EP4327390A1 - Battery cell for an electrical energy storage device for installation in an electrified motor vehicle - Google Patents

Battery cell for an electrical energy storage device for installation in an electrified motor vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP4327390A1
EP4327390A1 EP22717541.1A EP22717541A EP4327390A1 EP 4327390 A1 EP4327390 A1 EP 4327390A1 EP 22717541 A EP22717541 A EP 22717541A EP 4327390 A1 EP4327390 A1 EP 4327390A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
housing
battery cell
partial housing
ejection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22717541.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joachim Froeschl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Publication of EP4327390A1 publication Critical patent/EP4327390A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/59—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries characterised by the protection means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/14—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings for protecting against damage caused by external factors
    • H01M50/143—Fireproof; Explosion-proof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/342—Non-re-sealable arrangements
    • H01M50/3425—Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10—Temperature sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/20—Pressure-sensitive devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a battery cell for an electrical energy store for installation in an electrified motor vehicle (electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle), in particular for a lithium-ion store, e.g. used as on-board batteries, high-voltage storage or traction batteries.
  • an electrified motor vehicle electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle
  • a lithium-ion store e.g. used as on-board batteries, high-voltage storage or traction batteries.
  • an energy storage device in the form of a lithium-ion storage device
  • a lithium-ion storage device which has a "cell pack" in a housing with a large number of battery cells (individual storage cells) which aligned vertically to the underside of the vehicle.
  • the battery cells are integrated into a framework of support elements to stabilize them against the impact of forces from below, which act as force-absorbing housing extensions for the cells.
  • the applicant's DE 102021 102017 which is not a prior publication, relates to an electrical energy store for installation in an electrified motor vehicle with a large number of battery cells, each battery cell consisting of a cell core and a hybrid cell housing which is separated by an inner partial housing in the form of an inner cell wall made of electrically insulating Material and is designed by an outer partial housing in the form of a cell holder made of electrically conductive and thermally conductive material.
  • the first and the second partial housing together form a hybrid cell housing (hybrid housing) by means of a mechanical connection.
  • the invention relates to a battery cell for an electrical energy store (in particular for installation in an electrified motor vehicle) with a large number of battery cells.
  • the battery cell according to the invention consists of a cell core and a hybrid cell housing.
  • the hybrid cell housing is designed as a combination of an inner partial housing with an outer partial housing, with a protective device being provided by which the cell core with the inner partial housing can be evaluated from the outer partial housing in the event of a (preferably thermal) fault.
  • the outer partial housing particularly preferably has a closure in the opposite direction to the ejection direction, through which a gas-tight cavity is created, in which gas can be introduced (e.g. in the event of an event that leads to the inner partial housing bursting with gas escaping, or with the additional use of a " Miniature airbags”, which is defined in more detail below) pressure can be built up in a targeted manner, which pressure is used to eject the inner partial housing in the ejection direction.
  • gas e.g. in the event of an event that leads to the inner partial housing bursting with gas escaping, or with the additional use of a " Miniature airbags”, which is defined in more detail below
  • the invention is based on the following considerations:
  • the present invention is preferably based on a cell system that is described in the applicant's DE 102020 126424, which is not a prior publication.
  • the battery cell according to the invention preferably consists of a cell core (in any configuration, e.g. as an electrode coil) and a hybrid cell housing (hybrid housing) similar to the subject of the unpublished DE 102020 126424.
  • the hybrid cell housing has an inner cell wall (inner sub-housing) and formed with an outer cell holder made of thermally conductive metal (outer sub-housing).
  • the hybrid housing thus consists of two partial housings.
  • the inner plastic sub-housing is light and leads to weight reduction.
  • the outer partial housing consists of heat-conducting metal and is therefore suitable for temperature control. Both partial housings together also contribute to stabilization against mechanical forces.
  • the battery cell according to the invention can also consist of two partial housings of a different type.
  • the operating strategy of an electronic control unit for the energy store can store a localization or identification of the ejected cell by combining it with suitable sensors.
  • the control of the electrical energy flows (energy supply or energy removal) by the cell holder is preferably carried out by memory management as a software program module in the electronic control unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows the essential components of a battery cell according to the invention with a protective device for ejection in the event of a thermal fault
  • FIG 2 shows a first state of the battery cell according to the invention during an ejection process through an obstacle (e.g. through the bottom of an energy store),
  • FIG. 3 shows a second state of the battery cell according to the invention during an ejection process through an obstacle
  • FIG. 4 shows the state in particular of the outer partial housing of the battery cell according to the invention after complete ejection.
  • the exemplary embodiments relate to round battery cells. However, the invention can also be used for other battery cells, for example prismatic ones.
  • the cell 1 has, for example, two electrically conductive contact covers 5 and 6 and a plastic cylinder (eg PP, PTFE) as the inner partial housing 3 of the hybrid cell housing.
  • the operational stability of the cell 1 is achieved by combining the inner partial housing 3 with an outer partial housing 4 in the form of a cell holder.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of the schematic integration of the inner partial housing 3, which is the cell wall of the cell core 2, into the outer partial housing 4 in the form of a cell holder.
  • a sliding layer 10 for example Teflon PTFE, is preferably provided between the cylinders or partial housings 3 and 4, which can reduce the friction in the event of an ejection.
  • the cell stack or the storage system with a large number of battery cells 1 according to the invention are not shown here in their entirety, but a possible base of such a cell stack or storage system is shown schematically in FIGS.
  • the electrical contacting and latching or attachment of the inner cylinder or partial housing 3 in the outer cylinder or partial housing 4 is preferably carried out by means of a circumferential, electrically conductive bead 11.
  • the contacting and arrangement of several cells in a series circuit, e.g. the changing cell orientation ' are also not shown as this is known.
  • a non-cylindrical cell shape eg prismatic, is also encompassed by the invention, but is not specifically illustrated here.
  • the contacting cover 6 of the cell 1 pointing in the opposite direction B to the ejection direction A is preferably provided with a predetermined breaking point 7 in order to direct the escaping gases into the upper cavity 9 in the event of a fault.
  • FIG. 4 describes a spring device 13 in the upper gas-tight cavity 9.
  • the spring device 13, with its pretension, can support the ejection of the inner partial housing 3 in the event of a fault.
  • the cloud shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicates the escape of gas into the cavity 9 in the event of a fault.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 outline the resulting movement of the inner partial housing 3 in the event of cell ejection or cell nucleus ejection. More precisely, the "cell ejection” is the ejection of the inner partial housing 3 with an integrated cell nucleus 2.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show the penetration of the bottom 14 of the storage array through the inner sub-housing 3 assuming a vertical storage/cell construction.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a rotating cutting device 12 on the inner partial housing 3 to support the penetration of the soil 14 through the inner partial housing 3.
  • Fig. 2 outlines a predetermined breaking point in the bottom 14 of the storage system in dash-dotted lines. This also supports the penetration of the soil 14 .
  • 3 shows a further advantageous embodiment.
  • the swelling is initiated by the ejection, so that the base 14 closes again after ejection, for example to prevent the ingress of foreign substances (e.g. water) after the ejection process.
  • the closure achieved in this way is sketched in Fig. 4.
  • the emergency operation property consists in bridging the defective cell 1 or an electrical bridging contact if the cell 1 is ejected, ie the cell 1 is removed.
  • the spring device 13 from FIG. 1 creates contact with the upper and lower peripheral beads 11 and thus the electrical cell contact within the cell assembly. In the event of a fault, this ensures that the series connection of the cells is retained.
  • the storage arrangement thus remains functional for emergency operation with a total voltage reduced by one cell voltage.
  • This can also be communicated to an energy management system by a sensing device (not shown in detail). This makes it possible to adapt the operating strategy of the higher-level system.
  • the higher-level system can be an electric drive of a vehicle or an on-board electrical system of a vehicle, which can later also be used as a stationary energy storage system in a building in the case of so-called “second life” use.
  • An electronic control unit of the energy management system can recognize the ejection itself, the location of the cell ejection and/or the identification of the cell 1 ejected.
  • the battery cell 1 shows a battery cell 1 according to the invention for an electrical energy store for installation in an electrified motor vehicle with a large number of battery cells.
  • the battery cell 1 consists of a cell core 2 and a hybrid cell housing, which is designed as a combination of an inner partial housing 3 in the form of an inner cell wall made of electrically insulating material with an outer partial housing 4 in the form of a cell holder made of electrically conductive material.
  • the contacting cover 6 with optional predetermined breaking point 7, the wall of the outer partial housing 4 and the gas-tight seal 8 of the outer partial housing 4 form a protective device, through which the cell core 2 with the inner partial housing 3 can be evaluated from the outer partial housing 4 in the event of a (particularly thermal) fault is.
  • the outer partial housing 4 is open in the ejection direction A, but closed gas-tight in the opposite direction B to the ejection direction A, for example with a cover 8 .
  • the inner sub-housing 3 with the cell core 2 is arranged in the outer sub-housing 4 in such a way that a gas-tight cavity 9 is created between the inner sub-housing 3 and the closure 8, in which, in the event of a thermal event that leads to the bursting of the inner sub-housing 3, the escaping hot gas pressure arises, which can be used to eject the inner partial housing 3 in the ejection direction A.
  • An additional gas-generating unit (“miniature airbag”, see also above) in the area of the predetermined breaking point 7 is also conceivable.
  • This can, for example, be a squib comparable to an airbag system or a chemical substance that produces additional gas ( e.g. by decomposition of the substance). This would have the advantage that before the cell bursts, the cell can be predictively ejected due to an impermissibly excessive temperature in order to reduce secondary damage.
  • the inner partial housing 3 has a first contacting cover 5 without material weakening and in the opposite direction B a second contacting cover 6 with material weakening, here with a predetermined breaking point 7 .
  • An electrically conductive spring device 13 is preferably prestressed in the gas-tight cavity 9 in such a way that it serves as a contact bridge after ejection in the relaxed state (see FIG. 4 and the previous description of this further above).
  • a gliding material 10 can be introduced between the inner partial housing 3 and the outer partial housing 4, which is designed at the same time, for example, as swelling and/or adhesive material with a predetermined viscosity and curing ability, in order to close the bottom 14 after an ejection (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).
  • a bead 11 for the positive pole (+) and the negative pole (-) is provided on the inner partial housing 3 for latching with the outer partial housing 4 both in a holding and in an electrically contacting manner. If the ejection cannot take place without obstacles, for example into a collecting container, but has to take place, for example, by breaking through a/the bottom 14 of a cell pack, the inner partial housing 3 can have a cutting device 12 in the ejection direction A.
  • this arrangement can be used both to prevent major damage to the storage system and the adjacent systems and components and to maintain the functionality to a limited extent. The latter offers a safety advantage, for example in the case of autonomous driving.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery cell for an electrical energy storage device for installation in an electrified motor vehicle having a large number of battery cells. Said battery cell consists of a cell core and a hybrid cell housing. The hybrid cell housing is configured as a combination of an inner housing element with an outer housing element, wherein a protection apparatus is provided, by way of which the cell core together with the inner housing element can be ejected from the outer housing element in the event of a (preferably thermal) fault. The outer housing element particularly preferably has a gas-tight closure in the direction opposite to the ejection direction, the gas-tight closure creating a gas-tight cavity in which, for example in the case of an event that leads to the inner housing element bursting, pressure is deliberately created by gas and used to eject the inner housing element in the ejection direction.

Description

Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher zum Einbau in ein elektrifiziertesBattery cell for an electrical energy store for installation in an electrified
Kraftfahrzeug motor vehicle
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher zum Einbau in ein elektrifiziertes Kraftfahrzeug (Elektrofahrzeug oder Hybridfahrzeug), insbesondere für einen Lithium-Ionen-Speicher, derz.B. als Bordnetzbatterien, Hochvoltspeicher oder Traktionsbatterien eingesetzt wird. The invention relates to a battery cell for an electrical energy store for installation in an electrified motor vehicle (electric vehicle or hybrid vehicle), in particular for a lithium-ion store, e.g. used as on-board batteries, high-voltage storage or traction batteries.
In der nicht vorveröffentlichten deutschen Patentanmeldung der Anmelderin mit dem amtlichen Aktenzeichen DE 102020 126424 ist ein Energiespeicher (in Form eines Lithium-Ionen-Speichers) beschrieben, der ein „Zellpack“ in einem Gehäuse mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen (einzelnen Speicherzellen) aufweist, die zur Fahrzeugunterseite vertikal ausgerichtet sind. Die Batteriezellen sind zur Stabilisierung gegen Krafteinwirkung von unten in einem Gerüst aus Stützelementen integriert, die als kraftaufnehmende Gehäuseverlängerungen der Zellen wirken. In the not previously published German patent application by the applicant with the official file number DE 102020 126424, an energy storage device (in the form of a lithium-ion storage device) is described which has a "cell pack" in a housing with a large number of battery cells (individual storage cells) which aligned vertically to the underside of the vehicle. The battery cells are integrated into a framework of support elements to stabilize them against the impact of forces from below, which act as force-absorbing housing extensions for the cells.
Die nicht vorveröffentlichte DE 102021 102017 der Anmeldering betrifft einen elektrischen Energiespeicher für den Einbau in ein elektrifiziertes Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen, wobei jede Batteriezelle aus einem Zellkern und einem hybriden Zellgehäuse besteht, das durch ein inneres Teilgehäuse in Form einer inneren Zellwand aus elektrisch isolierendem Material und durch ein äußeres Teilgehäuse in Form eines Zellhalters aus elektrisch leitfähigem und wärmeleitfähigem Material ausgestaltet ist. Dabei bilden das erste und das zweite Teilgehäuse durch eine mechanische Verbindung gemeinsam ein hybrides Zellgehäuse (Hybridgehäuse). The applicant's DE 102021 102017, which is not a prior publication, relates to an electrical energy store for installation in an electrified motor vehicle with a large number of battery cells, each battery cell consisting of a cell core and a hybrid cell housing which is separated by an inner partial housing in the form of an inner cell wall made of electrically insulating Material and is designed by an outer partial housing in the form of a cell holder made of electrically conductive and thermally conductive material. In this case, the first and the second partial housing together form a hybrid cell housing (hybrid housing) by means of a mechanical connection.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Batteriezelle für einen Energiespeicher eingangs genannter Art im Hinblick auf Temperaturereignisse weiterzubilden. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Patentansprüche sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. It is the object of the invention to further develop a battery cell for an energy store of the type mentioned at the outset with regard to temperature events. This object is solved by the features of patent claim 1. The dependent claims are advantageous developments of the invention.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Batteriezelle für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher (insbesondere zum Einbau in ein elektrifiziertes Kraftfahrzeug) mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen. Die erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle besteht aus einem Zellkern und einem hybriden Zellgehäuse. Das hybride Zellgehäuse ist als Kombination eines inneren Teilgehäuses mit einem äußeren Teilgehäuse ausgestaltet, wobei eine Schutzvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, durch die im (vorzugsweise thermischen) Fehlerfall der Zellkern mit dem inneren Teilgehäuse aus dem äußeren Teilgehäuse auswertbar ist. The invention relates to a battery cell for an electrical energy store (in particular for installation in an electrified motor vehicle) with a large number of battery cells. The battery cell according to the invention consists of a cell core and a hybrid cell housing. The hybrid cell housing is designed as a combination of an inner partial housing with an outer partial housing, with a protective device being provided by which the cell core with the inner partial housing can be evaluated from the outer partial housing in the event of a (preferably thermal) fault.
Besonders bevorzugt weist das äußere Teilgehäuse in der Gegenrichtung zur Auswurfrichtung einen Verschluss auf, durch den ein gasdichter Hohlraum entsteht, in dem durch Einbringen von Gas (z.B. bei einem Ereignis, das zum Bersten des inneren Teilgehäuses mit Gasaustritt führt, oder bei zusätzlichem Einsatz eines „Miniatur-Airbags“, der weiter unten genauer definiert ist) gezielt Druck aufbaubar ist, der zum Auswurf des inneren Teilgehäuses in Auswurfrichtung verwendet wird. The outer partial housing particularly preferably has a closure in the opposite direction to the ejection direction, through which a gas-tight cavity is created, in which gas can be introduced (e.g. in the event of an event that leads to the inner partial housing bursting with gas escaping, or with the additional use of a " Miniature airbags”, which is defined in more detail below) pressure can be built up in a targeted manner, which pressure is used to eject the inner partial housing in the ejection direction.
Der Erfindung liegen folgende Überlegungen zugrunde: The invention is based on the following considerations:
Stand der Technik State of the art
Die vorliegende Erfindung geht vorzugsweise von einem Zellsystem aus, das in der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 102020 126424 der Anmelderin beschrieben ist. The present invention is preferably based on a cell system that is described in the applicant's DE 102020 126424, which is not a prior publication.
Problem problem
Bei einer elektrischen Speicherzelle kann ein Fehler zu einem kurzzeitigen Freiwerden einer hohen Energiemenge mit ungewissem Schadensausgang führen. In the case of an electrical storage cell, a fault can lead to a large amount of energy being released briefly with an uncertain outcome.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung Vorgeschlagen wird ein Zellsystem mit einer Schutzfunktion. Die Schutzfunktion besteht darin, dass im Falle eines Auftretens des Zellversagens durch Freiwerden hoher Energiemengen und der daraus resultierenden Überhitzung einer Batteriezelle diese Zelle aus dem Zellstack bzw. Speichersystem ausgeworfen werden kann. Um Gewicht zu reduzieren, besteht die erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle vorzugsweise aus einem Zellkern (in beliebiger Ausgestaltung, z. B. als Elektrodenwickel) und einem hybriden Zellgehäuse (Hybridgehäuse) ähnlich dem Gegenstand der nicht vorveröffentlichten DE 102020 126424. Das hybride Zellgehäuse ist mit einer inneren Zellwand (inneres Teilgehäuse) und mit einem äußeren Zellhalter aus wärmeleitfähigem Metall (äußeres Teilgehäuse) ausgebildet. Somit besteht das Hybridgehäuse aus zwei Teilgehäusen. Das innere Teilgehäuse aus Kunststoff ist leicht und führt zu einer Gewichtsreduzierung. Das äußere Teilgehäuse besteht aus wärmeleitfähigem Metall und ist somit für die Temperierung geeignet. Beide Teilgehäuse zusammen tragen zusätzlich zur Stabilisierung gegen mechanische Kräfte bei. Die erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle kann aber auch aus zwei Teilgehäusen anderer Art bestehen. Subject matter of the present invention A cell system with a protective function is proposed. The protective function is that in the event of cell failure due to the release of large amounts of energy and the resulting overheating of a battery cell, this cell can be ejected from the cell stack or storage system. In order to reduce weight, the battery cell according to the invention preferably consists of a cell core (in any configuration, e.g. as an electrode coil) and a hybrid cell housing (hybrid housing) similar to the subject of the unpublished DE 102020 126424. The hybrid cell housing has an inner cell wall (inner sub-housing) and formed with an outer cell holder made of thermally conductive metal (outer sub-housing). The hybrid housing thus consists of two partial housings. The inner plastic sub-housing is light and leads to weight reduction. The outer partial housing consists of heat-conducting metal and is therefore suitable for temperature control. Both partial housings together also contribute to stabilization against mechanical forces. However, the battery cell according to the invention can also consist of two partial housings of a different type.
Die Betriebsstrategie eines elektronischen Steuergeräts für den Energiespeicher kann durch Kombination mit geeigneter Sensorik eine Lokalisierung bzw. Identifikation der ausgeworfenen Zelle abspeichern. Die Ansteuerung der elektrischen Energieflüsse (Energiezufuhr oder Energieabfuhr) durch den Zellhalter erfolgt vorzugsweise durch ein Speichermanagement als Softwareprogrammmodul im elektronischen Steuergerät. The operating strategy of an electronic control unit for the energy store can store a localization or identification of the ejected cell by combining it with suitable sensors. The control of the electrical energy flows (energy supply or energy removal) by the cell holder is preferably carried out by memory management as a software program module in the electronic control unit.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigt In the drawing an embodiment of the invention is shown. It shows
Fig. 1 die wesentlichen Komponenten einer erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle mit einer Schutzvorrichtung zum Auswurf im thermischen Fehlerfall, 1 shows the essential components of a battery cell according to the invention with a protective device for ejection in the event of a thermal fault,
Fig. 2 einen ersten Zustand der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle während eines Auswurfvorganges durch ein Hindernis (z. B. durch den Boden eines Energiespeichers), 2 shows a first state of the battery cell according to the invention during an ejection process through an obstacle (e.g. through the bottom of an energy store),
Fig. 3 einen zweiten Zustand der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle während eines Auswurfvorganges durch ein Hindernis und Fig. 4 den Zustand insbesondere des äußeren Teilgehäuses der erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezelle nach einem vollständigen Auswurf. 3 shows a second state of the battery cell according to the invention during an ejection process through an obstacle, and FIG. 4 shows the state in particular of the outer partial housing of the battery cell according to the invention after complete ejection.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau einer Batteriezelle 1 (Speicherzelle) mit einem Hybridgehäuse. Die Ausführungsbeispiele betreffen runde Batteriezellen. Die Erfindung kann aber auch für andere - beispielsweise prismatische - Batteriezellen angewendet werden. Die Zelle 1 weist beispielsweise zwei elektrisch leitfähige Kontaktierungsdeckel 5 und 6 sowie einen Kunststoffzylinder (z.B. PP, PTFE) als inneres Teilgehäuse 3 des hybriden Zellgehäuses auf. Die Betriebsfestigkeit der Zelle 1 wird durch Kombination des inneren Teilgehäuses 3 mit einem äußeren Teilgehäuse 4 in Form eines Zellhalters erreicht. 1 shows the schematic structure of a battery cell 1 (storage cell) with a hybrid case. The exemplary embodiments relate to round battery cells. However, the invention can also be used for other battery cells, for example prismatic ones. The cell 1 has, for example, two electrically conductive contact covers 5 and 6 and a plastic cylinder (eg PP, PTFE) as the inner partial housing 3 of the hybrid cell housing. The operational stability of the cell 1 is achieved by combining the inner partial housing 3 with an outer partial housing 4 in the form of a cell holder.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt in Seitenansicht die schematische Integration des inneren Teilgehäuses 3, die Zellwand des Zellkerns 2 ist, in das äußere Teilgehäuse 4 in Form eines Zellhalters. 1 shows a side view of the schematic integration of the inner partial housing 3, which is the cell wall of the cell core 2, into the outer partial housing 4 in the form of a cell holder.
Bei dieser hybriden Zellkonstruktion ist vorzugsweise zwischen den Zylindern bzw. Teilgehäusen 3 und 4 eine Gleitschicht 10, z.B. Teflon PTFE, vorgesehen, die die Reibung im Falle eines Auswurfes reduzieren kann. Der Zellstack bzw. das Speichersystem mit einer Vielzahl von erfindungsgemäßen Batteriezellen 1 sind hierin nicht gesamthaft gezeigt, jedoch wird in den Figuren 2 bis 4 schematisch ein möglicher Boden eines derartigen Zellstacks bzw. Speichersystems dargestellt. Die elektrische Kontaktierung und Verrastung bzw. Befestigung des inneren Zylinders bzw. Teilgehäuses 3 in dem äußeren Zylinder bzw. Teilgehäuse 4 erfolgt vorzugsweise mittels einer umlaufenden, elektrisch leitfähigen Sicke 11. Die Kontaktierung und Anordnung mehrerer Zellen zu einer Serienschaltung, z.B. die wechselnde Zellorientierung „ “ sind ebenfalls nicht gezeigt, da dies bekannt ist. Eine nicht zylindrische Zellform, z.B. prismatische, ist ebenfalls von der Erfindung umfasst, jedoch hier nicht eigens dargestellt. Der in Gegenrichtung B zur Auswurfrichtung A zeigende Kontaktierungsdeckel 6 der Zelle 1 ist vorzugsweise mit einer Sollbruchstelle 7 versehen, um im Fehlerfall die austretenden Gase in den oberen Hohlraum 9 zu lenken. In this hybrid cell construction, a sliding layer 10, for example Teflon PTFE, is preferably provided between the cylinders or partial housings 3 and 4, which can reduce the friction in the event of an ejection. The cell stack or the storage system with a large number of battery cells 1 according to the invention are not shown here in their entirety, but a possible base of such a cell stack or storage system is shown schematically in FIGS. The electrical contacting and latching or attachment of the inner cylinder or partial housing 3 in the outer cylinder or partial housing 4 is preferably carried out by means of a circumferential, electrically conductive bead 11. The contacting and arrangement of several cells in a series circuit, e.g. the changing cell orientation ' are also not shown as this is known. A non-cylindrical cell shape, eg prismatic, is also encompassed by the invention, but is not specifically illustrated here. The contacting cover 6 of the cell 1 pointing in the opposite direction B to the ejection direction A is preferably provided with a predetermined breaking point 7 in order to direct the escaping gases into the upper cavity 9 in the event of a fault.
Die Figur 4 beschreibt eine Federvorrichtung 13 in dem oberen gasdichten Hohlraum 9. Die Federvorrichtung 13 kann mit ihrer Vorspannung den Auswurf des inneren Teilgehäuses 3 im Fehlerfall unterstützen. Die in Fig. 1 und 2 gezeigte Wolke kennzeichnet den Gasaustritt in den Hohlraum 9 im Fehlerfall. FIG. 4 describes a spring device 13 in the upper gas-tight cavity 9. The spring device 13, with its pretension, can support the ejection of the inner partial housing 3 in the event of a fault. The cloud shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicates the escape of gas into the cavity 9 in the event of a fault.
Die Fig. 1 skizziert den Aufbau eines Gasdrucks im Fehlerfall und die Figuren 2 bis 4 skizzieren die dadurch entstehende Bewegung des inneren Teilgehäuses 3 im Falle eines Zellauswurfs bzw. Zellkernauswurfes. Genauer gesagt ist der „Zellauswurf“ der Auswurf des inneren Teilgehäuses 3 mit integriertem Zellkern 2. 1 outlines the build-up of gas pressure in the event of a fault, and FIGS. 2 to 4 outline the resulting movement of the inner partial housing 3 in the event of cell ejection or cell nucleus ejection. More precisely, the "cell ejection" is the ejection of the inner partial housing 3 with an integrated cell nucleus 2.
Die Figuren 2 bis 4 zeigen das Durchdringen des Bodens 14 der Speicheranordnung durch das innere Teilgehäuse 3 unter der Annahme einer vertikalen Speicher- /Zellkonstruktion. Figures 2 to 4 show the penetration of the bottom 14 of the storage array through the inner sub-housing 3 assuming a vertical storage/cell construction.
Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 zeigen in einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung eine umlaufende Schneidvorrichtung 12 an dem inneren Teilgehäuse 3 zur Unterstützung des Durchdringens des Bodens 14 durch das innere Teilgehäuse 3. In an advantageous development of the invention, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show a rotating cutting device 12 on the inner partial housing 3 to support the penetration of the soil 14 through the inner partial housing 3.
Fig. 2 skizziert strichpunktiert eine Sollbruchstelle im Boden 14 des Speichersystems. Diese unterstützt die Durchdringung des Bodens 14 ebenfalls. Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung zeigt Fig. 3. Hierbei ist entweder im Boden 14 ein Reservoir mit Quellmaterial, z.B. PU-Schaum vergleichbar der Funktionsweise einer Sprühdose für Anwendungen im Bauwesen, vorgesehen oder das auslaufende Gleitmaterial 10 ist als Quell- und oder Klebematerial ausgestaltet. Im Fehlerfall wird das Quellen durch den Auswurf initiiert, so dass sich der Boden 14 nach dem Auswurf wieder verschließt, um beispielsweise ein Eindringen von Fremdstoffen (z.B. Wasser) nach dem Auswurfvorgang zu verhindern. Den hierdurch erreichten Verschluss skizziert die Fig. 4. Fig. 2 outlines a predetermined breaking point in the bottom 14 of the storage system in dash-dotted lines. This also supports the penetration of the soil 14 . 3 shows a further advantageous embodiment. Either a reservoir with swelling material, e.g. PU foam, comparable to the functioning of a spray can for applications in construction, is provided in the base 14, or the leaking sliding material 10 is designed as swelling and/or adhesive material. In the event of an error, the swelling is initiated by the ejection, so that the base 14 closes again after ejection, for example to prevent the ingress of foreign substances (e.g. water) after the ejection process. The closure achieved in this way is sketched in Fig. 4.
Die Erzeugung einer Notlaufeigenschaft des Speichersystems zeigt ebenfalls die Fig. 4. Die Notlaufeigenschaft besteht in der Überbrückung der schadhaften Zelle 1 bzw. einer elektrischen Überbrückungskontaktierung im Falle des Auswurfs der Zelle 1 , d.h. des Entfernens der Zelle 1. Die Federvorrichtung 13 aus Fig. 1 erzeugt im entspannten Zustand eine Kontaktierung der oberen und unteren umlaufenden Sicken 11 und damit der elektrischen Zellkontaktierung innerhalb des Zellverbundes. Damit wird im Fehlerfall sichergestellt, dass die Serienschaltung der Zellen erhalten bleibt. Somit bleibt die Speicheranordnung für einen Notlauf mit um einer Zellspannung verringerten Gesamtspannung funktionsfähig. Dies kann weiterhin durch eine Sensiervorrichtung (nicht näher dargestellt) einem Energiemanagementsystem mitgeteilt werden. Damit ist eine Anpassung der Betriebsstrategie des übergeordneten Systems möglich. Das übergeordnete System kann ein Elektroantrieb eines Fahrzeugs oder ein elektrisches Bordnetz eines Fahrzeugs sein, das später im Falle einer sogenannten „second life“ Verwendung auch als stationäres Energiespeichersystem eines Gebäudes einsetzbar ist. 4 also shows the creation of an emergency operation property of the storage system. The emergency operation property consists in bridging the defective cell 1 or an electrical bridging contact if the cell 1 is ejected, ie the cell 1 is removed. In the relaxed state, the spring device 13 from FIG. 1 creates contact with the upper and lower peripheral beads 11 and thus the electrical cell contact within the cell assembly. In the event of a fault, this ensures that the series connection of the cells is retained. The storage arrangement thus remains functional for emergency operation with a total voltage reduced by one cell voltage. This can also be communicated to an energy management system by a sensing device (not shown in detail). This makes it possible to adapt the operating strategy of the higher-level system. The higher-level system can be an electric drive of a vehicle or an on-board electrical system of a vehicle, which can later also be used as a stationary energy storage system in a building in the case of so-called “second life” use.
Eine elektronische Steuereinheit des Energiemanagementsystems kann den Auswurf an sich, den Ort des Zellauswurfes und/oder die Identifikation der ausgeworfenen Zelle 1 erkennen. An electronic control unit of the energy management system can recognize the ejection itself, the location of the cell ejection and/or the identification of the cell 1 ejected.
Im Folgenden werden die Details der Erfindung anhand der Figuren 1 bis 4 einschließlich der möglichen vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen nochmal mit anderen Worten erläutert: The details of the invention are explained again in other words below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, including the possible advantageous developments:
Fig. 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Batteriezelle 1 für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher zum Einbau in ein elektrifiziertes Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen. Die Batteriezelle 1 besteht aus einem Zellkern 2 und einem hybriden Zellgehäuse, das als Kombination eines inneren Teilgehäuses 3 in Form einer inneren Zellwand aus elektrisch isolierendem Material mit einem äußeren Teilgehäuse 4 in Form eines Zellhalters aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material ausgestaltet ist. Insbesondere der Kontaktierungsdeckel 6 mit optionaler Sollbruchstelle 7, die Wand des äußeren Teilgehäuses 4 und der gasdichte Verschluss 8 des äußeren Teilgehäuses 4 bilden eine Schutzvorrichtung, durch die im (insbesondere thermischen) Fehlerfall der Zellkern 2 mit dem inneren Teilgehäuse 3 aus dem äußeren Teilgehäuse 4 auswertbar ist. Das äußere Teilgehäuse 4 ist in Auswurfrichtung A offen, aber in der Gegenrichtung B zur Auswurfrichtung A beispielsweise mit einem Deckel 8 gasdicht verschlossen. Das innere Teilgehäuse 3 mit dem Zellkern 2 ist derart im äußeren Teilgehäuse 4 angeordnet, dass zwischen dem inneren Teilgehäuse 3 und dem Verschluss 8 ein gasdichter Hohlraum 9 entsteht, in dem bei einem thermischen Ereignis, das zum Bersten des inneren Teilgehäuses 3 führt, durch das entweichende heiße Gas Druck entsteht, der zum Auswurf des inneren Teilgehäuses 3 in Auswurfrichtung A verwendbar ist. 1 shows a battery cell 1 according to the invention for an electrical energy store for installation in an electrified motor vehicle with a large number of battery cells. The battery cell 1 consists of a cell core 2 and a hybrid cell housing, which is designed as a combination of an inner partial housing 3 in the form of an inner cell wall made of electrically insulating material with an outer partial housing 4 in the form of a cell holder made of electrically conductive material. In particular, the contacting cover 6 with optional predetermined breaking point 7, the wall of the outer partial housing 4 and the gas-tight seal 8 of the outer partial housing 4 form a protective device, through which the cell core 2 with the inner partial housing 3 can be evaluated from the outer partial housing 4 in the event of a (particularly thermal) fault is. The outer partial housing 4 is open in the ejection direction A, but closed gas-tight in the opposite direction B to the ejection direction A, for example with a cover 8 . The inner sub-housing 3 with the cell core 2 is arranged in the outer sub-housing 4 in such a way that a gas-tight cavity 9 is created between the inner sub-housing 3 and the closure 8, in which, in the event of a thermal event that leads to the bursting of the inner sub-housing 3, the escaping hot gas pressure arises, which can be used to eject the inner partial housing 3 in the ejection direction A.
Denkbar ist auch eine zusätzliche Gas erzeugende Einheit („Miniatur-Airbag“, siehe auch oben) im Bereich der Sollbruchstelle 7. Dies kann beispielsweise eine Zündpille vergleichbar mit einem Airbagsystem oder eine chemische Substanz sein, die im Falle eines Überschreitens einer Temperaturschwelle zusätzliches Gas (z.B. durch Zersetzung der Substanz) erzeugt. Dies hätte den Vorteil, dass vor dem Bersten der Zelle bereits aufgrund einer unzulässig überhöhten Temperatur prädiktiv die Zelle ausgeworfen werden kann, um Sekundärschäden zu verringern. An additional gas-generating unit (“miniature airbag”, see also above) in the area of the predetermined breaking point 7 is also conceivable. This can, for example, be a squib comparable to an airbag system or a chemical substance that produces additional gas ( e.g. by decomposition of the substance). This would have the advantage that before the cell bursts, the cell can be predictively ejected due to an impermissibly excessive temperature in order to reduce secondary damage.
Das innere Teilgehäuse 3 weist in Auswurfrichtung A einen ersten Kontaktierungsdeckel 5 ohne Materialschwächung und in die Gegenrichtung B einen zweiten Kontaktierungsdeckel 6 mit Materialschwächung, hier mit einer Sollbruchstelle 7, auf. In the ejection direction A, the inner partial housing 3 has a first contacting cover 5 without material weakening and in the opposite direction B a second contacting cover 6 with material weakening, here with a predetermined breaking point 7 .
Vorzugsweise ist im gasdichten Hohlraum 9 eine elektrisch leitende Federvorrichtung 13 derart vorgespannt, dass sie nach einem Auswurf im entspannten Zustand als Kontaktüberbrückung dient (siehe Fig. 4 und vorhergehende Beschreibung hierzu weiter oben). An electrically conductive spring device 13 is preferably prestressed in the gas-tight cavity 9 in such a way that it serves as a contact bridge after ejection in the relaxed state (see FIG. 4 and the previous description of this further above).
Zwischen dem inneren Teilgehäuse 3 und dem äußeren Teilgehäuse 4 kann ein gleitendes Material 10 eingebracht sein, das beispielsweise gleichzeitig als Quell- und/oder Klebematerial mit vorgegebener Viskosität und Aushärtefähigkeit ausgestaltet ist, um den Boden 14 nach einem Auswurf zu verschließen (siehe Fig. 3 und Fig. 4). Am inneren Teilgehäuse 3 ist jeweils eine Sicke 11 für den Pluspol (+) und den Minuspol (-) zum sowohl haltenden als auch elektrisch kontaktierenden Verrasten mit dem äußeren Teilgehäuse 4 vorgesehen. Wenn der Auswurf nicht ohne Hindernis beispielsweise in einen Auffangbehälter erfolgen kann, sondern beispielsweise einen/den Boden 14 eines Zellpacks durchbrechend erfolgen muss, kann das innere Teilgehäuse 3 in Auswurfrichtung A eine Schneidvorrichtung 12 aufweisen. Zusammengefasst kann mit dieser Anordnung sowohl ein größerer Schaden im Speichersystem und den angrenzenden Systemen und Komponenten verhindert werden als auch die Funktionsfähigkeit bedingt erhalten werden. Letzteres bietet einen Sicherheitsvorteil beispielsweise im Falle des autonomen Fahrens. A gliding material 10 can be introduced between the inner partial housing 3 and the outer partial housing 4, which is designed at the same time, for example, as swelling and/or adhesive material with a predetermined viscosity and curing ability, in order to close the bottom 14 after an ejection (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). A bead 11 for the positive pole (+) and the negative pole (-) is provided on the inner partial housing 3 for latching with the outer partial housing 4 both in a holding and in an electrically contacting manner. If the ejection cannot take place without obstacles, for example into a collecting container, but has to take place, for example, by breaking through a/the bottom 14 of a cell pack, the inner partial housing 3 can have a cutting device 12 in the ejection direction A. In summary, this arrangement can be used both to prevent major damage to the storage system and the adjacent systems and components and to maintain the functionality to a limited extent. The latter offers a safety advantage, for example in the case of autonomous driving.

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1. Batteriezelle (1 ) für einen elektrischen Energiespeicher mit einer Vielzahl von Batteriezellen (1), insbesondere zum Einbau in ein elektrifiziertes Kraftfahrzeug, wobei die Batteriezelle (1) aus einem Zellkern (2) und einem hybriden Zellgehäuse besteht, das als Kombination eines inneren Teilgehäuses (3) mit einem äußeren Teilgehäuse (4) ausgestaltet ist, wobei eine Schutzvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, durch die im Fehlerfall der Zellkern (2) mit dem inneren Teilgehäuse (3) aus dem äußeren Teilgehäuse (4) auswertbar ist. 1. Battery cell (1) for an electrical energy store with a plurality of battery cells (1), in particular for installation in an electrified motor vehicle, wherein the battery cell (1) consists of a cell core (2) and a hybrid cell housing, which as a combination of an inner Partial housing (3) is designed with an outer partial housing (4), with a protective device being provided through which the cell core (2) with the inner partial housing (3) can be evaluated from the outer partial housing (4) in the event of a fault.
2. Batteriezelle (1) nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das äußere Teilgehäuse (4) in Auswurfrichtung (A) offen ist, aber in der Gegenrichtung (B) einen Verschluss (8) aufweist, und dass das innere Teilgehäuse (3) mit dem Zellkern (2) derart im äußeren Teilgehäuse (4) angeordnet ist, dass zwischen dem inneren Teilgehäuse (3) und dem Verschluss (8) ein gasdichter Hohlraum (9) entsteht, in dem durch Einbringen von Gas Druck aufbaubar ist, der zum Auswurf des inneren Teilgehäuses (3) in Auswurfrichtung (A) verwendbar ist. 2. Battery cell (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer partial housing (4) is open in the ejection direction (A) but has a closure (8) in the opposite direction (B), and that the inner partial housing (3) is arranged with the cell core (2) in the outer partial housing (4) in such a way that a gas-tight cavity (9) is created between the inner partial housing (3) and the closure (8), in which pressure can be built up by introducing gas, which Ejection of the inner part housing (3) in the ejection direction (A) can be used.
3. Batteriezelle (1) nach einem der vorangegangenen Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das innere Teilgehäuse (3) in Auswurfrichtung (A) einen ersten Kontaktierungsdeckel (5) ohne Materialschwächung und in die Gegenrichtung (B) einen zweiten Kontaktierungsdeckel (6) mit Materialschwächung (7) aufweist. 3. Battery cell (1) according to one of the preceding patent claims, characterized in that the inner partial housing (3) in the ejection direction (A) has a first contact cover (5) without material weakening and in the opposite direction (B) a second contact cover (6) with material weakening (7) has.
4. Batteriezelle (1) nach einem der vorangegangenen Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im gasdichten Hohlraum (9) eine elektrisch leitende Federvorrichtung (13) derart vorgespannt ist, dass sie nach einem Auswurf im entspannten Zustand als Kontaktüberbrückung dient. 4. Battery cell (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the gas-tight cavity (9) an electrically conductive spring device (13) is biased such that it serves as a contact bridge after ejection in the relaxed state.
5. Batteriezelle (1) nach einem der vorangegangenen Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen dem inneren Teilgehäuse (3) und dem äußeren Teilgehäuse (4) ein gleitendes Material (10) eingebracht ist. 5. Battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the inner housing part (3) and the outer housing part (4) a sliding material (10) is introduced.
6. Batteriezelle (1) nach dem vorangegangenen Patentanspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das gleitende Material (10) gleichzeitig als Quell- und/oder Klebematerial ausgestaltet ist und bei einem Auswurf ausläuft. 6. Battery cell (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the sliding material (10) is designed at the same time as swelling and / or adhesive material and expires in an ejection.
7. Batteriezelle (1) nach einem der vorangegangenen Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am inneren Teilgehäuse (3) jeweils eine Sicke (11 ) oder Nut zum sowohl haltenden als auch elektrisch kontaktierenden Verrasten mit dem äußeren Teilgehäuse (4) und mit den Polanschlüssen (+, -) vorgesehen ist. 7. Battery cell (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the inner part housing (3) each have a bead (11) or groove for both holding and electrically contacting latching with the outer part housing (4) and with the pole connections ( +, -) is provided.
8. Batteriezelle (1) nach einem der vorangegangenen Patentansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das innere Teilgehäuse (3) in Auswurfrichtung (A) eine Schneidevorrichtung (12) aufweist. 8. Battery cell (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner partial housing (3) in the ejection direction (A) has a cutting device (12).
EP22717541.1A 2021-04-22 2022-03-22 Battery cell for an electrical energy storage device for installation in an electrified motor vehicle Pending EP4327390A1 (en)

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CN116686143A (en) 2023-09-01
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