EP4331857A1 - Élément anti-contrefaçon optique, son procédé de conception et produit anti-contrefaçon - Google Patents

Élément anti-contrefaçon optique, son procédé de conception et produit anti-contrefaçon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4331857A1
EP4331857A1 EP22794222.4A EP22794222A EP4331857A1 EP 4331857 A1 EP4331857 A1 EP 4331857A1 EP 22794222 A EP22794222 A EP 22794222A EP 4331857 A1 EP4331857 A1 EP 4331857A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
curved surface
modified
surface regions
diffuse reflective
regions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22794222.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kai Sun
Jun Zhu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp
Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp
Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp, Zhongchao Special Security Technology Co Ltd filed Critical China Banknote Printing and Minting Corp
Publication of EP4331857A1 publication Critical patent/EP4331857A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/373—Metallic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of anti-counterfeiting, and specifically relates to an optical anti-counterfeiting element and a design method therefor, and an anti-counterfeiting product.
  • optical anti-counterfeiting technology has been widely applied in various high-security or high-value-added products such as banknotes and financial bills, and has obtained a very good effect.
  • an attractive technique is to combine micro-structures determined by plate-making with an optically variable layer; as disclosed in Chinese patents CN 102712207 A and CN 107995894 A , the brightness distribution of reflected light is modulated by a pre-designed reflective micro-surface, to achieve a dynamic effect, and an interference plating layer may be superimposed to achieve a combination of color change and dynamic effect.
  • This can generally produce patterns, such as a variety of motion effects, e.g., lines, circles, curves or characters, and can produce a three-dimensional stereoscopic sense.
  • color tones of a pattern and a background can only be the same, and a bright-dark contrast relationship is also basically single, and thus it is difficult to achieve dynamic features of multiple colors or any bright-dark relationship.
  • a Moire amplification construction based on micro-lenses and micro-patterns can also generate a display image having a three-dimensional depth effect, for example as described in patent WO 2005/052650 A2 .
  • a periodic display image composed of many small micro-patterns is amplified by grids composed of micro-lenses with similar but not exactly the same periods.
  • a stereoscopic sense obviously located before or after an actual surface may be generated, or so-called orthogonal parallax motion may be generated.
  • such a Moire amplification construction has a disadvantage that the manufacturing thereof is complicated, two imprint steps for the micro-lenses and the micro-patterns are required, and precise alignment is required between the two steps.
  • a magnetically arranged reflective pigment is aligned with a magnet having a corresponding shape, thereby generating a bright (in particular annular) dynamic effect which includes a certain depth effect.
  • This effect is very bright and easy to see clearly, but the required magnetic ink is relatively expensive, and the type and resolution of the effect are limited by the available magnet and cannot be adjusted at will.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention provide an optical anti-counterfeiting element and a design method therefor, and an anti-counterfeiting product, which have a simple manufacture process, and can flexibly achieve dynamic features such as color and/or bright-dark contrast, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an optical anti-counterfeiting element;
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element presents a dynamic feature, the dynamic feature is pre-designed as reproduction of a group of animation frames visible at a preset observation angle set ⁇ v, and each of the group of animation frames includes a pattern region and a background region forming an optical contrast with the pattern region;
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element has a roughly smooth diffuse reflective curved surface, incident light is reflected by the diffuse reflective curved surface and then may form a roughly uniform brightness distribution in a range no less than the preset observation angle set ⁇ v;
  • the diffuse reflective curved surface includes modified curved surface regions and unmodified curved surface regions, the modified curved surface regions and the unmodified curved surface regions have different reflective properties, wherein the modified curved surface regions correspond to the pattern regions; and when the diffuse reflective curved surface is irradiated by the incident light, the modified curved surface regions collectively present a pattern of dynamic feature, and the unmodified
  • the diffuse reflective curved surface is periodic in at least one direction.
  • the diffuse reflective curved surface is aperiodic in at least one direction.
  • an average distance between adjacent peaks and valleys of the diffuse reflective curved surface is 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • an average height difference between adjacent peaks and valleys of the diffuse reflective curved surface is 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • each of the unmodified curved surface regions is smooth or has secondary structures.
  • each of the modified curved surface regions is modified by one or more of the following manners: adding secondary structures to each of the modified curved surface regions; making each of the modified curved surface regions smooth; making each of the modified curved surface regions flat; configuring each of the modified curved surface regions to have protrusions or concavities compared with the unmodified curved surface regions; adjusting an angle of each of the modified curved surface regions, so that the incident light is reflected to a range exceeding the preset observation angle set ⁇ v; or adjusting a thickness of plating layer or coating layer of each of the modified curved surface regions to be different from those of the unmodified curved surface regions.
  • each of the modified curved surface regions is modified by two or more of the following manners
  • the two or more of the following manners exist in a parallel combination manner and/or a serial combination manner.
  • a transverse feature size of the secondary structures is 0.2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • a width of each of the modified curved surface regions is 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the different reflective properties mean that when irradiated by the incident light, the modified curved surface regions and the unmodified curved surface regions have one or a combination of different reflected colors, different reflected brightness, or different reflected textures.
  • Embodiments of the present invention further provide a design method for an optical anti-counterfeiting element, the design method comprising: designing a dynamic feature, wherein the dynamic feature is reproduction of a group of animation frames visible at a preset observation angle set ⁇ v, and each of the group of animation frames includes a pattern region and a background region forming an optical contrast with the pattern region; designing a roughly smooth diffuse reflective curved surface for the optical anti-counterfeiting element, such that after incident light is reflected by the diffuse reflective curved surface, a roughly uniform brightness distribution is formed in a range no less than the preset observation angle set ⁇ v; modifying regions corresponding to the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames on the basis of an observation angle of each of the group of animation frames, to form modified curved surface regions, so that the modified curved surface regions and unmodified curved surface regions have different reflective properties; and when the diffuse reflective curved surface is irradiated by the incident light, the modified curved surface regions collectively presenting a pattern of the dynamic feature
  • the diffuse reflective curved surface is periodic in at least one direction.
  • the diffuse reflective curved surface is aperiodic in at least one direction.
  • an average distance between adjacent peaks and valleys of the diffuse reflective curved surface is 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • an average height difference between adjacent peaks and valleys of the diffuse reflective curved surface is 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • modifying regions corresponding to the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames on the basis of an observation angle of each of the group of animation frames, to form modified curved surface regions includes: pixelating each of the group of animation frames and the diffuse reflective curved surface; determining a first azimuth angle and a first pitch angle of each of the group of animation frames, the first azimuth angle and the first pitch angle being determined according to an observation angle of each of the group of animation frames; determining a second azimuth angle and a second pitch angle of each pixel of the diffuse reflective curved surface, the second azimuth angle and the second pitch angle being determined according to a normal vector at the each pixel of the diffuse reflective curved surface; and executing the following steps regarding each of the group of animation frames: finding, at positions corresponding to pixels of a pattern region in each of the group of animation frames in the diffuse reflective curved surface, pixels corresponding to the second azimuth angle and the second pitch angle that match the first azimuth angle and the first pitch angle of each of the group of animation
  • finding, at positions corresponding to pixels of a pattern region in each of the group of animation frames in the diffuse reflective curved surface, pixels corresponding to the second azimuth angle and the second pitch angle that match the first azimuth angle and the first pitch angle of the pixels of the pattern region includes: within a preset distance range between the diffuse reflective curved surface and the pixels of the pattern region in each of the group of animation frames, finding pixels which correspond to the second azimuth angle of which an angular difference between the second azimuth angle and half of the first azimuth angle is within a first preset angular difference range, and the second pitch angle of which an angular difference between the second pitch angle and the first pitch angle is within a second preset angular difference range.
  • the preset distance range means that the distance from the positions where the pixels of the pattern region in each of the group of animation frames are located is less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m; and/or the first preset angular difference range means that the angular difference from the first azimuth angle is less than 3°, preferably less than 0.5°; and/or the second preset angular difference range means that the angular difference from the first pitch angle is less than 3°, preferably less than 0.5°.
  • modifying regions corresponding to the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames to form modified curved surface regions includes executing one or more of the following manners: adding secondary structures to each of the modified curved surface regions; making each of the modified curved surface regions smooth; making each of the modified curved surface regions flat; configuring each of the modified curved surface regions to have protrusions or concavities compared with the unmodified curved surface regions; adjusting an angle of each of the modified curved surface regions, so that the incident light is reflected to a range exceeding the preset observation angle set ⁇ v; or adjusting a thickness of plating layer or coating layer of each of the modified curved surface regions to be different from those of the unmodified curved surface regions.
  • the dynamic feature is one or a combination of translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, and Yin/Yang transformation; and/or the optical contrast is one or a combination of different colors, different brightness, and different textures visible to human eyes.
  • the width of each of the modified curved surface regions is 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • embodiments of the present invention further provide an anti-counterfeiting product using the optical anti-counterfeiting element.
  • embodiments of the present invention further provide a data carrier; the data carrier has the optical anti-counterfeiting element or has the anti-counterfeiting product.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element provided in the embodiments of the present invention has a simple manufacture process and can flexibly realize dynamic features such as color and/or bright-dark contrast, etc.; in addition, while various multi-color dynamic features are presented on a macroscopic scale, there is no directly-recognizable arrangement rule on a microscopic scale, thereby enhancing the difficulty of counterfeiting in multi-dimensions such as micro-structure design and manufacture process.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an optical anti-counterfeiting element;
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element presents a dynamic feature, the dynamic feature is pre-designed as reproduction of a group of animation frames visible at a preset observation angle set ⁇ v, and each of the group of animation frames includes a pattern region and a background region forming an optical contrast with the pattern region;
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element has a roughly smooth diffuse reflective curved surface, incident light is reflected by the diffuse reflective curved surface and then forms a roughly uniform brightness distribution in a range no less than the preset observation angle set ⁇ v;
  • the diffuse reflective curved surface includes modified curved surface regions and unmodified curved surface regions, the modified curved surface regions and the unmodified curved surface regions have different reflective properties, wherein the modified curved surface regions correspond to the pattern regions; and when the diffuse reflective curved surface is irradiated by the incident light, the modified curved surface regions collectively present a pattern of the dynamic feature, and the unmodified
  • the different reflective properties mean that when irradiated by the incident light, the modified curved surface regions and the unmodified curved surface regions have one or a combination of different reflected colors, different reflected brightness, or different reflected textures.
  • the animation frame is observed, wherein a pattern of an observed animation frame is presented by the modified curved surface regions, and a background of the observed animation frame is presented by the unmodified curved surface regions.
  • a group of animation frames visible at a preset observation angle set ⁇ v means that observation angles are in one-to-one correspondence with each of the group of animation frames, and one observation angle corresponds to one animation frame.
  • the dynamic feature in the embodiments of the present invention roughly refers to a dynamic feature appearing when an observation angle changes.
  • the observation angle may be an angle of one or more of three elements, i.e. a light source (i.e. the incident light), an element and an observer.
  • a light source i.e. the incident light
  • some embodiments of the present invention define an observation direction by a line connecting the eyes of an observer and an observed point, thereby defining an observation angle.
  • the observation angle is a three-dimensional spatial parameter, and therefore needs to be decomposed into at least two angles for accurate description.
  • a pitch angle and an azimuth angle is configured together for description, and angles between an observation direction and three coordinate axes, i.e. x, y, and z may also be configured together for description.
  • the patterns of the animation frames may be designed as letters, numbers, characters, symbols or geometric shapes (in particular a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a rectangle, a hexagon or a star, etc.).
  • the dynamic feature generally refers to one of any translation, rotation, scaling, deformation, looming, and Yin/Yang transformation of a design pattern presented by the element and directly visible to human eyes, and may also be any combination of these dynamic features.
  • the translation may be designing such that a design pattern translates in a specific direction, or may be designing such that the design pattern translates in multiple directions, and the translation direction thereof is associated with the observation direction.
  • a common combination feature is designing that while the position of a pattern of an animation frame changes, the shape thereof also changes, for example, transforming from circle into square.
  • the dynamic feature may have an orthogonal parallax motion behavior of the pattern, that is, the motion direction of the pattern is always perpendicular to the change of the observation direction, which further attracts the attention of an observer by a counterintuitive situation.
  • the motion of the patterns of the animation frames may generate a stereoscopic sense of floating above or below the plane where the element is located by the principle of horizontal parallax between two eyes.
  • the pattern also includes a plurality of sub-patterns presenting the same or different motion behaviors and/or the same or different floating heights or floating depths.
  • the pattern includes at least a first curve and a second curve; when observed in a first or second observation direction respectively, these curves respectively present a first or second target curve located at a central position of a first or second region.
  • the two curves move in different (preferably opposite) directions, thereby producing a particularly dynamic appearance.
  • the pattern of the anti-counterfeiting element also includes more than two curves; and when the anti-counterfeiting element is tilted, these curves may move in the same or different directions.
  • curves in the form of alphanumeric character strings may alternately exhibit different motion behaviors, e.g.
  • the dynamic feature may be represented by a group of pictures generated by computer software, such as mathematical calculation software, pattern processing software, etc.
  • computer software such as mathematical calculation software, pattern processing software, etc.
  • a bitmap having a bmp format is used, and design patterns of different colors and a common background of the patterns are reflected by grayscale values of 0-255.
  • Each of the group of pictures corresponds to visual information presented to human eyes at a specific observation angle, and is referred to as an animation frame of the designed dynamic feature.
  • the preset observation angle set ⁇ v means that all preset dynamic features is seen when the observation angle of human eyes varies in this set.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element may reflect the illumination light out of the set, but these reflected light rays may not be associated with designed animation features, and may also provide relatively dark or black visual information for the dynamic feature.
  • the preset observation angle set ⁇ v may be described by an azimuth angle and a pitch angle, for example, the azimuth angle is designed to be 0-360°, and the pitch angle is 0-35° or 10-50°, etc., that is, the dynamic feature is seen as long as the human eyes are located in this conical region.
  • the setting of the angle parameters depends on the designer's object, the lighting environment where the observer is located, observation habits, etc.
  • pitch angle and azimuth angle are configured to determine an orientation of a curved surface region at each position of the diffuse reflective curved surface S.
  • other parameters can also be configured to determine the orientation of the curved surface region, in particular parameters that are orthogonal to each other are used, such as two orthogonal components of the direction of the curved surface region.
  • the length of fluctuating features of the diffuse reflective curved surface S i.e. an average distance between adjacent peaks and valleys, is preferably less than the recognition capability of human eyes; and the recognition capability is generally about 100 ⁇ m at a distance of distinct vision, and the closer the distance, the higher the resolution capability.
  • the average distance between adjacent peaks and valleys should not exceed 100 ⁇ m.
  • an excessively small distance may generate obvious diffraction of light, which affects color stability of the dynamic feature.
  • a transverse size at a distance of 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m may not produce obvious diffraction iridescence while producing sufficiently fine features, and the transverse size may further preferably be 10 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the average distance between peaks and valleys in the diffuse reflective curved surface S may be calculated by the following method.
  • the diffuse reflective curved surface S is continuous and smooth, that is, the diffuse reflective curved surface S has no break point or crack, and the diffuse reflective curved surface S has no corners.
  • a curved surface satisfies that first derivatives ⁇ S / ⁇ x and ⁇ S / ⁇ y are both substantially continuous.
  • a curved surface defined by equation S(x, y) sin(2 ⁇ x / p x )sin(2 ⁇ y / p y ) is continuous and smooth in both x and y directions, P x and P y being periods in the x and y directions.
  • the actual manufacturing precision is certainly limited, and the purpose of some embodiments of the present invention may be achieved if the diffuse reflective curved surface S is roughly smooth.
  • coefficients C n and N are set, and a periodic function is constructed by using the following formula, where N is a positive integer.
  • a computer program may be configured to generate a matrix random height matrix, and numerical values of the height matrix represent multiple scatter points on the aperiodic diffuse reflective curved surface S. By performing certain difference processing or blurring processing on the height matrix, the aperiodic diffuse reflective curved surface SS is obtained.
  • a main function of the diffuse reflective curved surface S is to generate uniform reflected light in the predetermined preset observation angle set ⁇ v, which is similar to visual impression of diffuse reflection generated by common office paper.
  • the orientation of each curved surface region needs to be selected within a continuous angle set ⁇ s, and the orientation may be defined by an azimuth angle and a pitch angle, for example.
  • the choice of the continuous angle set ⁇ s needs to allow for the incident light to be at least evenly reflected into the preset observation angle set ⁇ v, and thus ⁇ s must cover a minimum set co-determined by the direction of the incident light ⁇ 1, and ⁇ v.
  • the reflective curved surface S reflects the incident light to an angle set ⁇ r, ⁇ r covers the preset observation angle set ⁇ v, i.e., ⁇ v being a subset or proper subset of ⁇ r.
  • ⁇ s is designed as a minimum set co-determined by the direction of the incident light ⁇ 1, and ⁇ v, i.e. ⁇ v is the same as ⁇ r.
  • an azimuth angle of an element of ⁇ s is the same as an azimuth angle of an element of ⁇ v, and a pitch angle of the element thereof is half of a pitch angle of the element of ⁇ v.
  • the size of the diffuse reflective curved surface should be greater than the size of the area occupied when all of the group of the animation frames are presented together, so that each of the group of animation frames can correspond to the diffuse reflective curved surface without scaling, and thus each pixel in the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames can find a corresponding position point on the diffuse reflective curved surface, and the position point will be modified.
  • a position Ps and an angle ⁇ s of a curved surface region to be modified are found, for example, a position and an angle of a curved surface region to be modified may be found per pixel.
  • Pv and Ps should be the same position, and among ⁇ v, ⁇ s and an angle of the incident light ⁇ 1, reflection law of geometric optics needs to be satisfied, that is, the incident light, the reflected light and a normal line of the curved surface region are located in the same plane, and the incident angle is equal to a reflected angle.
  • the specific calculation formula may be found on a general optical textbook, for example, Bohn's "Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light".
  • the position deviation ⁇ P is less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m; and the angle deviation ⁇ is defined as an angle between a normal direction of a modified curved surface region and a normal direction of the curved surface region corresponding to a preset observation angle of the pattern; and the angle deviation ⁇ should be less than 3°, preferably less than 0.5°.
  • the pitch angles of two curved surface regions are ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 respectively, and the azimuth angles are respectively cp, and ⁇ 2 .
  • each of the group of animation frames may be pixelized, and the diffuse reflective curved surface may be pixelized.
  • pixelation may be performed only regarding the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames.
  • the nature of pixelation is to divide an animation frame into, for example, N ⁇ M small regions, and the area occupied by each of the small regions may be very small, for example.
  • small regions divided after pixelation of the diffuse reflective curved surface may also be very small.
  • a width of each of the small regions is 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m; and correspondingly, a length of each of the small regions is 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
  • a first azimuth angle and a first pitch angle of each of the group of animation frames may be determined, and each of the group of animation frames corresponds to a specific observation angle in a one-to-one manner, so that the first azimuth angle and the first pitch angle may be determined according to the observation angle of each of the group of animation frames.
  • the observation angle is a direction vector in a rectangular coordinate system.
  • the angle between the direction vector and the xy-plane is defined as the pitch angle (which can also be said to be a complement angle of an angle between the direction vector and the z-axis).
  • the direction vector is projected onto the xy plane to form a projection vector, in which the angle between the projection vector and the x axis is defined as the azimuth angle.
  • a second azimuth angle and a second pitch angle of each pixel of the diffuse reflective curved surface may be determined, the second azimuth angle and the second pitch angle being determined according to a normal vector at the each pixel of the diffuse reflective curved surface.
  • the azimuth angle of the pixel may be defined as an angle between a normal vector at the pixel and the x axis
  • the pitch angle is defined as an angle between the normal vector at the pixel and the z axis.
  • the xy plane is a plane where the optical anti-counterfeiting element is located
  • the x axis may be a longitudinal direction of the optical anti-counterfeiting element
  • the y axis may be a transverse direction of the optical anti-counterfeiting element
  • the z axis may be an axis perpendicular to the optical anti-counterfeiting element.
  • the following steps may be executed regarding each of the group of animation frames: finding, at positions corresponding to pixels of a pattern region in each of the group of animation frames in the diffuse reflective curved surface, pixels corresponding to the second azimuth angle and the second pitch angle that match the first azimuth angle and the first pitch angle of each of the group of animation frames, to form a region that corresponds to the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames in the diffuse reflective curved surface.
  • a group of animation frames may be projected vertically on a diffuse reflective curved surface in the same proportion, so that a position corresponding to each pixel in each of the group of animation frames on the diffuse reflective curved surface may be determined.
  • Finding pixels corresponding to the second azimuth angle and the second pitch angle that match the first azimuth angle and the first pitch angle of each of the group of animation frames includes: within a preset distance range between the diffuse reflective curved surface and the pixels of the pattern region in each of the group of animation frames, finding pixels which correspond to the second azimuth angle of which an angular difference between the second azimuth angle and the first azimuth angle is within a first preset angular difference range, and the second pitch angle of which an angular difference between the second pitch angle and half of the first pitch angle is within a second preset angular difference range.
  • the difference in azimuth angles becomes no longer important.
  • the azimuth angle may not be considered, and only within the preset distance range, pixels corresponding to the second pitch angle of which an angular difference between the second pitch angle and half of the first pitch angle is within the second preset angular difference range may be found.
  • the preset distance range means that the distance from the positions where the pixels of the pattern region in each of the group of animation frames are located is less than 100 ⁇ m, preferably less than 50 ⁇ m; and/or the first preset angular difference range means that the angular difference from the first azimuth angle is less than 3°, preferably less than 0.5°; and/or the second preset angular difference range means that the angular difference from half of the first pitch angle is less than 3°, preferably less than 0.5°.
  • the first preset angular difference range means that the angular difference from the first azimuth angle is less than 3°, preferably less than 0.5°
  • the second preset angular difference range means that the angular difference from half of the first pitch angle is less than 3°, preferably less than 0.5°.
  • pixels matching each pixel of the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames are found in the diffuse reflective curved surface, these matching pixels form a region corresponding to the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames.
  • the region formed in the diffuse reflective curved surface and corresponding to the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames is modified, and then a modified curved surface region is formed.
  • Modification to the curved surface region may be adding a secondary structure to the modified curved surface region, and the feature size of the secondary structure is obviously smaller than the feature size of the curved surface region, and thus the secondary structure is spread on the surface of the curved surface region along the direction of the curved surface region.
  • the feature size of the curved surface region of the diffuse reflective curved surface may be characterized by an average distance between adjacent peaks and valleys.
  • a transverse feature size of the secondary structure is 0.2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and can produce a diffraction effect or an absorption effect on visible light.
  • the absorption effect may be absorbing incident light of a specific frequency set by a grating structure of a sub-wavelength scale by means of the principle of surface plasma resonance absorption, thereby changing the color of reflected light while maintaining the original reflection direction.
  • a grating structure of a sub-wavelength scale by means of the principle of surface plasma resonance absorption, thereby changing the color of reflected light while maintaining the original reflection direction.
  • the depth of the sub-wavelength structure is relatively deep, for example, 300 nm to 700 nm, effective absorption is generated in a wider frequency set, thereby significantly reducing the brightness of reflected light in this direction, that is, the sub-wavelength structure becomes an optical absorption or optical black structure.
  • the modified curved surface region may be entirely provided with secondary structures before modification, so that while a uniform reflection light distribution is generated in the preset observation angle set ⁇ v, a specific color or brightness feature is provided. Accordingly, modification to the curved surface region may make a part or the whole of the modified curved surface region smooth. For example, the secondary structures of the modified curved surface region are removed, so as to generate specular reflection with a higher reflectivity for the whole visible light band. In an embodiment mode, at least a part of the unmodified curved surface region may be provided to be smooth or have a secondary structure.
  • the modification to the curved surface region may be making the modified curved surface region flat, so that the modified curved surface region can only reflect the incident light to a specific opposite direction. At other observation angles, the modified region does not provide or only provides little reflected light, thereby causing darker or blacker visual perception than other regions.
  • Modification to the curved surface region may be adjusting an angle of the modified curved surface region, so that the modified curved surface region reflects all light rays incident on the modified curved surface region to a direction exceeding the preset observation angle set ⁇ v.
  • the pitch angle of the curved surface region is increased and exceeds a minimum set co-determined by the direction of the incident light ⁇ 1, and ⁇ v, so that the incident light is reflected to exceed the set determined by ⁇ v.
  • the modified curved surface region does not provide or only provides little reflected light, thereby causing darker or blacker visual perception than other regions.
  • the surface on which the modified curved surface region is located or the surface opposite the surface on which the modified curved surface region is located may have a plating layer or coating layer.
  • the plating layer or coating layer includes a reflection-enhancement coating layer (in particular a metallization layer), a reflection-enhancement plating layer, a reflective ink layer, an absorption ink layer, a coating layer of a high-refractive index material, and a plating layer of a high-refractive index material.
  • the reflection-enhancement coating layer, plating layer or the reflective ink layer preferably has a color migration effect, i.e. having a color tone change in different observation angles, for example using a Fabry-Perot interference structure.
  • a reflection region and a curved surface region may also be impressed in the reflective ink layer or the absorption ink layer.
  • Modification to the curved surface region may be that the modified curved surface region forms a protrusion or a concavity compared with the surrounding unmodified curved surface region; or modification to the curved surface region may be that the thickness of the plating layer or the coating layer of the modified curved surface region is different from that of the unmodified curved surface region.
  • there is a reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the modified curved surface region while there is no reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the unmodified curved surface region; or there is no reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the modified curved surface region, while there is a reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the unmodified curved surface region.
  • Modification to the curved surface region may be serial combined use of the plurality of modification manners. For example, a concavity lower than the unmodified curved surface region is formed in the modified curved surface region, then a secondary structure is added to the concavity, and finally a reflective plating layer of the secondary structure region is removed (i.e. having a thickness different from that of the reflective plating layer of the unmodified curved surface region); or a concavity lower than the unmodified curved surface region is formed in the modified curved surface region, and color ink is filled in the concavity, and the thickness of the color ink is obviously greater than the thickness of the ink in the unmodified curved surface region.
  • Modification to the curved surface region may be parallel combined use of the plurality of modification manners. For example, a flat concavity is formed in a part of the modified curved surface region, and a secondary structure is added to another part of the modified curved surface region along an orientation of the curved surface region. Modification to the curved surface region may be re-combined use of the serial combination manner and the parallel combination manner of the modification manners.
  • the width of the modified curved surface region is 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the modified curved surface region has one or a combination of different reflected colors, different reflected brightness, or different reflected textures.
  • the modified curved surface regions collectively present patterns of animation frames, and the unmodified curved surface regions collectively present backgrounds of each of the group of animation framess.
  • the pattern region has different optical contrast from the background region, which may specifically be one or a combination of different colors, different brightness, and different textures visible by human eyes.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further provide a design method for an optical anti-counterfeiting element, the design method includes: designing a dynamic feature, wherein the dynamic feature is a group of animation frames visible at a preset observation angle set ⁇ v, and each of the group of animation frames includes a pattern region and a background region forming an optical contrast with the pattern region; designing a roughly smooth diffuse reflective curved surface for the optical anti-counterfeiting element, such that after incident light is reflected by the diffuse reflective curved surface, a roughly uniform brightness distribution is formed in a range no less than the preset observation angle set ⁇ v; modifying regions corresponding to the pattern region of each of the group of animation frames on the basis of an observation angle of each of the group of animation frames, to form modified curved surface regions, so that the modified curved surface regions and unmodified curved surface regions have different reflective properties; and when the diffuse reflective curved surface is irradiated by the incident light, the modified curved surface regions collectively presenting a pattern of the dynamic feature, and the un
  • the dynamic feature may be represented by a group of pictures generated by computer software, such as mathematical calculation software, pattern processing software, etc.
  • a bitmap having a bmp format is used, and design patterns of different colors and a common background of the patterns are reflected by grayscale values of 0-255.
  • Each of the group of pictures corresponds to visual information presented to human eyes at a specific observation angle, and is referred to as an animation frame of the designed dynamic feature.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further provide an anti-counterfeiting product using the optical anti-counterfeiting element of any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the anti-counterfeiting product may be in the forms of for example, an anti-counterfeiting thread, an anti-counterfeiting strip, an anti-counterfeiting label, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further provide a data carrier having the anti-counterfeiting element of any embodiment of the present invention or the anti-counterfeiting product of any embodiment of the present invention.
  • the anti-counterfeiting element or the anti-counterfeiting product may be arranged in an opaque region of the data carrier, and a transparent window region or a through opening in the data carrier, or above the transparent window region or through opening.
  • the data carrier may especially be a valuable document, e.g., a banknote (especially a paper banknote, a polymeric material banknote or a thin film composite banknote), stocks, warrant, certificate, ticket, check and a high-value entry ticket, but also an identification card, e.g. a credit card, a bank card, a cash card, an authorization card, a personal identity card, or personal information page of a passport, etc.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a diffuse reflection effect of a diffuse reflective curved surface region of an optical anti-counterfeiting element on incident light.
  • the plane where the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 is located is defined as an xy plane, and the diffuse reflective curved surface S is composed of a plurality of curved surface regions 3 connected smoothly.
  • smooth connection means that first derivatives of two connected surfaces are continuous, that is to say, there is no junction between the two but the two are connected, there is neither break nor broken line.
  • the curved surface regions 3 may have protrusions and concavities.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1 has a substrate 6, and the diffuse reflective curved surface S is located on one side of the substrate.
  • the substrate 6 may serve as a part of an anti-counterfeiting product formed by the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1.
  • the substrate 6 may also be removed in the anti-counterfeiting product, such as a hot stamping product, a structural layer is transferred to other carriers, and the substrate 6 does not become a part of the anti-counterfeiting product.
  • the substrate 6 does not become an essential constituent part of the optical anti-counterfeiting element 1.
  • Incident light 4 is incident to the side of the substrate 6 provided with the diffuse reflective curved surface S, and the incident light 4 forms a plurality of reflected light rays 5 in different directions through the reflection effect of the diffuse reflective curved surface S.
  • Angular for example, the angle defined by an azimuth angle and a pitch angle
  • the direction of the incident light 4 is set as a z direction, which is a direction perpendicular to the xy plane.
  • the azimuth angles of the elements of the set ⁇ v are predetermined to be 0° to 360°, and the pitch angles are predetermined to be 0° to 35°. Accordingly, an average distance between peaks and valleys of the diffuse reflective curved surface may be controlled within a range of 20 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and the longitudinal height is set to be 0 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, so that the diffuse reflective curved surface S reflects the incident light 4 to an angle set ⁇ r, and ⁇ r covers the preset observation angle set ⁇ v.
  • a finite numerical value is usually configured to represent a continuous curved surface, and thus the coverage in some embodiments of the present invention specifically means that any element in the set ⁇ v can find a corresponding element close enough thereto in ⁇ r, for example, an angle between the two does not exceed 1°.
  • a reflective smooth curved surface should include at least 3000 peaks and valleys, preferably more than 50000, so as to generate a sufficiently fine and uniform reflection light distribution.
  • Fig. 1 only shows that the diffuse reflective curved surface of the optical anti-counterfeiting element can generate a diffuse reflection effect on the incident light, and does not relate to specific dynamic features and modification manners for the curved surface regions.
  • Fig. 2 exemplifies a design manner of a periodic diffuse reflective curved surface.
  • This formula can make a smooth diffuse reflective curved surface with periodicity in both the x and y directions.
  • the pitch angle of each region of the diffuse reflective curved surface may be adjusted as a whole by adjusting the overall fluctuation height of the diffuse reflective curved surface S.
  • Both sine and cosine functions are infinitely derivable, and thus the equation S(x, y) completely satisfies the requirements of continuity and smoothness.
  • x 0 y 0 z 0 ; tan ⁇ F y / F x
  • Fig. 3 exemplifies a design manner of an aperiodic diffuse reflective curved surface.
  • a computer program is configured to generate a matrix random height matrix, and numerical values of the height matrix represent multiple scatter points on the diffuse reflective curved surface S.
  • the aperiodic diffuse reflective curved surface S is obtained.
  • the difference processing may be performed by using manners such as a bilinear interpolation, resampling by using a pixel region relationship, bicubic interpolation in a 4 ⁇ 4 pixel neighborhood, or Lanczos interpolation in an 8 ⁇ 8 pixel neighborhood; and the blurring processing may be performed by using manners such as average blur, defocus blur, motion blur, or Gaussian blur.
  • Random heights may be generated using pseudo-random numbers, which are number strings that appear random but are calculated by a deterministic algorithm, and thus in a strict sense, they are not true random numbers.
  • pseudo-random numbers are widely used, because the statistic features of pseudo-random selection (e.g. equal probability of each number or statistical independence of successive numbers) are generally sufficient to meet the requirements of practical use, and unlike true random numbers, pseudo-random numbers are easily generated by a computer.
  • a specific curved surface region of a diffusely reflected reflection region is modified, so as to generate partially differentiating reflective properties.
  • the angle of the incident light ⁇ i is set to be along the z-axis direction, Figs. 4 and 5 provide two embodiments illustrating how to determine a curved surface region to be modified.
  • Fig. 4 is an embodiment in which a curved surface region to be modified is determined according to animation frames.
  • the two tables of Fig. 4 represent pitch angles and azimuth angles of a local curved surface region, respectively.
  • the data of the pitch angles and the azimuth angles in Fig. 4 does not clearly reflect the smooth characteristic of the diffuse reflective curved surface S, which does not affect illustration of the principle of how to determine a curved surface region to be modified by using animation frames in this embodiment.
  • 71 is a pattern region of the animation frame
  • 72 is a background region of the animation frame.
  • 71 and 72 have optical contrast visible to human eyes.
  • the size of a reflection region 21 corresponding to the animation frame 7 is at least not less than the size of a region where the animation frame 7 is located, so that visual information of the animation frame 7 is completely presented. Taking any point Pv (which may also be considered as any pixel point) on the pattern region 71 as an example, a corresponding point of Pv is determined in the reflection region 21.
  • ⁇ P and ⁇ w By suitably controlling the magnitude of ⁇ P and ⁇ w, it is always possible to find a corresponding point of any point Pv in the reflection region 21, i.e. finding a curved surface region to be modified.
  • Fig. 5 is another embodiment in which a curved surface region to be modified is determined according to animation frames.
  • the two tables of Fig. 5 represent pitch angles and azimuth angles of a local curved surface region, respectively.
  • the data of the pitch angles and the azimuth angles in Fig. 5 does not clearly reflect the smooth characteristic of the curved surface S, which does not affect illustration of the principle of how to determine a curved surface region to be modified by using animation frames in this embodiment.
  • 81 is a pattern region of the animation frame 8
  • 82 is a background region of the animation frame 8.
  • the pattern region 81 and the background region 82 have an optical contrast visible to human eyes.
  • the pattern region 81 has a position change relative to the pattern region 71 in Fig. 4
  • the size of a reflection region 22 corresponding to the animation frame 8 is at least not less than the size of the region where the animation frame 8 is located, so that visual information of the animation frame 8 is completely presented.
  • a corresponding point of Pw is determined in the reflection region 22.
  • the curved surface region may be modified in multiple manners.
  • a part or the whole of a modified curved surface region 31 in Fig. 6 is modified in a particular manner to produce reflective properties different from an unmodified curved surface region 32.
  • 9 is an example of modification manners, wherein
  • modification to the curved surface region is that the modified curved surface region forms a concavity compared with the periphery (e.g., unmodified curved surface region); the depth of the concavity is selected within 0.5 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m, and is related to the width of the modified region.
  • the modification to the curved surface region may be making the modified curved surface region flat, so that the modified curved surface region can only reflect the incident light to a specific direction. At other observation angles, the modified curved surface region does not provide or only provides little reflected light, thereby causing darker or blacker visual perception than other regions.
  • modification to the curved surface region may be adding a secondary structure to the modified region, and the feature dimension of the secondary structure is obviously smaller than the size of the curved surface region, and thus the secondary structure may be spread on the surface of the curved surface region along the direction of the curved surface region.
  • a transverse feature size of the secondary structure is 0.2 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and can produce a diffraction effect or an absorption effect on visible light.
  • the absorption effect may be absorbing incident light of a specific frequency set by a grating structure of a sub-wavelength scale by means of the principle of surface plasma resonance absorption, thereby changing the color of reflected light while maintaining the original reflection direction.
  • the sub-wavelength structure becomes an optical absorption or optical black structure.
  • the modified curved surface region may be entirely provided with secondary structures before modification, so that while a uniform reflection light ray distribution is generated in the observation angle set ⁇ v, a specific color or brightness feature is provided. Accordingly, modification to the curved surface region may make the modified curved surface region smooth. That is, the secondary structures of the modified curved surface region are removed, so as to generate specular reflection with a higher reflectivity for the full band of visible light.
  • the surface on which the modified curved surface region is located or the surface opposite the surface on which the modified curved surface region is located may have a plating layer or coating layer.
  • the plating layer or coating layer includes a reflection-enhancement coating layer (in particular a metallization layer), a reflection-enhancement plating layer, a reflective ink layer, an absorption ink layer, a coating layer of a high-refractive index material, and a plating layer of a high-refractive index material.
  • the reflection-enhancement coating layer, plating layer or the reflective ink layer preferably has a color migration effect, i.e. having a color tone change in different observation angles, for example using a Fabry-Perot interference structure, e.g. a Cr(5 nm)/MgF 2 (500 nm)/AI(50 nm) structure.
  • a Fabry-Perot interference structure e.g. a Cr(5 nm)/MgF 2 (500 nm)/AI(50 nm) structure.
  • the reflection region and the curved surface region may also be impressed in the reflective ink layer or the absorption ink layer.
  • Modification to the curved surface region may be that the thickness of the plating layer or the coating layer of the modified curved surface region is different from that of the unmodified curved surface region.
  • there is a reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the modified curved surface region while there is no reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the unmodified curved surface region; or there is no reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the modified curved surface region, while there is a reflective plating layer, coating layer or ink in the unmodified curved surface region.
  • 95 represents that modification to the curved surface region may be adjusting an angle of the modified curved surface region, so that the incident light is reflected to a direction exceeding the preset observation angle set ⁇ v.
  • the pitch angle of the curved surface region is increased and exceeds a minimum set co-determined by the direction of the incident light ⁇ 1, and ⁇ v, so that the incident light may be reflected to exceed the set determined by ⁇ v.
  • the modified curved surface region does not provide or only provides few reflected light rays, thereby causing darker or blacker visual perception than other regions.
  • 96 represents that modification to the curved surface region may be serial combined use of the plurality of modification manners. For example, a concavity lower than the periphery region is formed in the modified curved surface region, then a secondary structure is added to the concavity, and finally a reflective plating layer of the secondary structure region is removed (i.e. having a thickness different from that of the unmodified curved surface region); or a concavity lower than the periphery region is formed in the modified curved surface region, and color ink is filled in the concavity, and the thickness of the color ink is obviously greater than the thickness of the ink in the unmodified curved surface region.
  • modification to the curved surface region may be parallel combined use of the plurality of modification manners.
  • a flat concavity is formed in a part of the modified curved surface region, and a secondary structure is added to another part of the modified curved surface region along an orientation of the curved surface region.
  • Modification to the curved surface region may be re-combined use of a serial combination manner and a parallel combination manner of the modification manners.
  • the modified part may be present partly or wholly within the modified curved surface region.
  • the modified part will be equal to the modified curved surface region.
  • the modified part will exist partly in the modified curved surface region.
  • the width of the modified region is 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 2 ⁇ m to 4 ⁇ m.
  • the modified curved surface region has one or a combination of different reflected colors, different reflected brightness, or different reflected textures.
  • Curved surface regions 31 and 32 of parts of the diffuse reflective curved surface S in Fig. 6 reflect the incident light 4 to directions 51 and 52, respectively.
  • Reflected light rays of the modified curved surface region 31 generate a pattern of an animation frame, that is, modified curved surface regions collectively present patterns of animation frames;
  • reflected light rays of the unmodified curved surface region 32 generate a background of the animation frame, that is, unmodified curved surface regions collectively present backgrounds of the animation frames.
  • the pattern region has different optical contrast from the background region, which may specifically be one or a combination of different colors, different brightness, and different textures visible by human eyes.
  • Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a banknote 10.
  • the banknote 10 has the optical anti-counterfeiting element of some embodiments of the present invention, and the optical anti-counterfeiting element is embedded in the banknote 10 in the form of a window anti-counterfeiting thread 101.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element can also be used in a manner of a label 102, and an open region 103 is formed in the banknotes 10, so as to facilitate light transmittance for observation.
  • some embodiments of the present invention are not limited to an anti-counterfeiting thread and a banknote, and may be used in various anti-counterfeiting products, such as in labels on goods and packages, or in anti-counterfeiting documents, identity cards, passports, credit cards, healthcare cards, and the like.
  • anti-counterfeiting threads and labels for example, wider anti-counterfeiting strips or transfer elements can also be used.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a storage medium, on which a program is stored, and the program, when executed by a processor, implements the design method for an optical anti-counterfeiting element in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a processor, the processor is used for running a program, wherein the program, when running, executes the design method for an optical anti-counterfeiting element in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an electronic device; the device includes a processor, a memory, and a program stored on the memory and running on the processor, and the program, when executed by the processor, implements the design method for an optical anti-counterfeiting element in any embodiment of the present invention.
  • Some embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer program product, which, when executed on a data processing device, is suitable for executing a program in which steps of the design method for an optical anti-counterfeiting element in any embodiment of the present invention are initialized.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of entirely hardware embodiments, entirely software embodiments or embodiments combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, a CD-ROM, an optical memory, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to a disk memory, a CD-ROM, an optical memory, etc.
  • These computer program instructions may be provided to a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that instructions executed by a processor of a computer or other programmable data processing devices generate an apparatus for realizing a designated function in one or more flows in a flowchart and/or in one or more blocks in a block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing devices to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufacture comprising an instruction apparatus, the instruction apparatus implementing functions specified in one or more flows of a flowchart and/or one or more blocks of a block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing devices, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable devices to generate processing implemented by the computer, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable data processing devices provide steps for implementing functions specified in one or more flows in the flowchart and/or one or more blocks in the block diagram.
  • a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), an input/output interface, a network interface, and a memory.
  • the memory includes forms such as a non-permanent memory, a random access memory (RAM), and/or a non-transitory memory such as a read-only memory (ROM) or a flash RAM, in a computer-readable medium.
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • flash RAM flash RAM
  • the computer-readable medium comprising both permanent and non-permanent, and removable and non-removable medium, may achieve information storage by any method or technology.
  • the information may be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data.
  • Examples of the computer storage medium include but are not limited to, phase change access memory (PRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), other types of random-access memories (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission media, which may be configured to store information that may be accessed by the computing device.
  • the computer-readable media do not include transitory computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carriers.

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EP22794222.4A 2021-04-25 2022-01-25 Élément anti-contrefaçon optique, son procédé de conception et produit anti-contrefaçon Pending EP4331857A1 (fr)

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