EP4352429A1

EP4352429A1 - Heating and cooling module, and method

Info

Publication number: EP4352429A1
Application number: EP22729188.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Jörg Grotendorst; Karl-Heinz Hassel
Original assignee: Rheinmetall Invent GmbH
Current assignee: Rheinmetall Invent GmbH
Priority date: 2021-06-09
Filing date: 2022-05-16
Publication date: 2024-04-17
Also published as: DE102021114840A1; WO2022258315A1

Abstract

Heating and cooling module (4A - 4P) for a heating and cooling system (1A - 1P), comprising: a coolant circuit (7) through which a coolant (K) can be passed; and a coolant guiding block (6), at least part of the coolant circuit (7) being integrated into a material (48) from which the coolant guiding block (6) is made.

Description

HEATING AND COOLING MODULE AND METHOD The present invention relates to a heating and cooling module for a heating and cooling system and a method for operating such a heating and cooling module. A diffusion-tight and pressure-resistant connection is required for components of air conditioning systems and heat pumps. According to in-house knowledge, pipes made of metal can be used for this purpose, which usually form a closed circuit with soldered or welded connections and/or flange connections in connection with sealing rings. However, such a connection technology is only conditionally process-reliable, since soldered connections, for example, depend very heavily on the selected process parameters and are also very complex and take up a large amount of space. In addition, the risk of leaks increases with the number of connection points and thus the risk of climate-damaging refrigerant being released into the environment. Against this background, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved heating and cooling module. Accordingly, a heating and cooling module for a heating and cooling system is proposed. The heating and cooling module comprises a refrigerant circuit, through which a refrigerant can be passed, and a refrigerant guide block, at least part of the refrigerant circuit being incorporated into a material from which the refrigerant guide block is made. The fact that the refrigerant circuit is at least partially incorporated directly into the material of the refrigerant guide block, for example Compared to a refrigerant circuit constructed with the help of a soldering process, process-reliable production, a smaller size with greater power density and a high level of flexibility, for example with regard to the possible uses of the heating and cooling module, can be achieved. This creates a diffusion-closed refrigerant circuit with the lowest possible number of potential leaks. Furthermore, the amount of refrigerant required can be reduced due to the omission of external piping. The heating and cooling module may be suitable for use in a building. In this case, the heating and cooling module can also be referred to as the building heating and cooling module. Alternatively, the heating and cooling module can also be used in a motor vehicle, for example in a passenger car. In this case, the heating and cooling module can also be referred to as a vehicle heating and cooling module. The heating and cooling module can then be part of an air conditioning system in the vehicle, for example. The heating and cooling module can work both in a heating mode and in a cooling mode. Accordingly, the heating and cooling module can also be referred to as an air conditioning module. The heating and cooling module is part of the heating and cooling system. Accordingly, a heating and cooling system with such a heating and cooling module is also proposed. The heating and cooling system can be used for a building or a vehicle, for example. The heating and cooling system can therefore also be referred to as a building heating and cooling system or as a vehicle heating and cooling system. The heating and cooling system can be an air conditioner or part of an air conditioner. The heating and cooling system can be operated both in the aforementioned heating mode and in the cooling mode. Accordingly, the heating and cooling system can also be referred to as an air conditioning system. The heating and cooling system differs from the heating and cooling module, for example through additional components such as external heat exchangers. The heating and cooling system or the heating and cooling module is preferably a heat pump or part of a heat pump. A "heat pump" is to be understood here as a machine that, using technical work, absorbs thermal energy from a reservoir with a lower temperature, in this case, for example, an environment, and—together with the drive energy—as useful heat to an object to be heated System with higher temperature, in this case, for example, an interior of the building or the vehicle transmits. Accordingly, the heating and cooling module can also be referred to as a heat pump heating and cooling module or as a heat pump module. In the present case, a “module” should preferably be understood to mean a cuboid or box-shaped component that can be transported and assembled as a unit. The heating and cooling module is therefore preferably a transportable, compact unit that can be carried by one person, for example. This enables the heating and cooling module to be used in a variety of ways. For example, several heating and cooling modules can be combined with one another. A “refrigerant circuit” is to be understood here as meaning a device in which the refrigerant can circulate or through which the refrigerant can flow. The refrigerant circuit can be arranged entirely within the refrigerant supply block. However, the coolant circuit can also be arranged at least partially outside the coolant guide block. The refrigerant circuit is implemented, for example, with the aid of cavities, recesses, grooves, bores or the like introduced or incorporated into the refrigerant routing block or into the material. The refrigerant circuit includes refrigerant lines, for example, which can be routed at least partially inside the refrigerant routing block. Furthermore, the refrigerant circuit can also include switching valves integrated into the refrigerant routing block, a switching valve unit, expansion valves, bypass valves, a compressor, filters, a treatment unit, multiple heat exchangers and/or any other components of a heat pump. The aforementioned components can also be generally referred to as "components" of the refrigerant circuit or the heating and cooling module. The refrigerant can be, for example, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), carbon dioxide (R744) or any other suitable refrigerant. When the heating and cooling module is in operation, the refrigerant flows through the refrigerant circuit. A "refrigerant" transports enthalpy from refrigerated goods to the environment. The difference to a "refrigerant" is that a refrigerant in a refrigeration circuit can transport the enthalpy along a temperature gradient, so that the ambient temperature can even be higher than the temperature of the object to be cooled when energy is supplied. stands, while a coolant is only able to transport the enthalpy in a cooling circuit against the temperature gradient to a point with a lower temperature. An example of a coolant is water. The refrigerant guide block is block-shaped or plate-shaped. “Block-shaped” means here that the refrigerant routing block is cuboid or box-shaped. "Plate-shaped" means that a thickness of the refrigerant guide block is significantly smaller than a width extension and a depth extension of the same. The coolant routing block is particularly preferably plate-shaped. The refrigerant guide block can therefore also be referred to as a refrigerant guide plate. This means that the terms "refrigerant The refrigerant routing block" and "refrigerant routing plate" can be interchanged as desired. The refrigerant routing block carries or directs the refrigerant during operation of the heating and cooling module. The refrigerant routing block can also be referred to as a refrigerant routing block or as a refrigerant routing plate. This means that the terms " Refrigerant guide block", "refrigerant line block" and "refrigerant line plate" can be interchanged as desired. The material from which the refrigerant guide block is made can include, for example, an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy or any other metallic material. The material is preferably a light metal However, for example, the material can also be a copper alloy or a steel alloy. However, an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy is preferably used for reasons of weight material or a ceramic material. However, the material is particularly preferably a metallic material. The material can also be referred to as a material. Furthermore, the material can also be referred to as refrigerant guide block material. The refrigerant routing block can be made entirely of exactly one material. Alternatively, the coolant routing block can also be made from several different materials. This means that different materials can be combined with one another to produce the refrigerant guide block. In the present case, the fact that the refrigerant circuit is “incorporated” or “introduced” into the material means in particular that the refrigerant circuit, for example one of the previously mentioned refrigerant lines of the refrigerant circuit, preferably incorporated or introduced into the block-shaped material by a material-removing process, such as drilling, milling or eroding, in the form of a cavity, a recess, a bore or a groove. However, the refrigerant circuit can also be “incorporated” or “introduced” into the refrigerant routing block by constructing the refrigerant routing block “around” the refrigerant circuit in an additive or generative manufacturing process, in particular in a 3D printing process. "Incorporated" also means in particular that the refrigerant circuit is at least partially designed as a cavity provided in the material. In particular, the refrigerant circuit is incorporated directly into the material. This means that no additional components, such as pipes, run through the refrigerant routing block to route the refrigerant. This also means that the refrigerant can come into direct contact with the material when the heating and cooling module is in operation. However, this does not rule out the refrigerant circuit, for example the previously mentioned refrigerant line, being coated on the inside at least in sections with a coating, for example with a corrosion-inhibiting coating. According to one embodiment, the coolant routing block is a one-piece component, in particular a one-piece material component. "In one piece" or "in one piece" means that the refrigerant routing block is not composed of different components, but is manufactured as a single component. "One-piece material" or "monolithic" means that the coolant guide block is made of the same material throughout, namely the aforementioned material. However, this does not preclude the refrigerant routing block from having a cover or other maintenance openings that can be opened and closed. The refrigerant guide block can in the event that this is in one piece, also referred to as a monoblock or as a refrigerant management monoblock. The refrigerant circuit itself can be introduced into the refrigerant routing block, for example, by drilling, milling, eroding or other machining processes. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the refrigerant routing block can also be constructed “around” the refrigerant circuit in an additive or generative manufacturing process, in particular in a 3D printing process. A powdery metallic or ceramic material can be used for this purpose, for example. A plastic material can also be used. The coolant routing block can also be a cast component, in which case the coolant circuit can be realized by inserted cores which are removed after the completion of the coolant routing block, namely after the same casting. Openings or bores in the refrigerant guide block that are not functionally required can be welded or soldered shut or sealed in a fluid-tight manner in some other way. According to a further embodiment, the coolant routing block is at least in two parts and has a lower part and an upper part which is firmly connected to the lower part. In principle, the refrigerant routing block can include any number of individual parts. Splitting the refrigerant routing block into two has the advantage that larger components of the refrigerant circuit, such as a heat exchanger, can also be integrated into the refrigerant routing block. For example, the refrigerant circuit is incorporated into the lower part in the form of channels using a milling process. Afterward the lower part is closed with the help of the upper part and firmly connected to it. The lower part is preferably connected to the upper part in a material-to-material manner. In the case of material connections, the connection partners are held together by atomic or molecular forces. Cohesive connections are non-detachable connections that can only be separated from one another by destroying the connection means and/or the connection partners. This means that the lower part and the upper part of the refrigerant routing block can no longer be separated from one another without being destroyed. For example, the lower part and the upper part are soldered or welded together in a fluid-tight manner. Furthermore, the one-piece and the two-piece or multi-piece construction of the refrigerant guide block can also be used in combination with one another. For example, in the area of the previously mentioned refrigerant lines, the refrigerant routing block can be designed in one piece, in particular made of one piece of material, with the refrigerant routing block being designed in two parts with a lower part and an upper part, for example in the area of switchover valves, in order to enable good accessibility of the switchover valves. The upper part can also be a removable maintenance cover, via which, for example, a replaceable filter is accessible. According to a further embodiment, the refrigerant circuit has a compressor which is arranged at least partially within the refrigerant routing block. For example, the refrigerant routing block forms part of a compressor housing of the compressor. The compressor can also be referred to as a compressor. Preferably, the compressor comprises a compressor geometry driven by a motor. For example, the compressor geometry can include dense blades or a piston. For example, the compressor geometry is arranged within the refrigerant routing block. For this purpose, a corresponding cavity or a corresponding recess for the compressor geometry is provided in the coolant guide block. Electronic components, valves, switches or the like of the compressor can also be arranged inside the refrigerant routing block and thus integrated into it. The motor of the compressor can also be placed inside the refrigerant routing block, at least in sections. Due to the fact that the compressor is integrated at least in sections into the refrigerant guide block, piping between the compressor and the refrigerant guide block can advantageously be dispensed with. According to a further embodiment, the refrigerant circuit has a throttle valve which is arranged within the refrigerant routing block and is at least partially incorporated into the material. The throttle valve can also be referred to as an expansion valve. The refrigerant circuit preferably includes at least one throttle valve. However, the refrigerant circuit can also include multiple throttle valves, for example two throttle valves. The throttle valve can be designed, for example, as a constriction or constriction of one of the refrigerant lines that is worked into the material of the refrigerant guide block. A bypass valve can be assigned to the throttle valve, with the aid of which the refrigerant can be routed around the throttle valve. This may be necessary when the direction of flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit is reversed. The bypass valve can also be incorporated into the material. The bypass valve is preferably a switching valve. For example, a movable valve body of the bypass valve is in a corresponding Appropriate recess or a cavity is provided, which is incorporated into the refrigerant management block. According to a further embodiment, the refrigerant circuit has switchover valves and/or a switchover valve unit for reversing a flow direction of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit, the switchover valves and/or the switchover valve unit being arranged within the refrigerant guide block and at least partially in the material are incorporated. The number of switching valves is arbitrary. For example, four such switching valves are provided. The switching valves can be on-off valves. This means that the changeover valves can be either fully open or fully closed. The changeover valves have, for example, movable valve bodies that are accommodated in corresponding recesses or cavities that are made or worked into the material of the refrigerant routing block. The switching valve unit can replace the switching valves. By using the switchover valve unit, the number of valves required can be reduced in comparison to the use of switchover valves. According to a further embodiment, the coolant circuit has at least one heat exchanger which is arranged within the coolant guide block and is at least partially incorporated into the material. The heat exchanger can also be referred to as a heat exchanger. For example, heat exchanger plates of the respective heat exchanger are accommodated in a hollow space or a recess in the coolant routing block. It is particularly advantageous here if the coolant routing block is designed in two parts. In this case, the heat exchanger plates can wisely inserted into the lower part, which is then closed and soldered or welded to the upper part. The refrigerant circuit can include multiple heat exchangers. A heat exchanger that works as an evaporator and a heat exchanger that works as a condenser are preferably provided. The functionality of the heat exchanger can be reversed by reversing the flow direction of the refrigerant. The condenser and the evaporator can be placed outside the refrigerant management block. Furthermore, the refrigerant circuit can also include an internal heat exchanger, which enables heat exchange between refrigerant lines within the refrigerant guide block. This can increase the efficiency of the heating and cooling module. According to a further embodiment, the coolant circuit has coolant lines that are at least partially routed through the coolant guide block and at least partially incorporated into the material. The refrigerant lines can also be referred to as refrigerant channels. As previously mentioned, the refrigerant lines can be worked into the material of the refrigerant routing block, for example as bores or grooves, using a machining process. The refrigerant lines can run partly outside and partly inside the refrigerant guide block. According to a further embodiment, the refrigerant routing block has a gap worked into the material, in particular an air gap, which is placed between refrigerant lines arranged next to one another in order to thermally decouple the refrigerant lines from one another. The gap can also be referred to as a slot or groove. Because the gap is filled with air, it has very low thermal conductivity compared to the material of the refrigerant routing block. The fact that the coolant lines are "thermally" decoupled from one another means in the present case that a transfer of heat between the coolant lines within the coolant guide block is prevented or at least reduced. The refrigerant guide block can have a large number of such gaps. For example, each refrigerant line can be assigned a pair of gaps between which the respective refrigerant line is arranged. With the help of the gap or gaps, it is also possible to thermally decouple other components of the refrigerant circuit that have already been mentioned, such as throttle valves, switchover valves, the switchover valve unit, heat exchanger, the compressor or any other components or components of the refrigerant circuit to separate. Accordingly, the refrigerant routing block has a gap worked into the material, in particular an air gap, which is placed between components of the refrigerant circuit arranged next to one another in order to thermally decouple the components from one another. A thermal decoupling of the respective component from the refrigerant guide block can also be achieved. According to a further embodiment, the gap extends partially or completely through the refrigerant guide block in a vertical direction of the refrigerant guide block. The vertical direction can also be referred to as the thickness direction. The refrigerant routing block preferably includes an upper side and an underside facing away from the upper side. The gap can extend into the refrigerant routing block, starting from the upper side in the direction of the lower side. Conversely, the gap can also extend into the refrigerant routing block, starting from the underside in the direction of the upper side. If the gap extends completely through the refrigerant guide block, it connects the upper side with the lower side. In the latter case, the best thermal decoupling is achieved. The gap can be milled into the coolant routing block, for example. Furthermore, the gap can also be produced with the aid of an eroding process. According to a further embodiment, the gap is at least partially filled with an insulating material, in particular with a foamed plastic material. The insulating material has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of the refrigerant routing block. This further improves the thermal decoupling. The insulating material can be a polyurethane foam (PU), for example, which is introduced into the gap in liquid form and foams and hardens and/or crosslinks there. The insulating material is preferably a foam or has pores that can be closed or open. The insulating material can also be a plastic injection molded component that is glued and/or inserted into the gap. According to a further embodiment, at least one of the refrigerant lines is opened towards the gap, with an insulating element, in particular a plastic component, being accommodated in the gap, which seals the at least one refrigerant line in a fluid-tight manner with respect to the gap. This further improves the thermal decoupling. A material from which the insulating element is made has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of the coolant guide block. The fact that the refrigerant line is "opened" towards the gap means here that the refrigerant line, in particular an inner wall of the refrigerant line, is interrupted, so that the refrigerant pours into the gap in the event that the insulating element is not accommodated in the gap. The insulating element thus becomes part of the refrigerant line, in particular the inner wall of the refrigerant line. The insulating element can also be used for the thermal decoupling of the aforementioned additional components of the refrigerant circuit, such as the throttle valves, the switching valves, the switching valve unit, the heat exchanger or any other components and parts of the refrigerant circuit. The insulating element is preferably a plastic injection molded component. Examples of suitable plastic materials are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or other suitable thermoplastics. The insulating element can be glued or welded into the gap. According to a further embodiment, the insulating element has a diffusion-tight coating, in particular a metallic coating, at least on the refrigerant side. "Refrigerant side" in the present case means facing towards the refrigerant. In the present case, "diffusion-tight" means that the coating prevents the refrigerant from diffusing into the insulating element. For example, the coating can be a chromium layer, nickel layer, gold layer, silver layer, copper layer or the like. It is also possible to coat the entire insulating element. Furthermore, a method for operating such a heating and cooling module for a heating and cooling system is proposed. The method comprises the following steps: a) Passing a refrigerant through a refrigerant circuit of the heating and cooling module, wherein at least part of the refrigerant circuit is incorporated into a material from which a refrigerant routing block of the heating and cooling module is made, so that the refrigerant flows through the refrigerant routing block, and b) transfer of heat with help of the refrigerant. Steps a) and b) are preferably carried out simultaneously. In step b), heat is preferably transferred from an environment into an interior of a building or motor vehicle in a heating operation of the heating and cooling module. However, the method also enables cooling operation, in which heat is transferred from the interior space to the environment. The heating and cooling module is a heat pump or part of a heat pump. When flowing through the refrigerant guide block, the refrigerant comes into direct contact with the material of the refrigerant guide block. However, this does not preclude the refrigerant circuit from being coated on the refrigerant side, at least in sections. According to one embodiment, in step a) and/or in step b) a thermal decoupling of refrigerant lines of the refrigerant circuit provided in the refrigerant guide block is achieved by at least one gap being provided in the refrigerant guide block. The gap interrupts or impedes unwanted heat transport between the refrigerant lines. This is advantageous in that the efficiency of the method can be increased since the refrigerant guide block is prevented from being heated uniformly. As previously mentioned, the gap can be filled with the insulating material. The previously mentioned insulating element can also be accommodated in the gap. This further improves the thermal decoupling. As previously mentioned, any number of columns can be provided. As mentioned above, the thermal decoupling with the aid of the gap or gaps can be used for any other components of the refrigerant circuit, such as throttle valves, switchover valves, the switchover valve unit, heat exchanger, the compressor or any other parts or components of the refrigerant circuit . The embodiments and features described for the proposed heating and cooling module apply accordingly to the proposed method. As used herein, "a" is not necessarily to be construed as being limited to exactly one element. Rather, several elements, such as two, three or more, can also be provided. Any other count word used here should also not be understood to mean that there is a restriction to precisely the stated number of elements. Rather, numerical deviations upwards and downwards are possible, unless otherwise stated. Further possible implementations of the heating and cooling module and/or the method also include combinations of features or embodiments described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. The person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the heating and cooling module and/or the method. Further advantageous configurations and aspects of the heating and cooling module and/or the method are the subject of the dependent claims and the exemplary embodiments of the heating and cooling module and/or the method described below. The heating and cooling module and/or the method are explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred embodiments with reference to the enclosed figures. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 2 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 3 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 4 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 5 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 6 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 7 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 8 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 9 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 10 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 11 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 12 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 13 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 14 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 15 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; 16 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system; FIG. 17 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of an embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; FIG. 18 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; FIG. 19 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; FIG. 20 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; FIG. 21 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; FIG. 22 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; FIG. 23 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; FIG. 24 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block according to section line XVII-XVII of FIG. 1; and FIG. 25 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a method for operating a heating and cooling module for a heating and cooling system according to one of FIGS. 1 to 16. In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements have been provided with the same reference symbols. unless otherwise stated. 1 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1A for a building 2. The heating and cooling system 1A can formerly referred to as building heating and cooling system. The building 2 can, for example, be a residential building, in particular a single-family house or an apartment building, or an office building. The heating and cooling system 1A is capable of heating and cooling an indoor space 3 of the building 2 . The heating and cooling system 1A can therefore also be referred to as an air conditioning system. However, the heating and cooling system 1A can also be used in a vehicle (not shown), in particular in an automobile. In this case, the heating and cooling system 1A can be called a vehicle heating and cooling system. The heating and cooling system 1A can be an air conditioning system or part of an air conditioning system of the vehicle. The heating and cooling system 1A comprises a compact heating and cooling module 4A, which can be arranged outside the building 2, i.e. in an environment 5 thereof, or in the interior 3 of the building 2. The heating and cooling module 4A can also be referred to as an air conditioning module. If the heating and cooling module 4A is used in a building 2, it can also be referred to as a building heating and cooling module. If the heating and cooling module 4A is used in a vehicle, it can also be referred to as a vehicle heating and cooling module. The heating and cooling module 4A has a coolant line block or coolant guide block 6, in which a coolant circuit 7, in which a coolant K circulates, is implemented with the aid of bores, channels, cavities or the like. The refrigerant K can be 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a) or any other suitable refrigerant. A "refrigerant" transports enthalpy from the refrigerated goods to the environment 5. The difference to a "refrigerant" is that a refrigerant in a refrigeration circuit can transport the enthalpy along a temperature gradient, so that the ambient temperature can be even higher when energy is supplied than the temperature of the object to be cooled, while a coolant is only able to transport the enthalpy in a cooling circuit against the temperature gradient to a point with a lower temperature. The refrigerant guide block 6 can be plate-shaped or cuboid. The coolant routing block 6 can be made of an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy, for example. However, the refrigerant guide block 6 can also be made of a copper alloy. The coolant routing block 6 is preferably a one-piece component, in particular a component made of one piece of material. However, the coolant routing block 6 can also be in several parts. "In one piece" or "in one piece" means that the coolant routing block 6 is not composed of different components, but is manufactured as a single component. "One-piece material" or "monolithic" means that the coolant routing block 6 is made of the same material, for example an aluminum alloy, throughout. However, this does not preclude the coolant guide block 6 from having a cover or other maintenance openings that can be opened and closed. The coolant circuit 7 itself can be introduced into the coolant guide block 6, for example by drilling, milling, eroding or other machining processes. In this way, a diffusion-closed refrigerant circuit 7 is created with the smallest possible number of potential leaks. Furthermore, the coolant routing block 6 can also be constructed “around” the coolant circuit 7 in an additive or generative manufacturing process, in particular in 3D printing. The coolant guide block 6 can also be a cast component, in which case the coolant circuit 7 can be realized by inserted cores which are removed after the completion of the coolant guide block 6 . Due to the fact that essential refrigerant-carrying cavities of the refrigerant circuit 7 are functionally introduced into the solid refrigerant routing block 6, the joining techniques required to close the refrigerant circuit 7 compared to conventional piping can be significantly reduced. With the refrigerant routing block 6, less leakage of the refrigerant K can thus be achieved in comparison to soldering methods, process-reliable production, a smaller size with higher power density and high flexibility, for example with regard to the possible uses of the heating and cooling module 4A. By reducing the number of detachable connections, a hermetically sealed refrigerant circuit 7 with low refrigerant diffusion and increased ease of installation can be achieved with a small size. This results in a reduction in the placing on the market of environmentally hazardous substances, such as refrigerant K, with a high global warming potential. Preferably, the refrigerant circuit 7 implemented in the refrigerant routing block 6 also includes--as will be explained below--valves or valve devices which can conduct the refrigerant K into different cavities depending on the different operating modes of the heating and cooling module 4A and thus reverse a direction of flow of the refrigerant K and thus, for example, can represent a cycle reversal or a defrost circuit. Valve bodies of these valves can be pressed or glued into the refrigerant guide block 6, although a detachable connection technique can also be used for ease of maintenance. Furthermore, other functional assemblies such as a buffer store, a dryer or even a sight glass can be integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . These can be fully functionally integrated into the coolant guide block 6 in the form of a further cavity or in the form of an assembly group attached to the coolant guide block 6 . Furthermore, a cavity can also be provided in the coolant routing block 6 as a buffer store, which can include a filter and/or a desiccant. Such desiccants are usually changed at defined service intervals. In order to be able to do this, it makes sense to provide a detachable connection for this purpose, which allows access to this aforementioned cavity and enables the desiccant to be exchanged as part of the service activities. Furthermore, the electronics required to control the valves and possibly a compressor, as well as the required sensors, such as temperature and/or pressure sensors, can also be integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . Depending on requirements, heat exchangers of the heating and cooling system 1A can be configured as any refrigerant-air heat exchanger, refrigerant-water heat exchanger or refrigerant-brine heat exchanger, depending on the heat source and heat sink used. It is also possible to integrate the aforementioned compressor at least partially in the refrigerant guide block 6. In the present case, the refrigerant circuit 7 implemented in the refrigerant routing block 6 includes a refrigerant line 8 introduced, for example, as a bore in the refrigerant routing block 6, which leads from an interface 9 provided on the refrigerant routing block 6 to an interface 10 provided on the refrigerant routing block 6 . The interfaces 9, 10 can be flanges or sockets, for example, to which hoses or pipes can be attached. The refrigerant line 8 includes an expansion valve or throttle valve 11 incorporated into the refrigerant routing block 6. The throttle valve 11 can be a throttle, ie a constriction or throttle provided on the refrigerant line 8 for the expansion of the refrigerant K. The flow through the throttle valve 11 can be in only one direction or in two directions. Another refrigerant line 12 provided in the refrigerant guide block 6 leads from an interface 13 to an interface 14 of the refrigerant guide block 6. A refrigerant line 15 leads from an interface 16 to an interface 17. A refrigerant line 18 implemented in the refrigerant guide block 6 connects the refrigerant lines 12, 15 fluidly with each other. The refrigerant line 18 has a valve 19 , in particular a switching valve, which is also arranged in the refrigerant routing block 6 . A heat exchanger 22 , in particular an air-refrigerant heat exchanger, which is also arranged outside of the refrigerant guide block 6 , is connected to the interfaces 10 , 13 with the aid of refrigerant lines 20 , 21 arranged outside of the refrigerant guide block 6 . The refrigerant lines 20, 21 can be pipes or hoses. The refrigerant lines 20, 21 are flanged to the interfaces 10, 13. A fan or fan 23 is assigned to the heat exchanger 22 . The fan 23 can force air flow to enable improved heat exchange. A heat exchanger 26 is connected to the interfaces 9 , 17 with the aid of refrigerant lines 24 , 25 . The refrigerant lines 24, 25 and the heat exchanger 26 are arranged outside of the refrigerant guide block 6. The refrigerant lines 24, 25 can be hoses or pipes. The refrigerant lines 24, 25 are flanged to the interfaces 9, 17. The heat exchanger 26 is preferably a refrigerant/heat transfer medium heat exchanger, in particular a refrigerant/water heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 26 is suitable for transferring heat Q from the refrigerant circuit 7 to a heat transfer medium circuit 27 and vice versa. A heat transfer medium M1, for example water, circulates in the heat transfer medium circuit 27. The heat transfer medium M1 is a coolant. In addition to the heat exchanger 26 , the heat transfer medium circuit 27 includes a heat exchanger 28 which is arranged in the interior 3 of the building 2 . The heat exchanger 28 is a heat transfer medium/air heat exchanger. The heat exchanger 28 can be a heater or radiator. A compressor or compressor 29 for compressing the refrigerant K is connected to the interfaces 14, 16. The compressor 29 is placed entirely outside the refrigerant guide block 6 . As previously mentioned, however, the compressor 29 can also be at least partially integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . The compressor 29 comprises a compressor geometry 30 and a motor 31, in particular an electric motor, for driving the compressor geometry 30. The compressor geometry 30 can comprise compressor blades or a piston. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1A in a heating mode is explained below. The heating and cooling system 1A functions as a heat pump, in particular as an air-water heat pump. A suitable combination of the heat exchangers 22, 26, 28, for example by using two refrigerant/liquid heat exchangers, can be used to form a water/water heat pump or an air/air heat pump by combining two refrigerant/air heat exchangers . A "heat pump" is presently to be understood as a machine that, using technical work, absorbs thermal energy from a reservoir with a lower temperature, in this case the environment 5, and - together with the drive energy - transfers it as useful heat to a system to be heated with higher Herer temperature, in this case the interior 3 of the building 2 transmits. The heat exchanger 22 absorbs heat Q from the environment 5 . The heat exchanger 22 works as an evaporator in order to at least partially evaporate the refrigerant K. The refrigerant K absorbs the heat Q. The refrigerant K is cold, has a low pressure and is at least partially gaseous. This refrigerant K is fed to the compressor 29 via the refrigerant lines 12, 21 and compressed. Downstream of the compressor 29, the refrigerant K has a high temperature and a high pressure and is at least partially gaseous. The refrigerant K is then fed to the heat exchanger 26 via the refrigerant lines 15, 24. The heat exchanger 26 functions as a condenser. The gaseous refrigerant K condenses in the heat exchanger 26 and gives off heat Q to the heat transfer medium circuit 27 . Downstream of the heat exchanger 26, the refrigerant K is liquid, has a high pressure and is warm. The refrigerant K is fed to the throttle valve 11 via the refrigerant lines 8, 25, where the pressure is reduced. Downstream of the throttle valve 11, the refrigerant K is liquid, has a low pressure and is very cold. The refrigerant K is fed back to the heat exchanger 22 via the refrigerant lines 8, 20, where it absorbs heat Q again. The heat Q transferred to the heat transfer medium circuit 27 is given off to the interior 3 with the aid of the heat exchanger 28 in order to heat it. The process explained above can be reversed for cooling the interior 3 . The heating and cooling system 1A is then in a cooling mode. FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1B. The heating and cooling system 1B differs from the heating and cooling system 1A by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4B. In the heating and cooling module 4B according to FIG. 2, the refrigerant routing block 6 includes, in addition to the throttle valve 11, a further expansion valve or throttle valve 32 which, like the throttle valve 11, is assigned to the refrigerant line 8. Both throttle valves 11, 32 are located at least partially inside the refrigerant guide block 6. The flow through the throttle valves 11, 32 can only be in one direction. Each throttle valve 11, 32 includes a check valve 33, 34 and a throttle 35, 36. The throttle valve 11 is assigned a bypass valve 37. A bypass valve 38 is assigned to the throttle valve 32 . The bypass valves 37, 38 are arranged inside the refrigerant guide block 6. With the help of the bypass valves 37, 38 it is possible to bypass the respective throttle valve 11, 32 and thus to route the refrigerant K around the corresponding throttle valve 11, 32. The refrigerant routing block 6 also has switchover valves 39 to 42, with the help of which a reversal of a flow direction of the refrigerant K in the refrigerant circuit 7 is possible. In this way, the heating and cooling system 1B can be switched from heating operation to cooling operation, or the heat exchanger 22 can be defrosted. For example, movable valve bodies of the changeover valves 39 to 42 are accommodated in corresponding bores in the coolant guide block 6 . The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1B in the heating mode is explained below. The heating and cooling system 1B works essentially like the previously explained heating and cooling system 1A. The switching valves 39, 42 are open. The switching valves 40, 41 are closed. The bypass valve 37 is open. The bypass valve 38 is closed. The heat exchanger 22 absorbs heat Q from the environment 5 . The heat exchanger 22 works as an evaporator in order to at least partially evaporate the refrigerant K. The refrigerant K absorbs the heat Q. The refrigerant K is cold, has a low pressure and is at least partially gaseous. This refrigerant K is fed to the compressor 29 via the refrigerant lines 12, 21 and the switching valve 42 and is compressed. Downstream of the compressor 29, the refrigerant K has a high temperature and a high pressure and is at least partially gaseous. The refrigerant K is downstream of the compressor 29 via the refrigerant line 15, the switching valve 39 and the refrigerant line 24 to the heat exchanger shear 26 fed. The heat exchanger 26 functions as a condenser. The gaseous refrigerant K condenses in the heat exchanger 26 and gives off heat Q to the heat transfer medium circuit 27 . Downstream of the heat exchanger 26, the refrigerant K is liquid, has a high pressure and is warm. The coolant K is fed to the throttle valve 32 via the bypass valve 37 and the coolant lines 8, 25, where the pressure is reduced with the aid of the throttle valve 32. Downstream of the throttle valve 32, the refrigerant K is liquid, has low pressure, and is very cold. The coolant K is fed back to the heat exchanger 22 via the coolant line 20, where it absorbs heat Q again. The process explained above can be reversed for cooling the interior 3 . The heating and cooling system 1B is then in cooling mode. To this end, the switching valves 39, 42 are closed and the switching valves 40, 41 are opened. Furthermore, the bypass valve 37 is closed and the bypass valve 38 is opened. The refrigerant K is then expanded with the aid of the throttle valve 11. FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1C. The heating and cooling system 1C differs from the heating and cooling system 1B by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4C. In the heating and cooling module 4C according to FIG. 3, an internal heat exchanger 43 is integrated into the coolant routing block 6, which heat exchanger enables heat exchange between the coolant line 8 and the coolant line 12. The refrigerant lines 8, 12 are for this purpose in the area of the heat exchanger schers 43 in a meandering shape and interlock like fingers or combs. For example, it is thus possible in heating mode to transfer heat Q from the refrigerant K flowing through the refrigerant line 8 to the heat exchanger 22 to the refrigerant K flowing through the refrigerant line 12 to the compressor 29 . This increases efficiency. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1C otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. 4 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1D. The heating and cooling system 1D differs from the heating and cooling system 1C by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4D. In the case of the heating and cooling module 4D according to FIG. 4 , in comparison to the heating and cooling module 4C, an internal processing unit 44 for the refrigerant K is additionally integrated into the refrigerant routing block 6 . The processing unit 44 can be introduced into the coolant routing block 6 as a hollow space. The processing unit 44 can include a buffer store, a dryer and/or a filter for the refrigerant K. The processing unit 44 can also be a collector, an accumulator or the like. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1D otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1E. The heating and cooling system 1E differs from the heating and cooling system 1D by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4E. In this embodiment of the heating and cooling module 4E according to FIG. 5, in contrast to the heating and cooling module 4D, the refrigerant routing block 6 does not include two throttle valves 11, 32 with bypass valves 37, 38, but only one throttle valve 32 without a bypass valve 37. 38. The throttle valve 32 can be flown through on both sides. When the flow runs counter to the throttling direction, the throttling valve 32 allows liquid coolant K to be passed on without being throttled. The throttle valve 32 allows an unthrottled liquid/liquid expansion and throttled a liquid/wet steam expansion. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1E otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1F. The heating and cooling system 1F differs from the heating and cooling system 1E by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4F. In contrast to the heating and cooling module 4E, the refrigerant routing block 6 of the heating and cooling module 4F according to FIG. 6 does not include an internal heat exchanger 43. However, the heat exchanger 43 can be provided as an option. As in the case of the heating and cooling module 4E, only one throttle valve 32 through which flow can take place on both sides is provided in the refrigerant routing block 6 . The throttle valve 32 throttles in both directions. In addition, the compressor 29 is partially or completely integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . In this case, for example, only the compressor geometry 30 can be located within the coolant routing block 6 . However, the entire compressor 29, that is to say the compressor geometry 30 and the motor 31, can also be arranged within the coolant routing block 6. the radio The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1F otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1G. The heating and cooling system 1G differs from the heating and cooling system 1B by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4G. In contrast to the heating and cooling module 4B, the compressor 29 in the heating and cooling module 4G according to FIG. 7 is integrated into the refrigerant guide plate 6, as explained above with regard to the heating and cooling module 4F. An integrated processing unit 44 is also provided. The heat exchanger 26 can also be at least partially integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . Otherwise, the structure of the heating and cooling module 4G corresponds to that of the heating and cooling module 4B. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1G also corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. 8 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1H. The heating and cooling system 1H differs from the heating and cooling system 1B by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4H. In contrast to the heating and cooling module 4B, in the heating and cooling module 4H according to FIG. Instead of the switching valves 39 to 42 for circuit reversal, a switching unit or switching valve unit 45 is provided, which enables the previously mentioned circuit reversal of the refrigerant K in the refrigerant circuit 7 . By such a switching valve unit 45, for example, the number of otherwise provided switching valves 39 to 42 reduce. An internal heat exchanger 43 and an integrated processing unit 44 are also provided. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1H otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 9 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1I. The heating and cooling system 1I differs from the heating and cooling system 1A by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4I. The heating and cooling module 4I according to FIG. 9 includes a processing unit 44 as previously mentioned, but which is arranged outside of the refrigerant routing block 6 . The refrigerant routing block 6 includes a throttle valve 32 as previously explained. The throttle valve 32 is placed in the immediate vicinity of the heat exchanger 22 . The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1I otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1A. FIG. 10 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1J. The heating and cooling system 1J differs from the heating and cooling system 1I by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4J. In contrast to the heating and cooling module 4I, in the heating and cooling module 4J according to FIG. In addition, a further heat exchanger 46, in particular a refrigerant/liquid heat exchanger, is provided. The heat exchanger 46 exchanges with the help of a heat transfer medium circuit 47, in which a heat transfer medium M2, for example water, circulates with the heat exchanger 22, which is used as a refrigerant heat transfer medium Heat exchanger is formed, heat Q from. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1J otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1A. FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1K. The heating and cooling system 1K differs from the heating and cooling system 1J by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4K. In the heating and cooling module 4K according to FIG. 11, in contrast to the heating and cooling module 4J, the compressor 29, the heat exchanger 22 and the heat exchanger 26 are also integrated in the coolant routing block 6. In addition, the coolant routing block 6 also has a valve 19 as explained with reference to FIG. Otherwise, the functionality of the heating and cooling system 1K corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1A. The valve 19 can be used for power control, for example. Alternatively, such a refrigerant routing via the valve 19 can be used, for example, to de-ice an air-refrigerant heat exchanger. As previously mentioned with reference to FIG. 10 , the preparation unit 44 is integrated into the refrigerant routing block 6 . The processing unit 44 can be a buffer container or can include such a container. The buffer container can include other built-in components such as an intake pipe with a sniffer hole and filtration and/or drying devices. In the event that the heat exchangers 22, 26 are integrated into the coolant guide block 6, it is advantageous if this is divided into two at least into a first part or lower part and a second part or upper part. Individual plates of the heat exchangers 22, 26 and installations of the processing unit 44 can then be inserted into the lower part. After the upper part has been attached to the lower part of the refrigerant guide block 6, it can be inseparably soldered in a continuous furnace, for example, or else be connected in a refrigerant-tight manner by means of adhesive connections. It goes without saying that only one heat exchanger 22, 26 can be integrated and the other heat exchanger 22, 26 can be detached from the coolant guide block 6, but can be coupled to it by means of connecting elements. FIG. 12 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1L. The heating and cooling system 1L differs from the heating and cooling system 1K by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4L. The construction of the heating and cooling module 4L according to FIG. 12 corresponds to that of the heating and cooling module 4K with the difference that the refrigerant guide block 6 has switchover valves as explained with reference to the heating and cooling module 4B according to FIG 39 to 42, throttle valves 11, 32 and bypass valves 37, 38. The heat exchangers 22, 26 are again integrated into the coolant guide block 6. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1L otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 13 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1M. The heating and cooling system 1M differs from the heating and cooling system 1L by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4M. In contrast to the heating and cooling module 4L, the refrigerant routing block 6 of the heating and cooling module 4M according to FIG. 13 has two throttle valves 11, 32 without a bypass valve 37, 38. Both throttle valves 11, 32 can be traversed in both directions of flow, with these unthrottled if necessary or can be flown through in a throttled manner. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1M otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 14 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1N. The heating and cooling system 1N differs from the heating and cooling system 1M by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4N. The heating and cooling module 4N according to FIG. 14 has only one throttle valve 32 and not two throttle valves 11, 32. The throttle valve 32 is integrated into the refrigerant flow block 6 . The throttle valve 32 throttles in both directions in a fixed or regulated manner. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1N otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1O. The heating and cooling system 1O differs from the heating and cooling system 1M by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4O. In contrast to the heating and cooling module 4M, the refrigerant routing block 6 of the heating and cooling module 4O according to FIG. The heat exchanger 43 is preferably arranged upstream of the compressor 29 in the direction of flow on a low-pressure side of the refrigerant circuit 7 . This serves to additionally supercool liquid refrigerant K coming from the heat exchanger 26 . Additional superheating is generated there as a result of heat exchange with refrigerant vapor. All in all, this leads to an increase in the efficiency of the 4O heating and cooling module. In principle, all possible types of heat exchangers that serve this purpose and can be integrated into the coolant routing block 6 are conceivable. For example, this also applies to coaxial heat exchangers or tube bundle variants. The functionality of the heating and cooling system 1O otherwise corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. FIG. 16 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a heating and cooling system 1P. The heating and cooling system 1P differs from the heating and cooling system 1N by an alternative configuration of the heating and cooling module 4P. The heating and cooling module 4P according to FIG. 16 differs from the heating and cooling module 4N in that a conditioning unit 44, as mentioned above, is integrated into the refrigerant routing block 6. The compressor 29 is partially integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . The refrigerant routing block 6 is accordingly, for example, part of a compressor housing of the compressor 29 and can accommodate corresponding installations of the compressor 29, for example the compressor geometry 30. Otherwise, the functionality of the heating and cooling system 1P corresponds to that of the heating and cooling system 1B. What all of the aforementioned embodiments of the heating and cooling module 4A to 4P have in common is that any switches and sensors or other electronics can also be integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . A pressure accumulator can also be integrated into the coolant routing block 6 . In addition, the refrigerant routing block 6 can include technical control components such as sensors, control devices, coils or comparable electromechanical and/or mechanical components. FIG. 17 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of an embodiment of a refrigerant routing block 6 as mentioned above for the previously explained embodiments of the heating and cooling module 4A to 4P. FIG. 17 shows an example of a detail section of the coolant routing block 6 identified in FIG. 1 with the section line XVII-XVII. A coordinate system with a width direction or x-direction x, a vertical direction or y-direction y and a depth direction or z-direction z is assigned to the refrigerant routing block 6 . The directions x, y, z are oriented perpendicular to one another. The section according to FIG. 17 runs through the refrigerant lines 8 , 12 which are part of the refrigerant circuit 7 . The following explanations regarding the refrigerant lines 8, 12 can also be applied accordingly to the refrigerant lines 15, 18, 20, 21, 25 or other components of the refrigerant circuit 7, provided these are integrated in the refrigerant routing block 6. "Integrated" means that the coolant lines 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 25 are introduced or incorporated directly into a material 48, which is shown hatched in FIG. Material 48 may also be referred to as material or refrigerant routing block material. The "introduction" or "incorporation" of the refrigerant lines 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25 in the material 48 can be done, for example, by drilling, milling or eroding. Additive or generative manufacturing processes, in particular 3D printing, can also be used. “Integrated” can also mean that the refrigerant lines 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25 are completely surrounded by the material 48. However, this is not mandatory. The same applies to the changeover valves 39 to 42 integrated into the refrigerant routing block 6, the valve 19, the throttle valves 11, 32, the bypass valves 37, 38, the compressor 29, the heat exchangers 22, 26, the heat exchanger 43, the processing unit 44 and/or the switching valve unit 45. This also applies to any other components of the refrigerant circuit 7. "Integrated" also means that the refrigerant K comes into direct contact with the material 48. However, this does not preclude the refrigerant lines 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25 from being coated on the inside, for example to prevent or aggravate corrosion. As previously mentioned, the coolant guide block 6 can be made of an aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy. That is, the material 48 can be an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy. However, other metallic materials can also be used. Furthermore, the coolant routing block 6 can also be made of a plastic material. Ceramic materials can also be used as material 48 . The refrigerant routing block 6 is cuboid, preferably plate-shaped, and has an upper side 49 and an underside 50 facing away from the upper side 49 . “Plate-shaped” means that a thickness d of the refrigerant guide block 6 viewed along the y-direction y is smaller than a width viewed along the x-direction x and a depth thereof viewed along the z-direction z. The thickness d can be a few centimeters. As shown in FIG. 17, the refrigerant lines 8, 12 have a circular cross section. This occurs, for example, when the coolant lines 8 , 12 are designed as bores guided through the coolant guide block 6 are. However, the refrigerant lines 8, 12 can in principle have any desired cross section. The coolant lines 8, 12 or any other cavities can also be introduced into the coolant guide block 6 by eroding. Production-related openings or the like leading into the environment 5, which have no function, can be soldered, welded or glued in a fluid-tight manner, for example. Furthermore, the coolant guide block 6 can also be constructed “around” the coolant lines 8, 12 in a generative or additive manufacturing process. The coolant routing block 6 according to FIG. 17 is designed in one piece, in particular in one piece of material. However, the coolant routing block 6 can also be composed of several individual parts which are connected to one another in a materially bonded manner. In the case of material connections, the connection partners are held together by atomic or molecular forces. Cohesive connections are non-detachable connections that can only be separated by destroying the connection means and/or the connection partner. This means that the individual parts of the coolant routing block 6 can no longer be separated from one another without being destroyed. For example, the individual parts are soldered or welded to one another in a fluid-tight manner. The refrigerant routing block 6 can therefore also be referred to as a monoblock or refrigerant routing monoblock. Since the coolant routing block 6 is preferably made of a metallic material, it has thermally conductive properties. During operation, for example in heating operation, of the respective heating and cooling system 1A to 1P or of the respective heating and cooling module 4A to 4P, this can result in the refrigerant line 12 leading to the compressor 29 refrigerant K heat Q is transferred to the refrigerant K conducted through the refrigerant line 8 to the heat exchanger 22 . In cooling mode, the heat flow is reversed. An exchange of heat Q therefore takes place in the refrigerant routing block 6, which is undesirable since it reduces the efficiency of the respective heating and cooling module 4A to 4P. This exchange of heat Q is particularly large when the temperature difference between the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is large, for example -15°C to +75°C. In contrast to this, in the area of the internal heat exchanger 43 an exchange of heat Q within the refrigerant guide block 6 is desired. 18 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block 6, in which a thermal separation between the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is implemented, which prevents or at least reduces a transfer of heat Q between the refrigerant lines 8, 12. For thermal separation or insulation, a gap 51 is made in the coolant guide block 6 between the coolant lines 8, 12, either centrally or off-center. The gap 51 is filled with air and can therefore be referred to as an air gap. The air has isolating or insulating properties. The gap 51 can be introduced into the coolant routing block 6 with the aid of a milling process or an eroding process, for example. The gap 51 can extend into the coolant guide block 6 from the top 49 in the direction of the bottom 50 . However, the gap 51 can also be provided on the underside 50 . As shown in FIG. 18 , the gap 51 cannot extend completely through the refrigerant guide block 6 . However, it is also possible for the gap 51 to extend completely through the coolant guide block 6 . Furthermore, the gap 51 can also be provided in the form of a cavity completely surrounded by the material 48 , for example as a bore provided between the coolant lines 8 , 12 . The gap 51 can follow a course of the respective refrigerant line 8 , 12 through the refrigerant guide block 6 . Multiple gaps 51 may be provided. For example, such a gap 51 is provided on both sides of each refrigerant line 8 , 12 . FIG. 19 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block 6 in which, compared to the refrigerant routing block according to FIG. 18, a further improved thermal separation between the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is implemented. For this purpose, the gap 51 is at least partially, but preferably completely, filled with an insulating material or damping material 52 . The insulating material 52 has a lower thermal conductivity than the material 48. The insulating material 52 can be a polyurethane foam (PU), for example, which is introduced into the gap 51 in liquid form and foams up and hardens and/or crosslinks there. The insulating material 52 is preferably a foam or has pores that can be closed or open. The insulating material 52 can also be a plastic injection molded component that is glued and/or inserted into the gap 51 . FIG. 20 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block 6 in which, compared to the refrigerant routing block according to FIG. 19, a further improved thermal separation between the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is realized. In this embodiment of the coolant guide block 6, the gap 51 is formed so wide that it intersects the coolant lines 8, 12. This means that the coolant lines 8 , 12 are at least partially open or open at their circumference towards the gap 51 , so that the coolant K can flow into the gap 51 . In order to seal the coolant lines 8 , 12 in a fluid-tight manner in relation to the gap 51 and at the same time to achieve a thermal separation of the coolant lines 8 , 12 as mentioned above, an insulating element or damping element 53 is accommodated in the gap 51 . The insulating element 53 can be glued or welded into the gap 51 . The insulating element 53 is made from a material that has a lower thermal conductivity than the material 48 . The insulating element 53 is preferably a plastic component, in particular a plastic injection molded component. Examples of suitable plastic materials are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyoxymethylene (POM), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or other suitable thermoplastics. At least on the refrigerant side, ie facing the refrigerant K, the insulating element 53 has a coating 54, 55, which is shown in FIG. 20 by dotted lines. The coating 54, 55 is impermeable to diffusion. The coating 54, 55 is metallic. For example, the coating 54, 55 can be a chromium layer, nickel layer, gold layer, silver layer, copper layer or the like. It is also possible to coat the entire insulating element 53 . The gap 51 or the column 51, the insulating material 52 and/or the insulating element 53 are also suitable for the refrigerant lines 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, the Changeover valves 39 to 42, the valve 19, the throttle valves 11, 32, the bypass valves 37, 38 and/or any other parts or components that are integrated into the refrigerant routing block 6, to be thermally separated or decoupled from one another. 21 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block 6 for the previously explained embodiments of the heating and cooling module 4A to 4P. In contrast to the embodiments of the refrigerant routing block 6 according to FIGS. 17 to 20, however, the refrigerant routing block 6 is not made in one piece but in several parts. The coolant routing block 6 comprises a lower part 56 and an upper part 57 which are connected to one another in a fluid-tight manner at an interface 58 . The interface 58 can be a soldering point or a welding point. The interface 58 can also be a splice. The upper part 57 can be a cover which, for example, closes a maintenance opening. The lower part 56 and the upper part 57 are preferably made from the same material 48 . In the present case, the coolant lines 8, 12 are introduced as channels into the lower part 56, for example with the aid of a milling process. The refrigerant lines 8, 12 therefore have a rectangular cross section. In principle, however, the cross-sectional shape of the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is arbitrary. In the orientation of FIG. 21, the coolant lines 8, 12 are sealed off from the upper part 57 at the top in a fluid-tight manner. The separation into the lower part 56 and the upper part 57 advantageously also makes it possible to integrate larger components, such as the heat exchangers 22 , 26 , in particular heat exchanger plates of the heat exchangers 22 , 26 , or the compressor 29 in the coolant routing block 6 . Regarding the refrigerant routing block 6 according to FIG. 21, the previous statements in relation to the refrigerant routing block 6 according to FIG. 17 apply accordingly. This applies in particular with regard to the previously mentioned transfer of heat Q between the refrigerant lines 8, 12. Figs 22 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block 6 in which, as in the refrigerant routing block 6 according to FIG Q between the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is prevented or at least reduced. For this purpose, a gap 51, as mentioned above, is provided, which is worked into the material 48 of the refrigerant guide block 6, for example milled. The gap 51 can lead through the upper part 57 and the lower part 56 . However, the gap 51 can also be provided only in the lower part 56, so that the upper part 57 closes the gap 51 in the orientation of FIG. 22 towards the top. Otherwise, the gap 51 corresponds in terms of its construction and its function to the gap 51 explained with reference to FIG. 18. FIG. temittelführungsblock according to FIG. 22 a further improved thermal separation between the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is realized. For this purpose, the gap 51 is at least partially, but preferably completely, filled with an insulating material 52 . The insulating material 52 can be a polyurethane foam (PU), for example, which is introduced into the gap 51 in liquid form and foams and hardens and/or crosslinks there. The insulating material 52 is preferably a foam or has pores that are closed or open. can't be. The insulating material 52 can also be a plastic injection molded component that is glued and/or inserted into the gap 51 . The upper part 57 can cover the top side of the insulating material 52 in the orientation of FIG. 23 in the event that the gap 51 is not passed through the upper part 57 . The insulating material 52 can thus be completely surrounded or enclosed by the material 48 of the coolant routing block 6 . FIG. 24 shows a schematic detailed sectional view of a further embodiment of a refrigerant routing block 6, in which, compared to the refrigerant routing block according to FIG. 23, a further improved thermal separation between the refrigerant lines 8, 12 is implemented. In this embodiment of the coolant guide block 6, the gap 51 is formed so wide that it intersects the coolant lines 8, 12. This means that the refrigerant lines 8 , 12 are at least partially open or open towards the gap 51 on their circumference or laterally, so that the refrigerant K can flow into the gap 51 . An insulating element 53 is accommodated in the gap 51 in order to seal the refrigerant lines 8 , 12 in a fluid-tight manner in relation to the gap 51 and at the same time to achieve a thermal separation of the refrigerant lines 8 , 12 , as mentioned above. The insulating element 53 comprises a coating 54, 55 as previously mentioned. The insulating element 53 can be glued or welded into the gap 51. Otherwise, the structure and function of the insulating element 53 corresponds to the insulating element 53 explained with reference to FIG. 20. The embodiments of the refrigerant routing block 6 according to FIGS be combined with each other. In this way, the refrigeration The coolant guide block 6 can be designed in one piece, for example in the area of the refrigerant lines 8, 12, in particular from one piece of material, whereas the coolant guide block 6 can be designed in two parts, for example in the area of the switchover valves 39 to 42, with a lower part 56 and an upper part 57 in order to ensure good accessibility of the switching valves 39 to 42 to allow. The upper part 57 can also be a removable maintenance cover. The explanations regarding the thermal separation or decoupling of the refrigerant lines 8, 12 with the aid of the gap 51, the insulating material 52 and/or the insulating element 53 can be applied accordingly to any other parts or components of the refrigerant circuit 7 integrated into the refrigerant routing block 6. These aforementioned parts or components can be the refrigerant lines 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, the valve 19, the compressor 29, the throttle valves 11, 32, the bypass valves 37, 38, the changeover valves 39 to 42, the conditioning unit 44, the switching valve unit 45, the heat exchangers 22, 26, 43 and/or any other components of the refrigerant circuit 7. The aforementioned components can therefore also be referred to as "components" of the refrigerant circuit 7 . For example, an annular gap 51 can be provided, which runs around a component to be thermally decoupled. FIG. 25 shows a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a method for operating a heating and cooling module 4A to 4P as explained above for a heating and cooling system 1A to 1P. The method can be used for air conditioning the interior 3 of the building 2 or for air conditioning an interior of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle. In a step S1, the refrigerant K is passed through the refrigerant circuit 7 of the respective heating and cooling module 4A to 4P. At least part of the refrigerant circuit 7 is incorporated into the material 48 from which the refrigerant routing block 6 is made. This means that in step S1 the refrigerant K flows directly through the refrigerant routing block 6, for example through the refrigerant lines 8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25 and/or through other components of the refrigerant circuit 7, flows through. With the help of the refrigerant K, heat Q is transferred in a step S2. The heat Q can be transferred, for example, from the surroundings 5 to the interior 3 or vice versa. In the heating operation, the heat Q is transferred from the environment 5 to the interior 3 . In the cooling operation, the heat Q is transferred from the interior 3 to the environment 5 . Steps S1 and S2 are preferably carried out simultaneously. In step S1, as already mentioned, a thermal decoupling of refrigerant lines 8, 12, 15, 20, 21, 24, 25 and/or other components of the refrigerant circuit 7 provided in the refrigerant guide block 6 can be achieved in that in the refrigerant guide block 6 at least one gap 51 is provided. Any number of gaps 51 of any shape can be provided. The thermal decoupling preferably also takes place in step S2. Although the present invention has been described using exemplary embodiments, it can be modified in many ways. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS 1A heating and cooling system 1B heating and cooling system 1C heating and cooling system 1D heating and cooling system 1E heating and cooling system 1F heating and cooling system 1G heating and cooling system 1H heating and cooling system 1I heating and cooling system 1J heating and Cooling system 1K heating and cooling system 1L heating and cooling system 1M heating and cooling system 1N heating and cooling system 1O heating and cooling system 1P heating and cooling system 2 building 3 indoor 4A heating and cooling module 4B heating and cooling module 4C heating and cooling module 4D heating and cooling module 4E heating and cooling module 4F heating and cooling module 4G heating and cooling module 4H heating and cooling module 4I heating and cooling module 4J heating and cooling module 4K heating and cooling module 4L heating and cooling module 4M heating and cooling module 4N heating and cooling module 4O heating and cooling module 4P heating and cooling module 5 environment 6 refrigerant guide block 7 refrigerant circuit 8 refrigerant line 9 interface 10 interface 11 throttle valve 12 refrigerant line 13 interface 14 interface 15 refrigerant line 16 interface 17 interface 18 refrigerant line 19 valve 20 refrigerant line 21 refrigerant line 22 heat exchanger 23 fan 24 refrigerant line 25 refrigerant line 26 heat exchanger 27 heat transfer medium circuit 28 heat exchanger 29 Compressor 30 Compressor geometry 31 Motor 32 Throttle valve 33 Check valve 34 Check valve 35 Throttle 36 Throttle 37 Bypass valve 38 Bypass valve 39 Changeover valve 40 Changeover valve 41 Changeover valve 42 Changeover valve 43 Heat exchanger 44 Processing unit 45 Changeover valve unit 46 Heat exchanger 47 Heat transfer medium circuit 48 Material 49 Top side 50 Bottom side 51 Gap 52 Insulating material 53 Insulating element 54 Coating 55 Coating 56 Bottom 57 Top 58 Interface d thickness K refrigerant M1 heat transfer medium M2 heat transfer medium Q heat S1 step S2 step x x-direction y y-direction z z-direction

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Heating and cooling module (4A - 4P) for a heating and cooling system (1A - 1P), with a refrigerant circuit (7), through which a refrigerant (K) can be conducted, and a refrigerant guide block (6), wherein at least part of the refrigerant circuit (7) is incorporated into a material (48) from which the refrigerant guide block (6) is made.

2. Heating and cooling module according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigerant guide block (6) is a one-piece component, in particular a one-piece material component.

3. Heating and cooling module according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigerant guide block (6) is at least in two parts and has a lower part (56) and an upper part (57) fixedly connected to the lower part (56).

4. Heating and cooling module according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit (7) has a compressor (29) which is arranged at least partially within the refrigerant guide block (6).

5. Heating and cooling module according to one of Claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit (7) has a throttle valve (11, 32) which is arranged within the refrigerant guide block (6) and is at least partially embedded in the material (48 ) is incorporated.

6. Heating and cooling module according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit (7) switching valves (39 - 42) and/or a switching valve unit (45) for reversing a flow direction of the refrigerant (K) in the refrigerant circuit (7), the switchover valves (39 - 42) and/or the switchover valve unit (45) being arranged within the refrigerant guide block (6) and being at least partially incorporated into the material (48).

7. Heating and cooling module according to one of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit (7) has at least one heat exchanger (22, 26, 43) which is arranged within the refrigerant guide block (6) and at least partially in the Material (48) is incorporated.

8. Heating and cooling module according to one of Claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the refrigerant circuit (7) has refrigerant lines (8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25) which run at least partially through the refrigerant guide block ( 6) and are at least partially incorporated into the material (48).

9. Heating and cooling module according to claim 8, characterized in that the refrigerant guide block (6) has a gap (51) worked into the material (48), in particular an air gap, which is formed between refrigerant lines (8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25) to thermally decouple the refrigerant lines (8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25) from each other.

10. heating and cooling module according to claim 9, characterized in that the gap (51) extends partially or completely through the refrigerant guide block (6) in a vertical direction (y) of the refrigerant guide block (6).

11. Heating and cooling module according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the gap (51) is at least partially filled with an insulating material (52), in particular with a foamed plastic material.

12. Heating and cooling module according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one of the refrigerant lines (8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25) is opened towards the gap (51), wherein in the Gap (51) contains an insulating element (53), in particular a plastic component, which seals the at least one refrigerant line (8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25) in a fluid-tight manner with respect to the gap (51).

13. Heating and cooling module according to claim 12, characterized in that the insulating element (53) has a diffusion-tight coating (54, 55), in particular a metallic coating, at least on the refrigerant side.

14. Method for operating a heating and cooling module (4A - 4P) for a heating and cooling system (1A - 1P), with the following steps: a) passing (S1) a refrigerant (K) through a refrigerant circuit (7) of the heating and cooling module (4A - 4P), at least part of the refrigerant circuit (7) being made of a material (48) from which a refrigerant guide block (6) of the heating and cooling module (4A - 4P) is made , is incorporated, so that the refrigerant (K) flows through the refrigerant guide block (6), and b) transfer (S2) of heat (Q) with the aid of the refrigerant (K).

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that in step a) and/or in step b) a thermal decoupling of refrigerant lines (8, 12, 15, 18, 20, 21, 24 , 25) of the refrigerant circuit (7) is achieved in that at least one gap (51) is provided in the refrigerant guide block (6).