EP4348295A1 - Dispositif de réception d'un dispositif de détection, dispositif de détection, véhicule comprenant au moins un dispositif de détection et procédé de fonctionnement d'au moins un dispositif de détection - Google Patents

Dispositif de réception d'un dispositif de détection, dispositif de détection, véhicule comprenant au moins un dispositif de détection et procédé de fonctionnement d'au moins un dispositif de détection

Info

Publication number
EP4348295A1
EP4348295A1 EP22732444.9A EP22732444A EP4348295A1 EP 4348295 A1 EP4348295 A1 EP 4348295A1 EP 22732444 A EP22732444 A EP 22732444A EP 4348295 A1 EP4348295 A1 EP 4348295A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnetic
signals
receiver
diffraction element
receiving device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22732444.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Haiyue YANG
Bernd BERTSCHINGER
Christoph Parl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Original Assignee
Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH filed Critical Valeo Schalter und Sensoren GmbH
Publication of EP4348295A1 publication Critical patent/EP4348295A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
    • G01S7/4863—Detector arrays, e.g. charge-transfer gates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/486—Receivers
    • G01S7/4868—Controlling received signal intensity or exposure of sensor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a receiving device of a detection device for detecting objects by means of electromagnetic signals, with at least two receiver areas of at least one receiver, with which electromagnetic signals can be converted into received electrical signals, and with at least one diffraction element that acts to diffract electromagnetic signals, which in a NEM signal path of the electromagnetic signals is arranged in front of the at least two receiver areas.
  • the invention also relates to a detection device for detecting objects by means of electromagnetic signals, with at least one transmitting device with which electromagnetic scanning signals can be sent, with at least one receiving device with which electromagnetic echo signals originating from reflected electromagnetic scanning signals are detected and with at least one control and evaluation device, with which the detection device can be controlled and electrical received signals can be processed, wherein the at least one receiving device has at least two receiver areas, at least one receiver, with which electromagnetic echo signals are converted into electrical received signals can, and at least one diffractive effect on electromagnetic tables echo signals diffraction element, which angeord in a signal path of the electromagnetic echo signals in front of the at least two receiver areas net is.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle with at least one detection device for detecting objects by means of electromagnetic signals, the at least one detection device having at least one transmission device with which electromagnetic scanning signals can be sent, at least one reception device with which electromagnetic echo signals that are emitted by reflected elec romagnetic scanning signals, can be detected, and at least one control and evaluation device, with which the at least one detection device ge- can be controlled and electrical reception signals can be processed, where the at least one receiving device has at least two receiver areas of at least one receiver, with which electromagnetic echo signals can be converted into electrical reception signals, and at least one diffractive effect on electromagnetic echo signals diffraction element, which in egg nem Signal path of the electromagnetic echo signals is arranged in front of the at least two receiver areas.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating a detection device for detecting objects by means of electromagnetic signals, in which electromagnetic scanning signals are sent with at least one transmitting device, electromagnetic echo signals originating from reflected electromagnetic scanning signals are detected with at least one receiving device, wherein the electromagnetic echo signals are diffracted with at least one diffraction element of the at least one receiving device and the diffracted electromagnetic echo signals are converted into electrical received signals with at least two receiver areas of at least one receiver, and the electrical received signals are processed with at least one control and evaluation device.
  • An optical arrangement for receiving light waves is known from DE 10 2017 201 127 A1, with receiving optics for focusing at least one incoming light wave on a surface of a detector for detecting the at least one light wave, wherein at least one diffractive optical element with a surface extension between the receiving optics and the detector is arranged and wherein the at least one diffractive optical element has a surface with a surface structure with at least one optical function. Furthermore, a LIDAR device with such an optical arrangement is known.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a receiving device, a detection device, a vehicle and a method of the type mentioned at the outset, in which a dynamic range can be increased when detecting electromagnetic signals. Disclosure of Invention
  • this object is achieved in the receiving device in that at least one diffraction element is designed to divide intensities of incident electromagnetic signals into at least two electromagnetic signal components that propagate on different signal paths, and the at least one diffraction element and the at least two receiver areas are so connected to one another are adapted so that at least two different signal paths for electromagnetic signal components are assigned to different receiver areas.
  • At least one diffraction element is arranged in a signal path of the incoming electromagnetic signals upstream of the receiver areas.
  • the electromagnetic signals can be diffracted in such a way that their respective intensities are divided between at least two electromagnetic signal components.
  • the signal components propagate on different signal paths.
  • the signal paths are assigned to different receiver areas, so that the signal components are recorded accordingly by different receiver areas.
  • the respective intensity component which is assigned to each of the receiver areas, is lower than the intensity of the incoming electromagnetic signals. In this way it can be avoided that individual receiver areas are overridden.
  • electromagnetic signals can be detected with a greater intensity without clipping than would be possible when detecting the electromagnetic signals with only one receiver area. This enables longer recording times, so that relatively weak electromagnetic signals can also be recorded. In this way, the dynamic range between the largest and smallest detectable signal intensity can be increased.
  • relatively strong electromagnetic echo signals can also be detected without clipping.
  • strong electromagnetic echo signals can result from scanning signals on objects are reflected, which are located at a relatively short distance and/or have highly reflective, in particular retroreflective, surfaces.
  • Diffraction elements can be implemented and installed with relatively little effort, in particular low manufacturing effort, assembly effort and/or cost. Furthermore, diffractive elements are relatively robust. In this way, the receiving device can also be used under rough operating conditions, such as can occur in particular when using a vehicle.
  • the increased dynamic range enables the use of the receiving device according to the invention in areas of application in which situations can arise that lead to increased background noise, in particular due to solar radiation. This can be the case when using the detection device in a vehicle.
  • the invention enables the use of the receiving device in areas of application in which objects with very different reflectivities are to be detected, as can be the case in particular in road traffic.
  • the detection device is intended to detect retroreflective objects, in particular in the form of street signs or the like, and low-reflecting objects, in particular people dressed in dark or dark-colored vehicles.
  • a large bandwidth with regard to the reflectivity of objects between approximately 5% and 95% can be detected.
  • the electromagnetic scanning signals can advantageously be, in particular, pulsed light signals, in particular laser signals.
  • Light signals can be easily implemented.
  • Monochromatic scanning signals can be realized with lasers.
  • the detection device can work according to a signal transit time method, in particular a signal pulse transit time method.
  • Detection devices working according to the signal pulse propagation time method can be designed and referred to as time-of-flight (TOF), light detection and ranging systems (LiDAR), laser detection and ranging systems (LaDAR) or the like .
  • TOF time-of-flight
  • LiDAR light detection and ranging systems
  • LaDAR laser detection and ranging systems
  • the detection device can advantageously be designed as a scanning system be.
  • a monitoring area can be scanned, ie scanned, with electromagnetic scanning signals.
  • the directions of propagation of the scanning signals can be changed over the surveillance area, in particular pivoted, who the.
  • at least a signal deflection device in particular a scanning device, a deflection mirror device or the like, can be used.
  • the detection device can be designed as a so-called flash system, in particular as a flash LiDAR.
  • Correspondingly widened scanning signals can simultaneously emit a larger part of the monitored area or the entire monitored area.
  • the detection device can advantageously be designed as a laser-based distance measuring system.
  • Laser-based distance measuring systems can have lasers, in particular diode lasers, as signal sources.
  • pulsed laser beams can be sent as scanning signals with lasers.
  • transmission signals can be emitted in wavelength ranges that are visible or invisible to the human eye.
  • receivers of the detection device can be sensors designed for the wavelength of the transmitted scanning signals, in particular point sensors, line sensors and/or area sensors, in particular (avalanche) photodiodes, photodiode lines, CCD sensors, active pixel sensors, in particular CMOS sensors or the like, have or consist of.
  • Laser-based distance measuring systems can advantageously be designed as laser scanners. Laser scanners can be used to scan monitoring areas with, in particular, pulsed laser signals, in particular laser beams.
  • the invention can advantageously be used in vehicles, in particular motor vehicles.
  • the invention can advantageously be used in land vehicles, in particular passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles or the like, aircraft, in particular drones, and/or water vehicles.
  • the invention can also be used in vehicles that can be operated autonomously or at least partially autonomously.
  • the invention is not limited to vehicles. It can also be used in stationary operation, in robotics and/or in machines, in particular construction or transport machines such as cranes, excavators or the like.
  • the detection device can advantageously be connected to at least one electronic control device of a vehicle or a machine, in particular a driver assistance system and/or a chassis control system and/or a driver information device and/or a parking assistance system and/or a gesture recognition system or the like, or be part of such be. In this way, at least some of the functions of the vehicle or machine can be performed au tonomously or semi-autonomously.
  • the detection device can be used to detect stationary or moving objects, in particular vehicles, people, animals, plants, debris, bumps in the road, in particular potholes or stones, road boundaries, traffic signs, open spaces, in particular parking spaces, precipitation or the like, and/or movements and /or gestures are used.
  • At least one diffraction element can have at least one grid-like structure and/or at least one diffraction element can have or consist of at least one diffractive optical element.
  • electromagnetic signals can be diffracted. The diffraction can achieve that the intensity of the electromagnetic signals is divided into several signal components.
  • At least one diffraction element can be made using holograms, holographic gratings or the like. In this way, the diffraction elements can be manufactured more easily on an industrial scale.
  • At least one diffraction element can advantageously have structures on which electromagnetic signals, in particular light waves, are diffracted. Due to interference, the intensities of electromagnetic signals entering behind the at least one diffraction element can be divided into a plurality of electromagnetic signal components.
  • At least one diffraction element for electromagnetic signals can be at least partially reflective and/or we least partially permeable and/or at least one diffraction element can be used for electromagnetic signals can be arranged in the signal path in a reflective manner and/or at least one diffraction element can be arranged in the signal path so that it is permeable to electromagnetic signals.
  • the receiving device can be constructed more flexibly overall.
  • At least one diffraction element for electromagnetic signals can be exclusively reflective.
  • the electromagnetic signals can also be deflected.
  • the at least one diffractive element and the at least one receiver thus need not be aligned in relation to the direction of the electromagnetic signals impinging on the receiver.
  • At least one diffraction element can be exclusively permeable for electromagnetic signals.
  • the at least one diffraction element and at least one receiver can be arranged in a line with respect to the direction of the electromagnetic signals impinging on the receiving device.
  • At least one diffraction element can be partially transparent and partially reflective for electromagnetic signals. In this way, part of the intensity of the incident electromagnetic signals can be reflected and part can be transmitted through the at least one diffraction element.
  • several receivers can be used.
  • one of the receivers can be arranged in line with the at least one diffractive element and can receive the transmitted signal components.
  • Another receiver can be arranged next to the at least one diffractive element and receive the reflected electromagnetic signal components.
  • At least one diffraction element can be designed to split intensities in only one dimension transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to signal paths of incident electromagnetic signals and/or at least one diffraction element can be designed to divide intensities into two dimensions transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to signal paths of incident electromagnetic signals.
  • the receiver areas can be arranged next to one another, in particular in the form of a line.
  • the receiver areas of the receiver can be arranged in rows or over an area.
  • a second dimension which runs transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the first dimension and transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the signal paths, can be used to detect a direction from which a detected electromagnetic signal comes can be used.
  • At least one receiver can be designed to be more compact overall.
  • the receiving device can be configured to detect electromagnetic signals with a high dynamic range. In this way, the receiving device can be used in areas where there are large differences in the intensities of the electromagnetic signals to be detected.
  • the dynamic range is the quotient of the maximum and the minimum of the intensities of the electromagnetic signals. Ratios greater than 1000:1, in particular greater than 10,000:1, can be described as high dynamic range - also known under the designation "High Dynamic Range” (HDR).
  • HDR High Dynamic Range
  • the detection of electromagnetic signals with a high dynamic range enables the use of the receiving device according to the invention in connection with detection devices which work according to a so-called multiple-shot method.
  • a measurement in particular a distance voltage measurement, a direction measurement and/or a speed measurement, successively sent several electromagnetic scanning signals into a monitoring area with a transmitting device and receive the corresponding reflected electromagnetic echo signals with the receiving device.
  • the echo signals can be detected with different detection times.
  • the successively detected echo signals are combined for one measurement. In this way, overall longer integration times arise when detecting the echo signals. So a larger dynamic range can be realized.
  • At least one receiver can have or consist of at least one line sensor, and/or at least one receiver can have or consist of at least one area sensor, and/or at least one receiver area can be implemented with at least one receiver element.
  • the receiver elements are arranged in a line.
  • Several re receiver areas can be arranged next to one another in one spatial dimension. In this way, the number of required receiver areas and the amount of time required when reading out the receiver areas can be reduced.
  • the receiver elements are arranged over a surface.
  • the receiver areas can be arranged over an area. In this way, two spatial dimensions can be realized for detecting signal components.
  • receiver areas can be arranged in rows. Overall, an area sensor with a large number of receiver elements and corresponding receiver areas can be implemented in a more compact manner and used more flexibly than a line sensor.
  • An area sensor can be used in conjunction with at least one diffraction element, which separates intensities of incident electromagnetic signals into two spatial dimensions. In this way, the intensities can be divided into several signal components. In this way, the intensities of the individual signal components can be further reduced.
  • an area sensor can be used in conjunction with at least one diffraction element, which separates intensities of incident electromagnetic signals in a spatial dimension.
  • the second spatial dimension which is available through the area sensor, can be used to determine the direction from which an electromagnetic signal received with the receiving device comes.
  • the receiving device can be configured in such a way that the received electromagnetic signals are divided into their signal components in the second spatial dimension and directed to the corresponding receiving areas of the area sensor, depending on the direction from which they come.
  • a directional quantity which characterizes the direction of the electromagnetic signals, can be determined from the position of the affected receiver areas in the second spatial dimension.
  • the direction from which the electromagnetic signals, in particular echo signals, come can correspond to the direction in which an object on which the electromagnetic signals were reflected is located.
  • At least one receiver area can have a receiver element.
  • a correspondingly high spatial resolution can be achieved with a receiver area which consists of only one receiver element.
  • the intensity of the respective signal components can be distributed over a number of receiver elements. In this way, the overall dynamic range can be further improved.
  • receiver elements can be combined to form a receiver area after so-called "binning".
  • Receiver elements within the meaning of the invention can also be referred to as “picture elements” or “pixels”.
  • the signal paths of the signal components can be assigned more precisely to the corresponding receiver areas.
  • At least one arrangement can advantageously be configured with at least one diffraction element and at least two receiver areas for detecting monochromatic light, in particular laser signals. In this way, the signal components divided by the at least one diffraction element can be directed more precisely to the corresponding receiver areas.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in the detection device in that at least one diffraction element is designed to divide intensities of incident electromagnetic echo signals into at least two electromagnetic signal components that propagate in different signal paths, and the at least one diffraction element and the at least two Receiver areas are adapted to each other that at least two different signal paths for electromagnetic signal components are assigned to different receiver areas.
  • At least one receiving device has at least one diffraction element, with which incident echo signals are divided into at least two electromagnetic signal components.
  • the at least two electromagnetic signal components are directed with the at least one diffraction element to different receiver areas and are converted into electrical reception signals with them.
  • At least one transmission device can advantageously have at least one signal source for generating electromagnetic scanning signals.
  • the at least one transmitting device and the at least one receiving device can be operated in a coordinated manner with at least one control and evaluation device.
  • object information in particular distances, directions and/or speeds of objects relative to the detection device, can be determined on the basis of the echo signals, in particular using a signal propagation time method.
  • At least one transmission device can advantageously have at least one optical system, in particular at least one optical lens or the like.
  • the scanning signals can be influenced, in particular widened and/or focused, with optical systems.
  • At least one transmission device can advantageously have at least one signal deflection device, in particular a deflection mirror, a MEMS mirror or the like. In this way, the electromagnetic scanning signals can be directed into at least one surveillance area.
  • the at least one signal deflection device can advantageously be changeable, in particular adjustable. In this way, a propagation direction of the electromagnetic scanning signals can be changed. In this way, the monitoring area can be scanned, in particular scanned, with the at least one electromagnetic scanning signal.
  • the at least one signal deflection device can advantageously have at least one oscillating mirror or oscillating mirror arrangement. In this way, the direction of the electromagnetic scanning signals can be changed, in particular continuously.
  • At least one control and evaluation device can advantageously be implemented centrally or decentrally with one or more components.
  • the at least one control and evaluation device can be partially implemented with the at least one transmitting device and/or the at least one receiving device.
  • At least one control and evaluation device can be implemented in the form of software and/or hardware.
  • object variables which characterize distances, directions and/or speeds of objects relative to detection devices can be determined with at least one control and evaluation device from received electrical signals. Object sizes of this type can be further processed with appropriate electrical means.
  • at least one transmission device can have at least one signal source with which electromagnetic scanning signals can be generated in at least one defined wavelength range, in particular with at least one defined wavelength. In this way, the electromagnetic echo signals, which originate from the reflected scanning signals, can be assigned more precisely to the corresponding receiver areas with the at least one diffraction element.
  • At least one transmitting device can advantageously have at least one laser as the signal source.
  • Monochromatic light signals can be generated with a laser.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention in the vehicle in that at least one diffraction element is designed to divide intensities of incident electromagnetic echo signals into at least two electromagnetic signal components that propagate in different signal paths, and at least one diffraction element and the at least two receiver areas are adapted to one another in such a way that at least two different signal paths for electromagnetic signal components are assigned to different receiver areas.
  • the detection device can be used to monitor at least one monitoring area outside the vehicle and/or inside the vehicle, in particular for objects.
  • the vehicle can have at least one driver assistance system.
  • the vehicle can be operated autonomously or semi-autonomously.
  • At least one detection device can advantageously be functionally connected to at least one driver assistance system.
  • information about a monitoring area in particular object information, which is obtained with the at least one detection device, can be used with the at least one driver assistance system to control autonomous or semi-autonomous operation of the vehicle.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention with the method in that the intensity of the incident electromagnetic echo signals is divided into at least two electromagnetic signal components, which propagate in different signal paths, and the at least two electromagnetic signal components are directed to different receiver areas using at least one diffraction element.
  • the intensity of the incident electromagnetic echo signals is divided between a number of receiver areas. This prevents overmodulation in individual receiver areas due to strong electromagnetic echo signals.
  • the received electrical signals can be processed with the at least one control and evaluation device to form quantities which can characterize distances, directions and/or speeds of detected objects relative to the detection device. In this way, corresponding information about detected objects can be determined with the detection device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vehicle in front view, with a driver assistance system and a LiDAR system for detecting objects in front of the vehicle in the direction of travel;
  • FIG. 2 shows a functional representation of the vehicle with the driver assistance system and the LiDAR system from FIG. 1;
  • FIG 3 shows a receiving device in accordance with a first exemplary embodiment for the LiDAR system from FIGS. which are arranged in a line are steered;
  • Figure 4 is a plan view of the receiver of Figure 3;
  • FIG. 5 shows an intensity distribution of the signal components of an exemplary echo signal behind the diffraction element from FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 6 shows a receiving device according to a second exemplary embodiment for the LiDAR system from FIGS. 1 and 2, with a receiver in which the receiver areas are arranged in a line, and a transmissive diffraction element;
  • FIG. 7 shows a receiving device according to a third exemplary embodiment for the LiDAR system from FIGS. 1 and 2, with a receiver in which the receiver areas are arranged over a large area, and a transparent diffraction element with which intensities of echo signals are divided into signal components in a spatial dimension and echo signals from different directions are directed to different groups of receiver areas;
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of the receiver of Figure 7;
  • FIGS. 9 shows a receiving device according to a fourth exemplary embodiment for the LiDAR system from FIGS. 1 and 2, with a receiver in which the receiver areas are arranged areally, and a transmissive diffraction element with which intensities of echo signals are divided into signal components in two spatial dimensions and directed to the appropriate recipient areas;
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of the receiver of Figure 9. The same components are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view of a vehicle 10 by way of example in the form of a passenger car.
  • the vehicle 10 has a detection device, for example in the form of a LiDAR system 12.
  • the LiDAR system 12 is designed as a laser scanner.
  • a functional representation of the vehicle 10 with the LiDAR system 12 is shown in FIG.
  • the LiDAR system 12 is arranged in the front bumper of the vehicle 10 .
  • a monitoring area 14 in the direction of travel 16 in front of the vehicle 10 can be monitored for objects 18.
  • the LiDAR system 12 can also be arranged elsewhere on the vehicle 10 and directed differently.
  • the LiDAR system 12 can also be arranged in the vehicle 10 for monitoring an interior.
  • the LiDAR system 12 can be used to determine object information, for example distances, directions and speeds of objects 18 relative to the vehicle 10 or the LiDAR system 12, or corresponding characterizing variables.
  • the objects 18 can be stationary or moving objects, for example other vehicles, people, animals, plants, debris, bumps in the road, for example potholes or stones, road boundaries, traffic signs, open spaces, for example parking spaces, precipitation or the like.
  • the LiDAR system 12 can also be used to capture gestures from people.
  • the LiDAR system 12 is connected to a driver assistance system 20 .
  • the vehicle 10 can be operated autonomously or partially autonomously with the driver assistance system 20 .
  • the LiDAR system 12 includes, for example, a transmitting device 22, a receiving device 24 and a control and evaluation device 26.
  • the functions of the control and evaluation device 26 can be implemented centrally or decentrally. Parts of the functions of the control and evaluation device 26 can also be integrated into the transmitting device 22 and/or the receiving device 24 .
  • the control and evaluation device 26 and the driver assistance system 20 can also be partially combined.
  • the functions of the control and evaluation device 26 are implemented in terms of software and hardware.
  • Electrical transmission signals are generated with the control and evaluation device 26 in order to carry out measurements with the LiDAR system 12 .
  • the transmission device 22 is controlled with the electrical transmission signals so that it transmits corresponding monochromatic electromagnetic scanning signals 28 in the form of laser signals.
  • the transmission device 22 has, for example, a signal source, for example in the form of a diode laser.
  • pulsed scanning signals 28 are emitted with the signal source.
  • the LiDAR system 12 can be configured as a scanning LiDAR system or as a flash LiDAR system.
  • the transmission device 22 can optionally have at least one optical system, for example at least one optical lens, with which the generated scanning signals 28 can be correspondingly influenced, in particular widened and/or focused.
  • the transmission device 22 can optionally have a signal deflection device with which the scanning signals 28 can be directed into the monitoring area 14 .
  • the signal deflection device can be changeable, for example pivotable. In this way, the directions of propagation of the scanning signals 28 can be swiveled and the monitoring area 14 can be scanned or scanned.
  • the scanning signals 28 are sent to the monitoring area 14 using the transmitting device 22 .
  • the reflected on an object 18 in the direction of the receiving device 24 electro-magnetic scanning signals 28 are as electromagnetic echo signals 30 with the Receiving device 24 received.
  • the receiving device 24 is designed to detect echo signals 30 with intensities in a high dynamic range.
  • the receiving device 24 according to a first exemplary embodiment, which can be used in the LiDAR system 12 from FIGS. 1 and 2, is shown in FIG.
  • the receiving device 24 can optionally have an echo signal deflection device and/or an optical system, for example an optical lens, on its input side, with which the electromagnetic echo signals 30 are directed to a reflecting diffraction element 32 of the receiving device 24 .
  • an echo signal deflection device and/or an optical system for example an optical lens
  • the reflective diffraction element 32 has, for example, a reflective lattice structure.
  • the diffraction element 32 can be implemented as a diffractive optical element, for example.
  • the diffraction element 32 acts, for example, in a spatial dimension perpendicular to a signal path of the impinging echo signals 30 to diffract the echo signals 30.
  • the intensity of an incident echo signal 30 is divided by means of diffraction, for example by means of interference, in a spatial dimension to, for example, five signal components 34 and, for example, deflected by approximately 90°.
  • the signal components 34 are identified by the reference symbols 34a, 34b, namely 34bi and 34b2, and 34c, namely 34ci and 34C2, for better differentiation.
  • An exemplary intensity distribution of the signal components 34 is shown in FIG. The intensity distribution is symmetrical in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the flare component of the intensity of the echo signal 30 is assigned to a flare signal component 34a. Smaller components of the intensity are allocated in decreasing strength to two first secondary signal components 34bi and 34b2 and second secondary signal components 34ci and 34C2 arranged symmetrically with respect to the flank signal component 34a.
  • the signal components 34a, 34bi, 34b2, 34ci and 34C2 propagate on different signal paths 36.
  • the signal paths 36 are given the reference symbols 36a, 36b, namely 36bi and 36b2, 36c, namely 36ci and 36C2.
  • the signal components 34 are directed to a receiver 38 of the receiving device 24 using the diffraction element 32 .
  • the receiver 38 is implemented as a CCD sensor, for example. Alternatively, an active pixel sensor, a line of photodiodes or the like can also be provided.
  • the receiver 38 has, for example, seven receiver areas 40 which are arranged next to one another as a line along a first sensor axis 44 .
  • FIG. 4 shows the receiver 38 in a plan view viewed from the diffraction element 32 .
  • Alternative receivers 38 can also have more or fewer than seven receiver areas 40
  • the first sensor axis 44 extends parallel to an x-axis of a Cartesian xyz coordinate system, the corresponding coordinate axes of which are shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6 up to 14 for better orientation.
  • a second sensor axis 46 is perpendicular to the first sensor axis 44 and parallel to a y-axis of the x-y-z coordinate system.
  • a diffractive element plane 48, along which the grating structures of the diffractive element 32 extend, is perpendicular to the x-z plane of the x-y-z coordinate system.
  • each receiver area 40 includes a receiver element 42.
  • the receiver elements 42 can also be referred to as “pixels”.
  • a plurality of receiver elements 42 can also be combined to form a receiver area 40 .
  • a so-called binning method can be used, in which several receiver elements 42 are combined to form a receiver area 40 .
  • the diffraction element 32 and the receiver 38 are, for example, adapted to one another in terms of their configurations, their orientations and/or distances relative to one another such that each signal path 36 is associated with one of the receiver regions 40 .
  • the signal paths 36 and the corresponding signal components 34 are assigned to different receiver areas 40 .
  • the intensity of the impinging The echo signal 30 is thus distributed to a plurality of receiver areas 40 via the signal components 34 .
  • the respective signal components 34 of the incident electromagnetic echo signal 30 are converted into corresponding electrical reception signals.
  • the received electrical signals are processed with the control and evaluation device 26 .
  • object variables for example distance variables, direction variables and/or speed variables, are determined from the electrical reception signals with the control and evaluation device 26, which characterize distances, directions or speeds of detected object 18 relative to the LiDAR system 12 or relative to the vehicle 10 .
  • the determined object sizes are transmitted to the driver assistance system 20 with the control and evaluation device 26 .
  • the object variables are used with the driver assistance system 20 in order to operate the vehicle 10 autonomously or partially autonomously.
  • FIG. 6 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a receiving device 24 for the LiDAR system 12 from FIGS.
  • the second embodiment differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that the diffraction element 32 and the corresponding grating structure for echo signals 30 are permeable.
  • the diffraction element 32 is arranged in line with the receiver 38 .
  • the transmissive diffraction element 32 With the transmissive diffraction element 32, the intensity of the scanning signals 28 is divided, for example, into five signal components 34, analogously to the first exemplary embodiment, and directed to the respective receiver areas 40.
  • FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the receiver 38 of the receiving device 24.
  • the third exemplary embodiment differs from the second exemplary embodiment in that the receiver 38 has 49 receiver areas 40, for example.
  • the 49 receiver areas 40 are arranged in seven rows 50 with seven receiver areas 40 each. Due to the planar arrangement, the receiver 38 has a second spatial dimension along the second sensor axis 46 in addition to the first spatial dimension along the first sensor axis 44 .
  • Each of the rows 50 extends along the first sensor axis 44, analogously to the first two exemplary embodiments.
  • the seven rows 50 are arranged next to one another along the second sensor axis 46.
  • the signal components 34 in the second spatial dimension are directed to the receiver areas 40 of the corresponding line 50 .
  • the direction in which the reflecting object 18 is located is also determined from the illuminated receiver areas 40 .
  • FIG. 10 shows a plan view of the receiver 38 of the receiving device 24.
  • the fourth exemplary embodiment differs from the third exemplary embodiment in that echo signals 30 incident with the diffraction element 32 are diffracted in two spatial dimensions.
  • the diffraction element 32 can have concentric lattice structures.
  • the intensity of the echo signals 30 is divided by means of diffraction in two spatial dimensions, for example 17 signal components 34a, 34b and 34c.
  • the signal paths 36b and 36c of the secondary signal components 34b and 34a are arranged concentrically around the signal path 36a of the main signal component 34a.
  • the signal components 34a, 34b and 34c are routed on different signal paths 36a, 36b and 36c to different receiver areas 40 of the receiver 38 and are detected with them.
  • the intensity of an incident echo signal 30 is distributed over a total of 17 receiver areas 40 . In this way, the dynamic range with regard to the intensity of the detected echo signals 30 can be further increased compared to the first three exemplary embodiments.
  • the two-dimensional diffraction elements 30 from the third and the fourth exemplary embodiment can be configured as reflective diffraction elements 32 analogously to the first exemplary embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif de réception (24) d'un dispositif de détection permettant de détecter des objets (18) au moyen de signaux électromagnétiques (30), un dispositif de détection, un véhicule comprenant au moins un dispositif de détection, et un procédé de fonctionnement d'un dispositif de détection. Le dispositif de réception (24) comprend au moins deux zones de réception (40) d'au moins un récepteur (38), au moyen desquelles des signaux électromagnétiques (30) peuvent être convertis en signaux de réception électriques, et au moins un élément de diffraction (32) présentant un effet diffractif sur des signaux électromagnétiques (30), ledit élément de diffraction étant disposé dans un trajet de signal des signaux électromagnétiques (30) en amont des au moins deux zones de réception (40). Au moins un élément de diffraction (32) est conçu pour diviser des intensités de signaux électromagnétiques incidents (30) en au moins deux fractions de signaux électromagnétiques (34) qui se propagent sur différents trajets de signal (36). L'au moins un élément de diffraction (32) et les au moins deux zones de réception (40) sont adaptées l'une à l'autre de telle sorte qu'au moins deux trajets de signal différents (36) de fractions de signaux électromagnétiques (34) sont associés à différentes zones de réception (40).
EP22732444.9A 2021-05-31 2022-05-24 Dispositif de réception d'un dispositif de détection, dispositif de détection, véhicule comprenant au moins un dispositif de détection et procédé de fonctionnement d'au moins un dispositif de détection Pending EP4348295A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021113962.7A DE102021113962A1 (de) 2021-05-31 2021-05-31 Empfangseinrichtung einer Detektionsvorrichtung, Detektionsvorrichtung, Fahrzeug mit wenigstens einer Detektionsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben wenigstens einer Detektionsvorrichtung
PCT/EP2022/063967 WO2022253623A1 (fr) 2021-05-31 2022-05-24 Dispositif de réception d'un dispositif de détection, dispositif de détection, véhicule comprenant au moins un dispositif de détection et procédé de fonctionnement d'au moins un dispositif de détection

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EP4348295A1 true EP4348295A1 (fr) 2024-04-10

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EP22732444.9A Pending EP4348295A1 (fr) 2021-05-31 2022-05-24 Dispositif de réception d'un dispositif de détection, dispositif de détection, véhicule comprenant au moins un dispositif de détection et procédé de fonctionnement d'au moins un dispositif de détection

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US (1) US20240255646A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4348295A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2024521207A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021113962A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022253623A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2415560A (en) * 2004-06-25 2005-12-28 Instro Prec Ltd Vehicle safety system having a combined range finding means and a communication means
DE102007024051B4 (de) * 2007-05-22 2018-02-01 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erkennung und Lokalisierung von Laserstrahlungsquellen
DE102017201127A1 (de) 2017-01-25 2018-07-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Optische Anordnung und eine LIDAR-Vorrichtung mit einer derartigen optischen Anordnung

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JP2024521207A (ja) 2024-05-28
DE102021113962A1 (de) 2022-12-01
US20240255646A1 (en) 2024-08-01
WO2022253623A1 (fr) 2022-12-08

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