EP4337911A1 - Messvorrichtung, fertigungsvorrichtung mit einer solchen messvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer fertigungsvorrichtung zum generativen fertigen eines bauteils aus einem pulvermaterial - Google Patents
Messvorrichtung, fertigungsvorrichtung mit einer solchen messvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer fertigungsvorrichtung zum generativen fertigen eines bauteils aus einem pulvermaterialInfo
- Publication number
- EP4337911A1 EP4337911A1 EP22725426.5A EP22725426A EP4337911A1 EP 4337911 A1 EP4337911 A1 EP 4337911A1 EP 22725426 A EP22725426 A EP 22725426A EP 4337911 A1 EP4337911 A1 EP 4337911A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coordinate system
- area
- interest
- measuring device
- construction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/002—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring two or more coordinates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a measuring device, a manufacturing device with such a measuring device and a method for operating a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of a component from a powder material.
- a component to be manufactured must be arranged very precisely, ie with high spatial accuracy, in a work area of an additive manufacturing device used to manufacture the component. This is particularly the case in the production of so-called hybrid components, in which an additively manufactured area is built up on a conventionally manufactured preform.
- the accuracy of the alignment of the area to be newly produced relative to the preform often decides whether the hybrid manufacturing method can at all provide the accuracy required for the subsequent use of the component.
- a hybrid milling head with internal cooling channels must be positioned with a deviation of less than 50 pm in order to avoid that the resulting component - which rotates in the later application - has too great an imbalance. Optimization on different length scales is necessary for correct positioning of the component to be manufactured within the working area. It is hardly possible or only possible with a great deal of effort to solve the optimization tasks described above on different length scales with high accuracy and efficiency.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a measuring device, a manufacturing device with such a measuring device and a method for operating a manufacturing device for to create 2 generative manufacturing of a component from a powder material, wherein the disadvantages mentioned are at least reduced, preferably do not occur.
- the object is achieved in particular by creating a measuring device for aligning a construction plan coordinate system with a construction level coordinate system of a work area of an additive manufacturing device arranged in a construction level, the measuring device having a first sensor device that is set up to measure a first detection area of the work area to detect with a first measurement accuracy.
- the measurement device also includes a selection module configured to select at least one area of interest within the first detection area.
- the measuring device has a second sensor device which is set up to detect the at least one selected area of interest with a second measuring accuracy, the second measuring accuracy being higher than the first measuring accuracy.
- the measurement device includes an alignment module configured to determine at least one orientation of the building plan coordinate system relative to the building plane coordinate system selected from an angular orientation and a translational orientation based on the sensed area of interest.
- the measuring device advantageously allows a very precise alignment of the construction plan coordinate system relative to the construction level coordinate system, which makes it possible in particular to build up areas of components to be generatively produced with high accuracy on conventionally produced preforms and thus to produce hybrid components with high quality.
- the first sensor device in particular advantageously enables a comparatively large detection area, preferably the entire working area, to be detected on a first, larger length scale, with the at least one area of interest being able to be selected within this detection area by means of the selection module.
- the second sensor device then enables the region of interest to be recorded locally, preferably on a smaller length scale, with greater measurement accuracy.
- an overall overview can first be obtained, in which case relevant areas in particular can then be recorded with greater accuracy.
- the alignment module it is advantageously possible to align the building plan coordinate system relative to the building level coordinate system, in particular using the area of interest recorded with greater measurement accuracy, 3 so that overall—with nevertheless advantageously limited effort—high accuracy is obtained for the alignment of the coordinate systems relative to one another.
- the measuring device proposed here enables a sensor fusion of the first sensor device with the second sensor device, in particular preferably a multiscale sensor fusion, in particular on different length scales.
- a construction plan coordinate system is understood to mean, in particular, a coordinate system of the component to be manufactured.
- the component to be manufactured is initially defined by means of a manufacturing data record in the construction plan coordinate system, and when the manufacturing data record is used in the generative manufacturing device, the construction plan coordinate system corresponds to a machine coordinate system of the generative manufacturing device.
- the machine coordinate system includes those coordinates with which the manufacturing device - in particular a scanner device for the displacement of an optical work ei ts beam - is controlled in order to manufacture the component to be manufactured.
- a construction level coordinate system is understood in particular to mean a coordinate system that is spanned in the construction level of the production device and fixed relative to the work area.
- the position of at least one preform arranged in the work area is also fixed in the building plane coordinate system;
- the at least one preform to define the building level coordinate system, for example to establish the origin of the building level coordinate system.
- the construction level coordinate system is fixed relative to a substrate plate held on or in the production device in an exchangeable manner or is defined by the substrate plate.
- the construction plan coordinate system and the construction level coordinate system can fall apart even with previous calibration, in particular due to misalignment or thermal effects in the generative manufacturing device; in particular, they can drift relative to one another when the production device heats up or cools down.
- a substrate plate on which a component is generatively manufactured to expand thermally, in particular when it is preheated, for example to 200° C. or 500° C.
- An alignment of the coordinate systems relative to each other before the start of production thus increases their quality in any case. Furthermore, it is possible that not with sufficiently high 4
- a measurement accuracy of a sensor device is understood to mean, in particular, a combination of a precision determined in particular by the resolution of the sensor device and a correctness of the detection by the sensor device, which is influenced in particular by a so-called registration error.
- the precision describes a scatter of the measured values around a mean value, with the precision being high when the scatter is low.
- Accuracy describes a deviation of the mean value of the measured values from an assumed true value, in particular from a location in the machine coordinate system.
- a registration error of the sensor device is in particular a deviation of a sensor coordinate system of the sensor device from the machine coordinate system.
- the correctness thus depends directly on the registration error; the correctness is particularly high when there is no registration error and the sensor coordinate system matches the machine coordinate system.
- Measurement accuracy is high when both precision and trueness are high.
- Measurement accuracy is low when either precision or accuracy is low, or when precision and accuracy are low.
- the second measurement accuracy can be higher than the first measurement accuracy by the precision of the second sensor device being higher than the precision of the first sensor device with the same accuracy, or by the accuracy of the second sensor device being higher than the accuracy of the first sensor device with the same precision, or by both the precision and the correctness of the second sensor device are higher than the precision and the correctness of the first sensor device.
- the second measurement accuracy is higher than the first measurement accuracy by a factor of at least 2, preferably at least 3.
- a second geometric resolution of the second sensor device is preferably higher than a first geometric resolution of the first sensor device by a factor of at least 2 to preferably at most 10, preferably from at least 3 to preferably at most 5.
- the first sensor device has a geometric resolution of at least 30 gm to a maximum of 500 gm, preferably from at least 100 gm to a maximum of 400 5 mih, preferably up to a maximum of 300 gm, preferably up to a maximum of 200 gm.
- the second sensor device has a geometric resolution of at least 10 gm to at most 50 gm, preferably at least 20 gm to at most 40 gm, preferably up to at most 30 gm.
- the first sensor device is set up to detect the entire working area of the production device as the first detection area.
- the first sensor device it is possible in a preferred embodiment for the first sensor device to be set up to detect the first detection area—as an area that is smaller than the working area—within the working area.
- an area of interest is understood to mean, in particular, what is known as a region of interest (ROI).
- ROI region of interest
- the selection module is set up to select a plurality of areas of interest within the first detection area.
- the areas of interest can be spaced apart from one another or at least border on one another in areas. It is also possible that the areas of interest at least partly overlap with each other.
- the area of interest is preferably a second detection area within the first detection area.
- an angular orientation is understood in particular as at least one angle by which the construction plan coordinate system is rotated relative to the construction level coordinate system.
- a translational alignment is understood to mean, in particular, a linear distance by which the construction plan coordinate system is shifted relative to the construction level coordinate system—or vice versa.
- the displacement preferably relates to the origins of the coordinate systems.
- the alignment of the coordinate systems is determined relative to one another is preferably understood to mean that the coordinate systems are aligned with one another, ie 6 in particular that the determined displacement and/or rotation is corrected.
- an offset that is to say the displacement and/or rotation, between the coordinate systems is preferably determined, further processing, in particular manufacture of the component to be manufactured, then taking place on the basis of the offset determined; this means in particular that the determined offset is taken into account in the further processing, in particular is calculated out.
- the measuring device preferably has a plurality of second sensor devices, in particular if the manufacturing device has a plurality of working beams for the additive manufacturing of the component to be manufactured.
- a second sensor device is preferably assigned to each working beam, or each working beam is part of a second sensor device.
- a module can preferably be implemented in terms of hardware, but also in terms of software in the measuring device.
- the functionality of a module can preferably be implemented in hardware and/or software in the measuring device.
- the module does not necessarily have to be a separate device or structure that can be physically or mentally separated.
- a module can in particular have a plurality of sub-modules.
- a module is preferably a software unit.
- generative manufacturing is to be understood in particular as additive manufacturing of a component.
- the generative manufacturing device is accordingly set up in particular to carry out at least one of the aforementioned generative manufacturing methods.
- the alignment module is set up to determine the angular alignment of the construction plan coordinate system relative to the construction level coordinate system using at least one detected area that is selected from a group consisting of the detected first detection area and the captured 7
- the alignment module is configured to determine the translational orientation of the building plan coordinate system relative to the building plan coordinate system based on the sensed area of interest.
- at least the translational alignment of the construction plan coordinate system relative to the construction level coordinate system is thus determined using the detected area of interest.
- the translation alignment can be determined with a particularly high level of accuracy based on the detected area of interest, since the second measurement accuracy is higher than the first measurement accuracy, with high measurement accuracy being particularly advantageous for determining the translation alignment.
- the angular orientation can optionally also be determined based on the detected area of interest or based on the first detection area.
- the first, lower measurement accuracy is sufficient for the required accuracy when determining the angular orientation.
- the angular alignment can be determined with high precision on a larger length scale, for example based on the course of complete edges running through the detection area, the angular alignment can also be determined based on the first detection area.
- the first detection area is preferably used essentially or even exclusively to select, in particular to identify and select, the at least one area of interest.
- the alignment module is set up to recognize at least one position determination feature of at least one preform arranged in the work area.
- the alignment module is also set up to define a geometric position of the at least one position determination feature relative to at least one coordinate system, wherein the at least one coordinate system is selected from a group consisting of the construction level coordinate system and the construction plan coordinate system.
- the alignment module is set up to align the construction plan coordinate system relative to the at least one position determination feature.
- there is an implicit alignment of the building plan coordinate system with the building level coordinate system it being possible for the building level coordinate system to be defined in particular by the position determination feature.
- the preform arranged in the working area and thus also in the construction plane with the at least one position determination feature preferably spans the construction plane coordinate system.
- the at least one position determination feature is a bore in the preform that can be detected by means of the first sensor device and/or by means of the second sensor device. Such a bore can be detected in a preferred manner, in particular by means of image recognition.
- the at least one position determination feature is an edge of the preform that can be detected by means of the first sensor device and/or by means of the second sensor device.
- an edge is to be understood in particular as an edge that can be recognized by a machine, in particular an edge that can be recognized using an edge detection algorithm.
- edge detection enables the position of the preform to be determined in a very precise and at the same time not very complex manner.
- the edge can in particular be a hole edge of a hole in the preform.
- the at least one position determination feature is preferably a marking provided on a surface of the preform. In this way, too, a very high level of accuracy in determining the position of the preform can be achieved.
- the surface of the preform on which the marking is arranged faces in particular the first sensor device and/or the second sensor device. In particular, it is an upper side of the preform.
- a marking on a surface of the preform preferably introduces at least one edge there, which can then in turn be detected by means of edge detection, in particular automatically.
- the first sensor device is designed as an optical sensor device that is set up to record an optical image of the first detection area.
- the first sensor device preferably has at least one camera.
- the first sensor device, in particular the at least one camera is preferably a component of a powder bed monitoring device of a manufacturing device for the additive manufacturing of a component from a powder material, in particular a powder bed camera.
- An optical sensor device can in particular have a geometric resolution of at least 30 ⁇ m to at most 500 ⁇ m, preferably from at least 100 ⁇ m to at most 400 ⁇ m, preferably up to at most 300 ⁇ m, preferably up to at most 200 ⁇ m.
- the second sensor device is set up to control a scanner device for displacing an optical work beam of the additive manufacturing device in the work area in order to generate signal values from an interaction area of the optical work beam in the work area to detect electromagnetic radiation in a location-dependent manner, a signal value being assigned to each location of the displacement of the optical working beam in the working area, and to obtain an image of the working area from the signal values recorded in a location-dependent manner.
- a second sensor device designed in this way advantageously has a very high measurement accuracy.
- a second sensor device configured in this way can have a high resolution and/or a very small, preferably even vanishing, registration error.
- a manufacturing device for additively manufacturing a component from a powder material which uses an optical working beam for additive manufacturing, advantageously does not require any complex additional devices to implement the second sensor device, since the scanner device for shifting the optical working beam is required provided in the work area anyway.
- a second sensor device configured in this way can in particular have a geometric resolution of at least 10 ⁇ m to at most 50 ⁇ m, preferably from at least 20 ⁇ m to at most 40 ⁇ m, preferably to at most 30 ⁇ m. 10
- An optical working beam is to be understood in particular as directed electromagnetic radiation, continuous or pulsed, which is suitable in terms of its wavelength or a wavelength range for the additive manufacturing of a component from powder material, in particular for sintering or melting the powder material.
- an optical working beam means a laser beam that can be generated continuously or in a pulsed manner.
- the optical working beam preferably has a wavelength or a wavelength range in the visible electromagnetic spectrum or in the infrared electromagnetic spectrum, or in the overlap region between the infrared range and the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- An interaction area of the optical working beam in the working area is understood to mean, in particular, a local area of the working area in which the optical working beam momentarily interacts with material, in particular powder material, arranged in the working area.
- electromagnetic radiation emanating from the interaction area means in the context of the present technical teaching that electromagnetic radiation emitted from the interaction area, in particular electromagnetic radiation emitted from the interaction area or electromagnetic radiation remitted from the interaction area, is detected.
- Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the interaction area is understood to mean electromagnetic radiation which—independently of a specific physical mechanism—emanates from the interaction area due to the irradiation of the optical working beam into the interaction area.
- Electromagnetic radiation emitted from the interaction area is understood to mean electromagnetic radiation which is emitted due to the interaction with the optical working beam in the interaction area—in particular as thermal radiation or as luminescence, in particular fluorescence or phosphorescence.
- Electromagnetic radiation remitted from the interaction area is understood to mean electromagnetic radiation which is reflected and/or scattered—in particular by a surface in the interaction area.
- reflection 11 is understood in the narrower sense as directed reflection, while “scattering” is understood to mean diffuse reflection, in particular in accordance with Lamberf's law.
- the signal values are in particular recorded point-by-point, in particular one-dimensionally, depending on the location. Precisely one signal value is therefore preferably assigned to each location of the displacement of the optical working beam. Such a signal value is in particular a brightness value.
- an image of the work area is understood to mean, in particular, a two-dimensional image of the work area, in particular the at least one selected area of interest of the work area.
- the image is obtained in particular by being composed, calculated or formed in some other way from the location-dependent detected signal values.
- the optical working beam for detecting the working area is operated with an optical output power that is lower than a lower power limit for the optical output power of the optical working beam for additive manufacturing.
- the lower power limit is selected in particular such that a material change, in particular sintering or melting, in particular of the powder material of the generative manufacturing device, only occurs above this lower power limit or above this lower power limit, so that generative manufacturing with the optical working beam is possible.
- the optical output power of the optical working beam is therefore preferably chosen to be higher than the lower power limit for additive manufacturing.
- the same optical working beam is used—except for the reduction of the optical output power if necessary—both for the additive manufacturing and for the detection of the at least one selected area of interest.
- the lower power limit is 100 W, preferably 90 W, preferably 85 W. 12 preferably operated up to a maximum of 89.9 W, preferably up to a maximum of 84.9 W, in particular from at least 2 W to a maximum of 50 W.
- the optical working beam is preferably operated with an optical output power of at least 90 W, preferably at least 100 W, preferably more than 100 W, preferably from at least 90 W to at most 500 W.
- edge detection is possible, in particular based on sharp jumps in the signal values detected as a function of location.
- the radiation behavior of the preform changes discontinuously at an edge.
- the preform is surrounded by powder material, namely working powder of the additive manufacturing device, or is embedded in powder material, with a surface of the preform facing the scanner device not being covered by powder material. If the optical working beam exceeds an edge of this surface, the beam behavior changes, in particular from strong scattering by the powder material to at least more directional reflection on the surface of the preform—or vice versa.
- the signal value typically has a higher level, in particular a higher or lower brightness—depending on the type of detection—when the light of the optical working beam is backscattered diffusely than when it is essentially reflected.
- a working powder is understood to mean a powder material which is used in the generative manufacturing device or by the generative manufacturing device for producing a component from the powder material.
- the method is particularly preferably carried out with a roughened surface of the preform, with the surface particularly preferably being blasted with sand, corundum or glass beads.
- the surface of the preform can have matt, diffusely scattering optical properties, so that it does not simply appear dark in the image of the working area—possibly with individual highlights—but rather is easily recognizable.
- the roughness of the surface is suitably adjusted, there is nevertheless an excellent contrast to any powder material arranged in the vicinity of the surface. For example, it may also be possible in this way to increase the signal value from the roughened surface above the level of the signal value of the scattering of the powder material.
- the second sensor device has a detection device arranged on the optical axis of the optical working beam 13 and is set up to detect the signal value in a location-dependent manner, in that an output signal of the detection device is assigned to a synchronous state of the scanner device as a function of time.
- the second sensor device advantageously has no registration error, since the measurement is carried out directly in the coordinate system of the optical working beam and thus in the machine coordinate system.
- the second measurement accuracy can even be higher than the first measurement accuracy if the resolution of the second sensor device should be lower than the resolution of the first sensor device.
- the second sensor device preferably also has a higher resolution than the first sensor device.
- the detection of the signal values i.e. here the output signal of the detection device, and the displacement of the optical working beam by appropriate control of the scanner device takes place in particular synchronously, so that each signal value can be assigned a status of the scanner device and thus at the same time a location in the working area.
- the state of the scanner device is in particular a position of at least one movable mirror of the scanner device, in particular a galvanometric mirror, which in turn is assigned to a location in the work area at which the optical working beam is directed.
- the spatially resolved detection of the signal values thus takes place directly in the coordinate system of the scanner device and thus in the machine coordinate system.
- the second sensor device preferably has a deflecting mirror, via which the optical working beam is deflected, with the reflectivity of the deflecting mirror being less than 100%, so that a proportion of the electromagnetic radiation emitted along the optical axis passes through the deflecting mirror and onto the area arranged behind the deflecting mirror detection device falls.
- the optical working beam it is also possible for the optical working beam to be sent through the Elm deflection mirror, which then has a transmissivity of less than 100%, in which case the detection device is arranged in such a way that the emitted electromagnetic radiation is partially deflected by the deflection mirror and of the detection device.
- the optical working beam it is also preferably possible for the optical working beam to pass through an opening in a deflection mirror, with the radiated electromagnetic radiation being at least partially deflected by the surface of the deflection mirror surrounding the opening and guided to the detection device.
- a so-called scraper mirror can be used.
- the deflection mirror is set up to deflect the optical working beam and to transmit the emitted electromagnetic radiation, it preferably has a reflectivity of at least 99% to at most 99.98%. If the deflection mirror is set up to transmit the optical working beam and to reflect the radiated electromagnetic radiation, it preferably has a transmissivity of at least 99% to at most 99.98%.
- the optical working beam is preferably linearly polarized.
- the polarization is at least partially destroyed by the radiation in the interaction region, the direction of polarization perpendicular to the incident working beam then containing only the emitted signal.
- the polarization beam splitter thus preferably reflects the incident electromagnetic radiation of the optical working beam that is linearly polarized with a specific polarization direction and transmits the polarization direction perpendicular to the specific polarization direction—or vice versa.
- the detection device is preferably designed as a photodiode or has at least one photodiode.
- a silicon photodiode is preferably used as the photodiode. It is possible that the photodiode is sensitive in the visible and/or infrared spectral range. The sensitivity of the photodiode is preferably matched to the wavelength range of the optical working beam.
- An infrared photodiode or a pyrometer diode can be used in a preferred manner.
- the second sensor device has a thermal imaging camera that is arranged and set up to capture the work area.
- the second sensor device is set up to acquire the signal value in a location-dependent manner by recording a thermal image with the thermal imaging camera.
- the registration error of the second sensor device can be very small or even disappear, in that the respective position of the optical working beam is advantageously derived from the recorded thermal image.
- a predetermined intensity profile of the optical working beam for example a Gaussian profile, can be adapted, i.e. fitted, to an intensity profile of the detected thermal radiation recorded in the thermal image, with a current position of the optical working beam being associated with a maximum of the detected intensity curve adapted predetermined intensity profile can be identified.
- the second sensor device can therefore have a higher measurement accuracy than the first sensor device even if its resolution is lower than the resolution of the first sensor device; in particular even when the resolution of the thermal imaging camera is lower than the resolution of an optical camera of the first sensor device.
- the resolution of the second sensor device is preferably higher than the resolution of the first sensor device.
- the selection module is set up to automatically select the at least one area of interest. This advantageously saves an operator of the measuring device from having to make a manual selection.
- the selection module is set up to provide a user interface that enables a selection of the at least one area of interest by a user of the measuring device. This advantageously allows the operator of the measuring device greater freedom in the selection of the at least one area of interest.
- the measuring device preferably has the user interface.
- the alignment module is set up to automatically determine at least one alignment of the construction plan coordinate system relative to the construction level coordinate system, which is selected from a group consisting of the angular alignment and the translational alignment. This advantageously saves an operator of the measuring device from having to manually determine the at least one alignment.
- the alignment module is set up to provide a user interface that at least one alignment of the construction plan coordinate system relative to the construction plane coordinate system, which is selected from a group consisting of the angular orientation and the translational orientation, by a user of the measuring device allows. This advantageously allows the operator of the measuring device greater freedom in determining the at least one alignment.
- the measuring device preferably has the user interface.
- the measuring device has a display module that is set up to calculate an overall display of the at least one selected area of interest in the first detection area.
- the overall display advantageously allows both an overview of the first detection area and a detailed view of the at least one area of interest in the same display.
- the display module is preferably set up to calculate the overall display by overlaying a first display of the first detection area with a second display of the area of interest.
- a degree of fading of the first display with the second display can preferably be set, preferably variably set, particularly preferably—particularly variably—specifiable by a user.
- the display module is preferably set up to calculate the overall display by offsetting the first display of the first detection area with the second display of the area of interest to form the overall display. This advantageously allows a particularly precise representation of the area of interest in the overall representation.
- the display module is set up to calculate an AR display of the work area in such a way that the AR display shows the overall display in the work area, in particular in an optical recording - recorded in particular in real time of the working area, is displayed.
- An AR representation is understood to mean a representation based on the principle of augmented reality (AR).
- the AR display advantageously enables a user to view the overall display within the real work area, particularly in real time.
- the overall display in the working area in particular in the optical recording of the working area, is preferably displayed by overlaying the overall display with the working area, in particular with the optical recording of the working area.
- the display module is set up to display at least one coordinate system in the overall display or in the AR display, which is selected from a group consisting of the building level coordinate system and the building plan coordinate system. to represent. This advantageously allows a user to have a precise overview of the at least one coordinate system in the context of the overall display or the AR display.
- the display module is set up to display radiation vectors for the additive manufacturing of a component in the work area in the overall display or in the AR display. This advantageously allows a user to view and optionally directly manipulate the radiation vectors.
- An irradiation vector is understood to mean, in particular, a continuous, preferably linear displacement of the optical working beam in the working area over a specific distance with a specific direction of displacement.
- the irradiation vector thus includes the direction or orientation of the displacement.
- the alignment module is set up to link position information along a coordinate extending perpendicularly to the building level with at least one coordinate system, with the at least one coordinate system being selected from a group consisting of the building level coordinate system and the blueprint coordinate system. In this way, 3D height information can advantageously be linked to the at least one coordinate system.
- a three-dimensional position of the preform in the work area can be determined in this way, in particular for the purpose of adjustment or to determine the position of the preform relative to a substrate plate, and/or to determine a zero height position.
- the position information along the coordinates extending perpendicularly to the construction plane can advantageously be obtained, for example, by means of strip projection or other suitable methods.
- other information can also be linked to the at least one coordinate system, for example information about a surface texture, in particular of the at least one preform. 18
- the alignment module is set up to align a plurality of optical working beams of the production device relative to at least one coordinate system, with the at least one coordinate system being selected from a group consisting of the building level coordinate system and the building plan coordinate system.
- a plurality of optical working beams can advantageously be aligned relative to the at least one coordinate system and thus at the same time relative to one another, which increases the accuracy of the production of the component to be produced, in particular when the plurality of optical working beams are used to produce the same component - in particular to produce different areas of the same Component - are used.
- a plurality of different sensor devices in particular first and/or second sensor devices
- different and/or similar sensor devices can be merged or combined with one another.
- each optical working beam can be associated with its own second sensor device. At the same time, registration of the various optical working beams relative to one another can thus advantageously be ensured.
- the measuring device is preferably set up to carry out a method according to the invention described below or an embodiment of the method described below.
- the object is also achieved by creating a manufacturing device for the generative manufacturing of a component from a powder material, which has a blasting device, the blasting device being set up to generate at least one optical working beam in order to cut a component by means of the at least one optical working Beam generative from one
- the production device also has a work area which is arranged in a construction level and is set up for the additive manufacturing of a component from the powder material in the work area. Furthermore, the production device has at least one scanner device, which is set up to displace the at least one optical 19
- the production device has a control device which is operatively connected to the at least one scanner device and set up to control the at least one scanner device for displacing the at least one optical working beam in the working area.
- the production device has a measuring device according to the invention or a measuring device according to one or more of the embodiments described above. In connection with the manufacturing device, there are in particular the advantages that have already been described in connection with the measuring device.
- the selection module, the alignment module and preferably the display module are preferably part of the control device or are implemented in the control device.
- the functions of the selection module, the alignment module and preferably the display module are preferably implemented in the control device or are taken over by the control device.
- the production device is preferably set up to carry out a method according to the invention described below or an embodiment of the method described below.
- the beam device is set up to generate a plurality of optical working beams and/or the manufacturing device has a plurality of beam devices for generating a plurality of optical working beams. It is possible for a plurality of respectively assigned scanner devices to be provided for the plurality of optical working beams. However, it is also possible for the scanner device to be set up to displace a plurality of optical working beams—in particular independently of one another—on the working area. In particular, the scanner device can have a plurality of separately controllable scanners, in particular scanner mirrors, for this purpose.
- the scanner device preferably has at least one scanner, in particular a galvanometer scanner, piezo scanner, polygon scanner, MEMS scanner, and/or a working head or processing head that can be displaced relative to the work area.
- the scanner devices proposed here are particularly suitable for shifting the optical working beam within the working area between a plurality of irradiation positions. 20
- a working head or processing head that can be displaced relative to the working area is understood here in particular to mean an integrated component of the production device which has at least one radiation outlet for at least one optical working beam, the integrated component, i.e. the working head, as a whole along at least one displacement direction, preferably along two perpendicular to each other
- Such a working head can, in particular, be designed in the form of a portal or be guided by a robot.
- the working head can be designed as a robot hand of a robot.
- the control device is preferably selected from a group consisting of a computer, in particular a personal computer (PC), a plug-in card or control card, and an FPGA board.
- the control device is an RTC6 control card from SCANLAB GmbH, in particular in the version currently available on the date determining the seniority of the present property right.
- the beam device is preferably designed as a laser.
- the optical working beam is thus advantageously generated as an intensive beam of coherent electromagnetic radiation, in particular coherent light.
- irradiation preferably means exposure.
- the manufacturing device is preferably set up to carry out a method selected from a group consisting of selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, laser metal fusion (laser metal fusion - LMF), direct metal laser melting (direct metal laser Melting - DMLM), Laser Net Shaping Manufacturing (LNSM), and Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS). These configurations of the manufacturing device have proven to be particularly advantageous.
- the production device has an output device which is operatively connected to the measuring device, in particular to the display module, and is set up to output at least one display calculated by the display module, which is selected from a group consisting of Overall display and the AR display.
- the output device is designed as a screen or monitor, head-up display, or as data glasses, in particular 3D glasses. 21
- the object is also achieved by creating a method for operating a manufacturing device for additively manufacturing a component from a powder material, wherein a first detection area of a working area of the manufacturing device arranged in a building plane is recorded with a first measuring accuracy. At least one area of interest within the first coverage area is selected. The at least one selected area of interest is captured with a second measurement accuracy, the second measurement accuracy being greater than the first measurement accuracy. Finally, at least one orientation of the building plan coordinate system relative to the building plane coordinate system is determined based on the detected area of interest, wherein the at least one orientation is selected from a group consisting of an angular orientation and a translational orientation.
- the method preferably includes at least one method step that was previously explained explicitly or implicitly in connection with the measuring device or the production device.
- the angular orientation of the construction plan coordinate system relative to the construction level coordinate system is determined using at least one detected area that is selected from a group consisting of the detected first detection area and the detected area of interest.
- the translational orientation of the building plan coordinate system relative to the building plane coordinate system is determined based on the detected area of interest.
- a geometric position of at least one preform in the building level is determined relative to at least one coordinate system, with the at least one coordinate system being selected from a group consisting of the building level coordinate system and the building plan coordinate system.
- a component is then preferably generatively built up on the preform.
- At least one position determination feature of the preform is recognized and the geometric position of the preform is determined by defining a geometric position of the at least one position determination feature relative to at least one of the coordinate systems 22 will.
- the construction plan coordinate system is preferably aligned relative to the at least one position determination feature.
- An optical sensor device that is set up to record an optical image of the first detection area is preferably used as the first sensor device.
- a sensor device is used as the second sensor device, which is set up to control a scanner device for displacing an optical work beam of the additive manufacturing device in the work area, with signal values from an interaction area of the optical work beam in the Working area outgoing electromagnetic radiation can be detected depending on the location, with each location of the displacement of the optical working beam in the working area being assigned a signal value, and with an image of the working area being obtained from the signal values detected depending on the location.
- the signal values are preferably detected in a location-dependent manner by means of a detection device arranged on an optical axis of the optical working beam and preferably having at least one photodiode, in that an output signal of the detection device is assigned to a synchronous state of the scanner device as a function of time.
- the work area is preferably recorded by a thermal imaging camera, with the signal values being recorded as a function of location by recording a thermal image with the thermal imaging camera.
- the at least one area of interest is selected automatically.
- the at least one area of interest is selected—in particular manually—by a user of the measuring device.
- At least one orientation of the building plan coordinate system relative to the building plane coordinate system is automatically determined.
- the at least one orientation is determined—in particular manually—by a user of the measuring device.
- an overall representation of the area of interest in the detected detection area is calculated, in particular by overlaying a second representation of the area of interest to a first representation of the detected detection area, and/or in which the first representation of the detected detection area is combined with the second representation of the area of interest to form the total -Representation will be charged.
- An AR representation of the work area is preferably calculated in such a way that the AR representation shows the entire representation in the work area, in particular in an optical recording of the work area - recorded in particular in real time - preferably by overlaying the entire representation with the work area, in particular with the optical recording of the work area.
- At least one coordinate system selected from the building level coordinate system and the building plan coordinate system, is preferably displayed in the overall display or in the AR display.
- radiation vectors for the additive manufacturing of a component in the work area are displayed in the AR display or in the overall display.
- Position information is preferably linked along a coordinate extending perpendicularly to the construction plane with at least one coordinate system selected from the construction plane coordinate system and the construction plan coordinate system.
- a plurality of optical working beams of the production device are aligned relative to at least one coordinate system selected from the construction level coordinate system and the construction plan coordinate system.
- a laser is preferably used as the beam device.
- the component is manufactured by a method that is selected from a group consisting of selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, laser metal fusion (Laser Metal Fusion - LMF), direct metal laser melting (Direct Metal Laser Melting - DMLM), Laser Net Shaping Manufacturing (LNSM), and Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS).
- selective laser sintering selective laser melting
- laser metal fusion Laser Metal Fusion - LMF
- direct metal laser melting Direct Metal Laser Melting - DMLM
- LNSM Laser Net Shaping Manufacturing
- LENS Laser Engineered Net Shaping
- a metallic or ceramic powder can preferably be used as the powder material.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a
- Powder material with a first embodiment of a measuring device Powder material with a first embodiment of a measuring device
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a
- Powder material with a second embodiment of a measuring device Powder material with a second embodiment of a measuring device.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a manufacturing device 1 for additively manufacturing a component 3 from a powder material 4 with a first exemplary embodiment of a measuring device 5.
- the manufacturing device 1 has a beam device 7 which is set up to generate at least one optical working beam 9 .
- the manufacturing device 1 is also set up to generatively manufacture the component 3 from the powder material 4 by means of the at least one optical working beam 9 .
- the production device 1 also has a work area 13 arranged in a construction level 11 , it being possible for the component 3 to be produced additively from the powder material 4 in the work area 13 .
- the production device 1 has a scanner device 15 which is set up to displace the at least one optical working beam 9 in the working area 13 .
- the manufacturing device 1 also has a control device 17, which is operatively connected to the at least one scanner device 15 and set up to control the at least one scanner device 15 for displacing the at least one optical working beam 9 in the working area 13.
- the production facility 1 also has the measuring device 5 .
- This is set up in order to align a building plan coordinate system with a building level coordinate system of the work area 13 .
- the measuring device 5 has a first sensor device 19 which is set up to detect a first detection area 21 of the working area 13, in particular the entire working area 13, with a first measuring accuracy.
- the measuring device 5 has a selection module 23 implemented in the control device 17 in the exemplary embodiment shown here, which is set up to select at least one area of interest 25 , in particular as a second detection area 27 , within the first detection area 21 .
- the measuring device 5 has a second 25
- the measuring device 5 also has an alignment module 31 implemented in the control device 17 in the exemplary embodiment shown here, which is set up to align at least one alignment of the construction plan coordinate system relative to the construction level coordinate system, selected from an angular orientation and a translational orientation, based on the detected Area of interest 25 to determine.
- This enables in particular a sensor fusion of the first sensor device 19 with the second sensor device 29, in particular preferably a multiscale sensor fusion, in particular on different length scales.
- the alignment module 31 is preferably configured to determine the angular orientation of the blueprint coordinate system relative to the building plane coordinate system using at least one sensed area selected from the sensed first sense area 21 and the sensed area of interest 25, and to determine the translational orientation of the blueprint coordinate system relative to the building level coordinate system based on the detected area of interest 25 .
- Alignment module 31 is preferably set up to recognize at least one position determination feature 33 of at least one preform 35 arranged in work area 13, and to detect a geometric position of the at least one position determination feature 33 relative to at least one coordinate system selected from the building plane coordinate system and the building plan -Coordinate system.
- the alignment module 31 is set up to align the construction plan coordinate system relative to the at least one position determination feature 33, in which case the construction plan coordinate system is preferably implicitly aligned with the construction level coordinate system defined by the position determination feature.
- the first sensor device 19 is preferably designed as an optical sensor device that is set up to record an optical image of the first detection area 21 .
- the first sensor device 19 preferably has a camera 37 .
- the first sensor device 19 is particularly preferably designed as a powder bed camera.
- the second sensor device 29 is preferably set up to control the scanner device 15 for the displacement of the optical working beam 9 in the working area 13 in order to signal values 26 of electromagnetic radiation 40 emanating from an interaction area 39 of the optical working beam 9 in the working area 13, a signal value being assigned to each location of the displacement of the optical working beam 9 in the working area 13, and an image of the working area 13 from the location-dependent recorded signal values.
- the second sensor device 29 has a detection device 41 which is arranged on an optical axis A of the optical working beam 9 and preferably has at least one photodiode.
- the second sensor device 29 is set up to detect the signal values in a location-dependent manner, in that an output signal from the detection device 41 is assigned to a synchronous state of the scanner device 15 as a function of time.
- the second sensor device 29 has a deflection mirror 42, via which the optical working beam 9 is deflected, with the reflectivity of the deflection mirror 42 being less than 100%, so that a proportion of the electromagnetic radiation emitted along the optical axis A Radiation 40 passes through the deflection mirror 42 and falls on the detection device 41 arranged behind the deflection mirror 42 .
- the selection module 23 is preferably set up to automatically select the at least one area of interest 25 .
- the measuring device 5, here in particular the control device 17, has a user interface 43, via which a selection of the at least one area of interest 25 by a user of the measuring device 5 is possible.
- the alignment module 31 is preferably set up to automatically determine at least one alignment, selected from the angular alignment and the translational alignment, of the building plan coordinate system relative to the building plane coordinate system.
- the user interface 43 is preferably set up in such a way that the at least one orientation can be selected by the user of the measuring device 5 via it.
- the measuring device 5 has a display module 45 that is set up to calculate an overall display of the area of interest 25 in the first detection area 21, in particular by superimposing a first display of the first detection area 21 with a second display of the area of interest 25, and/ or through 27
- the display module 45 is preferably set up to calculate an AR display of the work area 13 in such a way that the AR display shows the entire display in the work area 13, in particular in an optical image of the work area 13, recorded in particular in real time preferably by overlaying the overall display with the work area 13, in particular with the optical recording of the work area 13.
- the display module 45 is preferably set up to display at least one coordinate system, selected from the building level coordinate system and the building plan coordinate system, in the overall display or in the AR display. Alternatively or additionally, the display module 45 is set up to display radiation vectors for the additive manufacturing of the component 3 in the work area 13 in the overall display or in the AR display.
- Manufacturing device 1 preferably has an output device 47, which is operatively connected to measuring device 5, in particular to display module 45, here in particular to control device 17, and is set up to display at least one display calculated by display module 45, selected from the overall display and the AR representation.
- the alignment module 31 is preferably set up to link position information along a coordinate extending perpendicularly to the construction plane 11 with at least one coordinate system, which is selected from the construction plane coordinate system and the construction plan coordinate system.
- the alignment module 31 is preferably set up to align a plurality of optical working beams 9 of the production device 1 relative to at least one coordinate system which is selected from the building plane coordinate system and the building plan coordinate system.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second exemplary embodiment of the manufacturing device 1 for the additive manufacturing of a component 3 from a powder material 4 with a second exemplary embodiment of the measuring device 5.
- the second sensor device 29 has a thermal imaging camera 49, which is arranged and set up to capture the working area 13, the second sensor device 29 being set up to record the signal values by recording a thermal image with the thermal imaging camera 49 depending on the location capture.
- the first detection area 21 is detected with a first measuring accuracy.
- the at least one region of interest 25 is selected within the first detection region 21, and the at least one selected region of interest 25 is detected with a second measurement accuracy, the second measurement accuracy being higher than the first measurement accuracy.
- At least one orientation of the building plan coordinate system relative to the building plane coordinate system selected from the angular orientation and the translational orientation is determined from the detected area of interest 25 .
- the angular orientation is determined from at least one sensed region selected from the sensed first region of interest 21 and the sensed region of interest 25, while the translational orientation is determined from the sensed region of interest 25.
- a geometric position of the at least one preform 35 in the construction plane 11 is preferably determined relative to at least one coordinate system selected from the construction plane coordinate system and the construction plan coordinate system, and the component 3 is built up generatively on the preform 35.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204729.7A DE102021204729B4 (de) | 2021-05-10 | 2021-05-10 | Messvorrichtung, Fertigungsvorrichtung mit einer solchen Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Fertigungsvorrichtung zum generativen Fertigen eines Bauteils aus einem Pulvermaterial |
| PCT/EP2022/060860 WO2022238099A1 (de) | 2021-05-10 | 2022-04-25 | Messvorrichtung, fertigungsvorrichtung mit einer solchen messvorrichtung und verfahren zum betreiben einer fertigungsvorrichtung zum generativen fertigen eines bauteils aus einem pulvermaterial |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4337911A1 true EP4337911A1 (de) | 2024-03-20 |
| EP4337911B1 EP4337911B1 (de) | 2026-03-04 |
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| US (1) | US20240066807A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4337911B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021204729B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022238099A1 (de) |
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| DE102022124331A1 (de) * | 2022-09-22 | 2024-03-28 | Kiefel Gmbh | Wiegesystem, Herstellungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Herstellungsvorrichtung für Werkstücke |
| DE102024108723A1 (de) * | 2024-03-27 | 2025-10-02 | TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik SE | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer Fertigungsvorrichtung zum additiven Fertigen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts sowie eine Fertigungsvorrichtung |
| DE102024109299A1 (de) * | 2024-04-03 | 2025-10-09 | TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik SE | Verfahren zum Überwachen einer Pulvermaterialschicht einer Fertigungsvorrichtung, sowie eine Fertigungsvorrichtung |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102133843B1 (ko) * | 2013-10-31 | 2020-07-14 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 3차원 프린팅의 프로세스를 인디케이팅하는 헤드 마운티드 디스플레이 및 그 제어 방법 |
| BE1024052B1 (nl) * | 2013-12-03 | 2017-11-08 | Layerwise N.V. | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het kalibreren van meerdere energiestralen voor het additief vervaardigen van een object |
| WO2016131021A1 (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2016-08-18 | Glowforge Inc. | Safety and reliability guarantees for laser fabrication |
| DE102017219333A1 (de) | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Modifikation von Bauteilen unter Einsatz additiver Fertigung |
| DE102018205403A1 (de) * | 2018-04-11 | 2019-10-17 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer Bearbeitungsmaschine und Bearbeitungsmaschine |
| DE102018114809B4 (de) | 2018-06-20 | 2020-03-26 | Carl Zeiss Industrielle Messtechnik Gmbh | Messsystem, insbesondere Koordinatenmessgerät |
| DE102018219301A1 (de) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-05-14 | Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Arbeitsbereichs einer generativen Fertigungsvorrichtung sowie Fertigungsvorrichtung zum generativen Fertigen von Bauteilen aus einem Pulvermaterial |
| CN109989585B (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2021-01-26 | 东南大学 | 一种3d打印机打印精度的实时反馈控制方法 |
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|---|---|
| US20240066807A1 (en) | 2024-02-29 |
| DE102021204729B4 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
| WO2022238099A1 (de) | 2022-11-17 |
| DE102021204729A1 (de) | 2022-11-10 |
| EP4337911B1 (de) | 2026-03-04 |
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