EP4331083A1 - Stator of an electric machine - Google Patents

Stator of an electric machine

Info

Publication number
EP4331083A1
EP4331083A1 EP22718886.9A EP22718886A EP4331083A1 EP 4331083 A1 EP4331083 A1 EP 4331083A1 EP 22718886 A EP22718886 A EP 22718886A EP 4331083 A1 EP4331083 A1 EP 4331083A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stator
conductor
laminations
slot
conductor bundle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22718886.9A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Felix BENSING
Daniel Gremmel
Daniel Kuehbacher
Bastian Vogt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP4331083A1 publication Critical patent/EP4331083A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/24—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors with channels or ducts for cooling medium between the conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/0056—Manufacturing winding connections
    • H02K15/0068—Connecting winding sections; Forming leads; Connecting leads to terminals
    • H02K15/0081—Connecting winding sections; Forming leads; Connecting leads to terminals for form-wound windings
    • H02K15/0087—Connecting winding sections; Forming leads; Connecting leads to terminals for form-wound windings characterised by the method or apparatus for simultaneously twisting a plurality of hairpins open ends after insertion into the machine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/34—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H02K3/345—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation between conductors or between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation between conductor and core, e.g. slot insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
    • H02K3/48—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure in slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/12—Machines characterised by the modularity of some components

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a stator of an electrical machine according to the species of the main claim.
  • stator of an electrical machine from DE102019113785 Al known, with a stator axis and with a laminated core, are formed on the stator teeth and stator slots lying between the stator teeth and which comprises a plurality of laminations, the stator teeth having an annular
  • stator yoke are connected to one another, with a conductor bundle comprising a plurality of conductors and formed by a stack of flat-wire conductors being provided in each of the stator slots to form an electrical stator winding, with a plurality of supporting points spaced apart from one another in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis in each case for clamping the in conductor or conductor bundle lying in the respective stator slot, at least one slot gap being formed between the walls of the respective stator slot and the conductor or conductor bundle arranged in the stator slot, which slot gap forms a slot gap channel extending in the axial direction, through which a cooling medium can flow .
  • the support points are each formed on a special lamina of the laminated core, referred to as a clamping stator lamination, in that a clamping contour comprising a plurality of clamping projections is provided in each case.
  • the special laminations differ from the other laminations of the laminated core.
  • the bundles of conductors must each be pushed into the stator slots in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis and, in doing so, must be moved through the clamping clamping contours under the effect of clamping forces.
  • the conductor bundles in particular their electrical insulation, can be damaged in the process.
  • the stator according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the support points can be produced without special laminations and the conductor bundles can be inserted into the stator slots during assembly without clamping forces. In this way, the manufacturing cost of the stator is reduced. In addition, damage to the conductor bundles when inserting the conductor bundles into the respective stator slots is avoided. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the support points are each formed by twisting individual or multiple laminations of the laminated core, in particular a group or multiple groups of laminations.
  • the respective support point is formed by at least two laminations, in particular by two groups of laminations, which are rotated in opposite directions by a specific angle of rotation about the stator axis. In this way, the conductor or the conductor bundle of the respective stator slot is clamped at the respective support point between two tooth flanks.
  • Protrude Statornut to clamp the conductor or the conductor bundle between the support sections on clamping surfaces of the conductor or conductor bundle.
  • Each support point is thus formed by at least two support sections, which protrude into the stator slot from opposite sides of the respective stator slot and clamp the conductor or the conductor bundle. In this way it is possible to mount the conductor or the conductor bundle centrally or centrically in the respective stator slot in the circumferential direction with respect to the stator axis.
  • the twisted laminations and the non-twisted laminations are identical, for example, so that the laminated core can be formed from a stack of the same or identical laminations and, in contrast to DE102019113785 A1, does not require a special lamina to form the support points.
  • the conductor or the conductor bundle of the respective stator slot has at least one raised, in particular electrically non-conductive protective layer, at least on the clamping surfaces of the respective support point, which is designed in particular in the form of a collar, sleeve, hose, clamp, U, strip or flat strip is.
  • the conductors or conductor bundles are protected against mechanical damage caused by being jammed between the protruding support sections of the laminations. For example, punched edges or burrs of the twisted laminations could damage the paint insulation on the conductors.
  • a so-called slot insulation can be achieved by the electrically non-conductive protective layer. The time-consuming task of inserting a separate slot insulation, for example insulating paper, into the stator slots can thus be dispensed with.
  • the respective slot gap channel is interrupted or narrowed at the support points, with additional passages being provided in the sheet metal laminations and/or in the protective layer and/or in the conductor or conductor bundle and/or between the conductors of the conductor bundle for elimination or reduction of the respective interruption or narrowing.
  • the support points are designed in such a way that the cooling medium can flow through or around them in the slot gap channel.
  • the pressure loss during the flow through the respective stator slot is kept low. It is also advantageous if the respective stator slot can be continuously flowed through in the axial direction, since particularly low pressure losses can be achieved in this way when the oil is cooling the stator.
  • the twisted laminations in the laminated core are fixed against further twisting, in particular by materially joining laminations, in particular welding.
  • the laminations of the laminated core are welded together. In this way, the support points in the laminated core are secured against further unintentional twisting, so that a stable and durable mounting of the conductors or conductor bundles in the laminated core is achieved.
  • the invention further relates to an electrical machine with a housing in which a stator according to the invention is arranged, the stator winding forming a winding head on each end face of the stator, with a winding head cooling space accommodating the respective winding head inside the housing on each end face of the stator for cooling the respective Winding overhang is provided, wherein the stator slots can flow through starting from one of the two winding overhang cooling spaces to the other winding overhang cooling space. In this way, a particularly good cooling of the stator can be achieved.
  • the respective end winding cooling space is delimited radially inwards with respect to the stator axis by an annular wall, in particular a sealing sleeve.
  • the respective end winding cooling space can be sealed radially inwards.
  • Fig.l shows a partial view of a stator of an electrical machine according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the stator according to FIG.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of a support point according to the invention according to FIG. 4 shows a view of a conductor bundle of the stator according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 with protective layers according to the invention for mounting the conductor bundle according to the invention in the respective stator slot,
  • Fig.5 is a sectional view of the stator for a section along the line V-V of Fig.2,
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the stator for a section along the line VI-VI according to FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial view of an electrical machine with the stator according to the invention according to FIG. 1 to FIG.
  • Fig.l shows a partial view of a stator of an electrical machine according to the invention.
  • the stator 1 of an electrical machine has a stator axis 2 and comprises a laminated core 3 on which the stator teeth 4 and stator slots 5 located between the stator teeth 4 are formed and which is formed by a stack of laminations 6 .
  • stator teeth 4 are connected to one another via an annular stator yoke 7 of the laminated core 3 and can have a tooth tip 4.1.
  • Either a single conductor 9 or a conductor bundle 10 comprising a plurality of conductors 9 can be provided in the stator slots 5 in order to form an electrical stator winding 8 .
  • a conductor bundle 10 is shown in only one of the stator slots 5 in FIG.
  • the conductors 9 of the stator 1 can each be embodied as flat-wire conductors, each of which has a quadrangular, in particular rectangular conductor cross-section. Furthermore, the conductors 9 of the stator 1 can each be designed as a hairpin or as an I-pin conductor element.
  • the conductors 9 are, for example, coated with an insulating varnish in a known manner.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the stator according to FIG.
  • several, for example three, support points 11, spaced apart from one another in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis 2, are formed in the stator slots 5 for clamping, clamping or supporting the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 lying in the respective stator slot 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows a view of a support point according to the invention according to FIG.
  • the support points 11 are each formed by twisting individual or multiple laminations 6 of the laminated core 3, for example each of a group 12 or multiple groups 12 of adjacent laminations 6.
  • the twisted laminations 6 are used to form a single one of the Support points 11 are twisted about the stator axis 2 in relation to the remaining laminations 6 of the laminated core 3, for example by a specific twisting angle f.
  • the respective support point 11 is formed by at least two laminations 6, in particular by two groups 12 of laminations 6, which are twisted in opposite directions by the specific twisting angle f about the stator axis 2.
  • the laminations 6 of a first group 12 are divided into two subgroups 12.1 spaced apart in the axial direction by the laminations 6 of a second group 12, with the second group being arranged between the two subgroups 12.1 of the first group 12 of laminations 6.
  • the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 of the respective stator slot 5 are mounted in a freely floating manner, ie without contact with the laminated core 3 .
  • the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 of the respective stator slot 5 is therefore only in contact with the laminated core 6 at the support points 11 .
  • the twisted laminations 6 have, for example, the same recesses for forming the stator slots 5 as the untwisted laminations 6.
  • the twisted laminations 6 and the untwisted laminations 6 are designed identically, for example, so that the laminated core 3 consists of a stack of identical or identical laminations 6 is formed and no special lamella for the formation of the support points 11 is required.
  • support sections 6.1 of the laminations 6 are formed, which protrude from opposite sides of the stator slot 5 into the respective stator slot 5, around the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 between the support sections 6.1 Pinch clamping surfaces 13 of the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 .
  • the twisted laminations 6 can be fixed in the laminations 3 against further twisting, for example by cohesively joining laminations 6.
  • the laminations 6 of the lamination stack 3 are welded together, so that stable and durable support points 11 are formed in the lamination stack 3.
  • the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 of the respective stator slot 5 has, at least on the clamping surfaces 13 of the respective support point 11, at least one protective layer 14 which is raised relative to the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 and is, for example, electrically non-conductive and can be, for example, sleeve-shaped, sleeve-shaped, tubular, clamp-shaped , U-shaped, strip-shaped or flat strip-shaped.
  • the raised protective layer 14 can only be implemented on the clamping surfaces 13 or can enclose the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 at least in sections beyond the clamping surfaces 13, for example enclosing it once or several times.
  • the protective layer 14 can be a separate part or an additional layer applied to the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10, in particular a spraying or coating.
  • the protective layer 14 is designed as a fully enclosing collar or sleeve.
  • stator 1 The following steps are carried out to produce the stator 1 according to the invention: a. Stacking the laminations 6 to form the laminated core 3, b. Axial insertion of the conductors 9 or the conductor bundles 10, which are in particular provided with protective layers 14, into the respective stator slots 5, c. Twisting according to the invention of one or more laminations 6 of the laminated core 3, in particular of a group 12 or of several groups 12 of adjacent laminations 6, to form several support points 11 per stator slot 5, i.e. Fixing the twisted laminations 6 in the laminations 3 against further twisting, in particular by cohesive joining, for example welding, of the laminations 6 of the lamination stack 3 to form a torsionally stiff lamination stack 3, e. Crossing conductor ends of the conductors 9 and connecting the conductors 9 to the stator winding 8.
  • FIG. 4 shows a view of a conductor bundle of the stator according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 with protective layers according to the invention for mounting the conductor bundle according to the invention in the respective stator slot.
  • FIG. 4 it can be provided that several protective layers 14 of the same conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10, for example several collars or sleeves, are connected to one another via a web 15 running in the direction of the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10, for example to form a one-piece or two-part component.
  • the web 15 can be arranged in the respective stator slot 5 in a slot slot 5.2 formed between the tooth tips 4.1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of the stator for a section between two support points along the line V-V according to FIG.
  • the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 is mounted centrally in the respective stator slot 5 in such a way that three slot gaps 19 are formed in the stator slot 5 outside the support points 11, namely two slot gaps 19 on the tooth flanks 4.2 of the respective stator slot 5 and one slot gap 19 at a slot base 5.1.
  • the cross section of the slot gap channel 20 in the respective stator slot 5 is U-shaped.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the stator for a section through a support point along the line VI-VI according to FIG.
  • the slot gap channel 20 of the respective stator slot 5 is interrupted or narrowed at the support points 11 in each case. Therefore, additional passages 21 in the sheet metal laminations 6 and/or in the protective layer 14 and/or in the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 and/or provided between the conductors 9 of the conductor bundle 10 to eliminate or reduce the respective interruption or constriction.
  • FIG. 6 different variants of the passages 21 are shown in the stator slots 5 by way of example.
  • the passages 21 are provided at each support point 11 of the respective stator slot 5, so that the respective stator slot 5 can be continuously flowed through in the axial direction.
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial view of an electrical machine with the stator according to the invention according to FIG. 1 to FIG.
  • the electrical machine 23 has a housing 24 in which a stator 1 according to the invention is arranged.
  • the stator winding 8 forms a winding overhang 8.1 on each end face of the stator 1.
  • the stator slots 5 of the stator 1 can flow through, starting from one of the two winding overhang cooling chambers 25 to the other winding overhang cooling chamber 25, for example in parallel, in series or with a combination of parallel and in series.
  • the respective end winding cooling space 25 is delimited radially inwards with respect to the stator axis 2 by an annular wall 26, for example a sealing sleeve.
  • the sealing sleeve 26 can, for example, reach into an air gap formed between the stator 1 and a rotor 27 of the electrical machine 23 to form what is known as a can and protrude through this in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis 2 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (1) of an electric machine (23) having a stator axis (2) and having a laminated core (3) on which stator teeth (4) and stator slots (5) located between the stator teeth (4) are formed and which has a large number of laminations (6), wherein the stator teeth (4) are interconnected via an annular stator yoke (7), wherein a single conductor (9) or a conductor bundle (10) comprising a plurality of conductors (9), in particular a stack of flat-wire conductors, is provided in each of the stator slots (5) in order to form an electrical stator winding (8), wherein a plurality of support points (11) which are spaced apart from one another in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis (2) are formed in each of the stator slots (5) in order to clamp the conductor (9) or conductor bundle (10) in each stator slot (5), wherein at least one slot gap (19) is formed between the walls (4.2, 5.1) of each stator slot (5) and the conductor or conductor bundle (9, 10) arranged in the stator slot (5), which slot gap forms a slot gap channel (20) which extends in the axial direction and through which a cooling medium, in particular oil, can flow, characterised in that the support points (11) are each formed by twisting individual or a plurality of laminations (6) of the laminated core (3), in particular a group (12) or a plurality of groups (12) of laminations (6).

Description

Beschreibung Titel Description title
Stator einer elektrischen Maschine Stator of an electrical machine
Stand der Technik Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Stator einer elektrischen Maschine nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. PRIOR ART The invention is based on a stator of an electrical machine according to the species of the main claim.
Es ist schon ein Stator einer elektrischen Maschine aus der DE102019113785 Al bekannt, mit einer Statorachse und mit einem Blechpaket, an dem Statorzähne und zwischen den Statorzähnen liegende Statornuten ausgebildet sind und das eine Vielzahl von Blechlamellen umfasst, wobei die Statorzähne über ein ringförmigesIt is already a stator of an electrical machine from DE102019113785 Al known, with a stator axis and with a laminated core, are formed on the stator teeth and stator slots lying between the stator teeth and which comprises a plurality of laminations, the stator teeth having an annular
Statorjoch miteinander verbunden sind, wobei in den Statornuten jeweils ein mehrere Leiter umfassendes und durch einen Stapel von Flachdrahtleitern gebildetes Leiterbündel zur Bildung einer elektrischen Statorwicklung vorgesehen ist, wobei in den Statornuten jeweils mehrere, in axialer Richtung bezüglich der Statorachse voneinander beabstandete Stützstellen zur Einklemmung des in der jeweiligen Statornut liegenden Leiters bzw. Leiterbündels gebildet sind, wobei zwischen den Wandungen der jeweiligen Statornut und dem in der Statornut angeordneten Leiter bzw. Leiterbündel zumindest ein Nutspalt gebildet ist, der einen sich in axialer Richtung erstreckenden Nutspaltkanal bildet, der von einem Kühlmedium durchströmbar ist. Die Stützstellen sind jeweils an einer als Klemmstatorblech bezeichneten Sonderlamelle des Blechpakets ausgebildet, indem jeweils eine Klemmkontur umfassend mehrere Klemmvorsprünge vorgesehen ist. Die Sonderlamellen unterscheiden sich gegenüber den übrigen Blechlamellen des Blechpakets. Die Leiterbündel müssen jeweils in axialer Richtung bezüglich der Statorachse in die Statornuten eingeschoben und dabei unter der Wirkung von Klemmkräften durch die klemmenden Klemmkonturen hindurch bewegt werden. Dabei können die Leiterbündel, insbesondere deren elektrische Isolation, beschädigt werden. Vorteile der Erfindung stator yoke are connected to one another, with a conductor bundle comprising a plurality of conductors and formed by a stack of flat-wire conductors being provided in each of the stator slots to form an electrical stator winding, with a plurality of supporting points spaced apart from one another in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis in each case for clamping the in conductor or conductor bundle lying in the respective stator slot, at least one slot gap being formed between the walls of the respective stator slot and the conductor or conductor bundle arranged in the stator slot, which slot gap forms a slot gap channel extending in the axial direction, through which a cooling medium can flow . The support points are each formed on a special lamina of the laminated core, referred to as a clamping stator lamination, in that a clamping contour comprising a plurality of clamping projections is provided in each case. The special laminations differ from the other laminations of the laminated core. The bundles of conductors must each be pushed into the stator slots in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis and, in doing so, must be moved through the clamping clamping contours under the effect of clamping forces. The conductor bundles, in particular their electrical insulation, can be damaged in the process. Advantages of the Invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Stator mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, dass die Stützstellen ohne Sonderlamellen erzeugbar und die Leiterbündel bei der Montage ohne Klemmkräfte in die Statornuten einführbar sind. Auf diese Weise werden die Herstellungskosten des Stators verringert. Außerdem werden Beschädigungen der Leiterbündel beim Einführen der Leiterbündel in die jeweiligen Statornuten vermieden. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß erreicht, indem die Stützstellen jeweils durch das Verdrehen von einzelnen oder mehreren Blechlamellen des Blechpaketes, insbesondere von einer Gruppe oder von mehreren Gruppen von Blechlamellen, gebildet sind. The stator according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the support points can be produced without special laminations and the conductor bundles can be inserted into the stator slots during assembly without clamping forces. In this way, the manufacturing cost of the stator is reduced. In addition, damage to the conductor bundles when inserting the conductor bundles into the respective stator slots is avoided. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the support points are each formed by twisting individual or multiple laminations of the laminated core, in particular a group or multiple groups of laminations.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Stators möglich. Advantageous developments and improvements of the stator specified in the main claim are possible as a result of the measures listed in the subclaims.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn die jeweilige Stützstelle gebildet ist durch zumindest zwei Blechlamellen, insbesondere durch zwei Gruppen von Blechlamellen, die in entgegengesetzter Richtung um einen bestimmten Verdrehwinkel um die Statorachse verdreht sind. Auf diese Weise wird der Leiter bzw. das Leiterbündel der jeweiligen Statornut an der jeweiligen Stützstelle zwischen zwei Zahnflanken eingeklemmt. It is particularly advantageous if the respective support point is formed by at least two laminations, in particular by two groups of laminations, which are rotated in opposite directions by a specific angle of rotation about the stator axis. In this way, the conductor or the conductor bundle of the respective stator slot is clamped at the respective support point between two tooth flanks.
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist, wenn durch das entgegengesetzte Verdrehen der Blechlamellen zur Bildung der jeweiligen Stützstelle Stützabschnitte der Blechlamellen gebildet sind, die von gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Statornut in die jeweiligeIt is also advantageous if, by twisting the laminations in opposite directions to form the respective support point, support sections of the laminations are formed, which extend from opposite sides of the stator slot into the respective
Statornut vorstehen, um den Leiter bzw. das Leiterbündel zwischen den Stützabschnitten an Klemmflächen des Leiters bzw. Leiterbündels einzuklemmen. Jede Stützstelle wird somit durch zumindest zwei Stützabschnitte gebildet, die von gegenüberliegenden Seiten der jeweiligen Statornut in die Statornut vorstehen und den Leiter bzw. das Leiterbündel einklemmen. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, den Leiter bzw. das Leiterbündel in Umfangsrichtung bezüglich der Statorachse mittig oder zentrisch in der jeweiligen Statornut zu lagern. Protrude Statornut to clamp the conductor or the conductor bundle between the support sections on clamping surfaces of the conductor or conductor bundle. Each support point is thus formed by at least two support sections, which protrude into the stator slot from opposite sides of the respective stator slot and clamp the conductor or the conductor bundle. In this way it is possible to mount the conductor or the conductor bundle centrally or centrically in the respective stator slot in the circumferential direction with respect to the stator axis.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist, wenn die verdrehten Blechlamellen die gleichen Ausnehmungen zur Bildung der Statornuten aufweisen wie die nicht-verdrehtenIt is particularly advantageous if the twisted laminations have the same recesses for forming the stator slots as the non-twisted ones
Blechlamellen. Die verdrehten Blechlamellen und die nicht-verdrehten Blechlamellen sind beispielsweise identisch, so dass das Blechpaket aus einem Stapel von gleichen bzw. identischen Blechlamellen gebildet werden kann und im Gegensatz zur DE102019113785 Al keine Sonderlamelle zur Bildung der Stützstellen benötigt. sheet metal slats. The twisted laminations and the non-twisted laminations are identical, for example, so that the laminated core can be formed from a stack of the same or identical laminations and, in contrast to DE102019113785 A1, does not require a special lamina to form the support points.
Sehr vorteilhaft ist es, wenn der Leiter bzw. das Leiterbündel der jeweiligen Statornut zumindest an den Klemmflächen der jeweiligen Stützstelle zumindest eine erhabene, insbesondere elektrisch nichtleitende Schutzschicht aufweist, die insbesondere manschettenförmig, hülsenförmig, schlauchförmig, klammerförmig, U-förmig, streifenförmig oder flachbandförmig ausgebildet ist. Auf diese Weise werden die Leiter bzw. Leiterbündel vor einer mechanischen Beschädigung durch das Einklemmen zwischen den vorstehenden Stützabschnitten der Blechlamellen geschützt. Beispielsweise könnten Stanzkanten oder -grate der verdrehten Blechlamellen eine Lackisolierung der Leiter beschädigen. Insbesondere kann durch die elektrisch nichtleitende Schutzschicht eine sogenannte Nutisolation erreicht werden. Das aufwendige Einlegen einer separaten Nutisolation, beispielsweise eines Isolationspapiers, in die Statornuten kann dadurch entfallen. It is very advantageous if the conductor or the conductor bundle of the respective stator slot has at least one raised, in particular electrically non-conductive protective layer, at least on the clamping surfaces of the respective support point, which is designed in particular in the form of a collar, sleeve, hose, clamp, U, strip or flat strip is. In this way, the conductors or conductor bundles are protected against mechanical damage caused by being jammed between the protruding support sections of the laminations. For example, punched edges or burrs of the twisted laminations could damage the paint insulation on the conductors. In particular, a so-called slot insulation can be achieved by the electrically non-conductive protective layer. The time-consuming task of inserting a separate slot insulation, for example insulating paper, into the stator slots can thus be dispensed with.
Darüber hinaus vorteilhaft ist, wenn mehrere Schutzschichten desselben Leiters bzw. Leiterbündels, insbesondere Manschetten oder Hülsen, über einen in Richtung des Leiters bzw. Leiterbündels verlaufenden Steg miteinander verbunden sind, insbesondere zu einem einteiligen oder zweiteiligen Bauteil. Auf diese Weise können die Schutzschichten an dem Leiter bzw. Leiterbündel besonders einfach hergestellt oder befestigt werden. Das einteilige oder zweiteilige Bauteil dient der sogenannten Nutisolation und stellt außerdem einen Strömungsquerschnitt für den Nutspaltkanal bereit. Das aufwendige Einlegen einer separaten Nutisolation, beispielsweise eines Isolationspapiers, in die Statornuten kann dadurch entfallen. It is also advantageous if several protective layers of the same conductor or conductor bundle, in particular sleeves or sleeves, are connected to one another via a web running in the direction of the conductor or conductor bundle, in particular to form a one-piece or two-piece component. In this way, the protective layers can be produced or attached to the conductor or conductor bundle in a particularly simple manner. The one-piece or two-piece component is used for so-called slot insulation and also provides a flow cross section for the slot gap channel. The time-consuming task of inserting a separate slot insulation, for example insulating paper, into the stator slots can thus be dispensed with.
Vorteilhaft ist, wenn der jeweilige Nutspaltkanal an den Stützstellen unterbrochen oder verengt ist, wobei zusätzliche Durchlässe in den Blechlamellen und/oder in der Schutzschicht und/oder in dem Leiter bzw. Leiterbündel und/oder zwischen den Leitern des Leiterbündels vorgesehen sind zur Aufhebung oder Verringerung der jeweiligen Unterbrechung oder Verengung. Auf diese Weise werden die Stützstellen derart ausgeführt, dass sie im Nutspaltkanal für das Kühlmedium durchströmbar oder umströmbar sind. Außerdem wird dadurch der Druckverlust bei der Durchströmung der jeweiligen Statornut gering gehalten. Außerdem vorteilhaft ist, wenn die jeweilige Statornut in axialer Richtung durchgängig durchströmbar ist, da auf diese Weise besonders geringe Druckverluste bei der Ölkühlung des Stators erreichbar sind. It is advantageous if the respective slot gap channel is interrupted or narrowed at the support points, with additional passages being provided in the sheet metal laminations and/or in the protective layer and/or in the conductor or conductor bundle and/or between the conductors of the conductor bundle for elimination or reduction of the respective interruption or narrowing. In this way, the support points are designed in such a way that the cooling medium can flow through or around them in the slot gap channel. In addition, the pressure loss during the flow through the respective stator slot is kept low. It is also advantageous if the respective stator slot can be continuously flowed through in the axial direction, since particularly low pressure losses can be achieved in this way when the oil is cooling the stator.
Auch vorteilhaft ist, wenn die verdrehten Blechlamellen im Blechpaket gegen weiteres Verdrehen fixiert sind, insbesondere durch stoffschlüssiges Fügen von Blechlamellen, insbesondere Schweißen. Beispielsweise sind die Blechlamellen des Blechpaketes miteinander verschweißt. Auf diese Weise werden die Stützstellen im Blechpaket gegen ungewolltes weiteres Verdrehen gesichert, so dass eine stabile und dauerhaltbare Lagerung der Leiter bzw. Leiterbündel im Blechpaket erreicht ist. It is also advantageous if the twisted laminations in the laminated core are fixed against further twisting, in particular by materially joining laminations, in particular welding. For example, the laminations of the laminated core are welded together. In this way, the support points in the laminated core are secured against further unintentional twisting, so that a stable and durable mounting of the conductors or conductor bundles in the laminated core is achieved.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine elektrische Maschine mit einem Gehäuse, in dem ein erfindungsgemäßer Stator angeordnet ist, wobei die Statorwicklung an jeder Stirnseite des Stators einen Wickelkopf bildet, wobei innerhalb des Gehäuses an jeder Stirnseite des Stators ein den jeweiligen Wickelkopf aufnehmender Wickelkopfkühlraum zur Kühlung des jeweiligen Wickelkopfes vorgesehen ist, wobei die Statornuten ausgehend von einem der beiden Wickelkopfkühlräume bis in den anderen Wickelkopfkühlraum durchströmbar sind. Auf diese Weise kann eine besonders gute Kühlung des Stators erreicht werden. The invention further relates to an electrical machine with a housing in which a stator according to the invention is arranged, the stator winding forming a winding head on each end face of the stator, with a winding head cooling space accommodating the respective winding head inside the housing on each end face of the stator for cooling the respective Winding overhang is provided, wherein the stator slots can flow through starting from one of the two winding overhang cooling spaces to the other winding overhang cooling space. In this way, a particularly good cooling of the stator can be achieved.
In vorteilhafter Weise wird der jeweilige Wickelkopfkühlraum nach radial innen bezüglich der Statorachse von einer Ringwandung, insbesondere einer Dichthülse, begrenzt. Auf diese Weise kann der jeweilige Wickelkopfkühlraum nach radial innen abgedichtet werden. Advantageously, the respective end winding cooling space is delimited radially inwards with respect to the stator axis by an annular wall, in particular a sealing sleeve. In this way, the respective end winding cooling space can be sealed radially inwards.
Zeichnung drawing
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. An embodiment of the invention is shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description.
Fig.l zeigt eine Teilansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Stators einer elektrischen Maschine, Fig.l shows a partial view of a stator of an electrical machine according to the invention,
Fig.2 eine Schnittansicht des Stators nach Fig.l mit einem erfindungsgemäß in einer der Statornuten an mehreren Stützstellen gelagerten Leiterbündel,2 shows a sectional view of the stator according to FIG.
Fig.3 eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Stützstelle nach Fig.2, Fig.4 eine Ansicht eines Leiterbündels des Stators nach Fig.l bis Fig.3 mit erfindungsgemäßen Schutzschichten zur erfindungsgemäßen Lagerung des Leiterbündels in der jeweiligen Statornut, 3 shows a view of a support point according to the invention according to FIG. 4 shows a view of a conductor bundle of the stator according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 with protective layers according to the invention for mounting the conductor bundle according to the invention in the respective stator slot,
Fig.5 eine Schnittansicht des Stators für einen Schnitt entlang der Linie V-V nach Fig.2, Fig.5 is a sectional view of the stator for a section along the line V-V of Fig.2,
Fig.6 eine Schnittansicht des Stators für einen Schnitt entlang der Linie Vl-Vl nach Fig.2 und 6 shows a sectional view of the stator for a section along the line VI-VI according to FIG
Fig.7 eine Teilansicht einer elektrischen Maschine mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stator nach Fig.l bis Fig.6. 7 shows a partial view of an electrical machine with the stator according to the invention according to FIG. 1 to FIG.
Beschreibung des Ausführungsbeispiels Description of the embodiment
Fig.l zeigt eine Teilansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Stators einer elektrischen Maschine. Fig.l shows a partial view of a stator of an electrical machine according to the invention.
Der Stator 1 einer elektrischen Maschine hat eine Statorachse 2 und umfasst ein Blechpaket 3, an dem Statorzähne 4 und zwischen den Statorzähnen 4 liegende Statornuten 5 ausgebildet sind und das durch einen Stapel von Blechlamellen 6 gebildet ist. The stator 1 of an electrical machine has a stator axis 2 and comprises a laminated core 3 on which the stator teeth 4 and stator slots 5 located between the stator teeth 4 are formed and which is formed by a stack of laminations 6 .
Die Statorzähne 4 sind über ein ringförmiges Statorjoch 7 des Blechpakets 3 miteinander verbunden und können einen Zahnkopf 4.1 aufweisen. In den Statornuten 5 kann jeweils entweder ein einziger Leiter 9 oder ein mehrere Leiter 9 umfassendes Leiterbündel 10 zur Bildung einer elektrischen Statorwicklung 8 vorgesehen sein. Zur Veranschaulichung der Erfindung ist in Fig.l nur in einer der Statornuten 5 ein Leiterbündel 10 dargestellt. The stator teeth 4 are connected to one another via an annular stator yoke 7 of the laminated core 3 and can have a tooth tip 4.1. Either a single conductor 9 or a conductor bundle 10 comprising a plurality of conductors 9 can be provided in the stator slots 5 in order to form an electrical stator winding 8 . To illustrate the invention, a conductor bundle 10 is shown in only one of the stator slots 5 in FIG.
Die Leiter 9 des Stators 1 können jeweils als Flachdrahtleiter ausgeführt sein, der jeweils einen viereckigen, insbesondere rechteckförmigen Leiterquerschnitt aufweist. Weiterhin können die Leiter 9 des Stators 1 jeweils als Hairpin- oder als I-Pin- Leiterelement ausgebildet sein. Die Leiter 9 sind beispielsweise in bekannter Weise mit einem Isolierlack beschichtet. The conductors 9 of the stator 1 can each be embodied as flat-wire conductors, each of which has a quadrangular, in particular rectangular conductor cross-section. Furthermore, the conductors 9 of the stator 1 can each be designed as a hairpin or as an I-pin conductor element. The conductors 9 are, for example, coated with an insulating varnish in a known manner.
Fig.2 zeigt eine Schnittansicht des Stators nach Fig.l mit einem erfindungsgemäß in einer der Statornuten an mehreren Stützstellen gelagerten Leiterbündel. Wie in Fig.2 gezeigt, sind in den Statornuten 5 jeweils mehrere, beispielsweise drei, in axialer Richtung bezüglich der Statorachse 2 voneinander beabstandete Stützstellen 11 zur Einklemmung, Einspannung oder Abstützung des in der jeweiligen Statornut 5 liegenden Leiters 9 bzw. Leiterbündels 10 gebildet. FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the stator according to FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, several, for example three, support points 11, spaced apart from one another in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis 2, are formed in the stator slots 5 for clamping, clamping or supporting the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 lying in the respective stator slot 5.
Fig.3 zeigt eine Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Stützstelle nach Fig.2. FIG. 3 shows a view of a support point according to the invention according to FIG.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Stützstellen 11 jeweils durch das Verdrehen von einzelnen oder mehreren Blechlamellen 6 des Blechpaketes 3 gebildet sind, beispielsweise jeweils von einer Gruppe 12 oder von mehreren Gruppen 12 von benachbarten Blechlamellen 6. Die verdrehten Blechlamellen 6 sind zur Bildung einer einzelnen der Stützstellen 11 gegenüber den übrigen Blechlamellen 6 des Blechpaketes 3 um die Statorachse 2 verdreht, beispielsweise um einen bestimmten Verdrehwinkel f. According to the invention, it is provided that the support points 11 are each formed by twisting individual or multiple laminations 6 of the laminated core 3, for example each of a group 12 or multiple groups 12 of adjacent laminations 6. The twisted laminations 6 are used to form a single one of the Support points 11 are twisted about the stator axis 2 in relation to the remaining laminations 6 of the laminated core 3, for example by a specific twisting angle f.
Die jeweilige Stützstelle 11 ist gebildet durch zumindest zwei Blechlamellen 6, insbesondere durch zwei Gruppen 12 von Blechlamellen 6, die in entgegengesetzter Richtung um den bestimmten Verdrehwinkel f um die Statorachse 2 verdreht sind. Nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Blechlamellen 6 einer ersten Gruppe 12 durch die Blechlamellen 6 einer zweiten Gruppe 12 in zwei in axialer Richtung beabstandete Teilgruppen 12.1 geteilt, wobei die zweite Gruppe zwischen den beiden Teilgruppen 12.1 der ersten Gruppe 12 von Blechlamellen 6 angeordnet ist. The respective support point 11 is formed by at least two laminations 6, in particular by two groups 12 of laminations 6, which are twisted in opposite directions by the specific twisting angle f about the stator axis 2. According to the exemplary embodiment, the laminations 6 of a first group 12 are divided into two subgroups 12.1 spaced apart in the axial direction by the laminations 6 of a second group 12, with the second group being arranged between the two subgroups 12.1 of the first group 12 of laminations 6.
Zwischen den erfindungsgemäßen Stützstellen 11 sind der Leiter 9 bzw. das Leiterbündel 10 der jeweiligen Statornut 5 frei schwebend, also ohne Kontakt zum Blechpaket 3, gelagert. Der Leiter 9 bzw. das Leiterbündel 10 der jeweiligen Statornut 5 ist also nur an den Stützstellen 11 mit dem Blechpaket 6 in Kontakt. Between the support points 11 according to the invention, the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 of the respective stator slot 5 are mounted in a freely floating manner, ie without contact with the laminated core 3 . The conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 of the respective stator slot 5 is therefore only in contact with the laminated core 6 at the support points 11 .
Die verdrehten Blechlamellen 6 haben beispielsweise die gleichen Ausnehmungen zur Bildung der Statornuten 5 wie die nicht-verdrehten Blechlamellen 6. Die verdrehten Blechlamellen 6 und die nicht-verdrehten Blechlamellen 6 sind beispielsweise identisch ausgeführt, so dass das Blechpaket 3 aus einem Stapel von gleichen bzw. identischen Blechlamellen 6 gebildet ist und keine Sonderlamelle zur Bildung der Stützstellen 11 benötigt. Durch das entgegengesetzte Verdrehen der Blechlamellen 6 zur Bildung der jeweiligen Stützstelle 11 werden Stützabschnitte 6.1 der Blechlamellen 6 gebildet sind, die von gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Statornut 5 in die jeweilige Statornut 5 vorstehen, um den Leiter 9 bzw. das Leiterbündel 10 zwischen den Stützabschnitten 6.1 an Klemmflächen 13 des Leiters 9 bzw. Leiterbündels 10 einzuklemmen. The twisted laminations 6 have, for example, the same recesses for forming the stator slots 5 as the untwisted laminations 6. The twisted laminations 6 and the untwisted laminations 6 are designed identically, for example, so that the laminated core 3 consists of a stack of identical or identical laminations 6 is formed and no special lamella for the formation of the support points 11 is required. By twisting the laminations 6 in opposite directions to form the respective support point 11, support sections 6.1 of the laminations 6 are formed, which protrude from opposite sides of the stator slot 5 into the respective stator slot 5, around the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 between the support sections 6.1 Pinch clamping surfaces 13 of the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 .
Die verdrehten Blechlamellen 6 können im Blechpaket 3 gegen weiteres Verdrehen fixiert sein, beispielsweise durch stoffschlüssiges Fügen von Blechlamellen 6. Beispielsweise sind die Blechlamellen 6 des Blechpakets 3 miteinander verschweißt, so dass stabile und dauerhaltbare Stützstellen 11 im Blechpaket 3 gebildet sind. The twisted laminations 6 can be fixed in the laminations 3 against further twisting, for example by cohesively joining laminations 6. For example, the laminations 6 of the lamination stack 3 are welded together, so that stable and durable support points 11 are formed in the lamination stack 3.
Der Leiter 9 bzw. das Leiterbündel 10 der jeweiligen Statornut 5 weist zumindest an den Klemmflächen 13 der jeweiligen Stützstelle 11 zumindest eine gegenüber dem Leiter 9 bzw. Leiterbündel 10 erhabene, beispielsweise elektrisch nichtleitende Schutzschicht 14 auf, die beispielsweise manschettenförmig, hülsenförmig, schlauchförmig, klammerförmig, U-förmig, streifenförmig oder flachbandförmig ausgebildet ist. Die erhabene Schutzschicht 14 kann nur an den Klemmflächen 13 ausgeführt sein oder über die Klemmflächen 13 hinaus den Leiter 9 bzw. das Leiterbündel 10 zumindest abschnittsweise umschließen, beispielsweise einfach oder mehrfach umschließen. Außerdem kann die Schutzschicht 14 ein separates Teil oder eine am Leiter 9 bzw. Leiterbündel 10 aufgebrachte zusätzliche Schicht, insbesondere eine Anspritzung oder Beschichtung, sein. Nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Schutzschicht 14 als eine voll umschließende Manschette oder Hülse ausgebildet. The conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 of the respective stator slot 5 has, at least on the clamping surfaces 13 of the respective support point 11, at least one protective layer 14 which is raised relative to the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 and is, for example, electrically non-conductive and can be, for example, sleeve-shaped, sleeve-shaped, tubular, clamp-shaped , U-shaped, strip-shaped or flat strip-shaped. The raised protective layer 14 can only be implemented on the clamping surfaces 13 or can enclose the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 at least in sections beyond the clamping surfaces 13, for example enclosing it once or several times. In addition, the protective layer 14 can be a separate part or an additional layer applied to the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10, in particular a spraying or coating. According to the exemplary embodiment, the protective layer 14 is designed as a fully enclosing collar or sleeve.
Zur Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Stators 1 werden die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt: a. Stapeln der Blechlamellen 6 zu dem Blechpaket 3, b. Axiales Einführen der Leiter 9 bzw. der Leiterbündel 10, die insbesondere mit Schutzschichten 14 versehen sind, in die jeweiligen Statornuten 5, c. Erfindungsgemäßes Verdrehen von einzelnen oder mehreren Blechlamellen 6 des Blechpaketes 3, insbesondere von einer Gruppe 12 oder von mehreren Gruppen 12 von benachbarten Blechlamellen 6, zur Bildung von mehreren Stützstellen 11 pro Statornut 5, d. Fixieren der verdrehten Blechlamellen 6 im Blechpaket 3 gegen weiteres Verdrehen, insbesondere durch stoffschlüssiges Fügen, beispielsweise Schweißen, von den Blechlamellen 6 des Blechpakets 3 zu einem torsionssteifen Blechpaket 3, e. Schränken von Leiterenden der Leiter 9 und Verbinden der Leiter 9 zu der Statorwicklung 8. The following steps are carried out to produce the stator 1 according to the invention: a. Stacking the laminations 6 to form the laminated core 3, b. Axial insertion of the conductors 9 or the conductor bundles 10, which are in particular provided with protective layers 14, into the respective stator slots 5, c. Twisting according to the invention of one or more laminations 6 of the laminated core 3, in particular of a group 12 or of several groups 12 of adjacent laminations 6, to form several support points 11 per stator slot 5, i.e. Fixing the twisted laminations 6 in the laminations 3 against further twisting, in particular by cohesive joining, for example welding, of the laminations 6 of the lamination stack 3 to form a torsionally stiff lamination stack 3, e. Crossing conductor ends of the conductors 9 and connecting the conductors 9 to the stator winding 8.
Fig.4 zeigt eine Ansicht eines Leiterbündels des Stators nach Fig.l bis Fig.3 mit erfindungsgemäßen Schutzschichten zur erfindungsgemäßen Lagerung des Leiterbündels in der jeweiligen Statornut. 4 shows a view of a conductor bundle of the stator according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 with protective layers according to the invention for mounting the conductor bundle according to the invention in the respective stator slot.
Nach Fig.4 kann es vorgesehen sein, dass mehrere Schutzschichten 14 desselben Leiters 9 bzw. Leiterbündels 10, beispielsweise mehrere Manschetten oder Hülsen, über einen in Richtung des Leiters 9 bzw. Leiterbündels 10 verlaufenden Steg 15 miteinander verbunden sind, beispielsweise zu einem einteiligen oder zweiteiligen Bauteil. Der Steg 15 kann in der jeweiligen Statornut 5 in einem zwischen den Zahnköpfen 4.1 gebildeten Nutschlitz 5.2 angeordnet sein. According to Figure 4, it can be provided that several protective layers 14 of the same conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10, for example several collars or sleeves, are connected to one another via a web 15 running in the direction of the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10, for example to form a one-piece or two-part component. The web 15 can be arranged in the respective stator slot 5 in a slot slot 5.2 formed between the tooth tips 4.1.
Fig.5 zeigt eine Schnittansicht des Stators für einen Schnitt zwischen zwei Stützstellen entlang der Linie V-V nach Fig.2. FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of the stator for a section between two support points along the line V-V according to FIG.
Zwischen den Wandungen der jeweiligen Statornut 5 und dem in der Statornut 5 angeordneten Leiter 9 bzw. Leiterbündel 10 ist zumindest ein Nutspalt 19 ausgeführt, der einen sich in axialer Richtung erstreckenden Nutspaltkanal 20 bildet, der von einem Kühlmedium, beispielsweise Öl, durchströmbar ist. Beispielsweise ist der Leiter 9 bzw. das Leiterbündel 10 in der jeweiligen Statornut 5 jeweils derart zentrisch gelagert, dass in der Statornut 5 außerhalb der Stützstellen 11 drei Nutspalte 19 gebildet sind, nämlich zwei Nutspalte 19 an den Zahnflanken 4.2 der jeweiligen Statornut 5 und ein Nutspalt 19 an einem Nutgrund 5.1. Dadurch ist der Querschnitt des Nutspaltkanals 20 in der jeweiligen Statornut 5 U-förmig ausgebildet. Between the walls of the respective stator slot 5 and the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 arranged in the stator slot 5 is at least one slot gap 19, which forms a slot gap channel 20 that extends in the axial direction and through which a cooling medium, for example oil, can flow. For example, the conductor 9 or the conductor bundle 10 is mounted centrally in the respective stator slot 5 in such a way that three slot gaps 19 are formed in the stator slot 5 outside the support points 11, namely two slot gaps 19 on the tooth flanks 4.2 of the respective stator slot 5 and one slot gap 19 at a slot base 5.1. As a result, the cross section of the slot gap channel 20 in the respective stator slot 5 is U-shaped.
Fig.6 zeigt eine Schnittansicht des Stators für einen Schnitt durch eine Stützstelle entlang der Linie Vl-Vl nach Fig.2. FIG. 6 shows a sectional view of the stator for a section through a support point along the line VI-VI according to FIG.
Aus Fig.3 und Fig.6 ist ersichtlich, dass der Nutspaltkanal 20 der jeweiligen Statornut 5 jeweils an den Stützstellen 11 unterbrochen oder verengt ist. Daher sind zusätzliche Durchlässe 21 in den Blechlamellen 6 und/oder in der Schutzschicht 14 und/oder in dem Leiter 9 bzw. Leiterbündel 10 und/oder zwischen den Leitern 9 des Leiterbündels 10 vorgesehen zur Aufhebung oder Verringerung der jeweiligen Unterbrechung oder Verengung. In Fig. 6 sind in den Statornuten 5 jeweils verschiedene Varianten der Durchlässe 21 beispielhaft dargestellt. Beispielsweise sind die Durchlässe 21 an jeder Stützstelle 11 der jeweiligen Statornut 5 vorgesehen, so dass die jeweilige Statornut 5 in axialer Richtung durchgängig durchströmbar ist. It can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 6 that the slot gap channel 20 of the respective stator slot 5 is interrupted or narrowed at the support points 11 in each case. Therefore, additional passages 21 in the sheet metal laminations 6 and/or in the protective layer 14 and/or in the conductor 9 or conductor bundle 10 and/or provided between the conductors 9 of the conductor bundle 10 to eliminate or reduce the respective interruption or constriction. In FIG. 6, different variants of the passages 21 are shown in the stator slots 5 by way of example. For example, the passages 21 are provided at each support point 11 of the respective stator slot 5, so that the respective stator slot 5 can be continuously flowed through in the axial direction.
Fig.7 zeigt eine Teilansicht einer elektrischen Maschine mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Stator nach Fig.l bis Fig.6. 7 shows a partial view of an electrical machine with the stator according to the invention according to FIG. 1 to FIG.
Die elektrische Maschine 23 hat ein Gehäuse 24, in dem ein erfindungsgemäßer Stator 1 angeordnet ist. Die Statorwicklung 8 bildet an jeder Stirnseite des Stators 1 einen Wickelkopf 8.1. Innerhalb des Gehäuses 24 ist an jeder Stirnseite des Stators 1 ein den jeweiligen Wickelkopf 8.1 aufnehmender Wickelkopfkühlraum 25 zur Kühlung des jeweiligen Wickelkopfes 8.1 vorgesehen ist. Die Statornuten 5 des Stators 1 sind dabei ausgehend von einem der beiden Wickelkopfkühlräume 25 bis in den anderen Wickelkopfkühlraum 25 durchströmbar, beispielsweise parallel, in Reihe oder mit einer Kombination von parallel und in Reihe. Der jeweilige Wickelkopfkühlraum 25 ist nach radial innen bezüglich der Statorachse 2 von einer Ringwandung 26, beispielsweise einer Dichthülse, begrenzt. Die Dichthülse 26 kann beispielsweise zur Bildung eines sogenannten Spaltrohres in einen zwischen dem Stator 1 und einem Rotor 27 der elektrischen Maschine 23 gebildeten Luftspalt reichen und diesen in axialer Richtung bezüglich der Statorachse 2 durchragen. The electrical machine 23 has a housing 24 in which a stator 1 according to the invention is arranged. The stator winding 8 forms a winding overhang 8.1 on each end face of the stator 1. Inside the housing 24, on each end face of the stator 1, there is a winding head cooling chamber 25, which accommodates the respective winding head 8.1, for cooling the respective winding head 8.1. The stator slots 5 of the stator 1 can flow through, starting from one of the two winding overhang cooling chambers 25 to the other winding overhang cooling chamber 25, for example in parallel, in series or with a combination of parallel and in series. The respective end winding cooling space 25 is delimited radially inwards with respect to the stator axis 2 by an annular wall 26, for example a sealing sleeve. The sealing sleeve 26 can, for example, reach into an air gap formed between the stator 1 and a rotor 27 of the electrical machine 23 to form what is known as a can and protrude through this in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis 2 .

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Stator (1) einer elektrischen Maschine (23) mit einer Statorachse (2) und mit einem Blechpaket (3), an dem Statorzähne (4) und zwischen den Statorzähnen (4) liegende Statornuten (5) ausgebildet sind und das eine Vielzahl von Blechlamellen1. Stator (1) of an electrical machine (23) with a stator axis (2) and with a laminated core (3) on which the stator teeth (4) and between the stator teeth (4) lying stator slots (5) are formed and a plurality of tin slats
(6) umfasst, wobei die Statorzähne (4) über ein ringförmiges Statorjoch (7) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei in den Statornuten (5) jeweils ein einziger Leiter (9) oder ein mehrere Leiter (9) umfassendes Leiterbündel (10), insbesondere ein Stapel von Flachdrahtleitern, zur Bildung einer elektrischen Statorwicklung (8) vorgesehen ist, wobei in den Statornuten (5) jeweils mehrere, in axialer Richtung bezüglich der Statorachse (2) voneinander beabstandete Stützstellen (11) zur Einklemmung des in der jeweiligen Statornut (5) liegenden Leiters (9) bzw. Leiterbündels (10) gebildet sind, wobei zwischen den Wandungen (4.2, 5.1) der jeweiligen Statornut (5) und dem in der Statornut (5) angeordneten Leiter bzw. Leiterbündel (9,10) zumindest ein Nutspalt (19) gebildet ist, der einen sich in axialer Richtung erstreckenden Nutspaltkanal (20) bildet, der von einem Kühlmedium, insbesondere Öl, durchströmbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stützstellen (11) jeweils durch das Verdrehen von einzelnen oder mehreren Blechlamellen (6) des Blechpakets (3), insbesondere von einer Gruppe (12) oder von mehreren Gruppen (12) von Blechlamellen (6), gebildet sind. (6), wherein the stator teeth (4) are connected to one another via an annular stator yoke (7), wherein in the stator slots (5) there is a single conductor (9) or a conductor bundle (10) comprising a plurality of conductors (9), in particular a stack of flat-wire conductors is provided to form an electrical stator winding (8), with a plurality of support points (11) spaced apart from one another in the axial direction with respect to the stator axis (2) in each of the stator slots (5) for clamping the in the respective stator slot (5 ) lying conductor (9) or conductor bundle (10) are formed, wherein between the walls (4.2, 5.1) of the respective stator slot (5) and in the stator slot (5) arranged conductor or conductor bundle (9,10) at least one Slot gap (19) is formed, which forms a slot gap channel (20) extending in the axial direction, through which a cooling medium, in particular oil, can flow, characterized in that the support points (11) are each formed by twisting individual Are formed in one or more laminations (6) of the laminated core (3), in particular by a group (12) or by several groups (12) of laminations (6).
2. Stator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die jeweilige Stützstelle (11) gebildet ist durch zumindest zwei Blechlamellen (6), insbesondere durch zwei Gruppen (12) von Blechlamellen (6), die in entgegengesetzter Richtung um einen bestimmten Verdrehwinkel (f) um die Statorachse (2) verdreht sind. 2. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective support point (11) is formed by at least two laminations (6), in particular by two groups (12) of laminations (6) in opposite directions by a specific angle of rotation (f) are rotated about the stator axis (2).
3. Stator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch das entgegengesetzte Verdrehen der Blechlamellen (6) zur Bildung der jeweiligen3. Stator according to claim 2, characterized in that by the opposite twisting of the laminations (6) to form the respective
Stützstelle (11) Stützabschnitte (6.1) der Blechlamellen (6) gebildet sind, die von gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Statornut (5) in die jeweilige Statornut (5) vorstehen, um den Leiter (9) bzw. das Leiterbündel (10) zwischen den Stützabschnitten (6.1) an Klemmflächen (13) des Leiters (9) bzw. Leiterbündels (10) einzuklemmen. Support point (11) Support sections (6.1) of the laminations (6) are formed, which protrude from opposite sides of the stator slot (5) into the respective stator slot (5) around the conductor (9) or the conductor bundle (10) between the support sections (6.1) on the clamping surfaces (13) of the conductor (9) or conductor bundle (10).
4. Stator nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Leiter (9) bzw. das Leiterbündel (10) der jeweiligen Statornut (5) zumindest an den Klemmflächen (13) der jeweiligen Stützstelle (11) zumindest eine erhabene Schutzschicht (14) aufweist, die insbesondere manschettenförmig, hülsenförmig, schlauchförmig, klammerförmig, U-förmig, streifenförmig oder flachbandförmig ausgebildet ist. 4. Stator according to claim 3, characterized in that the conductor (9) or the conductor bundle (10) of the respective stator slot (5) has at least one raised protective layer (14) at least on the clamping surfaces (13) of the respective support point (11). , which is in particular cuff-shaped, sleeve-shaped, tubular, clamp-shaped, U-shaped, strip-shaped or flat-band-shaped.
5. Stator nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Schutzschichten (14) desselben Leiters (9) bzw. Leiterbündels (10), insbesondere Manschetten oder Hülsen, über einen in Richtung des Leiters (9) bzw. Leiterbündels (10) verlaufenden Steg (15) miteinander verbunden sind, insbesondere zu einem einteiligen oder zweiteiligen Bauteil. 5. Stator according to claim 4, characterized in that several protective layers (14) of the same conductor (9) or conductor bundle (10), in particular collars or sleeves, via a web running in the direction of the conductor (9) or conductor bundle (10). (15) are connected to one another, in particular to form a one-piece or two-piece component.
6. Stator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der jeweilige Nutspaltkanal (20) an den Stützstellen (11) jeweils unterbrochen oder verengt ist, wobei zusätzliche Durchlässe (21) in den Blechlamellen (6) und/oder in der Schutzschicht (14) und/oder in dem Leiter (9) bzw. Leiterbündel (10) und/oder zwischen den Leitern (9) des Leiterbündels (10) vorgesehen sind zur Aufhebung oder Verringerung der jeweiligen Unterbrechung oder Verengung. 6. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective slot gap channel (20) is interrupted or narrowed at the support points (11), additional passages (21) in the laminations (6) and/or in the protective layer ( 14) and/or in the conductor (9) or conductor bundle (10) and/or between the conductors (9) of the conductor bundle (10) are provided to eliminate or reduce the respective interruption or constriction.
7. Stator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die jeweilige Statornut (5) in axialer Richtung durchgängig durchströmbar ist. 7. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective stator slot (5) can be continuously flowed through in the axial direction.
8. Stator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verdrehten Blechlamellen (6) im Blechpaket (3) gegen weiteres Verdrehen fixiert sind, insbesondere durch stoffschlüssiges Fügen von Blechlamellen (6), insbesondere Schweißen. 8. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the twisted laminations (6) are fixed in the laminated core (3) against further twisting, in particular by integrally joining laminations (6), in particular welding.
9. Elektrische Maschine (23) mit einem Gehäuse (24), in dem ein Stator (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Statorwicklung (8) an jeder Stirnseite des Stators (1) einen Wickelkopf (8.1) bildet, wobei innerhalb des Gehäuses (24) an jeder Stirnseite des Stators (1) ein den jeweiligen Wickelkopf (8.1) aufnehmender Wickelkopfkühlraum (25) zur Kühlung des jeweiligen Wickelkopfes (8.1) vorgesehen ist, wobei die Statornuten (5) ausgehend von einem der beiden Wickelkopfkühlräume (25) bis in den anderen Wickelkopfkühlraum (25) durchströmbar sind. 9. Electrical machine (23) with a housing (24) in which a stator (1) according to one of the preceding claims is arranged, characterized in that the stator winding (8) on each end face of the stator (1) has a winding overhang (8.1 ), wherein inside the housing (24) on each end face of the stator (1) there is a winding head cooling space (25) accommodating the respective winding head (8.1) for cooling the respective winding head (8.1), the stator slots (5) starting from a of the two end winding cooling chambers (25) can flow through to the other end winding cooling chamber (25).
10. Elektrische Maschine nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der jeweilige Wickelkopfkühlraum (25) nach radial innen bezüglich der Statorachse (2) von einer Ringwandung (26), insbesondere einer Dichthülse, begrenzt ist. 10. Electrical machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the respective end winding cooling space (25) is delimited radially inwards with respect to the stator axis (2) by an annular wall (26), in particular a sealing sleeve.
11. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Stators nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, umfassend die Schritte: a) Stapeln von Blechlamellen (6) zu dem Blechpaket (3), b) Axiales Einführen der Leiter (9) bzw. der Leiterbündel (10), die insbesondere mit Schutzschichten (14) versehen sind, in die jeweiligen Statornuten (5), c) Verdrehen von einzelnen oder mehreren Blechlamellen (6) des Blechpaketes (3), insbesondere von einer Gruppe (12) oder von mehreren Gruppen (12) von benachbarten Blechlamellen (6), zur Bildung von mehreren Stützstellen (11) pro Statornut (5), d) Fixieren der verdrehten Blechlamellen (6) im Blechpaket (3) gegen weiteres Verdrehen, insbesondere durch stoffschlüssiges Fügen von den Blechlamellen (6) zu einem torsionssteifen Blechpaket (3), e) Schränken von Leiterenden der Leiter (9) und Verbinden der Leiter (9) zu der Statorwicklung (8). 11. A method for producing a stator according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps: a) stacking of laminations (6) to form the laminated core (3), b) axial insertion of the conductors (9) or the conductor bundle (10) , which are in particular provided with protective layers (14), in the respective stator slots (5), c) twisting of individual or several laminations (6) of the laminated core (3), in particular of a group (12) or of several groups (12) of adjacent laminations (6), to form a plurality of support points (11) per stator slot (5), d) fixing the twisted laminations (6) in the laminated core (3) against further twisting, in particular by materially joining the laminations (6) together a torsionally rigid laminated core (3), e) setting the conductor ends of the conductors (9) and connecting the conductors (9) to form the stator winding (8).
EP22718886.9A 2021-04-28 2022-03-28 Stator of an electric machine Pending EP4331083A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102021204202.3A DE102021204202A1 (en) 2021-04-28 2021-04-28 Stator of an electrical machine
PCT/EP2022/058102 WO2022228801A1 (en) 2021-04-28 2022-03-28 Stator of an electric machine

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DE2912592A1 (en) * 1979-03-28 1980-10-09 Siemens Ag ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH LAMINATED SHEET PACK
JP5712785B2 (en) * 2011-05-16 2015-05-07 ダイキン工業株式会社 Stator
JP2018164374A (en) * 2017-03-27 2018-10-18 本田技研工業株式会社 Core unit for rotary electric machine and rotary electric machine
DE102019113785A1 (en) 2019-05-23 2020-11-26 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Stator of an electrical machine

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