EP4356162A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung der position und der ausrichtung von ultraschallsensoren an einem fahrzeug - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung der position und der ausrichtung von ultraschallsensoren an einem fahrzeugInfo
- Publication number
- EP4356162A1 EP4356162A1 EP22726590.7A EP22726590A EP4356162A1 EP 4356162 A1 EP4356162 A1 EP 4356162A1 EP 22726590 A EP22726590 A EP 22726590A EP 4356162 A1 EP4356162 A1 EP 4356162A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ultrasonic sensors
- information
- vehicle
- initial
- alignment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/006—Theoretical aspects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/46—Indirect determination of position data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/87—Combinations of sonar systems
- G01S15/876—Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/46—Indirect determination of position data
- G01S2015/465—Indirect determination of position data by Trilateration, i.e. two transducers determine separately the distance to a target, whereby with the knowledge of the baseline length, i.e. the distance between the transducers, the position data of the target is determined
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2015/937—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details
- G01S2015/938—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details in the bumper area
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining the position and alignment of ultrasonic sensors on a vehicle.
- the arrangement and alignment of the ultrasonic sensors has so far been carried out by human experiments based on experience and subsequent testing.
- the invention relates to a method for determining the position and alignment of ultrasonic sensors on a vehicle.
- the ultrasonic sensors are distributed at least in sections around the circumference of the vehicle.
- the procedure has the following steps:
- geometry information that describes the surface geometry of at least one vehicle part on which the ultrasonic sensors are installed.
- the vehicle part can in particular be a bumper.
- the geometry information can be CAD data or a point cloud of the vehicle part, for example.
- an initial sensor position and an initial alignment are provided for the individual ultrasonic sensors. This forms the starting point for position and alignment optimization.
- the beam pattern can be a two- or three-dimensional representation of antenna properties, for example a two- or three-dimensional representation of the antenna gain.
- the information on the beam characteristics can be described by a mathematical function that describes the radiation behavior of the ultrasonic sensor.
- the initial sensor position and initial alignment of the ultrasonic sensors are modified step by step, taking into account the geometric information of the vehicle part.
- output information characterizing the detection of the surroundings of the vehicle is calculated based on the information on the beam characteristics of the ultrasonic sensors. In particular, it is determined how the individual beam characteristics of the ultrasonic sensors change behave relative to each other, for example, whether and to what extent the beam characteristics of adjacent ultrasonic sensors overlap. In particular, it can also be checked whether all the surrounding areas of the vehicle can be detected using at least two ultrasonic sensors, in order to be able to localize a surrounding object.
- a final position and alignment for the individual ultrasonic sensors is determined based on the initial information and based on criteria that are to be achieved by detecting the surroundings using the ultrasonic sensors after their position has been determined.
- the criteria indicate, for example, according to which decision scales a found sensor positioning or sensor alignment is assessed.
- the final position and alignment thus indicates, for example, that sensor position and sensor alignment that represents an optimum in relation to the specified criteria.
- the technical advantage of the method according to the invention consists in the fact that a sensor positioning that is optimized in relation to predetermined criteria is achieved in a simulative manner, the computation effort for which is limited.
- the information on the beam characteristic of the ultrasonic sensors is two-dimensional information (also referred to as a 2D antenna template), which describes the beam characteristic of the respective ultrasonic sensor in one plane.
- a 2D antenna template describes the beam characteristic of the respective ultrasonic sensor in one plane.
- the plane in which the beam characteristic of the respective ultrasonic sensor is viewed is a horizontal or an inclined plane. This allows, for example, the detection of the surroundings made possible by the ultrasonic sensors to be analyzed in a horizontal plane around the car or, for example, diagonally downwards.
- the information on the beam characteristics of the ultrasonic sensors is provided on a number of different levels, and the output information that characterizes the area detection of the vehicle is calculated on the basis of the information on the beam characteristics on a number of different levels.
- the step-by-step modification of the initial sensor position and initial alignment of the ultrasonic sensors includes pivoting about a vertical axis. It has been found that this degree of freedom in the orientation of the sensor has a significant influence on how well the sensor arrangement meets the respective requirements.
- the ultrasonic sensors are not pivoted about a further axis in addition to the pivoting about a vertical axis. It has been shown that simply by considering this pivoting degree of freedom, a sufficiently good Sensor positioning or sensor alignment can be achieved since the other pivoting degrees of freedom have only a minor influence on the quality of the environment detection resulting from the sensor alignment. By restricting the pivoting degrees of freedom to pivoting about the vertical axis of the hole, a sufficiently good quality of environment detection can be achieved with little computing time.
- the pivoting about a transverse axis can be simulated by information on the beam characteristics of the ultrasonic sensors, which run in an inclined plane, for example inclined downwards.
- the step-by-step modification of the initial sensor position and the initial alignment of the ultrasonic sensors includes shifting the sensor position parallel to a horizontally running, first axis.
- the initial sensor position is thus changed to a new sensor position, with the initial sensor position and the new sensor position lying in a common horizontal plane. This results in a displacement of the sensor position in the circumferential direction around the vehicle in order to change the circumferential detection area by the respective sensor.
- the shifting of the sensor position parallel to a horizontally running first axis based on the geometry information is coupled with a shifting of the sensor position along a second horizontally running axis that runs perpendicular to the first axis.
- a mathematical description of the surface geometry of the vehicle part on which the respective ultrasonic sensor is installed determines a displacement along the second axis at the same time as the displacement along a first axis, since the new sensor position must be integrated close to the surface in the vehicle part. With that is changing the sensor position along the first axis inherently fixes the sensor position along the second axis.
- the step-by-step modification of the initial sensor position only includes changing the sensor position along two horizontal axes running perpendicular to one another and pivoting about a vertical axis. It has been shown that by reducing the sensor positioning or sensor orientation to these degrees of freedom, a sufficiently good sensor arrangement for detecting the surroundings can be found and considerable computing resources can be saved in the process.
- the geometry information describing the surface geometry of at least one vehicle part is a mathematical description of the vehicle part, in particular a mathematical function or a point cloud.
- the geometry information includes a two-dimensional or three-dimensional polynomial that describes the surface contour of the vehicle part into which the ultrasonic sensors are integrated.
- the initial sensor position and the initial alignment of the ultrasonic sensors are modified step by step within specified limits.
- the Translatory displacement of the sensor position and/or the pivoting of the ultrasonic sensors about an axis can be limited to an angular range.
- computing resources can in turn be saved, since the degree of freedom of the change in position and/or alignment is restricted.
- the ultrasonic sensors with a symmetrical arrangement of the ultrasonic sensors, only the position and orientation of the ultrasonic sensors of a first half of the vehicle are calculated. The position and alignment of the ultrasonic sensors on the second half of the vehicle can then be selected to be mirror-symmetrical in accordance with the first half of the vehicle. This significantly reduces the computational effort.
- the criteria include several
- the criteria include a number of individual criteria, which can each relate to a specific driver assistance function, and a weighted influence of the criteria on the assessment of the position and orientation of the ultrasonic sensors is established via weighting factors. For example, for a parking assistance function, the areas in front of and behind the car that are in the Are shunting area of the vehicle and can thus be driven by the vehicle are weighted higher than areas that are laterally next to the vehicle. As a result, criteria can be created which are adapted to the respective driving assistance function.
- At least one functional criterion can also be defined, by means of which several different driving assistance functions are weighted relative to one another and used to assess the position and alignment of the ultrasonic sensors. A sensor positioning and sensor alignment can thus be found that is suitable for several driver assistance functions, depending on their selected weighting.
- the invention relates to a computer program product comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to execute the method according to one of the preceding exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 1 an example of a schematic plan view of a
- Vehicle having an environment sensing system having multiple sensors
- FIG. 3 shows an example and a schematic representation of the surface contour of a bumper in a detail representation
- Fig. 4b example and schematically the beam characteristics of a
- FIG. 5 shows a block diagram by way of example which illustrates the method steps for determining the position and alignment of ultrasonic sensors.
- FIG. 1 shows a vehicle F, which has a large number of ultrasonic sensors S, by way of example and in a roughly schematic manner.
- the ultrasonic sensors S are provided in the front and rear bumpers of the vehicle F, for example. Their emission characteristics are selected in such a way that the ultrasonic sensors S can detect the surroundings completely or almost completely around the entire vehicle F.
- autonomous or semi-autonomous driving functions are provided by a driver assistance system of the vehicle F.
- a driving function can be a parking assistance function, for example.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the coverage of the area around the vehicle by the detection areas of the respective ultrasonic sensors S of the vehicle F. It can be seen from the different coloring that the beam characteristics of the individual ultrasonic sensors S partially overlap, which enables good detection of the surroundings, which is particularly also enables object localization.
- a computer-implemented method is described below, by means of which the ultrasonic sensors S can be positioned on the vehicle F in such a way that this positioning enables an environment detection that corresponds to predefined criteria.
- the starting point for improving the sensor positioning is an initial definition of the position and alignment of the individual ultrasonic sensors S on the vehicle F.
- the position and alignment of the individual ultrasonic sensors S can be based on a common Cartesian coordinate system, for example, as shown in Fig. 1 by way of example .
- the coordinates x, y and z can be used to determine the local position at which an ultrasonic sensor S is initially placed, ie at the start of the optimization routine.
- angle information can be used to determine the orientation of the respective sensor, i.e. the rotational position of a sensor with respect to a vertical axis (i.e. orientation in azimuth) and a horizontal axis running transverse to this vertical axis (i.e. orientation in Elevation) is.
- This initial sensor position or initial sensor orientation is initially specified for each sensor in order to determine an improved sensor positioning for the multiplicity of ultrasonic sensors S based thereon.
- the ultrasonic sensors S must be installed on a vehicle part.
- the vehicle part can be the front or rear bumper of the vehicle F, in particular.
- the ultrasonic sensors S are structurally integrated into the vehicle part, the degrees of freedom of positioning of the ultrasonic sensors S are limited, i.e. the position of an ultrasonic sensor cannot be varied at will during the position optimization, but it can only be moved along the surface contour of the vehicle part.
- 3 shows an example of a detail of the surface contour of a bumper of a vehicle F.
- the ultrasonic sensors S can only be installed on the surface area indicated by the checkered pattern.
- a mathematical description of the surface contour of the vehicle part is provided.
- the mathematical description of the surface contour of the vehicle part can also be a polynomial that describes the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the vehicle part.
- the mathematical description of the surface contour can be carried out using a cloud of points, which describes the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the vehicle part using discrete surface points, or a mathematical description in the form of a polynomial can be generated from a cloud of points.
- Ultrasonic sensors S have a lobe-like, directed beam characteristic, as shown schematically in a side view in FIG. 4a.
- This beam characteristic can be described by a two- or three-dimensional representation of antenna properties, for example by a two- or three-dimensional representation of the antenna gain.
- the beam characteristic can be described mathematically by a multi-dimensional, for example two- or three-dimensional polynomial.
- the beam characteristic is preferably considered in one plane, for example the horizontal plane that runs through the center of the ultrasonic sensor S. Such a section through the three-dimensional beam characteristic and the resulting two-dimensional beam characteristic is shown as an example in FIG. 4b.
- further horizontal sections of the beam characteristic of the ultrasonic sensor S or also sections in an inclined plane can be used in order to be able to optimize the sensor positioning based on this.
- the two-dimensional beam characteristic information of all ultrasonic sensors S can be analyzed together and the position and orientation of the ultrasonic sensors S can be changed such that the specified criteria are met.
- the positioning of the respective sensors is preferably changed step by step only in a horizontal plane, i.e. in the x and y direction according to the coordinate system shown in Fig. 1, and the orientation of the respective sensors is changed step by step only by pivoting about a vertical one Vertical axis, i.e. a change in angle around the z-axis according to the coordinate system in Fig. 1.
- the change in the positioning of the respective sensors in the x and y direction is based on the geometric information of the vehicle part, in such a way that when the arrangement changes in one direction (e.g. the x-direction) the change in the other direction (e.g. the y-direction) is determined by the mathematical description of the surface contour of the vehicle part.
- ranges can advantageously also be specified within which the parameters can be changed. So can for example, it can be specified that the angular alignment of the sensor can only take place within a range of ⁇ 20° or that the position can only be changed within a range of ⁇ 10cm.
- the position and alignment of the individual ultrasonic sensors S are modified step by step with the aim of enabling surroundings to be detected that meet predefined criteria.
- basic criteria to be tested can first be defined, according to which the optimization of the sensor positioning takes place.
- This can be the trilateration principle, for example, i.e. the criterion indicates which areas in the vehicle’s surroundings can be detected with which number of sensors. Based on a number of specific weightings, a more detailed evaluation can be carried out.
- Another criterion can be, for example, that the coverage area detected by at least two sensors is maximized.
- the position-related, summed sound pressure amplitude and/or the sound pressure level can be used as a further criterion.
- the sensor positioning can be optimized by weighted consideration of the basic criteria. Weighting factors can be used to specify the extent to which the respective basic criteria are taken into account when optimizing the sensor positioning.
- surrounding areas can be defined with a higher priority, for example areas in front of and behind the vehicle that are in the maneuvering area of the vehicle can be weighted more heavily in the position optimization than areas to the side of the vehicle.
- functional criteria can also be defined, for example those that combine a number of complex criteria with one another in order to achieve optimized environmental detection by the ultrasonic sensors S for a set of driver assistance functions.
- Symmetries can be exploited to further reduce the computational complexity for sensor optimization. For example, with a symmetrical sensor positioning, the calculations can be limited to one half of the vehicle and, by exploiting the symmetry, conclusions can be drawn about the validity of the calculations for the other half of the vehicle as well.
- the sensor range can be limited in the calculations, so that the surrounding area taken into account in the calculations is limited in the propagation direction of the sound waves of the ultrasonic sensors S.
- a restriction to the nearer vehicle environment is sufficient in many applications, for example in special situations with a parking assistance system.
- the calculated results are preferably verified. It is checked whether the position and alignment of the respective sensors found by the method meets specified requirements. The verification can be carried out, for example, by means of a ray tracing environment.
- the found position and alignment of the ultrasonic sensors can be validated.
- test scenarios subjected to check whether the results of the environment detection by the sensor array meet predetermined criteria.
- the test scenarios can include the following, for example:
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram that explains the method steps for determining the position and alignment of ultrasonic sensors.
- geometry information is provided that describes the surface geometry of at least one vehicle part on which the ultrasonic sensors are installed (S10).
- An initial sensor position and an initial orientation for the individual ultrasonic sensors are then provided (S11). This information forms the starting position or starting orientation for the subsequent position optimization.
- the initial sensor position and initial alignment of the ultrasonic sensors are then modified step by step, taking into account the geometric information of the vehicle part, and output information characterizing the area detection of the vehicle is calculated based on the information on the beam characteristics of the ultrasonic sensors (S13).
- These calculations are preferably carried out in a simulation environment that includes a large number of different sensor positions or sensor alignments is taken into account, initial information that characterizes the detection of the surroundings by the ultrasonic sensors in the respective sensor position or orientation is calculated and the results of these calculations are compared with one another or with the originally selected sensor positions or sensor orientations. Depending on the complexity, up to 500,000 different sensor positions can be compared with one another for each optimization problem.
- a final position and alignment for the individual ultrasonic sensors is then determined based on the initial information and based on criteria that are to be achieved by detecting the surroundings using the ultrasonic sensors after their position has been determined (S14). In other words, that position and orientation for the individual ultrasonic sensors that best meets the specified criteria is determined.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021206033.1A DE102021206033A1 (de) | 2021-06-14 | 2021-06-14 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung der der Position und Ausrichtung von Ultraschallsensoren an einem Fahrzeug |
| PCT/DE2022/200100 WO2022262909A1 (de) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-05-18 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der der position und ausrichtung von ultraschallsensoren an einem fahrzeug |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4356162A1 true EP4356162A1 (de) | 2024-04-24 |
Family
ID=81854327
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22726590.7A Pending EP4356162A1 (de) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-05-18 | Verfahren zur bestimmung der position und der ausrichtung von ultraschallsensoren an einem fahrzeug |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4356162A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021206033A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022262909A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009092383A (ja) * | 2007-10-03 | 2009-04-30 | Toyota Motor Corp | 障害物検知センサ搭載シミュレーション装置、障害物検知センサ搭載シミュレーション方法及び障害物検知センサ搭載シミュレーションプログラム |
| DE102011050369A1 (de) * | 2011-05-16 | 2012-11-22 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Simulationssystem für Fahrerassistenzsysteme |
| DE102019124504A1 (de) | 2019-09-12 | 2021-04-01 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Simulation und Bewertung eines Sensorsystems für ein Fahrzeug sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entwurf eines Sensorsystems zur Umfelddetektion für ein Fahrzeug |
-
2021
- 2021-06-14 DE DE102021206033.1A patent/DE102021206033A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-05-18 EP EP22726590.7A patent/EP4356162A1/de active Pending
- 2022-05-18 WO PCT/DE2022/200100 patent/WO2022262909A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022262909A1 (de) | 2022-12-22 |
| DE102021206033A1 (de) | 2022-12-15 |
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