EP4355820A1 - Verfahren zur spaltung von polyurethanprodukten - Google Patents
Verfahren zur spaltung von polyurethanproduktenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4355820A1 EP4355820A1 EP22733406.7A EP22733406A EP4355820A1 EP 4355820 A1 EP4355820 A1 EP 4355820A1 EP 22733406 A EP22733406 A EP 22733406A EP 4355820 A1 EP4355820 A1 EP 4355820A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polyurethane
- isocyanate
- polyol
- carbamate
- alcohol
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/001—Amines; Imines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
- C08J11/18—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
- C08J11/22—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds
- C08J11/24—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/78—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12N9/80—Hydrolases (3) acting on carbon to nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds (3.5) acting on amide bonds in linear amides (3.5.1)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P13/00—Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds
- C12P13/02—Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol or polyamides; Imides or polyimides; Urethanes, i.e. compounds comprising N-C=O structural element or polyurethanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y305/00—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5)
- C12Y305/01—Hydrolases acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds, other than peptide bonds (3.5) in linear amides (3.5.1)
- C12Y305/01075—Urethanase (3.5.1.75)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for cleaving polyurethane products, comprising the following steps: (A) providing a polyurethane product based on an isocyanate component and a polyol component; (B) reacting the polyurethane product with a monofunctional araliphatic alcohol in the presence of an alcoholysis catalyst to obtain a product mixture containing (i) a liquid polyol phase and (ii) a solid carbamate of an isocyanate of the isocyanate component and the monofunctional araliphatic alcohol; and (C) separating the carbamate from the product mixture while leaving the liquid polyol phase.
- the process according to the invention allows the raw materials on which the polyurethane product is based to be obtained.
- polyols can be recovered from the polyol phase, and the separated carbamate can be cleaved into an isocyanate of the isocyanate component (thermal carbamate cleavage, optionally supported by catalysts) or converted into the corresponding amine (hydrolysis or hydrogenolysis).
- Polyurethane products find a wide range of applications in industry and in everyday life. A distinction is usually made between polyurethane foams and so-called “CASE” products, with “CASE” being a collective term for polymer coatings (e.g. paints), adhesives, sealants and elastomers.
- the polyurethane foams are usually divided into rigid foams and flexible foams.
- the raw materials to be recovered primarily include polyols (ie H-0-R'-0-H in the above example).
- DE 102006036007 A1 describes a process for cleavage of polyurethanes or polyurethaneureas, in which a) such polymers are first reacted with secondary aliphatic or secondary cycloaliphatic amines, with secondary bis-ureas and diols or polyols containing hydroxyl groups and optionally compounds containing amino groups arise, b) the secondary bis-ureas are separated from the compounds containing hydroxyl or amino groups, c) the separated secondary bis-ureas are cleaved with hydrogen chloride to give the starting isocyanates, d) the isocyanates formed from the HCl salt formed with the secondary Amine is separated off and the two products are worked up separately, and e) the compounds containing hydroxyl groups or amino groups formed during the treatment with the secondary aliphatic or cycloaliphatic amine are worked up and purified separately.
- EP 1 149 862 A1 describes a process in which a rigid polyurethane foam from a used refrigerator is pulverized, liquefied by glycolysis or aminolysis and then treated with supercritical or non-supercritical water. The raw product obtained in this way is fractionated and used in the manufacture of new refrigerators.
- the process product obtained is extracted in its entirety with a solvent which is not completely miscible with the alcoholysis alcohol (for example toluene).
- a liquid carbamate phase is obtained, which is hydrolyzed.
- This is followed by the isolation of the amine formed.
- This is done in a particularly advantageous embodiment, which offers an economical and environmentally friendly outlet for impurities originating from the polyurethane product by including the recovery of the amine from the amine phase in the processing of newly produced amine in such a way that the amine phase is a crude product fraction of the amine that consists of originates from the regeneration of the amine.
- polyurethane products generally contain other structures besides the basic polyurethane structure outlined above, for example structures with urea bonds. The presence of such structures deviating from the pure polyurethane basic structure in addition to polyurethane structures does not depart from the scope of the present invention. If a blowing agent is used in the manufacture of the polyurethane product, a polyurethane foam (also referred to as polyurethane foam; the terms are used synonymously) is produced.
- the urethane groups can in particular be aromatically or aliphatically bonded urethane groups.
- An aromatically bonded urethane group has the nitrogen atom bonded directly to an aromatic ring.
- An aliphatically bonded urethane group has the nitrogen atom bonded to an alkyl radical. It is preferably an unbranched alkyl group having at least one, more preferably at least two and most preferably at least three carbon atoms.
- isocyanates includes all isocyanates known to those skilled in the art in connection with polyurethane chemistry, such as in particular tolylene diisocyanate (TDI; the isocyanate corresponding to tolylenediamine, TDA), methylenediphenylene diisocyanate
- TDI tolylene diisocyanate
- TDA tolylenediamine
- n is a natural number of 1 or more, in particular from 1 to 6;
- pMD1 the isocyanate corresponding to polymethylenepolyphenylenepolyamine, pMDA
- MDI polymethylenepolyphenylene polyisocyanate
- PDI 1,5-pentane diisocyanate
- HDI Ie-hexamethylene diisocyanate
- IPDI isocyanate corresponding to 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, HDA, isocyanate corresponding
- IPDI isophorone diisocyanate
- XDI the isocyanate corresponding to isophorone diamine
- an isocyanate of course also includes embodiments in which two or more different isocyanates (e.g. mixtures of MDI and TDI) were used in the preparation of the polyurethane product, unless expressly stated otherwise, e.g by the formulation "exactly one isocyanate".
- the entirety of all isocyanates used in the manufacture of the polyurethane product is referred to as the isocyanate component (of the polyurethane product).
- the isocyanate component includes at least one isocyanate.
- the entirety of all polyols used in the production of the polyurethane product is referred to as the polyol component (of the polyurethane product).
- the polyol component includes at least one polyol.
- polyols includes all polyols known to those skilled in the art in connection with polyurethane chemistry, such as in particular polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyether ester polyols, polyacrylate polyols and polyether carbonate polyols or mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned polyols.
- polyether polyols such as in particular polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyether ester polyols, polyacrylate polyols and polyether carbonate polyols or mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned polyols.
- a polyol also encompasses embodiments in which two or more different polyols were used in the production of the polyurethane product.
- a nitro compound corresponding to an amine designates that nitro compound by reduction of which according to R-NO2+3H2 -> R-NH2+2H2O the amine can be obtained.
- a monofunctional araliphatic alcohol means a compound that has a single alcohol group attached to a carbon atom directly attached to an aromatic group.
- monofunctional araliphatic alcohols in this sense are benzyl alcohol and furfuryl alcohol.
- the monofunctional araliphatic alcohol is used superstoichiometrically in the process according to the invention. This means that the alcohol is used in an amount that is theoretically sufficient to convert all the polyurethane bonds in the polyurethane product with the formation of carbamates of the alcohol and polyols.
- Pressure specifications are absolute pressures, identified by a subscript "(abs.)” added to the pressure unit (usually mbar).
- the polyurethane product is a polyurethane foam, in particular a rigid polyurethane foam.
- the polyol component comprises a polyether polyol, a polyester polyol, a polyether ester polyol, a polyether carbonate polyol, a polyacrylate polyol or a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned polyols.
- the polyol component preferably contains a polyether polyol.
- the polyol component is particularly preferably a polyether polyol (ie contains no other polyols other than polyether polyols; where however, a mixture of two or more different polyether polyols is included and does not go beyond the scope of this embodiment).
- the isocyanate component comprises toluene diisocyanate, methylene diphenylene diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate, a mixture of methylene diphenylene diisocyanate and polymethylene polyphenylene polyisocyanate, 1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate , xylylene diisocyanate or a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned isocyanates.
- the isocyanate component comprises toluylene diisocyanate, methylenediphenylene diisocyanate, polymethylenepolyphenylene polyisocyanate or a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned isocyanates.
- the isocyanate component comprises methylenediphenylene diisocyanate, polymethylenepolyphenylene polyisocyanate or—preferably—a mixture of both.
- the isocyanate component does not include any further isocyanates.
- the polyol component comprises a polyether polyol.
- the number-average molar mass M n of the polyether polyol is 400 g/mol to 1500 g/mol, preferably 400 g/mol to 1000 g/mol, and its hydroxy functionality is from 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 6.
- the araliphatic monofunctional alcohol is benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol or a mixture of both alcohols and is preferably benzyl alcohol.
- the alcoholysis catalyst comprises one or more of the following compounds:
- a tin catalyst for example a tindD biscarboxylate or a
- Tin(IV) tetracarboxylate particularly tin diacetate, tin dioctoate or tin tetraacetate
- an organometallic tin carboxylate particularly dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dioctoate, dibutyltin dilaurate
- a titanium catalyst for example a titanium alkoxylate (such as in particular tetra-ethoxy-titanium, tetra-n-propoxy-titanium, tetra-i-propoxy-titanium, tetra-n-butoxy-titanium, tetra-i-butoxy-titanium, tetrakis-(2-ethylhexoxy )titanium), a titanium acetylacetonate (such as in particular di-i-propoxy-bis(ethylacetoacetate)titanium, dipropoxy-bis(acetylacetonate)-titanium, di-i-propoxy-bis(acetylacetonate)-titanium, dibutoxy-bis -(acetylacetonate) titanium or bis(acetylacetonate) titanium oxide), or isopropoxyoctylene glycol titanium oxide.
- a titanium alkoxylate such as in
- a lead catalyst for example a lead acetate (such as in particular lead diacetate, lead di-2-ethylhexanoate, lead dineodecanoate, lead tetraacetate, lead tetrapropionate),
- a lead acetate such as in particular lead diacetate, lead di-2-ethylhexanoate, lead dineodecanoate, lead tetraacetate, lead tetrapropionate
- a zinc catalyst such as a zinc acetylacetonate (such as in particular zinc acetylacetonate) or a zinc acetate (such as in particular zinc 2-ethylcaproate, zinc diacetate, zinc dineodecanoate, zinc diundecenoate, zinc dimethacrylate),
- a zirconium catalyst such as zirconium octoate or zirconium ethyl acetate complex
- a bismuth catalyst such as bismuth carboxylates (such as bismuth (III) neodecanoate) or bismuth oxide,
- an iron catalyst such as e.g. B. iron (III) acetylacetonate or iron diacetate
- an aluminum catalyst such as aluminum acetylacetonate
- a calcium catalyst such as calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetate
- magnesium ethylenediamine tetraacetate are used as catalysts
- Trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium hydroxide N,N,N-trimethyl-N-2-hydroxypropylammonium 2-ethylhexanoate or choline 2-ethylhexanoate.
- an (organic or inorganic) Bronsted acid or its esters such as methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, butyl phosphate, (iso)propyl phosphate or dibutyl phosphate
- an (organic or inorganic) Bronsted base such as hydroxides (in particular sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide), carbonates (in particular alkali metal carbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate) or hydrogen carbonates (such as in particular alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate) or
- hydroxides in particular sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
- carbonates in particular alkali metal carbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonate
- hydrogen carbonates such as in particular alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as sodium or potassium hydrogen carbonate
- step (B) is carried out at a temperature in the range from 130° C. to 195° C., preferably from 135° C. to 190° C., particularly preferably from 140° C 190°C, very particularly preferably 165°C to 185°C.
- step (B) is carried out at a pressure in range from 900 mbar(abs) to 1800 mbar(abs), in particular at ambient pressure.
- the monofunctional araliphatic alcohol and the polyurethane product are used in step (B) in a mass ratio
- the reaction in step (B) is carried out for a period of 1.0 h to 10 h, preferably 1.5 h to 7.5 h, particularly preferably 2 .0 h to 6.0 h and most preferably 2.5 h to 5.5 h.
- step (C) is followed by the following:
- the method comprises step (D.I).
- the hydrolysis Catalyst an (organic or inorganic) Bnzsnstedbase such as a hydroxide (especially sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide), a carbonate (especially an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate), or a bicarbonate (especially an alkali metal bicarbonate such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate ).
- a hydroxide especially sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide
- a carbonate especially an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate
- a bicarbonate especially an alkali metal bicarbonate such as sodium or potassium bicarbonate
- the water and the carbamate are added in a mass ratio [m(water)/m(carbamate)] in the range from 0.05 to 2.5, preferably 1, 3 to 1.7, for example 1.5.
- the hydrolysis catalyst is a urethanase.
- a urethanase which is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 10, SEQ ID No 11 (see WO 2019/243293 A1), preferably SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 11, particularly preferably SEQ ID No. 4 and SEQ ID No. 11, very particularly preferably SEQ ID No 4, and variants of these polypeptides, said polypeptides having urethanase activity.
- the process comprises step (D.II), the cleavage of the carbamate being carried out without the addition of a carbamate cleavage catalyst.
- the process comprises step (D.II), wherein the carbamate cleavage is carried out in the presence of a carbamate cleavage catalyst.
- the carbamate cracking catalyst comprises a metal-free or metal-containing Bnzsnsted or Lewis acid
- Catalyst or a metal-free or metal-containing Bnzsnsted or Lewis basic catalyst Catalyst or a metal-free or metal-containing Bnzsnsted or Lewis basic catalyst.
- step (D.II) is carried out at a temperature in the range from 150°C to 280°C and at a pressure in the range from 0.001 bar(a bs ) up to 2.00 bar(a bs ) .
- the method comprises step (D.III).
- the hydrogenolysis is carried out in the presence of a solvent (such as in particular methanol or ethanol) at a temperature in the range from 20°C to 100°C.
- a solvent such as in particular methanol or ethanol
- the hydrogenolysis catalyst comprises palladium (particularly Pd/C, PdC or Pd(OAc)2), nickel (particularly Raney nickel) or platinum (particularly platinum(IV) oxide).
- the method comprises the step
- step (E) comprises a distillation, stripping with a stripping gas (such as in particular nitrogen or steam, preferably nitrogen) or a combination of these measures.
- a stripping gas such as in particular nitrogen or steam, preferably nitrogen
- the present invention can be applied to the polyurethane products known in the art. These are based on the polyol and isocyanate components already mentioned above, preference being given to polyether polyols and mMDI, pMDI or MDI, optionally in a mixture with other isocyanates such as in particular TDI.
- the polyurethane product is particularly preferably based on MDI as the sole isocyanate of the isocyanate component and on a polyether polyol as the sole polyol of the polyol component. As already explained above, this does not rule out the possibility of using mixtures of different polyether polyol types (and of course also mixtures of different MDI types).
- a polyurethane foam is a highly cross-linked duroplastic material that has been converted into a cellular structure with a low raw material density (particularly in the range from 30 kg/m 3 to 90 kg/m 3 , preferably 30 kg/m 3 to 45 kg/m 3 , determined according to DIN EN ISO 845:2009-10 and low thermal conductivity (usually in the range from 0.021 W/(m K) to 0.030 W/(m K), determined according to DIN 52612 Part 2:1984- 06-01) is usually closed-cell and has a
- Compressive stress on a relatively high deformation resistance The duroplastic character is expressed in the fact that the foam cannot be melted, has a high softening point and good resistance to chemicals and solvents.
- Rigid polyurethane foams have in particular a compressive stress (also called compressive strength) determined according to DIN EN ISO 604:2003 at 40% of 200 kPa to 700 kPa and a tensile strength determined according to DIN EN 826:2013-05-01 of 200 kPa to 900 kPa.
- Rigid polyurethane foams are generally produced using comparatively short-chain polyols, in particular short-chain polyether polyols.
- the short-chain polyether polyols are preferably based on sugar starters (such as sucrose or sorbitol), in particular with mixtures of glycols (such as for example ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) or aromatic amines (such as toluenediamine, in particular the 2,4-isomer) as further starters.
- molecular weights are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The following measurement conditions were observed to determine the weight-average molar mass M w , the number-average molar mass M n and the polydispersity M w /M n :
- step (A) for the following transurethanization.
- This step (A) preferably already comprises preparatory steps for the cleavage of the urethane bonds in step (B). In particular, this involves mechanical comminution of the polyurethane products.
- Such preparatory steps are known to those skilled in the art; reference is made, for example, to the literature cited in [1].
- the polyurethane product can be treated with aqueous or alcoholic disinfectants.
- aqueous or alcoholic disinfectants are preferably hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, formaldehyde, sodium N-chloro-(4-methylbenzene)sulfonamide (chloramine T) and/or peracetic acid (aqueous disinfectant) or ethanol, isopropanol, and/or 1-propanol (alcoholic disinfectant).
- the prepared polyurethane product is filled into suitable transport vehicles, for example silo vehicles, for onward transport.
- suitable transport vehicles for example silo vehicles
- the prepared polyurethane product can also be compressed for onward transport in order to achieve a higher mass-to-volume ratio.
- the polyurethane product is then filled into the reaction device provided for the chemolysis. It is also conceivable to connect the transport vehicle used directly to the reaction device.
- the chemolysis is preferably carried out with the exclusion of oxygen. This means that the reaction is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere (especially in a nitrogen, argon or helium atmosphere).
- the chemolysis reagents used are also preferably freed from oxygen by inert gas saturation.
- Benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol or a mixture of both alcohols is particularly suitable as the monofunctional araliphatic alcohol.
- Benzyl alcohol is preferred.
- Small amounts of water (up to 5% in total, in particular up to 2% of the mass of the total monofunctional araliphatic alcohol used) which, for example, come from the polyurethane product, can be dissolved in the alcohol or can be used as a solvent for the alcoholysis catalyst are in the interest of the invention are not to be understood as starting materials that can split urethane bonds, but rather as trace components that do not significantly influence the reaction.
- Particularly suitable alcoholysis catalysts are tin catalysts, titanium catalysts, lead catalysts, zinc catalysts, zirconium catalysts, cobalt catalysts, bismuth catalysts, iron catalysts,
- Aluminum catalysts calcium catalysts, magnesium catalysts, organic amines, tetraalkylammonium compounds, Bronsted acids (organic or inorganic) or their esters, Bnzsted bases (organic or inorganic) or acid halides. Preferred representatives of such catalysts have already been described above.
- the temperature for step (B) is preferably in the range from 130°C to 195°C, more preferably from 135°C to 190°C, even more preferably from 140°C to 190°C and very particularly preferably 165°C 185oC to 185oC.
- the pressure in step (B) is preferably in the range from 900 mbar( abs) to 1800 mbar( abs) and corresponds in particular to ambient pressure.
- the monofunctional araliphatic alcohol and the polyurethane product are preferably whole in a mass ratio [m(monofunctional araliphatic alcohol)/m(polyurethane product)] ranging from 0.30 to 10, more preferably from 0.40 to 7.5 particularly preferably 0.45 to 5.0 and extraordinarily very particularly preferably 0.48 to 2.0.
- the total reaction time is preferably 1.0 h to 10 h, particularly preferably 1.5 h to 7.5 h, very particularly preferably 2.0 h to 6.0 h and extraordinarily very particularly preferably 2.5 h to 5.5 h .
- step (C) the carbamate is isolated from the suspension obtained in step (B), which—since the carbamate is obtained as a solid in the context of the present invention—can be effected very simply by filtration or centrifugation. Depending on the intended further use of the carbamate, this can be processed further, e.g. B. washed or recrystallized.
- the carbamate obtained in step (C) can be put to various uses in a step (D).
- the carbamate can be subjected to catalytic hydrolysis with water, forming an amine corresponding to an isocyanate of the isocyanate component [(DI)].
- the amines formed in this way can then be put to a variety of other uses, including being phosgenated again to give the corresponding isocyanate.
- the isocyanate thus obtained can then be used again for the production of
- Polyurethane products are supplied.
- Polyurethane products can be supplied.
- the carbamate is also subjected to a catalytic Hvdroqenolvse with hydrogen to form an amine corresponding to an isocyanate of the isocyanate component [(D.III)].
- the amine can be further used as described under (D.I).
- Chemical hydrolysis catalysts are in particular (organic or inorganic) Bnzsnsted bases such as hydroxides (especially sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide), carbonates (especially an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate) or hydrogen carbonates (especially an alkali metal hydrogen carbonate such as sodium or Potassium bicarbonate) into consideration.
- the mass ratio of water and carbamate [m(water)/m(carbamate)] is preferably in the range from 0.05 to 2.5, particularly preferably 1.3 to 1.7, for example 1.5.
- Urethanases in particular, are suitable as enzymatic hydrolysis catalysts, ie enzymes which cleave a urethane bond and in doing so per urethane group release one mole of amine, one mole of alcohol and one mole of CO2.
- the amine released corresponds to the amine from which the isocyanate used to synthesize the polyurethane product can be prepared by phosgenation.
- Preferred urethanases are selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 10, SEQ ID No. 11, preferably SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 11, particularly preferably SEQ ID No. 4 and SEQ ID No. 11, very particularly preferably SEQ ID No. 4, and variants of these polypeptides, characterized in that the aforementioned polypeptides have urethanase activity.
- the amino acid sequences of the aforementioned enzymes are also disclosed under the same designations in WO 2019/243293 A1.
- polypeptide is well known to those skilled in the art. It designates a chain of at least 50, preferably at least 70, amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
- a polypeptide can contain both naturally occurring and synthetic amino acids. It preferably contains the known proteinogenic amino acids.
- a “variant” is obtained by adding, deleting or replacing up to 10%, preferably up to 5%, of the amino acids contained in the respective polypeptide.
- Particularly preferred variants of the aforementioned polypeptides are obtained by adding, deleting or replacing up to 20, preferably up to 10 and even more preferably up to 5 amino acids of the disclosed sequences.
- the aforementioned modifications can be carried out continuously or discontinuously at any desired point on the polypeptide. However, they preferably occur only at the N-terminus and/or at the C-terminus of the polypeptide.
- each variant of the invention obtained by addition, substitution or deletion of amino acids is characterized by urethanase activity as defined later in this application.
- urethanase activity refers to the ability of a polypeptide to enzymatically catalyze the cleavage of a urethane group.
- One mole of amine, one mole of alcohol and one mole of CO2 are formed per mole of urethane group.
- enzyme cleavage of a urethane group indicates that the cleavage of a urethane group described above proceeds faster in the presence of a polypeptide with urethanase activity than when incubated with the reaction buffer without enzyme under the same reaction conditions or when incubated with the reaction buffer under the same conditions in the presence of an inactive one polypeptides.
- bovine serum albumin is preferred. If, in the presence of a polypeptide to be tested, cleavage of the urethane group is faster than in an otherwise identical control containing BSA, said polypeptide has urethanase activity as understood in this application.
- the urethane group can be an aromatic or an aliphatic bonded urethane group.
- An aromatically bonded urethane group has the nitrogen atom bonded directly to an aromatic ring.
- An aliphatically bonded urethane group has the nitrogen atom bonded to an alkyl radical. It is preferably an unbranched alkyl group having at least one, more preferably at least two and most preferably at least three carbon atoms.
- the polypeptide having urethanase activity is capable of enzymatically cleaving an aromatically bound urethane group.
- Whether a polypeptide has urethanase activity can be checked by cleaving suitable model substrates.
- Ethyl 4-nitrophenylcarbamate is the preferred model substrate for investigating the hydrolysis ability of carbamates in which an aromatic residue is bonded to the nitrogen atom.
- the cleavage is detected by determining the increase in the concentration of 4-nitroaniline. This is preferably done photometrically at a wavelength of 405 nm.
- the enzyme activity is preferably determined in a reaction buffer with 100 mM K2HPO4/KH2PO4, pH 7 with 6.25% by volume ethanol in the presence of 0.2 mg/L ENPC as substrate.
- the incubation of the enzyme in the reaction buffer with ENPC is preferably carried out at room temperature and preferably for 24 hours.
- Ethylphenethylcarbamate is the preferred model substrate for investigating the hydrolysis ability of carbamates whose nitrogen atom is bonded to an aliphatic radical. The cleavage is detected by determining the increase in the concentration of phenethylamine. This is preferably done by HPLC.
- the reaction buffer used and the Reaction conditions preferably correspond to the parameters described above for ENPC.
- a polypeptide with urethanase activity from WO 2019/243293 A1 for the hydrolysis of MDI carbamates originating from the alcoholysis of an MDI-based polyurethane product with a monofunctional araliphatic alcohol, in particular benzyl alcohol can be determined by direct detection of the product by HPLC. Here, the release of mMDA or pMDA is detected.
- a model carbamate of pMDl and benzyl alcohol is used for screening. This is abbreviated to pMDI-benzyl alcohol in the following.
- the temperature of the enzymatic reaction may preferably range from 20°C to 70°C. The reaction preferably takes place at ambient pressure.
- Phosphate buffer is preferably used as the solvent for the enzymatic reaction.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- the carbamate cleavage reaction [(D.II)] the thermal cleavage of the carbamate into the isocyanate of the isocyanate component and the monofunctional araliphatic alcohol, optionally supported by catalysts, can be carried out at temperatures in the range from 150° C. to 280° C. and at pressures in the range from 0.001 bar( abs) to 2.00 bar( abs) . If the reaction is catalyzed, then, in particular, metal-free or metal-containing Bronsted or Lewis acid catalysts or metal-free or metal-containing Bronsted or Lewis basic catalysts are suitable as carbamate cleavage catalysts.
- the catalytic hydrocyanolysis with hydrogen [(D.III)] is preferably carried out in the presence of a solvent (such as in particular methanol or ethanol) at a temperature in the range from 20.degree. C. to 100.degree. Palladium (particularly Pd/C, PdC or Pd(OAc) 2 ), nickel (particularly Raney nickel) or platinum catalysts (particularly platinum(IV) oxide) are particularly suitable as hydrogenolysis catalysts.
- a solvent such as in particular methanol or ethanol
- Palladium particularly Pd/C, PdC or Pd(OAc) 2
- nickel particularly Raney nickel
- platinum catalysts particularly platinum(IV) oxide
- Carrying out step (D) as a hydrogenolysis has the particular advantage that certain by-products that may be formed (such as, in particular, N-benzyl compounds) react to form easily separable secondary products (in particular, toluene).
- the polyol phase obtained in step (C) is of course also a product of value which is preferably used further.
- the polyols contained therein are isolated or purified in a step (E).
- Step (E) preferably comprises a distillation, a stripping with a stripping gas (such as in particular nitrogen or steam, preferably nitrogen) or a combination of both methods.
- a stripping gas such as in particular nitrogen or steam, preferably nitrogen
- the rigid polyurethane foam was produced according to the following recipe.
- Desmorapid PV is an amine catalyst from Covestro Deutschland AG
- Desmorapid 726 B is an amine catalyst from Covestro Deutschland AG
- Cyclopentane is a physical blowing agent
- Desmodur 44V20L is an MDI from Covestro Deutschland AG
- Alcohol and catalyst are placed in a 1000 ml 4-necked flask with stirrer, thermometer and cooling attachment and heated to 180° C. to 190° C. under nitrogen.
- a rigid foam produced according to the recipe from Table 1 is added at this temperature and, after it has dissolved, the mixture is stirred at 180° C. to 190° C. for 3 hours.
- Table 2 shows the conditions and the results obtained.
- Urethanases from WO 2019/243293 A1 were used for the following examples.
- the enzymes were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), disrupted and lyophilized. 0.9% (w/w) of this preparation was mixed with 1% (w/w) substrate (here carbamates) in phosphate buffer (preferably between 50 and 200 mM, pH 7.5). Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a co-solvent for the substrate (maximum 10 % (w/w) of the final conversion reaction).
- phosphate buffer preferably between 50 and 200 mM, pH 7.5
- Dimethyl sulfoxide is used as a co-solvent for the substrate (maximum 10 % (w/w) of the final conversion reaction).
- an esterase from Sigma Alderich was investigated: PLE (Esterase from porcine liver (E2884-5kU)) (SEQ ID No. 11, WO 2019/243293). The reaction takes place in 1.5 mL reaction vessels for
- the samples are filtered and analyzed by HPLC (ZORBAX Eclipse C18 column (particle size of 3.5 pm, 4.6 x 75 mm (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA), 40 °C, eluent A: acetonitrile with 5% ultrapure water, Eluent B: 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 with 5% AON, flow rate: 1 mL/min.)
- HPLC ZORBAX Eclipse C18 column (particle size of 3.5 pm, 4.6 x 75 mm (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA), 40 °C, eluent A: acetonitrile with 5% ultrapure water, Eluent B: 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 with 5% AON, flow rate: 1 mL/min.)
- Table 3 shows the elution times of the components with this measurement method.
- Table 3 HPLC method profile
- Table 4 Elution times with HPLC analysis used for the carbamate pMDI-benzyl alcohol used and the expected products 4,4'-MDA and pMDA.
- Table 5 Results of the examples for enzymatic hydrolysis 1) Examples 9b to 12b were each carried out once with the carbamate from example 1 and once with the carbamate from example 3. The results were identical.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21179237 | 2021-06-14 | ||
| EP22171964 | 2022-05-06 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/065933 WO2022263336A1 (de) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-06-13 | Verfahren zur spaltung von polyurethanprodukten |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4355820A1 true EP4355820A1 (de) | 2024-04-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP22733406.7A Pending EP4355820A1 (de) | 2021-06-14 | 2022-06-13 | Verfahren zur spaltung von polyurethanprodukten |
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| US (1) | US20250034606A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4355820A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022263336A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES3050894T3 (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2025-12-23 | Univ Antwerpen | Two-stage chemical recycling of polyurethanes |
| WO2025223981A1 (de) | 2024-04-25 | 2025-10-30 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur gewinnung von anilin durch thermische spaltung von urethanen oder aminen |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4336406A (en) | 1981-02-24 | 1982-06-22 | Ford Motor Company | Polyol extraction by high boiling alkanes |
| TWI237043B (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2005-08-01 | Matsushita Refrigeration | Method of manufacturing rigid polyurethane foam material, method of manufacturing refrigerator, and refrigerator |
| DE102006036007B4 (de) | 2006-08-02 | 2009-03-12 | Purec Gmbh | Rückspaltung von Polyurethanen |
| US9340640B2 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2016-05-17 | Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Polyol for polyurethane preparation and polyurethane preparation method using same |
| PT3587570T (pt) * | 2018-06-21 | 2022-11-21 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Uretanases inovadoras para a degradação enzimática de poliuretanos |
| EP3990516B1 (de) | 2019-06-27 | 2025-08-20 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur wiedergewinnung von rohstoffen aus polyurethanprodukten |
-
2022
- 2022-06-13 US US18/567,935 patent/US20250034606A1/en active Pending
- 2022-06-13 WO PCT/EP2022/065933 patent/WO2022263336A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-06-13 EP EP22733406.7A patent/EP4355820A1/de active Pending
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| US20250034606A1 (en) | 2025-01-30 |
| WO2022263336A1 (de) | 2022-12-22 |
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