EP4330360A1 - Dual phase lubricants - Google Patents

Dual phase lubricants

Info

Publication number
EP4330360A1
EP4330360A1 EP22725711.0A EP22725711A EP4330360A1 EP 4330360 A1 EP4330360 A1 EP 4330360A1 EP 22725711 A EP22725711 A EP 22725711A EP 4330360 A1 EP4330360 A1 EP 4330360A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
base oil
lubricating
viscosity
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22725711.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Enrique LIZARRAGA-GARCIA
Leonard Joachim KIECKEBUSCH
Dairene Uy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV filed Critical Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Publication of EP4330360A1 publication Critical patent/EP4330360A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/34—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M155/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
    • C10M155/02—Monomer containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/041—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being macromolecular compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/17—Fisher Tropsch reaction products
    • C10M2205/173—Fisher Tropsch reaction products used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1055—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
    • C10M2209/1085—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C10M2215/0425—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2290/00—Mixtures of base materials or thickeners or additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/065—Saturated Compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/24—Emulsion properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for lubricating an axle and a lubricant oil composition for use therein.
  • a key way to improve fuel efficiency is the use of lubricants with lower viscosities.
  • maintaining the necessary level of protection at high load and high temperature conditions can prove challenging with a low viscosity lubricant formulation.
  • a dual phase lubricant consists of low and high viscosity components.
  • mineral base oils or poly-cx-olefins (PAOs) are used as the low viscosity component and polyalkylene glycols are chosen for the high viscosity component.
  • PAOs poly-cx-olefins
  • the polyalkylene glycols are in a separate phase from the low viscosity component at and below room temperature but begin to dissolve in the low viscosity component as the temperature rises. This phenomenon is then reversed as the temperature drops.
  • the lubrication comes from the low viscosity component and reduces friction effectively, while at high temperatures the higher viscosity component plays a large role providing greater wear protection.
  • W09611244 discloses a lubricant oil which functions at both high and low temperatures, by combining a low viscosity lubricant oil as well as a high viscosity lubricant oil, which utilizes only the properties of the low viscosity lubricant oil at low temperatures while utilizing a property of the oil by which viscosity increases by mixing a high viscosity lubricant oil with a low viscosity lubricant oil at high temperatures.
  • WO2014207172 teaches a drive system transmission oil composition with a kinematic viscosity of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm 2 /s at 100°C, produced by mixing (i) a low viscosity lubricant base oil component selected from mineral oils, synthetic oils and GTL; with (ii) a polyalkylene glycol- based high viscosity component; and (iii) a control component.
  • Blending a dual phase lubricating oil has many challenges. Any additive needs to be fully dissolved and active at low temperatures when the lubricating oil is in two phases, remain both dissolved and active as the two phases mix thoroughly, and continue to remain both dissolved and active as the temperature is lowered again. Such activity must be maintained over repeated cycles of heating and cooling. Of particular concern is the provision of anti-foam additives that can work in dual phase lubricating oils and provide substantial anti-foam protection across a wide range of temperatures.
  • Figures la, lb and lc are schematic drawings of a dual phase fluid in use.
  • the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising:
  • a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm 2 /s;
  • an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.
  • the present invention also provides a method for lubricating an axle said method comprising supplying to said axle a lubricating oil composition comprising
  • a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm 2 /s;
  • an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.
  • a non-ionic surfactant based anti-foam agent provides excellent anti foaming properties in a dual-phase lubricating oil composition comprising a Fischer-Tropsch based base oil as the low viscosity component and a polyalkylene glycol as the high viscosity component.
  • This lubricating oil composition can also be used effectively over a wide range of industrial lubricating oils such as automotive gear oils, transmission oils such AT oils, MT oils and CVT oils, hydraulic oils and compressor oils. In a preferred embodiment it is used as an axle fluid.
  • Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are those made using a Fischer-Tropsch process to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into a range of liquid fuels and oils.
  • the source of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be diverse.
  • gas to liquid (GTL) base oils are synthesised by the Fischer-Tropsch process using natural gas as the starting material.
  • Various other XTL processes, wherein X stands for the root source of carbon and hydrogen atoms, are known, for example coal to liquids (CTL), biomass to liquids (BTL) and power to liquids (PTL).
  • GTL base oils are ideal for use as the Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil in this invention, being, relative to mineral oil base oils produced from crude oil, extremely low in sulfur content and aromatics content, and having a very high paraffin constituent ratio, which means that they have superior oxidative stability and extremely small evaporation losses.
  • Said Fischer- Tropsch derived base oils may be a single Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a KV100 in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm 2 /s or a blend of more than one Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil wherein the KV100 of the blend is in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 4.0 to 6.0 mm 2 /s.
  • the amount of low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is 45 to 75 mass%, preferably, 45 to 65 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the high viscosity second base oil component is present in the range of from 3 to 35 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Said high viscosity second base oil component is a polyalkylene glycol.
  • Preferable polyalkylene glycols include poly (oxypropylene)-based products.
  • Preferably said high viscosity second base oil component is present in an amount in the range of from 13 to 28 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • Suitable high viscosity second base oil components have a KV100 in the range of from 90 to 120 mm 2 /s, preferably 95 to 105 mm 2 /s.
  • the lubricating oil composition also comprises a non-ionic surfactant as an anti-foam additive.
  • a non-ionic surfactant tend to be poly-alkoxylated alcohols, amines and mixtures thereof.
  • a control component which comprises one or more ester base oils, to the lubricating oil composition.
  • ester base oil or oils acts as a control component for the dual phase oil separation temperature above which both phases become miscible and below which both phases become immiscible.
  • Kamata, et al. Tribology Online, 11, 1 (2016), 24-33 the difference in polarities of the high and low viscosity components are changed through the addition of this control component.
  • Suitable esters have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups and can dissolve in both the high and low viscosity components modifying their polarities and thus controlling temperature at which the dual phase oil separates. Note that it is also possible to combine and use two or more different ester base oils as control components.
  • said ester base oils or mixtures thereof used as the control component have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 10 mm 2 /s, more preferably not less than 3.5 mm 2 /s.
  • the KV100 is not more than 8 mm 2 /s, and more preferably not more than 6 mm 2 /s.
  • the ester base oils, or mixtures thereof, used as the control component have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of no more than 1 mm 2 /s, more preferably no more than 0.5 mm 2 /s above or below that of the low viscosity first base oil component.
  • ester base oils for use as the control component are described in WO2014207172, wherein said ester base oils (or mixtures thereof) are required to have an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of from 0.080 to 0.350, preferably from 0.080 to 0.300, more preferably from 0.080 to 0.250.
  • the ester base oils may be any of monoesters, diesters and partial or total esters of polyhydric alcohols.
  • the alcohols forming the ester base oils may be monohydric alcohols, or any of the polyhydric alcohols, and the acids may be monobasic acids or polybasic acids.
  • the monohydric alcohols may be alcohols of carbon number 1 to 24, but preferably 1 to 12 and more preferably 1 to 8, and may be straight-chain or branched. They may also be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the polyhydric alcohols may be dihydric to decahydric alcohols, but preferably dihydric to hexahydric. Examples of dihydric to decahydric polyhydric alcohols include dihydric alcohols.
  • the alcohols forming the ester base oils may be monohydric alcohols, or any of the polyhydric alcohols, and the acids may be monobasic acids or polybasic acids.
  • the monobasic acids include fatty acids of 2 to 24 carbons, and they may be straight-chain or branched, and saturated or unsaturated.
  • saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids these preferred are saturated fatty acids of carbon number 3 to 20, unsaturated fatty acids of carbon number 3 to 22, and mixtures thereof, but saturated fatty acids of carbon number 4 to 18, unsaturated fatty acids of carbon number 4 to 18, and mixtures thereof, are more preferred. Lubricity and handling qualities are enhanced, and if consideration is also given to oxidative stability, saturated fatty acids of carbon number 4 to 18 are most preferred.
  • the amount of the control component which comprises one or more ester base oils is 1 to 20 mass%, preferably 2 to 10 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • additives known in the art may be blended singly or in combinations of several kinds with the lubricating oil compositions of the inventions for example extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metallic detergents, friction modifiers, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust preventatives, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, defoamers and colourants.
  • extreme pressure additives dispersants, metallic detergents, friction modifiers, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust preventatives, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, defoamers and colourants.
  • Figures la, lb and lc provide schematic drawings of the use of a dual phase lubricating oil composition.
  • Figure la represents one aspect of the lubricant oil composition of the present invention and shows two phase state 1 which is the lubricating oil composition's state at low temperatures.
  • the low viscosity first base oil component 2 forms the upper phase and the high viscosity second base oil component 3 forms the lower phase.
  • Figure lb shows a state in which a machine 4, which is being lubricated, is used and the machine is immersed in the upper phase of the lubricant oil composition.
  • the low viscosity first base oil component 2 forming the upper phase is the principal contributor to lubrication, while high viscosity second base oil component 3 barely contributes to lubrication.
  • Figure lc shows the single-phase state 5 which is produced following an increase in temperature resulting from continued use of the machine 4.
  • the low viscosity first base oil component 2 and the high viscosity second base oil component 3 mix, producing a homogeneous lubricating oil composition.
  • the decrease in viscosity which accompanies an increase in the temperature of low viscosity first base oil component 2 is compensated for by the high viscosity second base oil component 3, so even when an increase in temperature occurs, issues such as collapse of the oil film do not occur.
  • Low viscosity base oil a blend of GTL base oils with a KV100 of 5.5 mm 2 /s
  • High vis base oil Synalox 100-D450, ex. Dow; a water insoluble homopolymer of propylene oxide (KV40 of 713cSt; KV100 of H OcSt).
  • Ester base oil Priolube 1936, ex Croda; diester base oil (KV40 of 26cSt; KV100 of 5.3cSt)
  • Addpack 1 - a commercially available multifunctional automotive gear package addpack.
  • Antifoam 1 - Viscoplex 14-520, an organo-modified siloxane defoamer from Evonik.
  • Friction Modifier - a commercially available amine-based friction modifier.
  • sequence I a portion of sample, maintained at a bath temperature of 24°C +/- 0.5°C is blown with air at a constant rate (94 mL/min +/- 5 mL/min) for 5 min, then allowed to settle for 10 min. The volume of foam is measured at the end of both periods.
  • sequence II a second portion of sample, maintained at a bath temperature of 93.5°C +/- 0.5°C, is analysed using the same air flow rate and blowing and settling time duration as indicated in the previous sequence .
  • sequence III the sample portion used in conducting sequence II is used again, where any remaining foam is collapsed and the sample portion temperature cooled below 43.5°C by allowing the test cylinder to stand in air at room temperature, before placing the cylinder in the bath maintained at 24°C +/- 0.5°C.
  • the same air flow rate and blowing and settling time duration as indicated in sequence I is followed. Results for the examples tested are shown in Table
  • the SAE J2360 provides the standard for automotive gear lubricants for commercial and military use.
  • the foaming tendency characteristics of the oil are determined by ASTM D892. There, the maximum permissible volume of foam at the end of the 5-minute blowing period for sequences I, II and II are 20, 50 and 20 mL, respectively.
  • Anti-foam additives are required for lubricating oil compositions comprising just the low viscosity base oil (see Examples 2 to 5 in comparison with Example 1).
  • the organo-modified siloxane (Anti-foam 1) does not provide desirable results and a polydimethylsiloxane based defoamant (Anti-foam 2) is required to provide the necessary reduction in foaming (see Examples 3 to 5).
  • Anti-foam 2 a polydimethylsiloxane based defoamant
  • the use of this anti-foam in a dual phase lubricating oil composition leads to an increase in foaming compared to a single-phase composition.
  • the non-ionic surfactant-based anti-foam used in Examples 7 to 10 provides excellent foaming results in the dual phase lubricating oil composition whether used alone or in combination with other anti-foams.
  • the use of a single anti-foam in a dual phase fluid to produce excellent foaming results over a range of temperatures (during two phase and one phase states) is a highly desirable outcome.

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Abstract

The invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s; (b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol; (c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.The present invention also provides a method for lubricating an axle, said method comprising supplying to said axle a lubricating oil composition comprising:(a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s; (b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol; (c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.

Description

DUAL PHASE LUBRICANTS
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a method for lubricating an axle and a lubricant oil composition for use therein. Background of the Invention
Fuel economy is a major challenge in the automotive industry. A key way to improve fuel efficiency is the use of lubricants with lower viscosities. However, it is also important to maintain an appropriate lubricant viscosity over the complete range of temperatures at which a piece of equipment operates. Particularly, maintaining the necessary level of protection at high load and high temperature conditions can prove challenging with a low viscosity lubricant formulation.
A dual phase lubricant consists of low and high viscosity components. Typically, mineral base oils or poly-cx-olefins (PAOs) are used as the low viscosity component and polyalkylene glycols are chosen for the high viscosity component. In two phase lubricants, the polyalkylene glycols are in a separate phase from the low viscosity component at and below room temperature but begin to dissolve in the low viscosity component as the temperature rises. This phenomenon is then reversed as the temperature drops. Thus, at low temperatures, the lubrication comes from the low viscosity component and reduces friction effectively, while at high temperatures the higher viscosity component plays a large role providing greater wear protection.
W09611244 discloses a lubricant oil which functions at both high and low temperatures, by combining a low viscosity lubricant oil as well as a high viscosity lubricant oil, which utilizes only the properties of the low viscosity lubricant oil at low temperatures while utilizing a property of the oil by which viscosity increases by mixing a high viscosity lubricant oil with a low viscosity lubricant oil at high temperatures.
WO2014207172 teaches a drive system transmission oil composition with a kinematic viscosity of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s at 100°C, produced by mixing (i) a low viscosity lubricant base oil component selected from mineral oils, synthetic oils and GTL; with (ii) a polyalkylene glycol- based high viscosity component; and (iii) a control component.
Further studies on the use of dual phase lubricating oils are described in Kamata, et al. Tribology Online, 11, 1 (2016), 24-33.
Blending a dual phase lubricating oil has many challenges. Any additive needs to be fully dissolved and active at low temperatures when the lubricating oil is in two phases, remain both dissolved and active as the two phases mix thoroughly, and continue to remain both dissolved and active as the temperature is lowered again. Such activity must be maintained over repeated cycles of heating and cooling. Of particular concern is the provision of anti-foam additives that can work in dual phase lubricating oils and provide substantial anti-foam protection across a wide range of temperatures.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figures la, lb and lc are schematic drawings of a dual phase fluid in use.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising:
(a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s;
(b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol;
(c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.
The present invention also provides a method for lubricating an axle said method comprising supplying to said axle a lubricating oil composition comprising
(a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s;
(b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol;
(c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.
Detailed Description of the Invention
It has been surprisingly found that a non-ionic surfactant based anti-foam agent provides excellent anti foaming properties in a dual-phase lubricating oil composition comprising a Fischer-Tropsch based base oil as the low viscosity component and a polyalkylene glycol as the high viscosity component.
This lubricating oil composition can also be used effectively over a wide range of industrial lubricating oils such as automotive gear oils, transmission oils such AT oils, MT oils and CVT oils, hydraulic oils and compressor oils. In a preferred embodiment it is used as an axle fluid.
Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils are those made using a Fischer-Tropsch process to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen into a range of liquid fuels and oils. The source of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be diverse. For example, gas to liquid (GTL) base oils are synthesised by the Fischer-Tropsch process using natural gas as the starting material. Various other XTL processes, wherein X stands for the root source of carbon and hydrogen atoms, are known, for example coal to liquids (CTL), biomass to liquids (BTL) and power to liquids (PTL). GTL base oils, or blends thereof, are ideal for use as the Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil in this invention, being, relative to mineral oil base oils produced from crude oil, extremely low in sulfur content and aromatics content, and having a very high paraffin constituent ratio, which means that they have superior oxidative stability and extremely small evaporation losses.
A wide range of kinematic viscosities at 100°C (KV100) exist for Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils, but those with a KV 100 in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s are to be used in the present invention. Said Fischer- Tropsch derived base oils may be a single Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a KV100 in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s or a blend of more than one Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil wherein the KV100 of the blend is in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s. More preferably, the low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer- Tropsch derived base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 4.0 to 6.0 mm2/s.
The amount of low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is 45 to 75 mass%, preferably, 45 to 65 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
The high viscosity second base oil component is present in the range of from 3 to 35 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition. Said high viscosity second base oil component is a polyalkylene glycol. Preferable polyalkylene glycols include poly (oxypropylene)-based products. Preferably said high viscosity second base oil component is present in an amount in the range of from 13 to 28 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
Suitable high viscosity second base oil components have a KV100 in the range of from 90 to 120 mm2/s, preferably 95 to 105 mm2/s.
The lubricating oil composition also comprises a non-ionic surfactant as an anti-foam additive. Such non ionic surfactants tend to be poly-alkoxylated alcohols, amines and mixtures thereof.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it may be preferable to add a control component, which comprises one or more ester base oils, to the lubricating oil composition. Such ester base oil or oils acts as a control component for the dual phase oil separation temperature above which both phases become miscible and below which both phases become immiscible. As explained in Kamata, et al. Tribology Online, 11, 1 (2016), 24-33, the difference in polarities of the high and low viscosity components are changed through the addition of this control component.
Suitable esters have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups and can dissolve in both the high and low viscosity components modifying their polarities and thus controlling temperature at which the dual phase oil separates. Note that it is also possible to combine and use two or more different ester base oils as control components.
Preferably, said ester base oils or mixtures thereof used as the control component have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 10 mm2/s, more preferably not less than 3.5 mm2/s. Preferably the KV100 is not more than 8 mm2/s, and more preferably not more than 6 mm2/s. Also preferably, the ester base oils, or mixtures thereof, used as the control component have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of no more than 1 mm2/s, more preferably no more than 0.5 mm2/s above or below that of the low viscosity first base oil component.
Suitable ester base oils for use as the control component are described in WO2014207172, wherein said ester base oils (or mixtures thereof) are required to have an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of from 0.080 to 0.350, preferably from 0.080 to 0.300, more preferably from 0.080 to 0.250.
The ester base oils may be any of monoesters, diesters and partial or total esters of polyhydric alcohols.
The alcohols forming the ester base oils may be monohydric alcohols, or any of the polyhydric alcohols, and the acids may be monobasic acids or polybasic acids.
The monohydric alcohols may be alcohols of carbon number 1 to 24, but preferably 1 to 12 and more preferably 1 to 8, and may be straight-chain or branched. They may also be saturated or unsaturated.
The polyhydric alcohols may be dihydric to decahydric alcohols, but preferably dihydric to hexahydric. Examples of dihydric to decahydric polyhydric alcohols include dihydric alcohols. The alcohols forming the ester base oils may be monohydric alcohols, or any of the polyhydric alcohols, and the acids may be monobasic acids or polybasic acids.
For the acids forming the ester base oils, the monobasic acids include fatty acids of 2 to 24 carbons, and they may be straight-chain or branched, and saturated or unsaturated. Of the aforementioned saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, these preferred are saturated fatty acids of carbon number 3 to 20, unsaturated fatty acids of carbon number 3 to 22, and mixtures thereof, but saturated fatty acids of carbon number 4 to 18, unsaturated fatty acids of carbon number 4 to 18, and mixtures thereof, are more preferred. Lubricity and handling qualities are enhanced, and if consideration is also given to oxidative stability, saturated fatty acids of carbon number 4 to 18 are most preferred.
If present, the amount of the control component which comprises one or more ester base oils is 1 to 20 mass%, preferably 2 to 10 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
Various additives known in the art may be blended singly or in combinations of several kinds with the lubricating oil compositions of the inventions for example extreme pressure additives, dispersants, metallic detergents, friction modifiers, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, rust preventatives, demulsifiers, metal deactivators, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, defoamers and colourants. Typically some or all of these additives may be provided as an additive package. Detailed Description of the Drawings
Figures la, lb and lc provide schematic drawings of the use of a dual phase lubricating oil composition.
Figure la represents one aspect of the lubricant oil composition of the present invention and shows two phase state 1 which is the lubricating oil composition's state at low temperatures. The low viscosity first base oil component 2 forms the upper phase and the high viscosity second base oil component 3 forms the lower phase. Figure lb shows a state in which a machine 4, which is being lubricated, is used and the machine is immersed in the upper phase of the lubricant oil composition. During startup (low temperature), the low viscosity first base oil component 2 forming the upper phase is the principal contributor to lubrication, while high viscosity second base oil component 3 barely contributes to lubrication. Because the low viscosity first base oil component 2 provides sufficient lubrication performance at low temperature, lubrication performance is not impeded even when only low viscosity components are present. Figure lc shows the single-phase state 5 which is produced following an increase in temperature resulting from continued use of the machine 4.
Here, as a result of an increase in temperature, the low viscosity first base oil component 2 and the high viscosity second base oil component 3 mix, producing a homogeneous lubricating oil composition. The decrease in viscosity which accompanies an increase in the temperature of low viscosity first base oil component 2 is compensated for by the high viscosity second base oil component 3, so even when an increase in temperature occurs, issues such as collapse of the oil film do not occur.
The invention will now be demonstrated by the following, non-limiting examples.
Examples
A series of lubricating oils were blended as set out in Tables 1 and 2. The components used were as follows:
Low viscosity (vis) base oil: a blend of GTL base oils with a KV100 of 5.5 mm2/s
High vis base oil: Synalox 100-D450, ex. Dow; a water insoluble homopolymer of propylene oxide (KV40 of 713cSt; KV100 of H OcSt).
Ester base oil: Priolube 1936, ex Croda; diester base oil (KV40 of 26cSt; KV100 of 5.3cSt)
Addpack 1 - a commercially available multifunctional automotive gear package addpack. Antifoam 1 - Viscoplex 14-520, an organo-modified siloxane defoamer from Evonik.
Antifoam 2 - DCF 200 - 12500cSt (3%) a polydimethylsiloxane based defoamer ex Dow Corning. Antifoam 3 - Synative AC AMH-2 - a non-ionic surfactant based anti-foam ex Cognis.
Friction Modifier - a commercially available amine-based friction modifier.
The formulations shown in Tables 1 and 2 were blended using standard methodology and were tested using the standard test ASTM D892. As described by the test, the tendency of oils to foam can be a serious problem in systems such as high-speed gearing, high-volume pumping, and splash lubrication. Inadequate lubrication, cavitation, and overflow loss of lubricant can lead to mechanical failure. This test method is used in the evaluation of oils for such operating conditions. This test method covers the determination of the foaming characteristics of lubricating oils at 24°C and 93.5°C. It consists of three sequences.
In sequence I, a portion of sample, maintained at a bath temperature of 24°C +/- 0.5°C is blown with air at a constant rate (94 mL/min +/- 5 mL/min) for 5 min, then allowed to settle for 10 min. The volume of foam is measured at the end of both periods.
In sequence II, a second portion of sample, maintained at a bath temperature of 93.5°C +/- 0.5°C, is analysed using the same air flow rate and blowing and settling time duration as indicated in the previous sequence .
Finally, in sequence III, the sample portion used in conducting sequence II is used again, where any remaining foam is collapsed and the sample portion temperature cooled below 43.5°C by allowing the test cylinder to stand in air at room temperature, before placing the cylinder in the bath maintained at 24°C +/- 0.5°C. The same air flow rate and blowing and settling time duration as indicated in sequence I is followed. Results for the examples tested are shown in Table
1. The SAE J2360 provides the standard for automotive gear lubricants for commercial and military use. In the SAE J2360 standard, the foaming tendency characteristics of the oil are determined by ASTM D892. There, the maximum permissible volume of foam at the end of the 5-minute blowing period for sequences I, II and II are 20, 50 and 20 mL, respectively.
Table 1 - Comparative Examples Table 2 - Inventive Examples Anti-foam additives are required for lubricating oil compositions comprising just the low viscosity base oil (see Examples 2 to 5 in comparison with Example 1). The organo-modified siloxane (Anti-foam 1) does not provide desirable results and a polydimethylsiloxane based defoamant (Anti-foam 2) is required to provide the necessary reduction in foaming (see Examples 3 to 5). However, the use of this anti-foam in a dual phase lubricating oil composition (Example 6) leads to an increase in foaming compared to a single-phase composition. The non-ionic surfactant-based anti-foam used in Examples 7 to 10 provides excellent foaming results in the dual phase lubricating oil composition whether used alone or in combination with other anti-foams. The use of a single anti-foam in a dual phase fluid to produce excellent foaming results over a range of temperatures (during two phase and one phase states) is a highly desirable outcome.

Claims

C LA IM S
1. A lubricating oil composition comprising:
(a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to 7.0 mm2/s;
(b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol;
(c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.
2. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1, wherein the low viscosity first base oil component has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 4.0 to 6.0 mm2/s.
3. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the high viscosity second base oil component has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 90 to 120 mm2/s, preferably 95 to 105 mm2/s.
4. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, which also comprises a control component, which comprises one or more ester base oils.
5. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 4, wherein the ester base oils have an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of from 0.080 to 0.350, preferably from 0.080 to 0.300.
6. A lubricating oil composition according to Claim 4 or Claim 5, wherein the ester base oils have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of no more than 1 mm2/s, more preferably no more than 0.5 mm2/s, above or below that of the low viscosity first base oil component.
7. A lubricating oil composition according to any one of Claims 4 to 6, wherein the control component, which comprises one or more ester base oils is present in an amount of from 2 to 10 mass%, based on the overall mass of the lubricating oil composition.
8. A lubricating oil composition as claimed in any one of Claim 1 to 7, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is selected from poly-alkoxylated alcohols, poly-alkoxylated amines and mixtures thereof.
9. A method for lubricating an axle, said method comprising supplying to said axle a lubricating oil composition comprising:
(a) from 45 to 75 mass% of a low viscosity first base oil component which is a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 3.5 to
7.0 mm2/s;
(b) from 3 to 35 mass% of a high viscosity second base oil component which is a polyalkylene glycol;
(c) an anti-foam additive which is a non-ionic surfactant, wherein mass% is based on the overall mass of the lubricating composition.
EP22725711.0A 2021-04-27 2022-04-21 Dual phase lubricants Pending EP4330360A1 (en)

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