a vineyard following an episode of spring frost.
- a test plot was set up in a plot of Pinot Noir from the Aube vineyard.
- the UV stimulations were carried out by a mobile device moving at a speed of between 2 and 5 km/h, equipped with low-pressure mercury lamps for an optical power at 254 nm of between 200 and 1200 W/m 2 , operating continuously.
- the doses of UV-C (254 nm) received by the plant are ⁇ between 100 and ⁇ 1000 J/m 2 .
- Figure 6 is ⁇ a graph illustrating the average number of clusters per stock at 29 days after the frost episode that took place at T0.
- Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the estimated percentage of counterfruiting buds in these two modalities.
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Abstract
The subject of the invention is the use of a mobile light exposure device (1) that delivers light pulses to a plant material (2), comprising a first emission module (3) for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel; a second adjusting and/or switching module (6), remote from or on the device, for adjusting and/or switching on the optical power density of the treatment panel and optionally the temperature of said panel; and a locomotive means (4) for moving the device; for preventing and/or attenuating the effects on the plant material which are associated with abiotic stresses, preferably stresses associated with edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors.
Description
UTILISATION D' UN DISPOSITIF MOBILE DELIVRANT DES IMPULSIONS LUMINEUSES SUR UNE MATIERE VEGETALE POUR LA PREVENTION CONTRE LES IMPACTS LIES A DES STRESS USE OF A MOBILE DEVICE DELIVERING LIGHT PULSES ON PLANT MATERIAL FOR THE PREVENTION AGAINST IMPACTS RELATED TO STRESS
ABIOTIQUES ABIOTIC
Domaine technique Technical area
La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'agronomie. Elle concerne plus particulièrement l'utilisation d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse délivrant des impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale pour la prévention contre les impacts e† la minimisation des conséquences néfastes sur ladite matière végétale, liés à des stress abiotiques, préférentiellement des stress liés à des facteurs édaphiques, climatiques ef/ou chimiques, ainsi qu'un procédé associé de prévention contre lesdifs impacts. The present invention relates to the field of agronomy. It relates more particularly to the use of a mobile light exposure device delivering light pulses to plant material for the prevention against impacts and the minimization of the harmful consequences on said plant material, linked to abiotic stresses, preferentially stress related to edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors, as well as an associated method of prevention against the said impacts.
Technique antérieure Prior technique
Du fai† de leur nature immobile, les plantes son† exposées à différents facteurs parfois hostiles tels que des stress abiotiques. Due to their immobile nature, plants are exposed to various sometimes hostile factors such as abiotic stresses.
On appelle stress abiotiques, les facteurs environnementaux qui perturbent le fonctionnement d'une plante. Parmi ces facteurs, on retrouve différents facteurs environnementaux tels que par exemple un sol pollué ou riche en sels, un manque d'eau, des fortes variations de température, du gel, du ven† ou de la grêle. Environmental factors that disrupt the functioning of a plant are called abiotic stress. Among these factors, there are various environmental factors such as, for example, polluted or salt-rich soil, a lack of water, strong temperature variations, frost, wind or hail.
Face à ces stress abiotiques, les plantes possèdent des mécanismes d'adaptation qui leur permettent de lutter pendant une durée limitée contre lesdits stress. Toutefois, en cas de stress prolongé, la qualité e† le rendement des plantes peuvent être impactés. Faced with these abiotic stresses, plants have adaptation mechanisms that allow them to fight for a limited time against said stresses. However, in the event of prolonged stress, the quality and yield of the plants can be impacted.
Ces mécanismes se traduisent notamment par l'activation de certains gènes qui permettent de synthétiser des protéines de réponse au stress spécifiques ou non. These mechanisms result in particular in the activation of certain genes which make it possible to synthesize specific or non-specific stress response proteins.
Pour éviter la destruction partielle ou totale des plantes, il existe déjà certaines solutions permettant de lutter contre les stress abiotiques notamment lors de stress liés à des facteurs climatiques. To avoid the partial or total destruction of plants, there are already some solutions to fight against abiotic stress, especially during stress related to climatic factors.
En cas de gelées par exemple, il es† classiquement préconisé de mettre en place des techniques pour éviter la formation de gel sur les plantes. In the event of frost, for example, it is classically recommended to set up techniques to avoid the formation of frost on the plants.
Les principaux moyens de lutte directe connus contre le gel son† les suivants : le recouvrement des sols ; la formation de fumée ou de brouillard ; l'aspersion d'eau à faible débit ; le brassage de l'air par des tours antigel ; ou encore le chauffage par l'utilisation de chaufferettes au fuel ou des bougies de paraffine pour réchauffer l'air. The main known means of direct fight against frost are† the following: covering the ground; the formation of smoke or fog; low-flow water sprinkling; the mixing of the air by antifreeze towers; or even heating by using oil heaters or paraffin candles to heat the air.
De façon plus spectaculaire, des hélicoptères on† également été mobilisés afin de lutter contre le gel. Leur action de balayage de l'air peu† parfois suffire à augmenter la température de quelques degrés e† ainsi éviter l' anéantissement partiel ou total des cultures. Même si, sur le plan technique, les résultats apparaissent probants, sur le plan
écologique e† financier, ceffe solution ne semble pas adaptée. Par ailleurs, la mise en oeuvre nécessite beaucoup de préparation. More spectacularly, helicopters were also mobilized to combat the frost. Their action of sweeping the air can sometimes suffice to increase the temperature by a few degrees and thus avoid the partial or total annihilation of crops. Even if, on the technical level, the results appear convincing, on the ecological and financial, this solution does not seem appropriate. Moreover, the implementation requires a lot of preparation.
L'utilisation de certaines de ces techniques peut d'une part être onéreuse et/ou polluante et d'autre part contraignante car le moment de mise en place de ces moyens de lutte doit être réalisé en prévention de l'épisode de gel. The use of some of these techniques can on the one hand be expensive and/or polluting and on the other hand restrictive because the moment of installation of these means of fight must be carried out in prevention of the episode of freezing.
Par exemple, la société WEENAT™ a développé un capteur de gel connecté permettant de suivre le risque de gel en direct des cultures afin de prévoir la mise en place des moyens de lutte contre le gel. For example, the company WEENAT™ has developed a connected frost sensor allowing direct monitoring of the risk of frost on crops in order to plan the implementation of means to fight against frost.
Toutefois ce dispositif ne propose pas d'alternative aux moyens de lutte classiques contre le gel qui restent pour la plupart contraignants à mettre en place. However, this device does not offer an alternative to the conventional means of combating freezing, which for the most part remain restrictive to put in place.
Le document CN210782298 divulgue une toile de revêtement de protection thermique efficace résistant aux basses températures et antivieillissement pour la protection hivernale de la vigne. Selon ce document, la superposition d'une couche de contact en polyéthylène, d'une couche de liaison inférieure, d'une couche de tresse en polyéthylène, d'une couche de liaison supérieure et d'une couche extérieure en polyéthylène permet une bonne conservation de la chaleur, une résistance structurelle élevée, une résistance aux basses températures. Toutefois, l'utilisation d'une telle toile est particulièrement fastidieuse, chronophage, coûteuse, et nécessite une grande quantité de matières pas nécessairement recyclables. CN210782298 discloses an effective low temperature resistant and anti-aging thermal protective coating fabric for winter protection of vines. According to this document, the superposition of a polyethylene contact layer, a lower bonding layer, a polyethylene braid layer, an upper bonding layer and an outer polyethylene layer allows good heat preservation, high structural strength, low temperature resistance. However, the use of such a fabric is particularly tedious, time-consuming, expensive, and requires a large quantity of materials that are not necessarily recyclable.
Dans le cadre du développement d'une agriculture respectueuse et non polluante pour l'environnement, il est nécessaire de trouver des solutions alternatives plus écologiques, plus simples à mettre en place et, si possible, moins coûteuses. As part of the development of an agriculture that respects and does not pollute the environment, it is necessary to find alternative solutions that are more ecological, simpler to set up and, if possible, less expensive.
Problème technique Technical problem
Considérant ce qui précède, un problème que se propose de résoudre la présente invention consiste à proposer une nouvelle méthode de prévention ou de lutte contre les impacts liés à des stress abiotiques sur une matière végétale et ainsi minimiser les conséquences néfastes sur ladite matière végétale. Considering the foregoing, a problem which the present invention proposes to solve consists in proposing a new method for preventing or combating the impacts linked to abiotic stresses on a plant material and thus minimizing the harmful consequences on said plant material.
Cette alternative doit permettre d'obtenir une matière végétale plus résistante aux stress abiotiques tels que des stress liés à des facteurs édaphiques, climatiques et/ou chimiques, sans détérioration, et dont la croissance et le développement n'est pas ou moins affectée quantitativement et qualitativement. This alternative must make it possible to obtain plant material that is more resistant to abiotic stresses such as stresses linked to edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors, without deterioration, and whose growth and development is not or less affected quantitatively and qualitatively.
Par ailleurs, l'utilisation du dispositif se doit d'être peu voire non polluante afin de préserver l'environnement, mais également simple à mettre en place. Furthermore, the use of the device must be little or even non-polluting in order to preserve the environment, but also simple to set up.
Ses applications doivent être réalisables facilement à différentes échelles, aussi bien sous serre qu'en champ. Its applications must be easily achievable at different scales, both in greenhouses and in the field.
Solution technique Technical solution
La solution à ce problème posé a pour premier objet l'utilisation d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse délivrant des impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale comprenant :
- un premier module d'émission d'une ou de plusieurs impulsions lumineuses, comprenant au moins un panneau de traitement lumineux ; The solution to this problem has as its first object the use of a mobile light exposure device delivering light pulses on plant material comprising: - a first module for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel;
- un deuxième module de réglage et/ou d'allumage, à distance ou sur le dispositif, de la densité de puissance optique du panneau de traitement e† éventuellement de la température dudit panneau ; e† - a second module for adjusting and/or switching on, remotely or on the device, the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly the temperature of said panel; e†
- un moyen de locomotion permettant le déplacement dudit dispositif ; pour la prévention ef/ou l'atténuation des impacts sur ladite matière végétale, liés à des stress abiotiques, préférentiellement des stress liés à des facteurs édaphiques, climatiques ef/ou chimiques. - A means of locomotion allowing the movement of said device; for the prevention and/or mitigation of impacts on said plant material, linked to abiotic stresses, preferably stresses linked to edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors.
Le Demandeur a pu mettre en évidence que le traitement des cultures par lumière es† une piste intéressante pouvant être mise en place afin de prévenir les impacts liés à des stress abiotiques. The Applicant has been able to demonstrate that the treatment of cultures with light is† an interesting avenue that can be implemented in order to prevent the impacts linked to abiotic stresses.
En effet, la lumière es† un facteur environnemental important qui régule la croissance e† le développement des plantes. Les plantes on† besoin de lumière non seulement pour la photosynthèse, la croissance végétative, mais aussi pour la régulation des processus de développement des organes reproducteurs. Indeed, light is an important environmental factor that regulates plant growth and development. Plants need light not only for photosynthesis, vegetative growth, but also for the regulation of reproductive organ development processes.
La lumière d'origine solaire es† notamment composée de rayonnements ultraviolets. Parmi ces rayonnements, seuls les UV-A (320-400 nm) e† UV-B (280-320 nm) atteignent la surface de la Terre car les rayonnements UV-C (200-280 nm) son† absorbés par la couche d'ozone. Light of solar origin is† notably composed of ultraviolet radiation. Among these radiations, only UV-A (320-400 nm) and† UV-B (280-320 nm) reach the surface of the Earth because UV-C radiation (200-280 nm) is† absorbed by the of ozone.
La lumière UV-C peu† être créée artificiellement par différents processus physiques. Il existe différents types de lampes, notamment des diodes électroluminescentes (LED), des lampes à vapeur de mercure à basse pression ou encore des lampes au xénon qui permettent l'émission de rayonnements UV-C. UV-C light can† be created artificially by various physical processes. There are different types of lamps, including light-emitting diodes (LEDs), low-pressure mercury vapor lamps or even xenon lamps which allow the emission of UV-C radiation.
Actuellement, les rayonnements UV-C son† connus pour être utilisés à des fins de désinfection e† d'élimination mais leur utilisation pour prévenir e† minimiser les conséquences néfastes des stress abiotiques n'es† pas envisagée. Currently, UV-C radiation is† known to be used for disinfection and elimination purposes, but its use to prevent and minimize the harmful consequences of abiotic stresses is not considered.
Plus particulièrement, le Demandeur a démontré que les rayonnements notamment les UV-C délivrés à une plante sous forme d'impulsions lumineuses, on† un effet préventif sur les plantes ce qui permet de réduire les impacts liés à des stress abiotiques. More particularly, the Applicant has demonstrated that the radiation, in particular UV-C, delivered to a plant in the form of light pulses, has a preventive effect on the plants, which makes it possible to reduce the impacts linked to abiotic stresses.
L'invention a pour autre objet un procédé de prévention et/ou d'atténuation des impacts de stress abiotiques sur une matière végétale, par délivrance d'impulsions lumineuses sur ladite matière végétale, comprenant les étapes suivantes de : Another subject of the invention is a method for preventing and/or mitigating the impacts of abiotic stress on plant material, by delivering light pulses to said plant material, comprising the following steps:
- mise en place d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse comprenant un premier module d'émission d'une ou de plusieurs impulsions lumineuses, comprenant au moins un panneau de traitement lumineux ; un deuxième module de réglage et/ou d'allumage, à distance ou sur le dispositif, de la densité de puissance optique du panneau de traitement e† éventuellement de la température dudi† panneau ; e† un moyen de locomotion
permettant le déplacement dudit dispositif, sur une exploitation agricole comprenant des plantations à traiter ; - Installation of a mobile light exposure device comprising a first module for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel; a second module for adjusting and/or switching on, remotely or on the device, the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly the temperature of the panel; e† a means of transport allowing the movement of said device, on a farm comprising plantations to be treated;
- passage dudit dispositif délivrant des impulsions lumineuses (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible) à travers les plantations, combiné à une exposition directe de ladite matière végétale des plantations à des impulsions lumineuses de longueurs d'ondes ef/ou de durées identiques ou différentes, caractérisé en ce que les longueurs d'ondes son† identiques ou différentes e† son† comprises entre 200 nm e† 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible), préférentiellement entre 200 nm e† 280 nm (UV-C) e† en ce que les durées d'exposition son† identiques ou différentes mais d'une durée inférieure ou égale à quatre secondes, préférentiellement inférieure ou égale à deux secondes. - passage of said device delivering light pulses (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light) through the plantations, combined with direct exposure of said plant material from the plantations to light pulses of wavelengths ef /or of identical or different durations, characterized in that the identical or different son† wavelengths e† son† between 200 nm and† 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light) , preferably between 200 nm e† 280 nm (UV-C) e† in that the exposure times are identical or different but of a duration less than or equal to four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
Avantages apportés Benefits provided
L'invention développée consiste en l'utilisation d'un dispositif mobile émettant des impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale, présentant des qualités d'adaptabilité e† de facilité d'utilisation régulière pour le traitement de cultures de taille variable. The invention developed consists of the use of a mobile device emitting light pulses on plant material, having qualities of adaptability and ease of regular use for the treatment of crops of variable size.
La lutte contre le réchauffement climatique étant un enjeu actuel important, privilégier l'utilisation de solutions émettant moins de gaz à effet de serre es† préférée. As the fight against global warming is an important current issue, favoring the use of solutions that emit less greenhouse gases is preferred.
L'utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention produit peu d'énergie grise e† es† donc plus écologique que les solutions existantes à ce jour. The use of a device according to the invention produces little embodied energy and is therefore more ecological than the solutions existing to date.
L'utilisation des rayonnements UV préférentiellement les UV-C sous forme d'impulsions lumineuses permettant des temps d'expositions plus courts es† plus avantageuse pour la prévention contre les impacts liés à des stress abiotiques. The use of UV radiation preferentially UV-C in the form of light pulses allowing shorter exposure times is more advantageous for the prevention against impacts related to abiotic stresses.
Le Demandeur a pu par ailleurs mettre en évidence que l'application d'impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale permet notamment : The Applicant has also been able to demonstrate that the application of light pulses to plant material makes it possible in particular:
- une durée d'application des rayons UV-C réduite ; - reduced duration of application of UV-C rays;
- une stimulation de la production des protéines de défense contre les stress abiotiques ; - stimulation of the production of defense proteins against abiotic stresses;
- un meilleur rendement des plantes ayant été exposés à des stress abiotiques ;- better yield of plants that have been exposed to abiotic stresses;
- une meilleure résistance des plantes exposées à une température basse comme en cas d'épisode de gel ; e† - better resistance of plants exposed to low temperatures such as in the event of a frost episode; e†
- une meilleure résistance des plantes exposées à une température élevée comme en cas d'épisode de canicule. - better resistance of plants exposed to high temperature such as in the event of a heat wave.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
L'invention e† les avantages qui en découlent seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description e† des modes de réalisation non limitatifs qui suivent, illustrés au regard des dessins annexés dans lesquels : The invention and the resulting advantages will be better understood on reading the description and the non-limiting embodiments which follow, illustrated with reference to the appended drawings in which:
La figure 1 illustre en vue de face un dispositif utilisable selon l'invention qui es† un module mobile d'exposition lumineuse 1 comprenant un premier module d'émission
d'impulsions lumineuses 3 double face maintenu par un dispositif enjambeur 5 monté sur un tracteur 4. FIG. 1 illustrates a front view of a device that can be used according to the invention, which is a mobile light exposure module 1 comprising a first emission module of double-sided light pulses 3 maintained by a straddle device 5 mounted on a tractor 4.
La figure 2 montre, en vue de face, un exemple de structure possible d'un corps réflecteur 7 d'un dispositif utilisable selon l'invention comprenant au moins une source lumineuse 8, des réflecteurs 9 et un bloc de régulation de la température 10. FIG. 2 shows, in front view, an example of a possible structure of a reflector body 7 of a device that can be used according to the invention comprising at least one light source 8, reflectors 9 and a temperature regulation block 10 .
La figure 3 montre, en vue de profil, la composition d'un exemple de corps réflecteur 7 d'un dispositif utilisable selon l'invention comprenant le bloc de régulation de la température 10 ainsi qu'un ensemble de capteurs de température et de puissance lumineuse 11. FIG. 3 shows, in side view, the composition of an example of reflector body 7 of a device that can be used according to the invention comprising the temperature regulation block 10 as well as a set of temperature and power sensors bright 11.
La figure 4 est un graphique associé à l'exemple 1 permettant de mettre en évidence les effets de l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention sur le pourcentage de bourgeons et de feuilles de vigne ayant gelés suite à un épisode de gel. FIG. 4 is a graph associated with example 1 making it possible to highlight the effects of the use of the device according to the invention on the percentage of buds and vine leaves having frozen following an episode of frost.
La figure 5 est un graphique associé à l'exemple 2 permettant de mettre en évidence les effets de l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention sur le rendement d'un vignoble suite à un épisode de canicule. FIG. 5 is a graph associated with example 2 making it possible to highlight the effects of the use of the device according to the invention on the yield of a vineyard following a heat wave episode.
La figure 6 est un graphique illustrant le nombre moyen de grappes par cep 29 jours après un épisode de gel ayant eu lieu à T0. FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the average number of bunches per stock 29 days after a frost episode that took place at T0.
La figure 7 est un graphique illustrant le pourcentage estimé de contre bourgeons fructifères dans ces deux modalités. Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the estimated percentage of counterfruiting buds in these two modalities.
Description des modes de réalisation Description of embodiments
Dans cette description, à moins qu'il ne soit spécifié autrement, il est entendu que, lorsqu'un intervalle est donné, il inclut les bornes supérieure et inférieure dudit intervalle. In this description, unless otherwise specified, it is understood that when an interval is given, it includes the upper and lower limits of said interval.
L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse UV à des fins de prévention contre les impacts sur une matière végétale liés à des stress abiotiques. The invention relates to the use of a mobile device for UV light exposure for the purposes of preventing impacts on plant material linked to abiotic stresses.
Le document W09533374 divulgue l'utilisation d'un véhicule sur rails se déplaçant de manière latérale afin d'émettre une décharge lumineuse composé d'un mélange d'UV- A, B, C, de lumière visible et d'infrarouge. Le temps d'exposition des plantes à cette décharge lumineuse est inférieur à dix secondes et préférentiellement de trois secondes. L'utilisation de ce dispositif est destinée à la destruction des plantes indésirables mais son utilisation pour la prévention contre les impacts sur une matière végétale liés à des stress abiotiques n'est pas envisagée. Document WO9533374 discloses the use of a rail vehicle moving laterally to emit a luminous discharge composed of a mixture of UV-A, B, C, visible light and infrared. The exposure time of the plants to this light discharge is less than ten seconds and preferably three seconds. The use of this device is intended for the destruction of undesirable plants but its use for the prevention against impacts on plant material linked to abiotic stresses is not envisaged.
De même, le document EP3143869 décrit une méthode permettant de stimuler la résistance des plantes face aux stress biotiques par application d'UV-B et/ou d'UV-C pendant une durée inférieure ou égale à une seconde à des doses inférieures à 10 kJ/m2. Similarly, document EP3143869 describes a method for stimulating plant resistance to biotic stress by applying UV-B and/or UV-C for a period of less than or equal to one second at doses of less than 10 kJ/ m2 .
L'homme du métier ne suggère donc pas l'utilisation des rayonnements UV à des fins de prévention contre les impacts sur une matière végétale liés à des stress abiotiques.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse 1 délivrant des impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale 2, tel qu'illustré à la figure 1. Un tel dispositif comprend avantageusement : A person skilled in the art therefore does not suggest the use of UV radiation for purposes of prevention against the impacts on a plant material linked to abiotic stresses. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of a mobile light exposure device 1 delivering light pulses to a plant material 2, as illustrated in FIG. 1. Such a device advantageously comprises:
- un premier module d'émission 3 d'une ou de plusieurs impulsions lumineuses, comprenant au moins un panneau de fraifemenf lumineux ; - A first module 3 for transmitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light-fraifemenf panel;
- un deuxième module de réglage ef/ou d'allumage, à distance ou sur le dispositif, de la densité de puissance optique du panneau de fraifemenf et éventuellement de la température dudit panneau ; et - A second adjustment module ef / or ignition, remotely or on the device, the optical power density of the fraifemenf panel and optionally the temperature of said panel; and
- un moyen de locomotion 4 permettant le déplacement dudit dispositif. - A means of locomotion 4 allowing the movement of said device.
Par exposition lumineuse, le Demandeur désigne une ou plusieurs sources lumineuses 8 provenant dudit dispositif émettant à des longueurs d'ondes comprises entre 200 nm et 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible). By light exposure, the Applicant designates one or more light sources 8 coming from said device emitting at wavelengths between 200 nm and 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light).
Le premier module du dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse 1 comprend au moins un panneau de fraifemenf lumineux. The first module of the mobile light exposure device 1 comprises at least one light frame panel.
De préférence, le premier module du dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse 1 comprend une ou plusieurs lampes à décharges permettant d' émettre en continu ou sous forme de flash, une ou plusieurs impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale. Preferably, the first module of the mobile light exposure device 1 comprises one or more discharge lamps making it possible to emit continuously or in the form of a flash, one or more light pulses on plant material.
A fifre d'exemples non limitatifs de lampes utilisables, on peu† citer les lampes à décharges basse, moyenne ou haute pression tel que les lampes à vapeurs de mercure (notamment raie à 254 nm), les lampes à lumière pulsée ou Xénon, les lampes Excimères ou les lampes à diodes électroluminescentes. Aside from non-limiting examples of lamps that can be used, we can† cite low, medium or high pressure discharge lamps such as mercury vapor lamps (in particular 254 nm line), pulsed light or Xenon lamps, Excimer lamps or light-emitting diode lamps.
Selon l'invention, le temps d'exposition des plantes à ce††e décharge lumineuse es† inférieur à quatre secondes e† préférentiellement inférieur ou égal à deux secondes. According to the invention, the time of exposure of the plants to this light discharge is† less than four seconds and† preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
Les impulsions lumineuses délivrées sur la matière végétale 2 se caractérisent notamment par leur durée e† par leurs longueurs d'ondes identiques ou différentes. The light pulses delivered to the plant material 2 are characterized in particular by their duration e† by their identical or different wavelengths.
Par impulsion lumineuse, on entend une impulsion lumineuse perçue par la plante : soi† au moyen d'un dispositif générant une densité de puissance optique continue dans le temps e† délimitée dans l'espace, qui par passage dudi† dispositif crée pour la plante une impulsion lumineuse, soi† au moyen d'un dispositif qui génère des flashs lumineux (densité de puissance optique délimitée dans l'espace e† discontinue dans le temps) e† qui passe également le long des rangs. By light pulse is meant a light pulse perceived by the plant: itself† by means of a device generating a continuous optical power density over time e† delimited in space, which by passage of the di† device creates for the plant a light pulse, itself† by means of a device that generates light flashes (optical power density bounded in space e† discontinued in time) e† which also passes along the rows.
Autrement dit, les impulsions lumineuses délivrées sur une matière végétale selon l'invention peuvent être générées soi† par des flashs, par exemple de la lumière pulsée, soi† par le passage à une vitesse contrôlée d'une lumière en continu, par déplacement d'un moyen de locomotion 4. In other words, the light pulses delivered to a plant material according to the invention can be generated either† by flashes, for example pulsed light, or† by the passage at a controlled speed of a continuous light, by displacement of a means of transport 4.
Ainsi, les durées des impulsions lumineuses reçues par la matière végétale, que ce soi† par une lumière diffusée en continu ou bien une lumière pulsée, son† nécessairement inférieures à quatre secondes, préférentiellement inférieures ou égales à deux secondes.
De préférence, la durée des impulsions lumineuses délivrées sur la matière végétale est comprise entre deux secondes et un dixième de milliseconde. De préférence encore, elle est comprise entre une seconde et un centième de seconde. Les valeurs particulièrement préférées utilisées par le Demandeur sont d'une seconde, d'un dixième de seconde, d'un centième de seconde ou encore des valeurs comprises entre 300 MS et 500Thus, the durations of the light pulses received by the plant material, whether by continuous light or pulsed light, are necessarily less than four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds. Preferably, the duration of the light pulses delivered to the plant material is between two seconds and one tenth of a millisecond. More preferably, it is between one second and one hundredth of a second. The particularly preferred values used by the Applicant are one second, one tenth of a second, one hundredth of a second or even values between 300 MS and 500
Ms. Mrs.
Le nombre et la fréquence des impulsions lumineuses sont modulés en fonction de la nature de la matière végétale 2 à traiter. The number and the frequency of the light pulses are modulated according to the nature of the plant material 2 to be treated.
Les longueurs d'ondes des impulsions lumineuses sont généralement comprises entre 200 nm et 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible), préférentiellement entre 200 nm et 280 nm (UV-C). De manière plus avantageuse encore, elles sont comprises entre 220 nm et 260 nm. The wavelengths of the light pulses are generally between 200 nm and 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light), preferentially between 200 nm and 280 nm (UV-C). Even more advantageously, they are between 220 nm and 260 nm.
Selon un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, les impulsions lumineuses délivrées à une matière végétale 2 par le dispositif selon l'invention sont issues d'une lumière en continu diffusant préférentiellement des UV-C par un moyen de locomotion lancé à vitesse moyenne, c'est-à-dire comprise entre 1 km/h et 15 km/h, préférentiellement entre 2 km/h et 10 km/h, plus préférentiellement entre 3 km/h et 5 km/h. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the light pulses delivered to a plant material 2 by the device according to the invention come from a continuous light preferentially diffusing UV-C by a means of locomotion launched at medium speed , that is to say between 1 km/h and 15 km/h, preferably between 2 km/h and 10 km/h, more preferably between 3 km/h and 5 km/h.
Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif de l'invention, les impulsions lumineuses peuvent être des flashs d' UV-C qui sont avantageusement des flashs de 0,5 à 2 secondes délivrés par le dispositif selon l'invention par un moyen de locomotion lancé à vitesse faible, c'est-à-dire inférieurà environ 1 km/h, préférentiellement comprise entre 0,2 km/h et 1 km/h, plus préférentiellement comprise entre 0,5 km/h et 1 km/h. Par ailleurs, il est également possible d'envisager de superposer des impulsions lumineuses différentes (en termes de longueur d'onde, de durée ou de puissance) lors du passage du dispositif. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the light pulses can be UV-C flashes which are advantageously flashes of 0.5 to 2 seconds delivered by the device according to the invention by a means of locomotion launched at low speed, that is to say less than about 1 km/h, preferably between 0.2 km/h and 1 km/h, more preferably between 0.5 km/h and 1 km/h. Furthermore, it is also possible to envisage superimposing different light pulses (in terms of wavelength, duration or power) during the passage of the device.
Cela rend notamment possible une utilisation de différentes impulsions lumineuses de façon simultanée, séparée ou étalée dans le temps. This in particular makes it possible to use different light pulses simultaneously, separately or spread over time.
Par matière végétale, on entend une plante entière ou une partie d'une plante telle qu'une feuille, un fruit, une tige, une fleur, encore une racine. By plant material is meant an entire plant or part of a plant such as a leaf, a fruit, a stem, a flower, or even a root.
Préférentiellement, la matière végétale (2) est une plante, un fruit, un légume, un vitroplant, une algue, un tubercule ou tout autre organe d'une plante. Preferably, the plant material (2) is a plant, a fruit, a vegetable, a tissue culture plant, an algae, a tuber or any other organ of a plant.
Préférentiellement, ladite matière végétale 2 provient d'exploitations agricoles comprenant des plantations. Ces plantations relèvent de l'agriculture, de la sylviculture ou de l'horticulture, telles que les cultures maraîchères, fruitières, céréalières, oléagineuses, protéagineuses, médicinales ou industrielles. Preferably, said plant material 2 comes from farms comprising plantations. These plantations relate to agriculture, forestry or horticulture, such as market gardening, fruit, cereal, oilseed, protein, medicinal or industrial crops.
A titre d'exemples non limitatifs de matière végétale utilisable, on peut citer, les familles végétales suivantes : Actinidiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cannabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae, Lythraceae, Musaceae, Poaceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae et Vitaceae.
On peu† également citer l'herbe, c'est-à-dire toute plante annuelle ou vivace, non arborescente, faisan† partie des monocofylédones, de couleur généralement verte. Plus particulièrement l'herbe désigne couramment les graminées, notamment les graminées fourragères, qui constituent les herbages, les prairies et les pelouses, et les familles voisines par leur morphologie, joncacées (les joncs) e† cypéracées (les carex). As non-limiting examples of plant material that can be used, mention may be made of the following plant families: Actinidiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Arecaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cannabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Liliaceae, Lythraceae, Musaceae, Poaceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae , Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae and Vitaceae. We can also cite grass, that is to say any annual or perennial plant, non-arborescent, forming part of the monocofyledons, generally green in color. More specifically, grass commonly designates grasses, in particular forage grasses, which make up grasslands, meadows and lawns, and the neighboring families by their morphology, juncaceae (rushes) and sedges (sedges).
De préférence, les espèces végétales utilisées son† : Preferably, the plant species used are†:
- Fragaria virginiana ou Fragaria ananassa (Fraise), - Fragaria virginiana or Fragaria ananassa (Strawberry),
- Fragaria vesca (Fraise des bois), - Fragaria vesca (Wild strawberry),
- Vaccinium macrocarpon (Airelle à gros fruits), - Vaccinium macrocarpon (Cranberry),
- Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Airelle rouge), - Vaccinium vitis-idaea (Cranberry),
- Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia), - Aronia melanocarpa (Aronia),
- Vaccinium oxycoccos (Canneberge), - Vaccinium oxycoccos (Cranberry),
- Ribes nigrum (Cassis), - Ribes nigrum (Cassis),
- Lycium barbarum (Goji ou lyciet), - Lycium barbarum (Goji or wolfberry),
- Ribes rubrum (Groseille), - Ribes rubrum (Currant),
- Ribes uva-crispa (Groseille à maquereau), - Ribes uva-crispa (Gooseberry),
- Vaccinium myrfillus (Myrtille), - Vaccinium myrfillus (Bilberry),
- Sambucus nigra (Sureau noir), - Sambucus nigra (Black elder),
- Rubus idaeus (Framboise), - Rubus idaeus (Raspberry),
- Punica granafum (Grenade), - Punica granafum (Pomegranate),
- Prunus avium (Cerisier), - Prunus avium (Cherry),
- Rubus fruficosus (Mûre), - Rubus fruficosus (Blackberry),
- Rubusxloganobaccus (Mûre de Logan), - Rubusxloganobaccus (Loganberry),
- Vitis vinifera (Vigne), - Vitis vinifera (Vine),
- Malus domesiica (Pomme), - Malus domestica (Apple),
- Pyrus commuais (Poire), - Pyrus communais (Pear),
- Prunus armeniaca (Abricotier) e† autres formes de Prunus - Prunus armeniaca (Apricot) and other forms of Prunus
- Actinidia chinensis (Kiwi) - Actinidia chinensis (Kiwifruit)
- Solarium melongena (Aubergine), - Solarium melongena (Eggplant),
- Daucus carofa (Carotte), - Daucus carofa (Carrot),
- Lactuca sativa (Laitue), - Lactuca sativa (Lettuce),
- Cucumis sativus (Concombre), - Cucumis sativus (Cucumber),
- Capsicum annuum (Poivron), - Capsicum annuum (Pepper),
- Solarium iuberosum (Pomme de terre), - Solarium iuberosum (Potato),
- Cucurbita pepo (Courgette), - Cucurbita pepo (Zucchini),
- Asparagus officinalis (Asperge), - Asparagus officinalis (Asparagus),
- Rosa hybrida ( Rose) , - Rosa hybrida (Pink) ,
- Gerbera sp. (Gerbera), - Gerbera sp. (Gerberas),
- Cannabis sativa (Cannabis),
- Cyclamen sp. (Cyclamen). - Cannabis sativa (Cannabis), - Cyclamen sp. (Cyclamen).
De préférence, la matière végétale 2 est choisie parmi le fraisier, la tomate, le rosier, le concombre, les petits fruits rouges, le cannabis, la vigne, l'asperge, la pomme de terre, l'herbe, l'abricotier et le pommier. Preferably, the plant material 2 is chosen from strawberries, tomatoes, roses, cucumbers, small red fruits, cannabis, vines, asparagus, potatoes, grass, apricot and the Apple tree.
Le deuxième module de réglage et/ou d'allumage 6, non visible sur la figure 1 , peut être contrôlé à distance ou directement sur le dispositif. The second adjustment and/or ignition module 6, not visible in FIG. 1, can be controlled remotely or directly on the device.
De préférence, le deuxième module de réglage et/ou d'allumage 6 permet à la fois un réglage de la densité de puissance optique du panneau de traitement mais également de la température dudit panneau. Preferably, the second adjustment and/or ignition module 6 allows both adjustment of the optical power density of the treatment panel but also of the temperature of said panel.
La température du panneau est régulée de manière active, par un ventilateur par exemple, ou passive, par un diffuseur thermique par exemple, par un bloc de régulation de la température 10 qui modifie la température grâce aux données qu'il reçoit d'un capteur de température 1 1 , comme illustrée dans la figure 3. The temperature of the panel is regulated in an active way, by a fan for example, or passively, by a heat diffuser for example, by a temperature regulation block 10 which modifies the temperature thanks to the data which it receives from a sensor temperature 1 1 , as shown in figure 3.
De préférence encore, le deuxième module de réglage et/ou d'allumage 6 permet de contrôler un module de réglage mécanique assurant le bon positionnement des panneaux par rapport à la matière végétale 2, en particulier lorsque celle-ci est présentée sous la forme d'une culture basse. Preferably again, the second adjustment and/or ignition module 6 makes it possible to control a mechanical adjustment module ensuring the correct positioning of the panels with respect to the plant material 2, in particular when the latter is presented in the form of a low culture.
La densité de puissance optique du panneau permet une application d'une dose de radiation sur la matière végétale 2 comprise entre 50 J/m2 et 2000 J/m2 à la surface d'une matière végétale, pour toutes les formes de lampes à l'exception des lampes à Xénon (lumière pulsée), et entre 1000 et 20000 J/m2 pour les lampes à Xénon, préférentiellement entre 100 J/m2 et 1500 J/m2 à la surface d'une matière végétale pour toutes les lampes autres que les lampes à Xénon, et entre 5000 et 15000 J/m2 pour les lampes à Xénon. Les sources utilisées peuvent être notamment des lampes à décharges (notamment lampes basse, moyenne ou haute pression, lumière pulsée, lampes Excimer) ou LED. Les sources lumineuses 8 citées peuvent être avantageusement montées sur un support appelé corps réflecteur 7 comportant des réflecteurs 9 ainsi que le bloc de régulation de la température 10, afin de maîtriser le faisceau lumineux comme illustré dans la figure 2. The optical power density of the panel allows an application of a radiation dose on the plant material 2 of between 50 J/m 2 and 2000 J/m 2 on the surface of a plant material, for all forms of lamps with with the exception of Xenon lamps (pulsed light), and between 1000 and 20000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps, preferably between 100 J/m 2 and 1500 J/m 2 on the surface of plant material for all lamps other than Xenon lamps, and between 5000 and 15000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps. The sources used may in particular be discharge lamps (in particular low, medium or high pressure lamps, pulsed light, Excimer lamps) or LEDs. The light sources 8 mentioned can advantageously be mounted on a support called a reflector body 7 comprising reflectors 9 as well as the temperature regulation unit 10, in order to control the light beam as illustrated in FIG. 2.
Plus préférentiellement encore, la densité de puissance optique du panneau permet une application d'une dose de radiation comprise entre 250 J/m2 et 1400 J/m2 à la surface d'une matière végétale pour toutes les formes de lampes à l'exception des lampes à Xénon et entre 6000 et 14000 J/m2 pour les lampes à Xénon, avantageusement entre 200 J/m2 et 1200 J/m2 à la surface d' une matière végétale pour toutes les lampes autres que les lampes à Xénon, et entre 8000 et 12000 J/m2 pour les lampes à Xénon. More preferably still, the optical power density of the panel allows application of a radiation dose of between 250 J/m 2 and 1400 J/m 2 to the surface of a plant material for all forms of lamps at the exception of Xenon lamps and between 6000 and 14000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps, advantageously between 200 J/m 2 and 1200 J/m 2 on the surface of a plant material for all lamps other than Xenon lamps , and between 8000 and 12000 J/m2 for Xenon lamps.
De façon préférée : Preferably:
- la densité de puissance optique du panneau du dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse (1 ) permet une application d'une dose de radiation comprise entre 50 J/m2 et
2000 J/m2 à la surface de ladite matière végétale, pour toutes les sources lumineuses autres que la lumière pulsée, et entre 1000 et 20000 J/m2 pour la lumière pulsée ; - the optical power density of the panel of the mobile light exposure device (1) allows application of a radiation dose of between 50 J/m 2 and 2000 J/m 2 at the surface of said plant material, for all light sources other than pulsed light, and between 1000 and 20,000 J/m2 for pulsed light;
- les impulsions lumineuses délivrées sur la matière végétale (2) présentent des longueurs d'ondes identiques ou différentes comprises entre 200 nm et 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible) ; et - the light pulses delivered to the plant material (2) have identical or different wavelengths between 200 nm and 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light); and
- les durées d'exposition sur ladite matière végétale sont inférieures ou égales à quatre secondes, préférentiellement inférieures ou égales à deux secondes. - the exposure times on said plant material are less than or equal to four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
Préférentiellement, les impulsions lumineuses délivrées par le dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse (1 ) sur ladite matière végétale (2) sont issues d'une lumière diffusée en continu ou par lumière pulsée et présentent des longueurs d'ondes identiques ou différentes comprises entre 200 nm et 280 nm (UV-C), préférentiellement entre 220 nm et 260 nm, préférentiellement les impulsions lumineuses sont issues d'une lumière diffusée en continu. Preferably, the light pulses delivered by the mobile light exposure device (1) on said plant material (2) come from light diffused continuously or by pulsed light and have identical or different wavelengths between 200 nm and 280 nm (UV-C), preferentially between 220 nm and 260 nm, preferentially the light pulses come from a continuously diffused light.
Plus préférentiellement encore, la dose de radiation délivrée par le dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse (1) sous la forme d'impulsions lumineuses sur ladite matière végétale (2) est comprise entre 100 J/m2 et 1500 J/m2 à la surface d'une matière végétale pour toutes les sources lumineuses autres que la lumière pulsée, et entre 5000 et 15000 J/m2 pour la lumière pulsée. More preferably still, the dose of radiation delivered by the mobile light exposure device (1) in the form of light pulses on said plant material (2) is between 100 J/m 2 and 1500 J/m 2 at the surface of plant material for all light sources other than pulsed light, and between 5000 and 15000 J/m2 for pulsed light.
Bien entendu, l'homme du métier pourra adapter les réglages mentionnés ci-dessus en fonction de la surface et de la matière végétale 2 à traiter. Of course, those skilled in the art will be able to adapt the settings mentioned above according to the surface and the plant material 2 to be treated.
Le moyen de locomotion 4 permet le déplacement du dispositif. Le moyen de locomotion 4 est avantageusement un moyen de traction ou de propulsion. The means of locomotion 4 allows the movement of the device. The means of locomotion 4 is advantageously a traction or propulsion means.
Le moyen de locomotion 4 comprend ou non des roues motrices pouvant se déplacer sur tous types de surfaces ou sur rails. Il peut désigner selon la nature de la surface un appareil de traction composé de roues et assisté ou non par moteur. À titre d'exemples non limitatifs, on peut utiliser : The means of locomotion 4 may or may not include drive wheels that can move on all types of surfaces or on rails. It can designate, depending on the nature of the surface, a traction device composed of wheels and assisted or not by motor. By way of non-limiting examples, one can use:
- une brouette ou un chariot ; - a wheelbarrow or cart;
- un appareil de locomotion composé de roues se déplaçant sur rails se présentant par exemple sous la forme d'un chariot de traitement spécialisé ; - a locomotion device consisting of wheels moving on rails, for example in the form of a specialized treatment trolley;
- un tracteur couplé à une structure type enjambeur 5 pour les plus grandes superficies à traiter, ou - a tractor coupled to a straddle type structure 5 for the largest areas to be treated, or
- un espace de stockage composé de sangles à transporter sur le dos tel qu' un sac à dos par exemple. - a storage space composed of straps to be carried on the back such as a backpack for example.
De préférence, le moyen de locomotion 4 utilisé est un appareil de traction ou propulsion composé de roues assisté par moteur thermique ou électrique. Preferably, the means of locomotion 4 used is a traction or propulsion device composed of wheels assisted by a heat or electric motor.
La superficie des zones à traiter est variable et peut généralement aller de 0,001 m2 à 100 hectares. Préférentiellement, la superficie des zones à traiter correspond à la taille d'un champ de culture, d'une pépinière, d'un espace vert, d'une serre, mais également d'un produit obtenu en post-récolte.
Selon l'invention, l'utilisation du dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse permet la prévention contre les impacts sur la matière végétale liés à des stress abiotiques. The surface area of the areas to be treated is variable and can generally range from 0.001 m 2 to 100 hectares. Preferably, the area of the zones to be treated corresponds to the size of a crop field, a nursery, a green space, a greenhouse, but also a product obtained post-harvest. According to the invention, the use of the mobile light exposure device allows prevention against the impacts on the plant material linked to abiotic stresses.
Par impact sur la matière végétale, on entend tou† dommage pouvant être causé à une matière végétale entraînant une altération du rendement et/ou de la qualité de la matière végétale tel qu'une altération du métabolisme, un dessèchement, une brûlure, une limitation ou un arrêt de la croissance, un développement irrégulier des fruits, un avortement des fleurs. “Impact on plant material” means any damage that may be caused to plant material leading to an alteration in the yield and/or quality of the plant material, such as an alteration in the metabolism, drying out, burning, limitation or stunted growth, uneven fruit development, flower abortion.
Par stress abiotiques, on entend des facteurs environnementaux tels que des facteurs édaphiques, climatiques et/ou chimiques. By abiotic stress is meant environmental factors such as edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors.
Dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'utilisation du dispositif permet la prévention contre les impacts sur la matière végétale liés à des facteurs édaphiques. In a first embodiment of the invention, the use of the device allows prevention against impacts on the plant material linked to edaphic factors.
Les facteurs édaphiques ton† référence aux propriétés physico-chimiques de la terre. Ces facteurs comprennent notamment la texture, la granulométrie, la structure, la porosité, la teneur en eau, le degré d'acidité, la teneur en éléments minéraux du sol à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. Edaphic factors ton† refer to the physico-chemical properties of the earth. These factors include in particular the texture, the grain size, the structure, the porosity, the water content, the degree of acidity, the content of mineral elements of the soil by way of non-limiting examples.
De manière préférentielle, les facteurs édaphiques correspondent à des stress salins. Les contraintes liées au stress salin peuvent être de deux types : stress hydrique e† toxicité du sodium ou du chlore due à leur accumulation excessive dans l'environnement des plantes e† dans les plantes. Preferably, the edaphic factors correspond to saline stresses. The stresses linked to salt stress can be of two types: water stress e† toxicity of sodium or chlorine due to their excessive accumulation in the environment of the plants e† in the plants.
De préférence encore, les facteurs édaphiques correspondent aux contaminants chimiques présents dans le sol tels que les métaux lourds ou non e† tou† autre contaminant chimique par exemple dérivé des produits phytosanitaires. Preferably again, the edaphic factors correspond to the chemical contaminants present in the soil such as heavy or non-heavy metals and any other chemical contaminant, for example derived from phytosanitary products.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, l'utilisation du dispositif permet la prévention contre les impacts sur la matière végétale liés à des facteurs climatiques. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the use of the device allows the prevention against the impacts on the plant material linked to climatic factors.
Selon l'invention, les stress abiotiques son† des stress liés à des facteurs climatiques, préférentiellement des variations élevées de température par rapport aux normales saisonnières, des épisodes de gel, de grêle, de canicule ou de sécheresse. According to the invention, the abiotic stresses are† stresses linked to climatic factors, preferably high variations in temperature with respect to seasonal norms, episodes of frost, hail, heat wave or drought.
Les facteurs climatiques peuvent notamment inclure les facteurs liés à la quantité, la qualité e† la répartition de l'eau dans un écosystème. Ils incluent également la température, la lumière e† l'humidité de l'air à titre d'exemples non limitatifs. Climatic factors can include factors related to the quantity, quality and distribution of water in an ecosystem. They also include temperature, light and air humidity by way of non-limiting examples.
De manière préférentielle, les facteurs climatiques correspondent à des variations élevées de température, notamment par rapport aux normales saisonnières, des épisodes de gel (température inférieur ou égale à 0°C), de froid (température supérieur à 0°C e† inférieur à 15°C), de grêle, des périodes excessivement fréquentes, longues ou intenses de canicule ou de sécheresse ou des vagues de froid non saisonnières. Preferably, the climatic factors correspond to high temperature variations, in particular compared to seasonal norms, episodes of frost (temperature less than or equal to 0°C), cold (temperature greater than 0°C and† less than 15°C), hail, excessively frequent, long or intense periods of heat wave or drought or unseasonal cold spells.
Par variations élevées de température par rapport aux normales saisonnières, on entend toute variation de température supérieure ou égale à 4°C par rapport aux normales
saisonnières , i.e. un changement de température anormal perceptible par la plante qui va entraîner une modification de son métabolisme e† de sa croissance. By high temperature variations compared to seasonal normals, we mean any temperature variation greater than or equal to 4°C compared to normals. seasonal, ie an abnormal temperature change perceptible by the plant which will lead to a modification of its metabolism and its growth.
Les normales saisonnières son† calculées sur une période de 30 ans e† répondent aux règles définies par l'Organisation mondiale de la météorologie (OMM), en vigueur depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. Les normales actuellement utilisées (1981 -2010) son† représentatives du clima† moyen sur une période autour des années 1990. Depuis plusieurs années, le réchauffement climatique s'es† accéléré. Aussi, les services météorologiques du monde entier mènent actuellement une opération de mise à jour des normales de référence sur la période 1991-2020. Début 2022, il y aura ainsi une publication de nouvelles données de référence sur le clima†, avec une évolution sensible attendue notamment pour les différents indicateurs liés aux températures ». Les nouvelles références climatiques seront « représentatives d'un clima† centré sur les années autour de 2005 ». Il y aura donc encore « un léger biais par rapport à la période actuelle ». Par exemple, la température moyenne en juin à Paris es† comprise entre 13,8°C min e† 22 ,7°C max, soi† une moyenne d'environ 18°C tandis que les précipitations son† en moyenne de 38 mm. The seasonal normals are† calculated over a period of 30 years and† comply with the rules defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), in force since the end of the 19th century. The normals currently used (1981 -2010) are representative of the average climate over a period around the 1990s. For several years, global warming has accelerated. Also, the meteorological services around the world are currently carrying out an operation to update the reference normals over the period 1991-2020. At the beginning of 2022, there will thus be a publication of new reference data on the climate†, with a significant evolution expected in particular for the various indicators related to temperatures”. The new climate references will be “representative of a climate† centered on the years around 2005”. There will therefore still be “a slight bias compared to the current period”. For example, the average temperature in June in Paris is† between 13.8°C min and† 22.7°C max, i† an average of about 18°C while rainfall is† an average of 38 mm .
Ces variations élevées de température peuvent également correspondre à une hausse de la température de +30°C, +27,5°C, +25°C, +22,5°C, +20°C, +17,5C, +15°C, +12,5°C + 10°C, +5°C, ou de +4°C, par rapport à une température initiale d'une plante, engendré par exemple lors d'épisodes de canicule. Ces variations de température peuvent également correspondre à une baisse de la température de - 20°C, -17,5°C, -15°C, -12,5°C , -10°C, -5°C, -4°C par rapport à une température initiale d'une plante engendré par exemple lors d'épisodes de gel. These high temperature variations can also correspond to a rise in temperature of +30°C, +27.5°C, +25°C, +22.5°C, +20°C, +17.5°C, + 15°C, +12.5°C + 10°C, +5°C, or +4°C, relative to an initial temperature of a plant, generated for example during episodes of heat wave. These temperature variations can also correspond to a drop in temperature of - 20°C, -17.5°C, -15°C, -12.5°C, -10°C, -5°C, -4 °C compared to an initial temperature of a plant generated for example during episodes of frost.
Par gel, on entend dans l'agriculture toute température de l'air au niveau du sol qui descend à ou en dessous de zéro degrés Celsius. Frost is used in agriculture to mean any air temperature at ground level that drops to or below zero degrees Celsius.
On distingue différents types de gel ou de gelées tel que les : There are different types of gel or jellies such as:
• les gelées blanches ; • white frosts;
• les gelées noires ; • black frosts;
• le gel d'advection ; • advection gel;
• le gel par radiation ; e† • freezing by radiation; e†
• le gel par évaporation. • freezing by evaporation.
Ces différents types de gelées peuvent aussi désigner les gelées automnales, les gelées d'hiver e† les gelées de printemps. These different types of frosts can also refer to fall frosts, winter frosts and spring frosts.
Les termes gel e† gelée peuvent être utilisés de manière interchangeable. The terms gel e† jelly can be used interchangeably.
Les dégâts du gel dans la plante son† essentiellement dus à la formation de cristaux de glace à l'intérieur des tissus, principalement entre les cellules. Frost damage in the plant is† essentially due to the formation of ice crystals inside the tissues, mainly between the cells.
Pour lutter contre ces dégâts, les plantes possèdent des mécanismes de protection permettant de contrer l'apparition de ces cristaux ou de contrôler la formation de ces cristaux pour limiter leurs dégâts.
Ces mécanismes permettent la synthèse de protéines de défense permettant de lutter notamment contre les stress abiotiques liés à des facteurs climatiques tel que le gel. To fight against this damage, plants have protective mechanisms to counter the appearance of these crystals or to control the formation of these crystals to limit their damage. These mechanisms allow the synthesis of defense proteins making it possible to fight in particular against abiotic stress linked to climatic factors such as frost.
Les protéines GLU-AFP, CHT-AFP, TLP-AFP chez le Seigle d'hiver (Secale cereate ), dcAFP chez la Carotte (Daucus carota), TalRll-2 chez le Blé d'hiver ( Triticum aestivum), BiCHT-1 chez le Brome inerme (Bromus inermis), PaAFP chez l'Epinette norvégienne (P/cea ab/es), PpAFP chez l'Epinette bleue (P/cea pungens ), CpCHT-AFP chez la Chimonanfhe odorante (Chimonanfhus praecox ) e† HrCHT-la/b chez l'Argousier (Hippophae rhamnoides ) permettent par exemple de lutter contre le gel en se liant aux cristaux de glace. The proteins GLU-AFP, CHT-AFP, TLP-AFP in winter rye (Secale cereate), dcAFP in carrot (Daucus carota), TalRll-2 in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), BiCHT-1 in smooth brome (Bromus inermis), PaAFP in Norwegian spruce (P/cea ab/es), PpAFP in blue spruce (P/cea pungens ), CpCHT-AFP in fragrant wintergreen (Chimonanfhus praecox ) e† HrCHT-la/b in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) makes it possible, for example, to fight against frost by binding to ice crystals.
Aussi, le demandeur a pu mettre en évidence une augmentation de la synthèse de telles protéines lors de I ' utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention. Also, the applicant was able to demonstrate an increase in the synthesis of such proteins when using the device according to the invention.
Certaines variétés de vignes tel que le cépage Sangiovese expriment des gènes impliqués dans la synthèse de composés phénoliques tels que les sfilbènes synfhases. Ces gènes son† activés lors d'épisodes de gel e† permettent d'abaisser la température de congélation de l'eau. Certain varieties of vines such as the Sangiovese grape variety express genes involved in the synthesis of phenolic compounds such as sfilbene synphases. These genes are† activated during freezing episodes and† lower the freezing temperature of water.
De même, le Demandeur a également pu mettre en évidence une activation forte de tous les gènes de « stilbènes synthases », environ 35 gènes différents, grâce à l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention. Similarly, the Applicant has also been able to demonstrate strong activation of all the “stilbene synthase” genes, approximately 35 different genes, through the use of the device according to the invention.
Dans un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'utilisation du dispositif permet la prévention contre les impacts sur la matière végétale liés à des stress liés à des facteurs chimiques. In another embodiment of the invention, the use of the device allows the prevention against the impacts on the plant material linked to stresses linked to chemical factors.
Les facteurs chimiques comprennent notamment les polluants atmosphériques comme les NOx, l'ozone, le S02 Chemical factors include air pollutants such as NOx, ozone, S02
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de prévention et/ou d'atténuation des impacts de stress abiotiques sur une matière végétale 2, par délivrance d'impulsions lumineuses sur ladite matière végétale 2, comprenant les étapes suivantes de : The invention also relates to a method for preventing and/or mitigating the impacts of abiotic stress on a plant material 2, by delivering light pulses to said plant material 2, comprising the following steps:
- mise en place d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse 1 comprenant un premier module d'émission 3 d'une ou de plusieurs impulsions lumineuses, comprenant au moins un panneau de traitement lumineux ; un deuxième module de réglage et/ou d' allumage 6, à distance ou sur le dispositif, de la densité de puissance optique du panneau de traitement e† éventuellement de la température dudi† panneau ; e† un moyen de locomotion 4 permettant le déplacement dudi† dispositif, sur une exploitation agricole comprenant des plantations à traiter ; - Installation of a mobile light exposure device 1 comprising a first module 3 for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel; a second adjustment and/or ignition module 6, remotely or on the device, of the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly of the temperature of the panel; e† a means of locomotion 4 allowing the movement of the device, on a farm comprising plantations to be treated;
- passage dudi† dispositif 1 délivrant des impulsions lumineuses (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible) à travers les plantations, combiné à une exposition directe de ladite matière végétale 2 des plantations à des impulsions lumineuses de longueurs d'ondes et/ou de durées identiques ou différentes, caractérisé en ce que les longueurs d'ondes son† identiques ou différentes e† son† comprises entre 200 nm e† 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible), préférentiellement
entre 200 nm et 280 nm (UV-C) et en ce que les durées d'exposition sont identiques ou différentes mais d'une durée inférieure ou égale à quatre secondes, préférentiellement inférieure ou égale à deux secondes. - passage of the di† device 1 delivering light pulses (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light) through the plantations, combined with direct exposure of said plant material 2 of the plantations to light pulses of lengths d waves and/or of identical or different durations, characterized in that the wavelengths are† identical or different and† are† between 200 nm and† 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light), preferably between 200 nm and 280 nm (UV-C) and in that the exposure times are identical or different but of a duration less than or equal to four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
Préférentiellement, le procédé selon l'invention es† utilisé dans la prévention et/ou l'atténuation des impacts de stress liés à des facteurs climatiques, préférentiellement des variations élevées de température par rapport aux normales saisonnières, des épisodes de gel, de grêle, de canicule ou de sécheresse. Preferably, the method according to the invention is† used in the prevention and/or mitigation of the impacts of stress linked to climatic factors, preferably high variations in temperature compared to seasonal norms, episodes of frost, hail, heat wave or drought.
De manière encore plus préférentielle, le procédé selon l'invention peu† également être utilisé pour le soin ou la réparation contre les impacts liés à des stress abiotiques. Even more preferentially, the method according to the invention can also be used for treatment or repair against impacts linked to abiotic stresses.
De manière préférentielle, les facteurs climatiques correspondent à des variations élevées de température par rapport aux normales saisonnières, des épisodes de gel, de froid, de grêle, de canicule ou de sécheresse tels que décrits ci-dessus. Preferably, the climatic factors correspond to high variations in temperature compared to seasonal norms, episodes of frost, cold, hail, heat wave or drought as described above.
Préférentiellement, le procédé selon l'invention es† adapté à une matière végétale 2 qui es† une plante, un fruit, un légume, un vitroplan†, un tubercule ou tou† autre organe d'une plante. Preferably, the method according to the invention is suitable for a plant material 2 which is a plant, a fruit, a vegetable, a vitroplan, a tuber or any other organ of a plant.
Le procédé selon l'invention concerne préférentiellement une matière végétale choisie parmi le fraisier, la tomate, le rosier, le concombre, les petits fruits rouges, le cannabis, la vigne, l'asperge, la pomme de terre, l'herbe, l'abricotier et le pommier. The method according to the invention preferably relates to a plant material chosen from strawberries, tomatoes, roses, cucumbers, small red fruits, cannabis, vines, asparagus, potatoes, grass, apricot tree and apple tree.
De façon surprenante, le Demandeur a pu mettre en évidence que l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention e† notamment l'application d'impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale 2 permettait l'obtention des effets suivants : Surprisingly, the Applicant was able to demonstrate that the use of the device according to the invention e† in particular the application of light pulses to a plant material 2 made it possible to obtain the following effects:
- une durée d'application des rayons UV-C réduite ; - reduced duration of application of UV-C rays;
- une stimulation de la production des protéines de défense contre les stress abiotiques ; - stimulation of the production of defense proteins against abiotic stresses;
- un meilleur rendement des plantes ayant été exposés à des stress abiotiques ;- better yield of plants that have been exposed to abiotic stresses;
- une meilleure résistance des plantes exposées à une température basse comme en cas d'épisode de gel ; e† - better resistance of plants exposed to low temperatures such as in the event of a frost episode; e†
- une meilleure résistance des plantes exposées à une température élevée comme en cas d'épisode de canicule. - better resistance of plants exposed to high temperature such as in the event of a heat wave.
De façon particulièrement avantageuse, le Demandeur a également pu mettre en évidence que l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention permet également d'autres utilisations complémentaires non proposées par d'autres solutions déjà existantes comme celles décrites ci-dessus. In a particularly advantageous manner, the Applicant has also been able to demonstrate that the use of the device according to the invention also allows other complementary uses not offered by other already existing solutions such as those described above.
Le Demandeur a notamment pu démontrer que l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention permet d'améliorer le rendement e† de la qualité des végétaux mais permet aussi l'élimination de pathogène sur une matière végétale. The Applicant has in particular been able to demonstrate that the use of the device according to the invention makes it possible to improve the yield e† of the quality of plants but also makes it possible to eliminate pathogens on plant material.
La présente invention va maintenant être illustrée au moyen des exemples suivants. The present invention will now be illustrated by means of the following examples.
Exemples
Exemple 1 : Effet de l'utilisation du dispositif sur le pourcentage de bourgeons et de feuilles de vigne ayant gelés suite à l'épisode de gel. Examples Example 1: Effect of the use of the device on the percentage of buds and vine leaves having frozen following the episode of frost.
Une parcelle d'essai a été mise en place dans une parcelle de Pinot Noir du vignoble de Champagne. A test plot was set up in a plot of Pinot Noir in the Champagne vineyard.
Cette parcelle a été divisée en différentes modalités avec différents programmes de stimulation aux UV : This plot was divided into different modalities with different UV stimulation programs:
Témoin non stimulé correspondant au contrôle ; Unstimulated control corresponding to the control;
Stimulé 44 heures avant un épisode de gel (T0 - 44h) ; Stimulated 44 hours before a freezing episode (T0 - 44h);
Stimulé respectivement 44 heures et 20 heures avant un épisode de gel (T0 - 44H et T0 - 20h); Stimulated respectively 44 hours and 20 hours before a freezing episode (T0 - 44H and T0 - 20h);
Stimulé 20 heures avant un épisode de gel (T0 - 20h). Stimulated 20 hours before a frost episode (T0 - 20h).
Les stimulations UV ont été effectuées par un dispositif mobile se déplaçant à une vitesse comprise entre 2 et 5 km/h, équipé des lampes mercure pour une puissance optique à 254 nm comprise entre 200 et 1500 W/m2, fonctionnant de manière continue. Les stimulations ont toutes été effectuées entre 6 et 1 I h du matin. Les doses d'UV-C (254 nm) reçues par le végétal sont comprises entre 100 et 1500 J/m2. The UV stimulations were carried out by a mobile device moving at a speed comprised between 2 and 5 km/h, equipped with mercury lamps for an optical power at 254 nm comprised between 200 and 1500 W/m 2 , operating continuously. The stimulations were all carried out between 6 am and 1 am in the morning. The doses of UV-C (254 nm) received by the plant are between 100 and 1500 J/m 2 .
Un épisode de gel est survenu à T0 entre 5 et 7 heures du matin avec une température minimum relevée de -1,6°C et une hygrométrie de 99,3%. A frost episode occurred at T0 between 5 and 7 a.m. with a minimum temperature reading of -1.6°C and a humidity of 99.3%.
Le pourcentage de bourgeons et des premières feuilles gelées a été déterminé pour chacune des modalités. The percentage of buds and first frozen leaves was determined for each modality.
La figure 4 est un graphique illustrant le pourcentage de bourgeons et de feuilles de vigne ayant gelé suite à l'épisode de gel ayant eu lieu à T0. FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the percentage of buds and vine leaves having frozen following the episode of frost having taken place at T0.
Conclusion : Conclusion :
Il a été mis en évidence un effet significatif de la protection et de la stimulation des parcelles par rapport au témoin non stimulé avec une diminution d'environ 36 % des dégâts constatés sur les bourgeons et les feuilles. A significant effect of the protection and stimulation of the plots was demonstrated compared to the non-stimulated control with a reduction of around 36% in the damage observed on the buds and leaves.
Par ailleurs, les pourcentages de bourgeons et des feuilles gelées ne sont pas significativement différents pour les modalités stimulées une fois à T - 44h et stimulés à T - 44h et T -20 h. Moreover, the percentages of frozen buds and leaves are not significantly different for the modalities stimulated once at T - 44 h and stimulated at T - 44 h and T - 20 h.
Toutefois, une stimulation réalisée la veille d'un épisode de gel est moins efficace qu'une stimulation simple ou double réalisée quelques jours avant l'épisode de gel. However, stimulation performed the day before a freezing episode is less effective than single or double stimulation performed a few days before the freezing episode.
Exemple 2 : Effet de l'utilisation du dispositif sur le rendement d'un vignoble suite à un épisode de canicule. Example 2: Effect of the use of the device on the yield of a vineyard following an episode of heat wave.
Un essai d'application de l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention a été réalisé en conditions de production sur une parcelle d'un vignoble. Les stimulations UV ont été effectuées par un dispositif mobile se déplaçant à une vitesse comprise entre 2 et 5 km/h, équipé des lampes mercure basse pression pour une puissance optique à 254 nm comprise entre 200 et 1200 W/m2, fonctionnant de manière continue. Les doses d'UV-C (254 nm)
reçues par le végétal sont comprises entre 100 et 1500 J/m2 à une fréquence d'environ fous les 10 jours. A test application of the use of the device according to the invention was carried out under production conditions on a plot of a vineyard. The UV stimulations were carried out by a mobile device moving at a speed between 2 and 5 km/h, equipped with low pressure mercury lamps for an optical power at 254 nm between 200 and 1200 W/m 2 , operating in a keep on going. UV-C doses (254 nm) received by the plant are between 100 and 1500 J/m 2 at a frequency of about every 10 days.
Pour chaque modalité d'essai, des blocs de 18 ceps on† été stimulés ou non. For each test modality, blocks of 18 vines were stimulated or not.
Le site d'essai a subi un épisode de canicule en juillet 2019 avec des températures locales atteignant des valeurs supérieures à 40°C e† accompagnées d'une absence marquée de précipitation. The test site suffered a heat wave in July 2019 with local temperatures reaching values above 40°C e† accompanied by a marked absence of precipitation.
Les cultures on† donc été soumises à un stress thermique e† potentiellement à un stress hydrique. The crops were therefore subjected to heat stress and potentially to water stress.
Le rendement moyen en kilogramme de raisin par cep de vigne a été déterminé à l'issue de la saison. The average yield in kilograms of grapes per vine stock was determined at the end of the season.
La figure 5 es† un graphique permettant de mettre en évidence l'effet de l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention sur le rendement moyen exprimé en kilogramme de raisin par cep de vigne à la vendange, dans un vignoble ayant subi un épisode caniculaire. Figure 5 is† a graph making it possible to highlight the effect of the use of the device according to the invention on the average yield expressed in kilograms of grapes per vine stock at harvest, in a vineyard having undergone a heat wave .
Le rendement es† estimé sur 35 ceps randomisés sur quatre blocs pour chacun des deux groupes. La différence observée es† statistiquement significative selon un tes† de Studen† avec p=0,006. The yield is estimated on 35 vines randomized over four blocks for each of the two groups. The observed difference is† statistically significant according to a Studen† test† with p=0.006.
Conclusion : Conclusion :
Il a été mis en évidence une augmentation de plus de 25 % du rendement moyen en kilogramme de raisin pour la modalité de l'essai où l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention a été appliquée. An increase of more than 25% in the average yield in kilograms of grapes was demonstrated for the modality of the test where the use of the device according to the invention was applied.
Exemple 3 : Effet de l'utilisation du dispositif sur le nombre de grappe par cep e† de contre bourgeon fructifère d'un vignoble suite à un épisode de gelée printanière. Example 3: Effect of the use of the device on the number of clusters per stock e† of counter fruiting bud of a vineyard following an episode of spring frost.
Une parcelle d'essai a été mise en place dans une parcelle de Pinot Noir du vignoble de l'Aube. A test plot was set up in a plot of Pinot Noir from the Aube vineyard.
Ceffe parcelle a été divisée en différentes modalités avec différents programmes de stimulation aux UV : This plot has been divided into different modalities with different UV stimulation programs:
Témoin non stimulé correspondant au contrôle ; Unstimulated control corresponding to the control;
Stimulé 44 heures (T - 44h) avant un épisode de gel e† stimulé régulièrement, environ fous les 10 à 15 jours, préférentiellement fous les 12 jours, après l'épisode de gel ; Stimulated 44 hours (T - 44h) before an episode of freezing e† stimulated regularly, approximately every 10 to 15 days, preferably every 12 days, after the episode of freezing;
Les stimulations UV on† été effectuées par un dispositif mobile se déplaçant à une vitesse comprise entre 2 e† 5 km/h, équipé des lampes mercure basse pression pour une puissance optique à 254 nm comprise entre 200 e† 1200 W/m2, fonctionnant de manière continue. Les doses d'UV-C (254 nm) reçues par le végétal son† comprises entre 100 e† 1000 J/m2. The UV stimulations were carried out by a mobile device moving at a speed of between 2 and 5 km/h, equipped with low-pressure mercury lamps for an optical power at 254 nm of between 200 and 1200 W/m 2 , operating continuously. The doses of UV-C (254 nm) received by the plant are† between 100 and† 1000 J/m 2 .
Un épisode de gel es† survenu entre 5 e† 7 heures du matin (T0) avec une température minimum relevée de -1 ,6°C e† une hygrométrie de 99,3%. An episode of frost occurred between 5 and 7 a.m. (T0) with a minimum temperature reading of -1.6°C and a hygrometry of 99.3%.
Le nombre de grappes par cep de vigne a été déterminé pour chacune des deux modalités (témoin e† UV) le 31 mai en comptant le nombre de grappes sur 206 ceps e† 184 ceps respectivement.
La figure 6 es† un graphique illustrant le nombre moyen de grappes par cep à 29 jours après l'épisode de gel ayant eu lieu à T0. The number of bunches per vine stock was determined for each of the two methods (control e† UV) on May 31 by counting the number of bunches on 206 stocks and 184 stocks respectively. Figure 6 is† a graph illustrating the average number of clusters per stock at 29 days after the frost episode that took place at T0.
Le pourcentage de contre bourgeons fructifères a été estimé sur ces deux modalités le 4 juin sur une trentaine de contre bourgeons dans chacune des modalités. La figure 7 est un graphique illustrant le pourcentage estimé de contre bourgeons fructifères dans ces deux modalités. The percentage of fruiting counter buds was estimated for these two modalities on June 4 out of around thirty counter buds in each of the modalities. Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the estimated percentage of counterfruiting buds in these two modalities.
Conclusion : Conclusion :
Il a été mis en évidence une augmentation du nombre moyen de grappes par cep de 32% pour la modalité de l'essai où l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention a été appliquée. An increase in the average number of clusters per stock of 32% was demonstrated for the modality of the test where the use of the device according to the invention was applied.
Il a été mis en évidence une augmentation d'un facteur 10 du pourcentage de contre bourgeons fructifères pour la modalité de l'essai où l'utilisation du dispositif selon l'invention a été appliquée.
An increase by a factor of 10 in the percentage of counter fruiting buds was demonstrated for the modality of the test where the use of the device according to the invention was applied.
Claims
1. Utilisation d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse (1 ) délivrant des impulsions lumineuses sur une matière végétale (2) comprenant : 1. Use of a mobile light exposure device (1) delivering light pulses to plant material (2) comprising:
- un premier module d'émission (3) d'une ou de plusieurs impulsions lumineuses, comprenant au moins un panneau de traitement lumineux ; - a first module (3) for emitting one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light processing panel;
- un deuxième module de réglage et/ou d'allumage (6), à distance ou sur le dispositif, de la densité de puissance optique du panneau de traitement et éventuellement de la température dudit panneau ; et - a second adjustment and/or ignition module (6), remotely or on the device, of the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly of the temperature of said panel; and
- un moyen de locomotion (4) permettant le déplacement dudit dispositif ; pour la prévention et/ou l'atténuation des impacts sur ladite matière végétale, liés à des stress abiotiques, préférentiellement des stress liés à des facteurs édaphiques, climatiques et/ou chimiques. - a means of locomotion (4) allowing the movement of said device; for the prevention and/or mitigation of the impacts on said plant material, linked to abiotic stresses, preferably stresses linked to edaphic, climatic and/or chemical factors.
2. Utilisation selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les stress abiotiques sont des stress liés à des facteurs climatiques, préférentiellement des variations élevées de température par rapport aux normales saisonnières, des épisodes de gel, de grêle, de canicule ou de sécheresse. 2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the abiotic stresses are stresses linked to climatic factors, preferably high variations in temperature with respect to seasonal norms, episodes of frost, hail, heat wave or drought.
3. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que : 3. Use according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that:
- la densité de puissance optique du panneau du dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse (1 ) permet une application d'une dose de radiation comprise entre 50 J/m2 et 2000 J/m2 à la surface de ladite matière végétale, pour toutes les sources lumineuses autres que la lumière pulsée, et entre 1000 et 20000 J/m2 pour la lumière pulsée ; - the optical power density of the panel of the mobile light exposure device (1) allows application of a radiation dose of between 50 J/m 2 and 2000 J/m 2 to the surface of said plant material, for all light sources other than pulsed light, and between 1,000 and 20,000 J/m2 for pulsed light;
- les impulsions lumineuses délivrées sur la matière végétale (2) présentent des longueurs d'ondes identiques ou différentes comprises entre 200 nm et 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible) ; et - the light pulses delivered to the plant material (2) have identical or different wavelengths between 200 nm and 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light); and
- les durées d'exposition sur ladite matière végétale sont inférieures ou égales à quatre secondes, préférentiellement inférieures ou égales à deux secondes. - the exposure times on said plant material are less than or equal to four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
4. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les impulsions lumineuses délivrées par le dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse
(1) sur ladite matière végétale (2) sont issues d'une lumière diffusée en continu ou par lumière pulsée et présentent des longueurs d'ondes identiques ou différentes comprises entre 200 nm et 280 nm (UV-C), préférentiellement entre 220 nm et 260 nm, préférentiellement les impulsions lumineuses son† issues d'une lumière diffusée en continu. 4. Use according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the light pulses delivered by the mobile light exposure device (1) on said plant material (2) come from light diffused continuously or by pulsed light and have identical or different wavelengths between 200 nm and 280 nm (UV-C), preferably between 220 nm and 260 nm, preferably the light pulses sound† from continuously diffused light.
5. Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la dose de radiation délivrée par le dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse (1) sous la forme d'impulsions lumineuses sur ladite matière végétale (2) es† comprise entre 100 J/m2 e† 1500 J/m2 à la surface d'une matière végétale pour toutes les sources lumineuses autres que la lumière pulsée, e† entre 5000 e† 15000 J/m2 pour la lumière pulsée. 5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dose of radiation delivered by the mobile light exposure device (1) in the form of light pulses on said plant material (2) is† between 100 J/m 2 e† 1500 J/m 2 on the surface of a plant material for all light sources other than pulsed light, e† between 5000 e† 15000 J/m2 for pulsed light.
6. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la matière végétale (2) es† une plante, un fruit, un légume, un vitroplan†, une algue, un tubercule ou toute autre organe d'une plante. 6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the plant material (2) is† a plant, a fruit, a vegetable, a vitroplan†, an algae, a tuber or any other organ of a plant.
7. Utilisation selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que ladite matière végétale (2) es† choisie parmi le fraisier, la tomate, le rosier, le concombre, les petits fruits rouges, le cannabis, la vigne, l'asperge, la pomme de terre, l'herbe, l'abricotier e† le pommier. 7. Use according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said plant material (2) is† chosen from strawberries, tomatoes, roses, cucumbers, small red fruits, cannabis, vines, asparagus, potato, grass, apricot and apple.
8. Procédé de prévention et/ou d'atténuation des impacts de stress abiotiques sur une matière végétale (2), par délivrance d'impulsions lumineuses sur ladite matière végétale (2), comprenant les étapes suivantes de : 8. Method for preventing and/or mitigating the impacts of abiotic stress on plant material (2), by delivering light pulses to said plant material (2), comprising the following steps:
- mise en place d'un dispositif mobile d'exposition lumineuse (1) comprenant un premier module d'émission (3) d'une ou de plusieurs impulsions lumineuses, comprenant au moins un panneau de traitement lumineux ; un deuxième module de réglage et/ou d'allumage (6), à distance ou sur le dispositif, de la densité de puissance optique du panneau de traitement e† éventuellement de la température dudi† panneau ; e† un moyen de locomotion (4) permettant le déplacement dudi† dispositif, sur une exploitation agricole comprenant des plantations à traiter ; - Installation of a mobile light exposure device (1) comprising a first emission module (3) of one or more light pulses, comprising at least one light treatment panel; a second adjustment and/or ignition module (6), remotely or on the device, of the optical power density of the treatment panel and possibly of the temperature of the panel; e† a means of locomotion (4) allowing the movement of the device, on a farm comprising plantations to be treated;
- passage dudi† dispositif (1) délivrant des impulsions lumineuses (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible) à travers les plantations, combiné à une exposition
directe de ladite matière végétale (2) des plantations à des impulsions lumineuses de longueurs d'ondes et/ou de durées identiques ou différentes, caractérisé en ce que les longueurs d'ondes son† identiques ou différentes e† son† comprises entre 200 nm e† 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, lumière visible), préférentiellement entre 200 nm e† 280 nm (UV-C) e† en ce que les durées d'exposition son† identiques ou différentes mais d'une durée inférieure ou égale à quatre secondes, préférentiellement inférieure ou égale à deux secondes. - passage of the di† device (1) delivering light pulses (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light) through the plantations, combined with exposure directly from the said vegetable matter (2) of the plantations to light pulses of identical or different wavelengths and/or durations, characterized in that the wavelengths are† identical or different and† their† between 200 nm e† 780 nm (UV-C, UV-B, UV-A, visible light), preferably between 200 nm e† 280 nm (UV-C) e† in that the exposure times are identical or different but of a duration less than or equal to four seconds, preferably less than or equal to two seconds.
9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il es† utilisé dans la prévention et/ou l'atténuation des impacts de stress liés à des facteurs climatiques, préférentiellement des variations élevées de température par rapport aux normales saisonnières, des épisodes de gel, de grêle, de canicule ou de sécheresse . 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it is† used in the prevention and / or mitigation of the impacts of stress linked to climatic factors, preferably high variations in temperature compared to seasonal norms, episodes frost, hail, heat wave or drought.
10. Procédé selon l' une des revendications 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que la matière végétale (2) es† choisie parmi le fraisier, la tomate, le rosier, le concombre, les petits fruits rouges, le cannabis, la vigne, l'asperge, la pomme de terre, l'herbe, l'abricotier e† le pommier.
10. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that the plant material (2) is† chosen from strawberries, tomatoes, roses, cucumbers, small red fruits, cannabis, vines, asparagus, potato, grass, apricot and apple.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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FR2106583A FR3124049A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Use of a mobile device delivering light pulses on plant material for prevention against impacts related to abiotic stresses |
PCT/EP2022/066721 WO2022268713A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-06-20 | Use of a mobile device that delivers light pulses to a plant material for conferring protection against the effects associated with abiotic stresses |
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EP4358694A1 true EP4358694A1 (en) | 2024-05-01 |
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EP22733659.1A Pending EP4358694A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-06-20 | Use of a mobile device that delivers light pulses to a plant material for conferring protection against the effects associated with abiotic stresses |
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US (1) | US20240224881A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4358694A1 (en) |
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DK171306B1 (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1996-09-02 | Kaj Jensen | Process and apparatus for limiting vegetation where this is undesirable |
EP3143869A1 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-22 | Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse | Method for stimulating the resistance of plants to biotic stress by uv radiation exposure |
FR3098683B1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-06-25 | Uv Boosting Sas | Device for improving the yield and quality of plants by exposure to UVs, process and associated uses |
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