EP4327389A1 - Electrical power storage battery system comprising a safety venting system - Google Patents

Electrical power storage battery system comprising a safety venting system

Info

Publication number
EP4327389A1
EP4327389A1 EP22710131.8A EP22710131A EP4327389A1 EP 4327389 A1 EP4327389 A1 EP 4327389A1 EP 22710131 A EP22710131 A EP 22710131A EP 4327389 A1 EP4327389 A1 EP 4327389A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling plate
battery cell
electrochemical battery
hot gas
conduit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22710131.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dragan KRSTIC
Sebastien CHOPARD
Arnaud Delaye
Nicolas FRESCAL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stellantis Auto SAS
Original Assignee
Stellantis Auto SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stellantis Auto SAS filed Critical Stellantis Auto SAS
Publication of EP4327389A1 publication Critical patent/EP4327389A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • TITLE ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEM INCLUDING A DEGASING SAFETY SYSTEM
  • the invention relates to a battery comprising a cooling means and a battery module attached to this cooling means.
  • the invention applies in particular to vehicles with electric drive comprising a body structure housing a passenger compartment and comprising a floor delimiting a lower part of this passenger compartment, this vehicle comprising an electric driving machine and the battery under the floor supplying this driving machine .
  • Battery will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean an assembly comprising at least one battery module containing at least one electrochemical cell.
  • This battery optionally comprises electrical or electronic means for managing the electrical energy of this at least one module.
  • these modules When there are several modules, they are generally grouped together in a tray or casing and then form a battery pack, this battery pack being often designated by the English expression "battery pack", this casing generally containing an assembly interface, and connection terminals and forming an airtight space around the modules by enclosing them between a bottom and a lid.
  • This battery further comprises a means of cooling the module, for example a cooler in the form of a plate inserted between the bottom of the module and the bottom of the casing, or any other means.
  • This battery is generally fixed by bolting to the body structure, for example under the floor of the vehicle.
  • electrochemical cell will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean cells generating current by chemical reaction, for example of the lithium-ion (or Li-ion) type, of the Ni-Mh type, or Ni -Cd or lead or even fuel cells.
  • This module, and/or the cells it contains, further comprises a degassing safety system in the event of thermal runaway of a cell of the module.
  • These gases are very hot and it is then advantageous for them to pass through the cooling means so that, once they have escaped, they are thermally insulated from the battery module by the cooling means. These gases then penetrate the preserved space.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy this main drawback by proposing an improvement allowing both to pass the gases through the cooling means, and to cool them.
  • the invention relates to an electrical energy storage battery system comprising:
  • an electrochemical battery element comprising, on one face, a system of degassing safety device for the electrochemical battery cell, this safety system being capable of releasing a hot gas generated in the event of overheating of the electrochemical battery cell,
  • a cooling plate for the electrochemical battery cell having a thickness, and in thermal contact with the face, and comprising a hot gas evacuation hole, this hole passing through the thickness of the cooling plate,
  • this duct channeling the hot gas through the hole, this duct being cooled by the cooling plate, this duct having a constant section and a length at least equal to the thickness of the cooling plate.
  • electrochemical battery element will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean an element enclosing an electrochemical material in a sealed enclosure and generating current by chemical reaction. This definition relates in particular to elements such as a cell or a battery module.
  • Such security systems are known as such. There are several technologies, for example a fusible membrane beyond a temperature threshold is bonded around an opening made through the module or a cell, and masking this opening. Or a valve pushed by a spring and masking this same opening. Such safety systems are sometimes combined with module or cell breathing systems, this breathing being there only to compensate for normal gas expansion or contraction. These safety systems release a jet of hot gas when the electrochemical reactions of the cells are self-sustaining by creating a thermal runaway.
  • This duct being cooled by the cooling plate, its wall, in contact over its entire surface with the moving hot gas, allows heat exchange by convection with the hot gas, which is then in turn cooled.
  • the thickness of the cooling plate will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean the maximum distance between the two main faces of the cooling plate, the first main face being in thermal contact with the face of the electrochemical battery cell, the second main face being opposite the first. Thus are excluded from this thickness means for fixing the plate, or fluidic connections of the plate.
  • the duct is secured to the cooling plate.
  • Solidarity or solidarization will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean that two parts are linked directly to each other in the six degrees of freedom, that is to say that these two solid parts they form a rigid subset independent of the system even if this subset subsequently becomes integral with the system.
  • the cooling plate and the duct here form a rigid sub-assembly, for example the duct is welded to the plate, or even shrunk in the hole of the plate, or even from the material of the plate by deep drawing for example, and this subassembly is then assembled against the face of the electrochemical battery cell.
  • one of the ends of the conduit is in thermal contact with the electrochemical battery cell.
  • this thermal contact allows heat conduction from the electrochemical battery cell along the wall of the conduit.
  • this wall has a cooling fin function making it possible to compensate, at least in part, for the loss of cooling efficiency due to the presence of the hole in the cooling plate.
  • the conduit is a protrusion from the electrochemical battery cell.
  • This conduit is then attached to the battery cell, according to the definition of this text. Thermal conduction between the duct and the battery cell is then optimal and the wall of the duct fully plays its role as a cooling fin.
  • the conduit houses the security system. [027] This arrangement makes it possible to optimize the filling of the battery cell with electrochemical compositions.
  • the security system is housed at a free end of the conduit.
  • this system comprises a thermal paste compressed between the face of the electrochemical battery cell and the cooling plate.
  • This paste is advantageously thermally conductive and comprises for example a polyurethane type glue. This paste ensures that no air gap is interposed between the face and the cooling plate, but also depending on the variants between the duct and the hole, between the duct and the face, thus promoting thermal conduction between the face and the cooling plate and/or duct.
  • this system further comprises a tray delimiting a sealed internal space housing:
  • this tank comprising a baffled pipe system for the hot gas from the pipe, positioned between the cooling plate and a wall of the tank.
  • the tray comprises an opening means configured to:
  • this system comprises:
  • control device arranged so as to control in the open state the means of opening furthest from the safety system emitting the hot gas.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic section of a system according to the invention applied to an electric motor vehicle battery, comprising the conduit and an exemplary embodiment of a tray, in an orthonormal XYZ frame of a vehicle ,
  • FIG 2 shows the same section as Figure 1, but detailing an example of a module and cooling plate.
  • This module comprises three cells, each of these cells illustrating a different variant according to the invention.
  • FIG 3 shows a diagram of a tray according to the invention, comprising a pipe system with baffles, this tray receiving the modules.
  • this vehicle structure comprises:
  • a floor 1 comprising a sheet 2 having a lower face 2i, and an opposite upper face 2s intended to be oriented towards a passenger compartment 3 of the vehicle
  • a module 4 which is one of the possible examples of electrochemical battery cell 4, 21, for the storage of electrical energy, and which comprises a support surface 5,
  • this module 4 is positioned between the lower face 2i and this cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and this structure comprises a fixing means 6, 7 fixing the battery module 4 to the floor 1, the support face 5 being pressed against the lower face 2i of the sheet 2 and in contact on this lower face 2i.
  • This vehicle structure generally forms a passenger compartment 3, between the floor 1 and a pavilion interconnected by uprights, but not necessarily. This may be the structure of an autonomous vehicle without a passenger or driver. The passenger compartment 3 will then be understood as the part of the structure located above the floor 1.
  • the battery module 4, and/or the cells 21 that it contains, is therefore fixed directly to the floor 1 of the structure of the vehicle, which makes it possible to move the module 4 along the Z axis away from the surface. vehicle driving.
  • the expression “directly fixed to the floor 1" must be understood in the sense that the support face 5 is pressed against the lower face 2i of the sheet 2 and in contact on this lower face 2i.
  • This module 4 comprises, for example, prismatic cells 21 interconnected by inter-cell connection plates. It is advantageous to place the cells in contact with the cooling means 13 via the module 4. But this invention is just as applicable for all the other module 4 architectures, and in particular the cylindrical cells 21, or in the form of pockets.
  • module 4 is itself prismatic but this is not mandatory.
  • the bearing surface 5 will ideally be flat but this is not obligatory either, it can be of any shape.
  • this support face it will be advantageous for this support face to marry the surface bottom 2i of the sheet 2. Indeed, as explained above, it is advantageous to insert the thermal paste between the support face 5 and the lower face 2i, and to minimize the amount of this paste used it is advantageous that the lower face 2i is in shape correspondence with the support face 5.
  • the fixing means 6, 7 fixing the battery module 4 to the floor 1 comprises for example a screw (represented by an axis line 6) passing through a hole in the module 4, and whose threaded end cooperates with a nut 7 welded directly or indirectly under the floor 1 as illustrated in Figures 1.
  • This nut 7 is for example welded to the lower surface 2i or to a beam 8.
  • the heat-conducting paste or a deformable heat-conducting element can be inserted between the lower face 2i and the bearing face 5.
  • the screw serves, for example, to pre-hold the module 4 while the glue polymerizes or crosslinks. , or even the screw is not necessary if, when the module is put in place, this module is held in place by a mounting means while the glue is polymerizing.
  • This floor 1 comprises for example a beam 8 fixed, at least over part of its length, directly on the underside 2i.
  • This beam 8 is for example a stamped sheet steel profile having a "V" or "U” section, this section being closed by the lower face 2i of the sheet 2.
  • this beam 8 is welded by simple or double electric welding points on the underside 2i, but other fastening means are possible such as welds by adding metal, riveting, screwing, gluing.
  • This structure comprises for example a spar 9, along the X axis, fixed directly to the underside 2i and forming with the beam 8 and the sheet 2 a cell housing the battery module 4.
  • This spar 9 like the beam 8, will for example be fixed by electric spot welding.
  • this spar 9 is for example a stamped steel sheet.
  • This spar is, in a known manner, located near the bottom of the body, along the X axis and on one side of the body, and ensures the longitudinal rigidity of the structure.
  • This beam 8 is for example a transverse crosspiece to the spar 9 and fixed at one of its ends directly to the spar 9, for example by welding.
  • This structure comprises a fairing plate 10 remote from the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24 and covering the cooling plate 13,
  • This sealing is understood, throughout the text of this document, as being a sealing of an internal space between the floor 1 and the fairing plate 10 vis-à-vis attacks external to the module 4, for example splashes of water or mud, but also vis-à-vis toxic gases, hot gases, which can be emitted by the module 4 or one of its cells 21, as long as this gas does not exceed a predetermined threshold pressure and/or a predetermined threshold temperature.
  • the distance between the fairing plate 10 and the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24 allows the fairing plate 10 to deform in the event of an impact, without impacting the cooling plate 13, 22, 23 , 24 and/or module 4.
  • this fairing plate 10, the floor 1 and the sheet 2, the beam 8, the spar 9, form an example of a battery tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 according to the invention, also referred to as housing 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 battery.
  • a tray more familiar to those skilled in the art comprises a receptacle housing the modules 4, this receptacle being closed by a cover, this tray then being attached and screwed onto a structure of the vehicle.
  • this fairing plate 10 is, for example, fixed directly to an underside of the beam 8, which allows fixing points in the central part of the fairing plate 10.
  • this fairing plate 10 is fixed directly to an underside 9i of the spar 9.
  • This structure comprises for example two parallel beams 9, the beam 8, the sheet 2 and the fairing plate 10, this assembly defining the sealed internal space housing the module 4 and the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
  • Figure 2 illustrates in particular this cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. It comprises for example a first wall 23 and a second wall 24 defining between them a volume 22 of circulation of a heat transfer fluid, the first wall 23 being pressed against the module 4.
  • This volume 22 is for example part of a cooling circuit of the module 4.
  • This circuit further comprises a circulation pump, an exchanger, possibly a heater, and an expansion tank when this fluid is for example under liquid form, as well as a fluid circulation line connecting all of the aforementioned elements in a closed loop.
  • This circulation of the fluid for example glycol water, is done by actuating the circulation pump.
  • the two walls 23, 24 are for example two sheets welded to each other, or glued.
  • the first sheet 23 is for example flat and flat against the module 4, and the second 24 is stamped with a shape so as to constitute a channel through which the fluid passes and describing a serpentine.
  • this coil will be evenly distributed over the entire face of the opposite module 11.
  • the first sheet 23 comprises for example a hole through which a screw fixing the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. on the module 4.
  • a screw fixing the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. on the module 4 but other fixing means are possible in substitution or in addition.
  • a heat-conductive paste 28 or a heat-conductive deformable element may be inserted between the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and the opposite face 11 of the module 4, this paste 28 or deformable element comprising and/or consisting an adhesive, for example of the polyurethane type, but other types of adhesive can be envisaged.
  • the screw then serves, for example, as pre-holding of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
  • the time for the glue to polymerize or cross-link, or even the screw is not necessary if at the start in place of this plate, it is held in place by a mounting means while the glue polymerizes, as for the fixing means 6, 7 fixing the battery module 4 to the floor 1.
  • Figures 2 and 3 more specifically disclose the electrical energy storage battery system according to the invention.
  • This electrical energy storage battery system includes:
  • this safety system 25 being capable of releasing the hot gas generated in the event of overheating of the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21, - the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24 of the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21, having a thickness, and in thermal contact with the face 11, and comprising a hole 16 for evacuating the hot gas, this hole 16 passing through the thickness of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24,
  • This duct 20 has a constant section and a length at least equal to the thickness of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
  • this conduit 20 has a length strictly greater than the thickness of the plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and is flush with each main face of the plate 13, 22, 23, 24. This unevenness can be zero on one of the main faces, or on both main faces. As a further variant, this duct 20 can be set back from one of the main faces, and be out of flush with the other main face. It will be noted that according to the example described above, the first main face is carried by the first sheet 23, and the second main face is carried by the second sheet 24.
  • this duct 20 has a length equal to the thickness of the plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
  • the hole 16, the conduit 20 and the safety system 25 have a coaxiality allowing the hot gas to escape through the conduit 20, this feature is also present for the other variants without being mandatory the safety system 25 can to be slightly off balance.
  • This pipe 20 is for example of circular section but not necessarily.
  • the internal surface of the pipe 20 can comprise one or more radial protrusions increasing the thermal convection between the gas and the pipe 20, and/or fins increasing the heat exchange surface of the pipe 20 with the gas.
  • one of the ends 26 of the conduit 20 is for example in thermal contact with the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21.
  • This thermal contact is for example a direct contact, this end 26 being prestressed against the battery element 4, 21.
  • This thermal contact is for example produced by continuity of material with the battery element 4, 21.
  • This thermal contact is for example made by inserting the thermal paste 28 between the end 26 and the battery element 4, 21.
  • This figure 2 illustrates the module 4 comprising three cells 21, each of these cells 21 illustrating a different variant according to the invention.
  • the "right” cell represents a variant in which the conduit 20 is secured to the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. Reference is made to the definition of "secured” previously explained in the general description.
  • the "center” and “left” cells represent a variant in which the conduit 20 is a protrusion from the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21.
  • this conduit 20 houses the safety system 25.
  • the "left" cell illustrates a variant in which the safety system 25 is housed at a free end 27 of the pipe 20.
  • the gas jet 32 is formed outside the pipe 20 but all the gas passes through well the pipe 20 which has the effect of making the thermal convection of the gas independent of the shape of the gas jet 32.
  • the "center” cell illustrates a variant in which the security system 25 is housed at an end 26 opposite the free end 27 of the conduit 20, having the advantage of protecting the system from security 25 in the event of mechanical attack, in particular during an assembly or transport operation of the battery cell 4, 21.
  • this system comprises for example the thermal paste 28 compressed between the face 11 of the electrochemical battery element 4, 21 and the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
  • This thermal paste 28 is represented in an original way by replacing the usual hatching with a set of small circles, so that the figure is more easily readable.
  • This paste 28 is for example of the same composition as the paste inserted between the floor 1 and the module 4, previously described.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a variant (“left” and “center” cells) where this difference is deliberately large, so that the thermal paste 28 can overflow widely between the pipe 20 and the hole 16, and thus extend the thermal conduction between the plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and the pipe 20 over a large part of the length of the pipe 20, or even over the entire length driving.
  • Figure 1 and 3 illustrate a tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 delimiting a sealed internal space housing:
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in particular this tank 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, and in particular the fairing plate 10, comprising a baffled pipe system 29 for the hot gas from the pipe 20, positioned between the plate cooling 13, 22, 23, 24 and a wall 10 of the tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, that is to say the fairing plate 10 previously described.
  • these baffles 29 are carried by the wall 10 but alternatively they are carried for example by the second wall 24 of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, or even a combination of the two.
  • baffles 29 are represented here by partitions of which an opening on each partition is staggered with the opening of its neighboring partition, this opening being a circular hole but of course, any other shape is possible, such as for example partitions of different lengths, or even replacing the partitions with stamped parts of the wall 10 or of the second main face of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
  • the "path" of the gas through these baffles 29 is represented by a dotted line 32 with an arrow indicating the direction of movement.
  • the vertical and right dotted arrow originates at the point where the gas escapes from a pipe 20 of a first module 4, for example.
  • This tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprising an opening means configured for:
  • this opening 30, 31 is here fitted through the fairing plate 10 but this is not compulsory, and can be fitted in a wall of the spar 9 or of the beam 8 so as to take advantage of the "hollow” of the spar or of the beam 9 to extend the path of the gas and cool it further.
  • this tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprises:
  • a control device arranged so as to control in the open state the farthest opening means of the security system 25 emitting the hot gas.
  • opening means are, for example, valves or valves, comprising an actuator activated by the control device.
  • These opening means further comprise, for example, an additional safety system, similar to the degassing safety system 25 of the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21 so that, if the opening means is dysfunctional, the hot gas can nevertheless escape from tank 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 beyond a predetermined pressure and/or temperature of the gas in tank 1, 2, 8, 9, 10.
  • This tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprises for example a temperature sensor and / or pressure near each opening means, this control device comprising the means of acquisition, processing by instructions software stored in a memory as well as the control means required to implement a method executing the steps of:
  • control the opening means farthest from the sensor measuring the value above the predetermined threshold in the open position.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

Electrical power storage battery system comprising: an electrochemical battery element (4), a cooling plate (13) for cooling the electrochemical battery element (4), having a thickness and comprising a hot-gas discharge hole, a duct (20) ducting the hot gas through the hole, this duct (20) being cooled by the cooling plate (13), characterized in that this duct (20) has a constant cross section and a length at least equal to the thickness of the cooling plate (13).

Description

DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION
TITRE : SYSTEME DE BATTERIE DE STOCKAGE D’ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE COMPRENANT UN SYSTEME DE SECURITE DE DEGAZAGE TITLE: ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEM INCLUDING A DEGASING SAFETY SYSTEM
[001] La présente invention revendique la priorité de la demande française N°2104090 déposée le 20.04.2021 dont le contenu (texte, dessins et revendications) est ici incorporé par référence. [001] The present invention claims the priority of French application No. 2104090 filed on 04.20.2021, the content of which (text, drawings and claims) is incorporated herein by reference.
[002] L’invention concerne une batterie comprenant un moyen de refroidissement et un module de batterie accolé à ce moyen de refroidissement. L’invention s’applique en particulier aux véhicules à motricité électrique comprenant une structure de caisse abritant un habitacle et comprenant un plancher délimitant une partie basse de cet habitacle, ce véhicule comprenant une machine motrice électrique et la batterie sous le plancher alimentant cette machine motrice. [002] The invention relates to a battery comprising a cooling means and a battery module attached to this cooling means. The invention applies in particular to vehicles with electric drive comprising a body structure housing a passenger compartment and comprising a floor delimiting a lower part of this passenger compartment, this vehicle comprising an electric driving machine and the battery under the floor supplying this driving machine .
[003] On comprendra par batterie, dans tout le texte de ce document, un ensemble comprenant au moins un module de batterie contenant au moins une cellule électrochimique. [003] Battery will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean an assembly comprising at least one battery module containing at least one electrochemical cell.
[004] Cette batterie comprend éventuellement des moyens électriques ou électroniques pour la gestion d’énergie électrique de ce au moins un module. Quand il y a plusieurs modules, ils sont généralement regroupés dans un bac ou carter et forment alors un bloc batteries, ce bloc batteries étant souvent désigné par l’expression anglaise « pack batteries », ce carter contenant généralement une interface de montage, et des bornes de raccordement et formant un espace hermétique autour des modules en les enfermant entre un fond et un couvercle. Cette batterie comprend en outre un moyen de refroidissement du module, par exemple un refroidisseur en forme de plaque insérée entre le fond du module et le fond du carter, ou tout autre moyen. Cette batterie est généralement fixée par boulonnage à la structure de caisse, par exemple sous le plancher du véhicule. [004] This battery optionally comprises electrical or electronic means for managing the electrical energy of this at least one module. When there are several modules, they are generally grouped together in a tray or casing and then form a battery pack, this battery pack being often designated by the English expression "battery pack", this casing generally containing an assembly interface, and connection terminals and forming an airtight space around the modules by enclosing them between a bottom and a lid. This battery further comprises a means of cooling the module, for example a cooler in the form of a plate inserted between the bottom of the module and the bottom of the casing, or any other means. This battery is generally fixed by bolting to the body structure, for example under the floor of the vehicle.
[005] Par ailleurs, on comprendra par cellule électrochimique dans tout le texte de ce document, des cellules générant du courant par réaction chimique, par exemple de type lithium-ion (ou Li-ion), de type Ni-Mh, ou Ni-Cd ou plomb ou encore les piles à combustible. [005] Moreover, the term electrochemical cell will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean cells generating current by chemical reaction, for example of the lithium-ion (or Li-ion) type, of the Ni-Mh type, or Ni -Cd or lead or even fuel cells.
[006] Cette batterie est exposée aux chocs provenant du dessous du véhicule car relativement proche du sol. [007] Ceci implique que les éléments sensibles aux chocs de la batterie, par exemple les modules et le moyen de refroidissement, soient suffisamment éloignés du sol et protégés contre ce type de choc par le fond du carter de la batterie. Lorsque le moyen de refroidissement est disposé sous le module de batterie, le fond du carter est positionné de sorte à préserver un espace entre le moyen de refroidissement et le fond du carter. [006] This battery is exposed to shocks from underneath the vehicle because it is relatively close to the ground. [007] This implies that the shock-sensitive elements of the battery, for example the modules and the cooling means, are sufficiently far from the ground and protected against this type of shock by the bottom of the battery casing. When the cooling means is arranged under the battery module, the bottom of the casing is positioned so as to preserve a space between the cooling means and the bottom of the casing.
[008] Ce module, et/ou les cellules qu’il contient, comprennent en outre un système de sécurité de dégazage en cas d’emballement thermique d’une cellule du module. Ces gaz sont très chauds et il est alors avantageux qu’ils traversent le moyen de refroidissement de sorte qu’ils soient, une fois échappés, thermiquement isolés du module de batterie par le moyen de refroidissement. Ces gaz pénètrent alors l’espace préservé. [008] This module, and/or the cells it contains, further comprises a degassing safety system in the event of thermal runaway of a cell of the module. These gases are very hot and it is then advantageous for them to pass through the cooling means so that, once they have escaped, they are thermally insulated from the battery module by the cooling means. These gases then penetrate the preserved space.
[009] On connaît du document de brevet US-A1 -20190229384 un moyen de refroidissement sous forme d’une plaque de refroidissement accolée à des cellules de batterie comprenant chacune un système de sécurité tel que précédemment décrit, cette plaque étant traversée dans son épaisseur par des trous en vis-à-vis de chaque système de sécurité, de sorte que les gaz chauds puissent traverser la plaque. [009] We know from patent document US-A1-20190229384 a cooling means in the form of a cooling plate attached to battery cells each comprising a safety system as described above, this plate being crossed in its thickness through holes opposite each safety system, so that the hot gases can pass through the plate.
[010] Cette disposition est cependant perfectible, car un inconvénient principal est que les gaz chauds qui s’échappent ne sont pas refroidis et présentent un risque de propagation de chaleur aux autres cellules voisines ou à tout élément de proximité sensible à la chaleur. [010] However, this arrangement can be improved, because a main drawback is that the hot gases that escape are not cooled and present a risk of heat spreading to other neighboring cells or to any proximity element sensitive to heat.
[011] Cette disposition présente en outre un inconvénient secondaire, contre- productif, puisque chaque trou de la plaque est une surface d’échange thermique avec la cellule qui est supprimée, si bien qu’un point chaud de la cellule peut apparaître précisément en vis-à-vis de ce trou, pouvant provoquer un emballement thermique de la cellule et donc l’actionnement du système de sécurité alors que ce dernier ne se serait pas déclenché sans la présence de ce trou. [011] This arrangement also has a secondary, counterproductive drawback, since each hole in the plate is a heat exchange surface with the cell which is eliminated, so that a hot spot in the cell may appear precisely in vis-à-vis this hole, which can cause thermal runaway of the cell and therefore actuation of the safety system when the latter would not have been triggered without the presence of this hole.
[012] Le but de l’invention est de remédier à cet inconvénient principal en proposant un perfectionnement permettant à la fois de faire passer les gaz à travers le moyen de refroidissement, et de les refroidir. [012] The object of the invention is to remedy this main drawback by proposing an improvement allowing both to pass the gases through the cooling means, and to cool them.
[013] A cet effet, l’invention concerne un système de batterie de stockage d’énergie électrique comprenant : [013] To this end, the invention relates to an electrical energy storage battery system comprising:
- un élément de batterie électrochimique comprenant, sur une face, un système de sécurité de dégazage de l’élément de batterie électrochimique, ce système de sécurité étant apte à libérer un gaz chaud généré en cas de surchauffe de l’élément de batterie électrochimique, - an electrochemical battery element comprising, on one face, a system of degassing safety device for the electrochemical battery cell, this safety system being capable of releasing a hot gas generated in the event of overheating of the electrochemical battery cell,
- une plaque de refroidissement de l’élément de batterie électrochimique, présentant une épaisseur, et en contact thermique avec la face, et comprenant un trou d’évacuation du gaz chaud, ce trou traversant l’épaisseur de la plaque de refroidissement, - a cooling plate for the electrochemical battery cell, having a thickness, and in thermal contact with the face, and comprising a hot gas evacuation hole, this hole passing through the thickness of the cooling plate,
- un conduit canalisant le gaz chaud au travers du trou, ce conduit étant refroidi par la plaque de refroidissement, ce conduit présentant une section constante et une longueur au moins égale à l’épaisseur de la plaque de refroidissement. - a duct channeling the hot gas through the hole, this duct being cooled by the cooling plate, this duct having a constant section and a length at least equal to the thickness of the cooling plate.
[014] On comprendra par élément de batterie électrochimique, dans tout le texte de ce document, un élément enfermant un matériau électrochimique dans une enceinte hermétique et générant du courant par réaction chimique. Cette définition concerne en particulier des éléments comme une cellule ou un module de batterie. [014] The term electrochemical battery element will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean an element enclosing an electrochemical material in a sealed enclosure and generating current by chemical reaction. This definition relates in particular to elements such as a cell or a battery module.
[015] De tels systèmes de sécurité sont connus en tant que tel. Il existe plusieurs technologies, par exemple une membrane fusible au-delà d’un seuil de température est adhérisée autour d’une ouverture pratiquée au travers du module ou d’une cellule, et masquant cette ouverture. Ou encore une soupape poussée par un ressort et masquant cette même ouverture. De tels systèmes de sécurité sont parfois combinés avec des systèmes de respiration des modules ou des cellules, cette respiration n’étant là que pour compenser une dilatation ou contraction normale des gaz. Ces systèmes de sécurité libèrent un jet de gaz chaud lorsque les réactions électrochimiques des cellules s’auto-entretiennent en créant un emballement thermique. [015] Such security systems are known as such. There are several technologies, for example a fusible membrane beyond a temperature threshold is bonded around an opening made through the module or a cell, and masking this opening. Or a valve pushed by a spring and masking this same opening. Such safety systems are sometimes combined with module or cell breathing systems, this breathing being there only to compensate for normal gas expansion or contraction. These safety systems release a jet of hot gas when the electrochemical reactions of the cells are self-sustaining by creating a thermal runaway.
[016] La section constante et la longueur de ce conduit permet de canaliser le gaz chaud. Ce conduit étant refroidi par la plaque de refroidissement, sa paroi, en contact sur toute sa surface avec le gaz chaud en mouvement, permet un échange thermique par convection avec le gaz chaud, qui est alors à son tour refroidi. [016] The constant cross-section and the length of this duct makes it possible to channel the hot gas. This duct being cooled by the cooling plate, its wall, in contact over its entire surface with the moving hot gas, allows heat exchange by convection with the hot gas, which is then in turn cooled.
[017] On comprendra par section constante du conduit, dans tout le texte de ce document, la section de passage du gaz chaud, et non pas la section de la paroi coupée de la conduite. [017] It will be understood by constant section of the pipe, throughout the text of this document, the passage section of the hot gas, and not the section of the cut wall of the pipe.
[018] On comprendra par épaisseur de la plaque de refroidissement, dans tout le texte de ce document, la distance maximale entre les deux faces principales de la plaque de refroidissement, la première face principale étant en contact thermique avec la face de l’élément de batterie électrochimique, la deuxième face principale étant opposée à la première. Ainsi sont exclus de cette épaisseur des moyens de fixation de la plaque, ou de raccordements fluidiques de la plaque. [018] The thickness of the cooling plate will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean the maximum distance between the two main faces of the cooling plate, the first main face being in thermal contact with the face of the electrochemical battery cell, the second main face being opposite the first. Thus are excluded from this thickness means for fixing the plate, or fluidic connections of the plate.
[019] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le conduit est solidaire de la plaque de refroidissement. [019] According to one embodiment of the invention, the duct is secured to the cooling plate.
[020] On comprendra par solidaire ou solidarisation, dans tout le texte de ce document, le fait que deux pièces soient liées directement entre-elles dans les six degrés de liberté, c’est-à-dire que ces deux pièces solidaires entre-elles forment un sous-ensemble rigide indépendant du système même si ce sous ensemble devient par la suite solidaire du système. Dans ce mode de réalisation et de façon explicite, la plaque de refroidissement et le conduit forment ici un sous-ensemble rigide, par exemple le conduit est soudé à la plaque, ou encore fretté dans le trou de la plaque, ou encore issu de la matière de la plaque par emboutissage profond par exemple, et ce sous-ensemble est alors assemblé contre la face de l’élément de batterie électrochimique. [020] Solidarity or solidarization will be understood throughout the text of this document to mean that two parts are linked directly to each other in the six degrees of freedom, that is to say that these two solid parts they form a rigid subset independent of the system even if this subset subsequently becomes integral with the system. In this embodiment and explicitly, the cooling plate and the duct here form a rigid sub-assembly, for example the duct is welded to the plate, or even shrunk in the hole of the plate, or even from the material of the plate by deep drawing for example, and this subassembly is then assembled against the face of the electrochemical battery cell.
[021] Ainsi la conduction thermique entre le conduit et la plaque de refroidissement est parfaitement maîtrisée. [021] Thus the thermal conduction between the duct and the cooling plate is perfectly controlled.
[022] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, l’une des extrémités du conduit est en contact thermique avec l’élément de batterie électrochimique. [022] According to one embodiment of the invention, one of the ends of the conduit is in thermal contact with the electrochemical battery cell.
[023] Par exemple ce contact thermique permet une conduction de la chaleur de l’élément de batterie électrochimique le long de la paroi du conduit. Ainsi cette paroi a une fonction d’ailette de refroidissement permettant de compenser, au moins en partie, la perte d’efficacité de refroidissement due à la présence du trou dans la plaque de refroidissement. [023] For example, this thermal contact allows heat conduction from the electrochemical battery cell along the wall of the conduit. Thus this wall has a cooling fin function making it possible to compensate, at least in part, for the loss of cooling efficiency due to the presence of the hole in the cooling plate.
[024] Selon une variante de réalisation de l’invention, le conduit est une protrusion issue de l’élément de batterie électrochimique. [024] According to a variant embodiment of the invention, the conduit is a protrusion from the electrochemical battery cell.
[025] Ce conduit est alors solidaire de l’élément de batterie, selon la définition du présent texte. La conduction thermique entre le conduit et l’élément de batterie est alors optimale et la paroi du conduit joue pleinement son rôle d’ailette de refroidissement. [025] This conduit is then attached to the battery cell, according to the definition of this text. Thermal conduction between the duct and the battery cell is then optimal and the wall of the duct fully plays its role as a cooling fin.
[026] Selon un mode de réalisation de cette variante, le conduit loge le système de sécurité. [027] Cette disposition permet d’optimiser le remplissage de l’élément de batterie par des compositions électrochimiques. [026] According to one embodiment of this variant, the conduit houses the security system. [027] This arrangement makes it possible to optimize the filling of the battery cell with electrochemical compositions.
[028] Selon un mode de réalisation de cette variante, le système de sécurité est logé à une extrémité libre du conduit. [028] According to one embodiment of this variant, the security system is housed at a free end of the conduit.
[029] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, ce système comprend une pâte thermique comprimée entre la face de l’élément de batterie électrochimique et la plaque de refroidissement. [029] According to one embodiment of the invention, this system comprises a thermal paste compressed between the face of the electrochemical battery cell and the cooling plate.
[030] Cette pâte est avantageusement thermo-conductrice et comprend par exemple une colle de type polyuréthane. Cette pâte permet qu’aucun vide d’air ne s’interpose entre la face et la plaque de refroidissement, mais aussi selon les variantes entre le conduit et le trou, entre le conduit et la face, favorisant ainsi la conduction thermique entre la face et la plaque de refroidissement et/ou le conduit. [030] This paste is advantageously thermally conductive and comprises for example a polyurethane type glue. This paste ensures that no air gap is interposed between the face and the cooling plate, but also depending on the variants between the duct and the hole, between the duct and the face, thus promoting thermal conduction between the face and the cooling plate and/or duct.
[031] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, ce système comprend en outre un bac délimitant un espace interne étanche logeant : [031] According to one embodiment of the invention, this system further comprises a tray delimiting a sealed internal space housing:
- élément de batterie électrochimique, - electrochemical battery element,
- la plaque de refroidissement, - the cooling plate,
- et le conduit, ce bac comprenant un système de canalisation à chicanes du gaz chaud issu de la conduite, positionné entre la plaque de refroidissement et une paroi du bac. - And the duct, this tank comprising a baffled pipe system for the hot gas from the pipe, positioned between the cooling plate and a wall of the tank.
[032] Cette disposition permet de refroidir d’avantage le gaz chaud avant qu’il soit évacué du bac. [032] This arrangement makes it possible to further cool the hot gas before it is evacuated from the tank.
[033] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le bac comprend un moyen d’ouverture configuré pour : [033] According to one embodiment of the invention, the tray comprises an opening means configured to:
- ouvrir ou fermer une ouverture du bac débouchant dans l’espace interne étanche, - open or close an opening in the tank opening into the sealed internal space,
- et pour laisser s’échapper, si l’ouverture est ouverte, le gaz chaud issu du système de canalisation à chicanes. - and to let the hot gas from the baffled pipe system escape, if the opening is open.
[034] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, ce système comprend : [034] According to one embodiment of the invention, this system comprises:
- plusieurs moyens d’ouvertures, - several means of opening,
- plusieurs systèmes de sécurité de dégazage, et - several degassing safety systems, and
- un dispositif de contrôle agencé de sorte à commander à l’état ouvert le moyen d’ouverture le plus éloigné du système de sécurité émettant le gaz chaud. - a control device arranged so as to control in the open state the means of opening furthest from the safety system emitting the hot gas.
[035] Cette disposition permet de sélectionner un parcours du gaz chaud le plus long du système de canalisation à chicanes, de sorte à refroidir le plus possible ces gaz chauds, ce parcours le plus long augmentant les surfaces d’échange thermique du gaz chaud avec le bac et la plaque de refroidissement. [035] This arrangement makes it possible to select the longest hot gas path of the baffled pipe system, so as to cool as much as possible these hot gases, this longest path increasing the heat exchange surfaces of the hot gas with the tank and the cooling plate.
[036] D’autres particularités et avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d’un mode particulier de réalisation, non limitatif de l’invention, faite en référence aux figures dans lesquelles : [036] Other features and advantages will appear on reading the description below of a particular, non-limiting embodiment of the invention, made with reference to the figures in which:
[037] [Fig 1] : représente une section schématisée d’un système selon l’invention appliqué à une batterie de véhicule à motricité électrique, comprenant le conduit et un exemple de réalisation de bac, dans un repère XYZ orthonormé d’un véhicule,[037] [Fig 1]: represents a schematic section of a system according to the invention applied to an electric motor vehicle battery, comprising the conduit and an exemplary embodiment of a tray, in an orthonormal XYZ frame of a vehicle ,
Z étant l’axe vertical, Y l’axe transversal, et X l’axe longitudinal du véhicule orienté selon un sens de marche avant du véhicule. On notera que cette définition du repère orthonormé WYZ s’applique à tout le texte de ce document. Z being the vertical axis, Y the transverse axis, and X the longitudinal axis of the vehicle oriented according to a forward direction of the vehicle. It should be noted that this definition of the orthonormal reference WYZ applies to all the text of this document.
[038] [Fig 2] : représente une même section que la figure 1, mais détaillant un exemple de module et de plaque de refroidissement. Ce module comprend trois cellules, chacune de ces cellules illustrant une variante différente selon l’invention. [038] [Fig 2]: shows the same section as Figure 1, but detailing an example of a module and cooling plate. This module comprises three cells, each of these cells illustrating a different variant according to the invention.
[039] [Fig 3] : représente un schéma d’un bac selon l’invention, comprenant un système de canalisation à chicanes, ce bac recevant les modules. [039] [Fig 3]: shows a diagram of a tray according to the invention, comprising a pipe system with baffles, this tray receiving the modules.
[040] Il est à garder à l’esprit que les figures sont données à titre d'exemples et ne sont pas limitatives de l’invention. Elles constituent des représentations schématiques de principe destinées à faciliter la compréhension de l’invention et ne sont pas nécessairement à l'échelle des applications pratiques. En outre, dans ce qui va suivre, il est fait référence à toutes les figures prises en combinaison. Quand il est fait référence à une ou des figures spécifiques, ces figures sont à prendre en combinaison avec les autres figures pour la reconnaissance des références numériques désignées. Les références des éléments inchangés ou ayant la même fonction sont communes à toutes les figures, et les variantes de réalisation. [040] It should be borne in mind that the figures are given by way of examples and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate understanding of the invention and are not necessarily at the scale of practical applications. Furthermore, in what follows, reference is made to all the figures taken in combination. When reference is made to a specific figure or figures, these figures are to be taken in combination with the other figures for the recognition of the designated reference numerals. The references of the unchanged elements or having the same function are common to all the figures, and the variant embodiments.
[041] Ces figures, et la figure 1 en particulier, divulguent une structure de véhicule automobile réalisant un bac 1 , 2, 8, 9, 10 de batterie selon la définition du présent texte, mais en variante non représentée ce bac 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 est par exemple rapporté sous ou sur la structure de ce véhicule. [041] These figures, and Figure 1 in particular, disclose a motor vehicle structure forming a battery tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 according to the definition of this text, but in a variant not shown this tray 1, 2 , 8, 9, 10 is for example attached under or on the structure of this vehicle.
[042] Pour la variante illustrée sur la figure 1 , cette structure de véhicule comprend : [042] For the variant illustrated in Figure 1, this vehicle structure comprises:
- un plancher 1 comprenant une tôle 2 ayant une face inférieure 2i, et une face opposée supérieure 2s destinée à être orientée vers un habitacle 3 du véhicule, - un module 4, qui est l’un des exemples possibles d’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21 , pour le stockage d’énergie électrique, et qui comprend une face d’appui 5, - a floor 1 comprising a sheet 2 having a lower face 2i, and an opposite upper face 2s intended to be oriented towards a passenger compartment 3 of the vehicle, - a module 4, which is one of the possible examples of electrochemical battery cell 4, 21, for the storage of electrical energy, and which comprises a support surface 5,
- une plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24 du module 4. ce module 4 est positionné entre la face inférieure 2i et cette plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24, et cette structure comprend un moyen de fixation 6, 7 fixant le module 4 de batterie au plancher 1 , la face d’appui 5 étant plaquée contre la face inférieure 2i de la tôle 2 et en contact sur cette face inférieure 2i. - a cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24 of the module 4. this module 4 is positioned between the lower face 2i and this cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and this structure comprises a fixing means 6, 7 fixing the battery module 4 to the floor 1, the support face 5 being pressed against the lower face 2i of the sheet 2 and in contact on this lower face 2i.
[043] Cette structure de véhicule forme généralement un habitacle 3, entre le plancher 1 et un pavillon reliés entre eux par des montants, mais pas nécessairement. Cela peut-être la structure d’un véhicule autonome sans passager ni conducteur. L’habitacle 3 se comprendra alors comme la partie de la structure située au-dessus du plancher 1. [043] This vehicle structure generally forms a passenger compartment 3, between the floor 1 and a pavilion interconnected by uprights, but not necessarily. This may be the structure of an autonomous vehicle without a passenger or driver. The passenger compartment 3 will then be understood as the part of the structure located above the floor 1.
[044] Le module de batterie 4, et/ou les cellules 21 qu’il contient, est donc fixé directement au plancher 1 de la structure du véhicule, ce qui permet d’éloigner selon l’axe Z le module 4 de la surface de roulage du véhicule. L’expression « directement fixé au plancher 1 » doit se comprendre dans le sens où la face d’appui 5 est plaquée contre la face inférieure 2i de la tôle 2 et en contact sur cette face inférieure 2i. [044] The battery module 4, and/or the cells 21 that it contains, is therefore fixed directly to the floor 1 of the structure of the vehicle, which makes it possible to move the module 4 along the Z axis away from the surface. vehicle driving. The expression "directly fixed to the floor 1" must be understood in the sense that the support face 5 is pressed against the lower face 2i of the sheet 2 and in contact on this lower face 2i.
[045] Ce module 4 comprend par exemple des cellules 21 prismatiques reliées entre elles par des plaquettes de connexions inter cellules. Il est avantageux de placer les cellules en contact avec le moyen de refroidissement 13 via le module 4. Mais cette invention est tout autant applicable pour toutes les autres architectures de module 4, et notamment les cellules 21 cylindriques, ou sous forme de poches. [045] This module 4 comprises, for example, prismatic cells 21 interconnected by inter-cell connection plates. It is advantageous to place the cells in contact with the cooling means 13 via the module 4. But this invention is just as applicable for all the other module 4 architectures, and in particular the cylindrical cells 21, or in the form of pockets.
[046] Idéalement le module 4 est lui-même prismatique mais ce n’est pas obligatoire. La face d’appui 5 sera idéalement plane mais ce n’est pas obligatoire non plus, elle peut être de frome quelconque. Mais si l’on souhaite un échange thermique supplémentaire à la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24, en diffusant la chaleur émise par le module 4 au travers du plancher 1 , il sera avantageux que cette face d’appui épouse la surface inférieure 2i de la tôle 2. En effet, comme expliqué précédemment, il est avantageux d’insérer la pâte thermique entre la face d’appui 5 et la face inférieure 2i, et pour minimiser la quantité utilisée de cette pâte il est avantageux que la face inférieur 2i soit en correspondance de forme avec la face d’appui 5. [047] Le moyen de fixation 6, 7 fixant le module 4 de batterie au plancher 1 comprend par exemple une vis (représentée par un trait d’axe 6) traversant un trou du module 4, et dont l’extrémité filetée coopère avec un écrou 7 soudé directement ou indirectement sous le plancher 1 comme illustré sur les figures 1. Cet écrou 7 est par exemple soudé sur la surface inférieure 2i ou sur une poutre 8. [046] Ideally module 4 is itself prismatic but this is not mandatory. The bearing surface 5 will ideally be flat but this is not obligatory either, it can be of any shape. But if an additional heat exchange is desired at the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, by diffusing the heat emitted by the module 4 through the floor 1, it will be advantageous for this support face to marry the surface bottom 2i of the sheet 2. Indeed, as explained above, it is advantageous to insert the thermal paste between the support face 5 and the lower face 2i, and to minimize the amount of this paste used it is advantageous that the lower face 2i is in shape correspondence with the support face 5. [047] The fixing means 6, 7 fixing the battery module 4 to the floor 1 comprises for example a screw (represented by an axis line 6) passing through a hole in the module 4, and whose threaded end cooperates with a nut 7 welded directly or indirectly under the floor 1 as illustrated in Figures 1. This nut 7 is for example welded to the lower surface 2i or to a beam 8.
[048] Mais d’autres moyens de fixation 6, 7 sont possibles en substitution ou en complément. Par exemple on pourra insérer la pâte thermo-conductrice ou un élément déformable thermoconducteur entre la face inférieure 2i et la face d’appui 5. La vis sert alors par exemple de pré maintien du module 4 le temps que la colle se polymérise ou se réticulise, voire la vis n’est pas nécessaire si à la mise en place du module ce module est maintenu en place par un moyen de montage le temps que la colle de polymérise. [048] But other fastening means 6, 7 are possible as a substitute or in addition. For example, the heat-conducting paste or a deformable heat-conducting element can be inserted between the lower face 2i and the bearing face 5. The screw then serves, for example, to pre-hold the module 4 while the glue polymerizes or crosslinks. , or even the screw is not necessary if, when the module is put in place, this module is held in place by a mounting means while the glue is polymerizing.
[049] Ce plancher 1 comprend par exemple une poutre 8 fixée, au moins sur une partie de sa longueur, directement sur la face inférieure 2i. [049] This floor 1 comprises for example a beam 8 fixed, at least over part of its length, directly on the underside 2i.
[050] Cette poutre 8 est par exemple un profilé en tôle d’acier emboutie ayant une section en « V » ou en « U », cette section étant fermée par la face inférieure 2i de la tôle 2. En particulier cette poutre 8 est soudée par points de soudure électrique simples ou doubles sur la face inférieure 2i, mais d’autres moyens de fixation sont envisageables comme des soudures par apport de métal, des rivetages, vissage, collage. [050] This beam 8 is for example a stamped sheet steel profile having a "V" or "U" section, this section being closed by the lower face 2i of the sheet 2. In particular this beam 8 is welded by simple or double electric welding points on the underside 2i, but other fastening means are possible such as welds by adding metal, riveting, screwing, gluing.
[051] Cette structure comprend par exemple un longeron 9, selon l’axe X, fixé directement sur la face inférieure 2i et formant avec la poutre 8 et la tôle 2 une alvéole logeant le module 4 de batterie. [051] This structure comprises for example a spar 9, along the X axis, fixed directly to the underside 2i and forming with the beam 8 and the sheet 2 a cell housing the battery module 4.
[052] Ce longeron 9, comme la poutre 8, sera par exemple fixée par soudage par points électrique. Comme pour la poutre 8, ce longeron 9 est par exemple une tôle d’acier emboutie. Ce longeron est, de façon connue, situé à proximité du bas de caisse, selon l’axe X et sur un côté de la caisse, et assure la rigidité longitudinale de la structure. [052] This spar 9, like the beam 8, will for example be fixed by electric spot welding. As for the beam 8, this spar 9 is for example a stamped steel sheet. This spar is, in a known manner, located near the bottom of the body, along the X axis and on one side of the body, and ensures the longitudinal rigidity of the structure.
[053] Cette poutre 8 est par exemple une traverse transversale au longeron 9 et fixée à une de ses extrémités directement au longeron 9, par exemple par soudage. [053] This beam 8 is for example a transverse crosspiece to the spar 9 and fixed at one of its ends directly to the spar 9, for example by welding.
[054] Ces poutres 8 participent directement aux renforcement de la structure puisqu’elles sont directement liées aux longerons 9 et au plancher 1. [054] These beams 8 participate directly in the reinforcement of the structure since they are directly linked to the side members 9 and to the floor 1.
[055] Cette structure comprend une plaque de carénage 10 distante de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24 et recouvrant la plaque de refroidissement 13,[055] This structure comprises a fairing plate 10 remote from the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24 and covering the cooling plate 13,
22, 23, 24 et une face 11 du module, cette face 11 étant opposée à la face d’appui 5, cette plaque de carénage 10 étant fixée directement ou indirectement au plancher 1 de façon étanche. 22, 23, 24 and a face 11 of the module, this face 11 being opposite the support face 5, this fairing plate 10 being fixed directly or indirectly to the floor 1 in a sealed manner.
[056] On comprendra par plaque de carénage 10, dans tout le texte de ce document, une plaque ou paroi agencée de sorte à : [056] By fairing plate 10, throughout the text of this document, we will understand a plate or wall arranged so as to:
- faciliter l’écoulement d’un flux d’air provoqué par la vitesse du véhicule en marche, en évitant des pertes de charge aérodynamiques dues au franchissement d’obstacles à son écoulement, ces obstacles étant des éléments du véhicule, notamment des organes de batterie, moteur, structure de caisse, transmission, train roulant, et - facilitate the flow of an air flow caused by the speed of the vehicle in motion, avoiding aerodynamic pressure drops due to the crossing of obstacles to its flow, these obstacles being elements of the vehicle, in particular organs of battery, engine, body structure, transmission, running gear, and
- protéger ces éléments du véhicule contre des projectiles de la route, par exemple des projections d’eau. - protect these parts of the vehicle against projectiles from the road, for example splashing water.
[057] Cette étanchéité se comprend, dans tout le texte de ce document, comme étant une étanchéité d’un espace interne compris entre le plancher 1 et la plaque de carénage 10 vis-à-vis des agressions extérieures au module 4, par exemple des projections d’eau ou de boue, mais aussi vis-à-vis de gaz toxiques, gaz chauds, pouvant être émis par le module 4 ou l’une de ses cellules 21, tant que ce gaz ne dépasse pas une pression seuil prédéterminée et/ou une température seuil prédéterminée. [057] This sealing is understood, throughout the text of this document, as being a sealing of an internal space between the floor 1 and the fairing plate 10 vis-à-vis attacks external to the module 4, for example splashes of water or mud, but also vis-à-vis toxic gases, hot gases, which can be emitted by the module 4 or one of its cells 21, as long as this gas does not exceed a predetermined threshold pressure and/or a predetermined threshold temperature.
[058] La distance entre la plaque de carénage 10 et la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24 permet à la plaque de carénage 10 de se déformer en cas de choc, sans venir impacter la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24 et/ou le module 4. [058] The distance between the fairing plate 10 and the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24 allows the fairing plate 10 to deform in the event of an impact, without impacting the cooling plate 13, 22, 23 , 24 and/or module 4.
[059] On notera que cette plaque de carénage 10, le plancher 1 et la tôle 2, la poutre 8, le longeron 9, forment un exemple de bac 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 de batterie selon l’invention, aussi dénommé carter 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 de batterie. Comme décrit précédemment, un autre exemple de bac plus connu de l’homme du métier comprend un réceptacle logeant les modules 4, ce réceptacle étant fermé par un couvercle, ce bac étant alors rapporté et vissé sur une structure du véhicule. [059] It will be noted that this fairing plate 10, the floor 1 and the sheet 2, the beam 8, the spar 9, form an example of a battery tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 according to the invention, also referred to as housing 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 battery. As described previously, another example of a tray more familiar to those skilled in the art comprises a receptacle housing the modules 4, this receptacle being closed by a cover, this tray then being attached and screwed onto a structure of the vehicle.
[060] Toujours en référence à la figure 1 , Par exemple, cette plaque de carénage 10 est, par exemple, fixée directement sur une face inférieure de la poutre 8, ce qui permet des points de fixation en partie centrale de la plaque de carénage 10. [060] Still with reference to Figure 1, For example, this fairing plate 10 is, for example, fixed directly to an underside of the beam 8, which allows fixing points in the central part of the fairing plate 10.
[061] Alternativement ou en combinaison, cette plaque de carénage 10 est fixée directement sur une face inférieure 9i du longeron 9. [061] Alternatively or in combination, this fairing plate 10 is fixed directly to an underside 9i of the spar 9.
[062] Cette structure comprend par exemple deux longerons 9 parallèles, la poutre 8, la tôle 2 et la plaque de carénage 10, cet ensemble délimitant l’espace interne étanche logeant le module 4 et la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. [063] La figure 2 illustre en particulier cette plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. Elle comprend par exemple une première paroi 23 et une deuxième paroi 24 définissant entre-elles un volume 22 de circulation d’un fluide caloporteur, la première paroi 23 étant plaquée contre le module 4. [062] This structure comprises for example two parallel beams 9, the beam 8, the sheet 2 and the fairing plate 10, this assembly defining the sealed internal space housing the module 4 and the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. [063] Figure 2 illustrates in particular this cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. It comprises for example a first wall 23 and a second wall 24 defining between them a volume 22 of circulation of a heat transfer fluid, the first wall 23 being pressed against the module 4.
[064] Ce volume 22 fait par exemple partie d’un circuit de refroidissement du module 4. Ce circuit comprend en outre une pompe de circulation, un échangeur, éventuellement un réchauffeur, et un vase d’expansion lorsque ce fluide est par exemple sous forme liquide, ainsi qu’une conduite de circulation du fluide reliant en boucle fermée l’ensemble des éléments précités. Cette circulation du fluide, par exemple de l’eau glycolée, se fait par l’actionnement de la pompe de circulation. [064] This volume 22 is for example part of a cooling circuit of the module 4. This circuit further comprises a circulation pump, an exchanger, possibly a heater, and an expansion tank when this fluid is for example under liquid form, as well as a fluid circulation line connecting all of the aforementioned elements in a closed loop. This circulation of the fluid, for example glycol water, is done by actuating the circulation pump.
[065] Les deux parois 23, 24 sont par exemple deux tôles soudées l’une à l’autre, ou collées. La première tôle 23 est par exemple plane et plaquée sur le module 4, et la seconde 24 est emboutie avec une forme de façon à constituer un canal parcouru par le fluide et décrivant un serpentin. [065] The two walls 23, 24 are for example two sheets welded to each other, or glued. The first sheet 23 is for example flat and flat against the module 4, and the second 24 is stamped with a shape so as to constitute a channel through which the fluid passes and describing a serpentine.
[066] Avantageusement ce serpentin sera uniformément réparti sur toute la face du module opposée 11. [066] Advantageously, this coil will be evenly distributed over the entire face of the opposite module 11.
[067] La première tôle 23 comprend par exemple un trou traversé par une vis fixant la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. sur le module 4. Mais d’autres moyens de fixation sont possibles en substitution ou en complément. Par exemple on pourra insérer une pâte 28 thermo-conductrice ou un élément déformable thermoconducteur entre la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24, et la face opposée 11 du module 4, cette pâte 28 ou élément déformable comprenant et/ou étant constitué d’une colle par exemple de type polyuréthane, mais d’autres type de colle sont envisageables. La vis sert alors par exemple de pré maintien de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. sur le module 4, le temps que la colle se polymérise ou se réticulise, voire la vis n’est pas nécessaire si à la mise en place de cette plaque, elle est maintenue en place par un moyen de montage le temps que la colle de polymérise, comme pour le moyen de fixation 6, 7 fixant le module 4 de batterie au plancher 1. [067] The first sheet 23 comprises for example a hole through which a screw fixing the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. on the module 4. But other fixing means are possible in substitution or in addition. For example, a heat-conductive paste 28 or a heat-conductive deformable element may be inserted between the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and the opposite face 11 of the module 4, this paste 28 or deformable element comprising and/or consisting an adhesive, for example of the polyurethane type, but other types of adhesive can be envisaged. The screw then serves, for example, as pre-holding of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. on the module 4, the time for the glue to polymerize or cross-link, or even the screw is not necessary if at the start in place of this plate, it is held in place by a mounting means while the glue polymerizes, as for the fixing means 6, 7 fixing the battery module 4 to the floor 1.
[068] Les figures 2 et 3 divulguent plus précisément le système de batterie de stockage d’énergie électrique selon l’invention. [068] Figures 2 and 3 more specifically disclose the electrical energy storage battery system according to the invention.
[069] Ce système de batterie de stockage d’énergie électrique comprend : [069] This electrical energy storage battery system includes:
- G élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21 comprenant, sur la face 11, le système de sécurité de dégazage 25 de l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4,- G electrochemical battery cell 4, 21 comprising, on the face 11, the degassing safety system 25 of the electrochemical battery cell 4,
21 , ce système de sécurité 25 étant apte à libérer le gaz chaud généré en cas de surchauffe de l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21, - la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24 de l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21, présentant une épaisseur, et en contact thermique avec la face 11 , et comprenant un trou 16 d’évacuation du gaz chaud, ce trou 16 traversant l’épaisseur de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24, 21, this safety system 25 being capable of releasing the hot gas generated in the event of overheating of the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21, - the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24 of the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21, having a thickness, and in thermal contact with the face 11, and comprising a hole 16 for evacuating the hot gas, this hole 16 passing through the thickness of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24,
- le conduit 20 canalisant le gaz chaud au travers du trou 16, ce conduit 20 étant refroidi par la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. - the conduit 20 channeling the hot gas through the hole 16, this conduit 20 being cooled by the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
[070] Ce conduit 20 présente une section constante et une longueur au moins égale à l’épaisseur de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. [070] This duct 20 has a constant section and a length at least equal to the thickness of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
[071] Sur la figure 2, ce conduit 20 a une longueur strictement supérieure à l’épaisseur de la plaque 13, 22, 23, 24, et est désaffleurant de chaque face principale de la plaque 13, 22, 23, 24. Ce désaffleurement peut être nul sur l’une des faces principales, ou sur les deux faces principales. En variante encore, ce conduit 20 peut être en retrait de l’une des faces principales, et être désaffleurant de l’autre face principale. On remarquera que selon l’exemple précédemment décrit, la première face principale est portée par la première tôle 23, et la deuxième face principale est portée par la deuxième tôle 24. [071] In Figure 2, this conduit 20 has a length strictly greater than the thickness of the plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and is flush with each main face of the plate 13, 22, 23, 24. This unevenness can be zero on one of the main faces, or on both main faces. As a further variant, this duct 20 can be set back from one of the main faces, and be out of flush with the other main face. It will be noted that according to the example described above, the first main face is carried by the first sheet 23, and the second main face is carried by the second sheet 24.
[072] Mais en variante, ce conduit 20 a une longueur égale à l’épaisseur de la plaque 13, 22, 23, 24. [072] But as a variant, this duct 20 has a length equal to the thickness of the plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
[073] Le trou 16, le conduit 20 et le système de sécurité 25 présentent une coaxialité permettant que le gaz chaud s’échappe par le conduit 20, cette caractéristique est présente également pour les autres variantes sans être obligatoire le système de sécurité 25 pouvant être légèrement désaxé. [073] The hole 16, the conduit 20 and the safety system 25 have a coaxiality allowing the hot gas to escape through the conduit 20, this feature is also present for the other variants without being mandatory the safety system 25 can to be slightly off balance.
[074] Cette conduite 20 est par exemple de section circulaire mais pas nécessairement. En particulier, la surface interne du conduit 20 peut comprendre une ou plusieurs protubérances radiales augmentant la convection thermique entre le gaz et la conduite 20, et/ou des ailettes augmentant la surface d’échange thermique de la conduite 20 avec le gaz. [074] This pipe 20 is for example of circular section but not necessarily. In particular, the internal surface of the pipe 20 can comprise one or more radial protrusions increasing the thermal convection between the gas and the pipe 20, and/or fins increasing the heat exchange surface of the pipe 20 with the gas.
[075] Quelle que soit la variante, l’une des extrémités 26 du conduit 20 est par exemple en contact thermique avec l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21.[075] Whatever the variant, one of the ends 26 of the conduit 20 is for example in thermal contact with the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21.
Ce contact thermique est par exemple un contact direct, cette extrémité 26 étant précontrainte contre l’élément de batterie 4, 21. Ce contact thermique est par exemple réalisé par continuité de matière avec l’élément de batterie 4, 21. Ce contact thermique est par exemple réalisé par l’insertion de la pâte thermique 28 entre l’extrémité 26 et l’élément de batterie 4, 21. This thermal contact is for example a direct contact, this end 26 being prestressed against the battery element 4, 21. This thermal contact is for example produced by continuity of material with the battery element 4, 21. This thermal contact is for example made by inserting the thermal paste 28 between the end 26 and the battery element 4, 21.
[076] Cette figure 2 illustre le module 4 comprenant trois cellules 21 , chacune de ces cellules 21 illustrant une variante différente selon l’invention. On distinguera la cellule « de gauche », la plus proche de l’origine du repère ZY porté sur la figure 2, la cellule « du centre », et la cellule « de droite » opposée à la cellule « de gauche ». [076] This figure 2 illustrates the module 4 comprising three cells 21, each of these cells 21 illustrating a different variant according to the invention. We will distinguish the “left” cell, closest to the origin of the ZY reference shown in FIG. 2, the “center” cell, and the “right” cell opposite the “left” cell.
[077] La cellule « de droite » représente une variante dans laquelle le conduit 20 est solidaire de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. On se reportera à la définition de « solidaire » précédemment explicitée dans la description générale. [077] The "right" cell represents a variant in which the conduit 20 is secured to the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24. Reference is made to the definition of "secured" previously explained in the general description.
[078] Les cellules « du centre » et « de gauche » représentent une variante dans laquelle le conduit 20 est une protrusion issue de l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21. En outre, ce conduit 20 loge le système de sécurité 25. [078] The "center" and "left" cells represent a variant in which the conduit 20 is a protrusion from the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21. In addition, this conduit 20 houses the safety system 25.
[079] La cellule « de gauche » illustre une variante dans laquelle le système de sécurité 25 est logé à une extrémité libre 27 du conduit 20. Ainsi, le jet de gaz 32 se forme en dehors de la conduite 20 mais tout le gaz traverse bien la conduite 20 ce qui a pour effet de rendre la convection thermique du gaz indépendante de la forme du jet de gaz 32. [079] The "left" cell illustrates a variant in which the safety system 25 is housed at a free end 27 of the pipe 20. Thus, the gas jet 32 is formed outside the pipe 20 but all the gas passes through well the pipe 20 which has the effect of making the thermal convection of the gas independent of the shape of the gas jet 32.
[080] A l’inverse, la cellule « du centre » illustre une variante dans laquelle le système de sécurité 25 est logé à une extrémité 26 opposée à l’extrémité libre 27 du conduit 20, présentant l’avantage de protéger le système de sécurité 25 en cas d’agression mécanique, notamment pendant une opération de montage ou de transport de l’élément de batterie 4, 21. [080] Conversely, the "center" cell illustrates a variant in which the security system 25 is housed at an end 26 opposite the free end 27 of the conduit 20, having the advantage of protecting the system from security 25 in the event of mechanical attack, in particular during an assembly or transport operation of the battery cell 4, 21.
[081] Indépendamment de ces variantes, ce système comprend par exemple la pâte thermique 28 comprimée entre la face 11 de l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21 et la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. [081] Independently of these variants, this system comprises for example the thermal paste 28 compressed between the face 11 of the electrochemical battery element 4, 21 and the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
[082] Cette pâte thermique 28 est représentée de façon originale en remplaçant les hachures habituelles par un ensemble de petits cercles, de sorte que la figure soit plus facilement lisible. Cette pâte 28 est par exemple de même composition que la pâte insérée entre le plancher 1 et le module 4, précédemment décrite. [082] This thermal paste 28 is represented in an original way by replacing the usual hatching with a set of small circles, so that the figure is more easily readable. This paste 28 is for example of the same composition as the paste inserted between the floor 1 and the module 4, previously described.
[083] On remarquera que pour les cellules « de gauche » et « du centre », la conduite 20 est issue de l’élément de batterie 4, 21 , et que par conséquent le diamètre externe de la conduite 20 est légèrement inférieur au diamètre du trou 16, pour des raisons de montage vis-à-vis des dispersions géométriques de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24, et des éléments de batterie 4, 21. La pâte 28 vient combler cet écart de diamètre de sorte que la conduction de chaleur s’opère efficacement entre cette plaque 13, 22, 23, 24, et l’élément de batterie 4,[083] It will be noted that for the "left" and "center" cells, the pipe 20 comes from the battery element 4, 21, and that consequently the external diameter of the pipe 20 is slightly smaller than the diameter hole 16, for mounting reasons vis-à-vis the geometric dispersions of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and the battery cells 4, 21. The paste 28 fills this gap in diameter so that heat conduction takes place efficiently between this plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and the battery cell 4,
21 (dont la conduite 20). 21 (including line 20).
[084] Mais la figure 2 illustre une variante (cellules « de gauche » et « du centre ») où cet écart est volontairement grand, de sorte que la pâte thermique 28 puisse déborder largement entre la conduite 20 et le trou 16, et ainsi prolonger la conduction thermique entre la plaque 13, 22, 23, 24, et la conduite 20 sur une grande partie de la longueur de la conduite 20, voire sur toute la longueur de la conduite. [084] But FIG. 2 illustrates a variant (“left” and “center” cells) where this difference is deliberately large, so that the thermal paste 28 can overflow widely between the pipe 20 and the hole 16, and thus extend the thermal conduction between the plate 13, 22, 23, 24, and the pipe 20 over a large part of the length of the pipe 20, or even over the entire length driving.
[085] La figure 1 et 3 illustrent un bac 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 délimitant un espace interne étanche logeant : [085] Figure 1 and 3 illustrate a tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 delimiting a sealed internal space housing:
- l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21, - the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21,
- la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24, - the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24,
- et le conduit 20. - and conduit 20.
[086] La figure 3 illustre en particulier ce bac 1 , 2, 8, 9, 10, et notamment la plaque de carénage 10, comprenant un système de canalisation à chicanes 29 du gaz chaud issu de la conduite 20, positionné entre la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24 et une paroi 10 du bac 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, c’est-à-dire la plaque de carénage 10 précédemment décrite. Ainsi ces chicanes 29 sont portées par la paroi 10 mais en variante elles sont portées par exemple par la deuxième paroi 24 de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24, voire une combinaison des deux. [087] Ces chicanes 29 sont représentées ici par des cloisons dont un ajourage sur chaque cloison est réalisé en quinconce avec l’ajourage de sa cloison voisine, cet ajourage étant un trou circulaire mais bien entendu, toute autre forme est envisageable, comme par exemple des cloisons de longueur différentes, voire remplacer les cloisons par des emboutis de la paroi 10 ou de la deuxième face principale de la plaque de refroidissement 13, 22, 23, 24. [086] Figure 3 illustrates in particular this tank 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, and in particular the fairing plate 10, comprising a baffled pipe system 29 for the hot gas from the pipe 20, positioned between the plate cooling 13, 22, 23, 24 and a wall 10 of the tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, that is to say the fairing plate 10 previously described. Thus these baffles 29 are carried by the wall 10 but alternatively they are carried for example by the second wall 24 of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24, or even a combination of the two. [087] These baffles 29 are represented here by partitions of which an opening on each partition is staggered with the opening of its neighboring partition, this opening being a circular hole but of course, any other shape is possible, such as for example partitions of different lengths, or even replacing the partitions with stamped parts of the wall 10 or of the second main face of the cooling plate 13, 22, 23, 24.
[088] Le « cheminement » du gaz au travers de ces chicanes 29 est représenté par un trait en pointillés 32 doté d’une flèche indiquant le sens de déplacement. La flèche en pointillés verticale et droite prend sa source à l’endroit où le gaz s’échappe d’une conduite 20 d’un premier module 4, par exemple. [088] The "path" of the gas through these baffles 29 is represented by a dotted line 32 with an arrow indicating the direction of movement. The vertical and right dotted arrow originates at the point where the gas escapes from a pipe 20 of a first module 4, for example.
[089] Ce bac 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprenant un moyen d’ouverture configuré pour : [089] This tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprising an opening means configured for:
- ouvrir ou fermer une ouverture 30, 31 du bac débouchant dans l’espace interne étanche, - open or close an opening 30, 31 of the tank opening into the sealed internal space,
- et pour laisser s’échapper, si l’ouverture 30, 31 est ouverte, le gaz chaud issu du système de canalisation à chicanes 29. - and to let escape, if the opening 30, 31 is open, the hot gas from the baffled pipe system 29.
[090] Cette ouverture 30, 31 est ici aménagée au travers de la plaque de carénage 10 mais ce n’est pas obligatoire, et peut être aménagée dans une paroi du longeron 9 ou de la poutre 8 de façon à profiter du « creux » du longeron ou de la poutre 9 pour prolonger le cheminement du gaz et le refroidir davantage. [091] Avantageusement, ce bac 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprend : [090] This opening 30, 31 is here fitted through the fairing plate 10 but this is not compulsory, and can be fitted in a wall of the spar 9 or of the beam 8 so as to take advantage of the "hollow" of the spar or of the beam 9 to extend the path of the gas and cool it further. [091] Advantageously, this tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprises:
- plusieurs moyens d’ouvertures, - several means of opening,
- plusieurs systèmes de sécurité de dégazage 25, et - several degassing safety systems 25, and
- un dispositif de contrôle agencé de sorte à commander à l’état ouvert le moyen d’ouverture le plus éloigné du système de sécurité 25 émettant le gaz chaud. - A control device arranged so as to control in the open state the farthest opening means of the security system 25 emitting the hot gas.
[092] Ces moyens d’ouvertures sont par exemple des vannes ou des clapets, comprenant un actionneur activé par le dispositif de contrôle. Ces moyens d’ouvertures comprennent en outre par exemple un système de sécurité supplémentaire, similaire au système de sécurité de dégazage 25 de l’élément de batterie électrochimique 4, 21 de sorte que, si le moyen d’ouverture est dysfonctionnel, le gaz chaud puisse malgré tout s’échapper du bac 1 , 2, 8, 9, 10 au-delà d’une pression et/ou température prédéterminée du gaz dans le bac 1, 2, 8, 9, 10. [092] These opening means are, for example, valves or valves, comprising an actuator activated by the control device. These opening means further comprise, for example, an additional safety system, similar to the degassing safety system 25 of the electrochemical battery cell 4, 21 so that, if the opening means is dysfunctional, the hot gas can nevertheless escape from tank 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 beyond a predetermined pressure and/or temperature of the gas in tank 1, 2, 8, 9, 10.
[093] Ce bac 1 , 2, 8, 9, 10 comprend par exemple un capteur de température et/ou de pression à proximité de chaque moyen d’ouverture, ce dispositif de contrôle comprenant les moyens d’acquisition, de traitement par instructions logicielles stockées dans une mémoire ainsi que les moyens de commande requis à mise en oeuvre d’un procédé exécutant les étapes de : [093] This tray 1, 2, 8, 9, 10 comprises for example a temperature sensor and / or pressure near each opening means, this control device comprising the means of acquisition, processing by instructions software stored in a memory as well as the control means required to implement a method executing the steps of:
- acquérir les températures et/ou pressions des capteurs de température et/ou pressions, - acquire the temperatures and/or pressures of the temperature and/or pressure sensors,
- déterminer si l’un des capteurs mesure une température et/ou pression dépassant un seuil prédéterminé, puis - determine if one of the sensors measures a temperature and/or pressure exceeding a predetermined threshold, then
- commander le moyen d’ouverture le plus éloigné du capteur mesurant la valeur au-dessus du seuil prédéterminé en position ouverte. - control the opening means farthest from the sensor measuring the value above the predetermined threshold in the open position.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Système de batterie de stockage d’énergie électrique comprenant : 1. Electric energy storage battery system including:
- un élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21 ) comprenant, sur une face (11 ), un système de sécurité de dégazage (25) de l’élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21), ce système de sécurité (25) étant apte à libérer un gaz chaud (32) généré en cas de surchauffe de l’élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21), - an electrochemical battery cell (4, 21) comprising, on one face (11), a degassing security system (25) of the electrochemical battery cell (4, 21), this security system (25) being capable of releasing a hot gas (32) generated in the event of overheating of the electrochemical battery cell (4, 21),
- une plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24) de l’élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21), présentant une épaisseur, et en contact thermique avec la face (11), et comprenant un trou (16) d’évacuation du gaz chaud, ce trou (16) traversant l’épaisseur de la plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24), - a cooling plate (13, 22, 23, 24) of the electrochemical battery cell (4, 21), having a thickness, and in thermal contact with the face (11), and comprising a hole (16) d evacuation of the hot gas, this hole (16) passing through the thickness of the cooling plate (13, 22, 23, 24),
- un conduit (20) canalisant le gaz chaud au travers du trou (16), ce conduit (20) étant refroidi par la plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24), caractérisé en ce que ce conduit (20) présente une section constante et une longueur au moins égale à l’épaisseur de la plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24). - a duct (20) channeling the hot gas through the hole (16), this duct (20) being cooled by the cooling plate (13, 22, 23, 24), characterized in that this duct (20) has a constant section and a length at least equal to the thickness of the cooling plate (13, 22, 23, 24).
2. Système selon la revendication 1, le conduit (20) étant solidaire de la plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24). 2. System according to claim 1, the conduit (20) being integral with the cooling plate (13, 22, 23, 24).
3. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, l’une des extrémités (26) du conduit (20) étant en contact thermique avec l’élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21). 3. System according to one of the preceding claims, one of the ends (26) of the conduit (20) being in thermal contact with the electrochemical battery cell (4, 21).
4. Système selon la revendication 1 , le conduit (20) étant une protrusion issue de l’élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21). 4. System according to claim 1, the conduit (20) being a protrusion from the electrochemical battery cell (4, 21).
5. Système selon la revendication 4, le conduit (20) logeant le système de sécurité (25). 5. System according to claim 4, the conduit (20) housing the security system (25).
6. Système selon la revendication 5, le système de sécurité (25) étant logé à une extrémité libre (27) du conduit (20). 6. System according to claim 5, the safety system (25) being housed at a free end (27) of the conduit (20).
7. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes, comprenant une pâte thermique (28) comprimée entre la face (11) de l’élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21) et la plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24). 7. System according to one of the preceding claims, comprising a thermal paste (28) compressed between the face (11) of the electrochemical battery cell (4, 21) and the cooling plate (13, 22, 23, 24 ).
8. Système selon l’une des revendications précédentes comprenant en outre un bac (1,8. System according to one of the preceding claims further comprising a tray (1,
2, 8, 9, 10) délimitant un espace interne étanche logeant : 2, 8, 9, 10) delimiting a sealed internal space housing:
- élément de batterie électrochimique (4, 21), - electrochemical battery element (4, 21),
- la plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24), - the cooling plate (13, 22, 23, 24),
- et le conduit (20), ce bac (1 , 2, 8, 9, 10) comprenant un système de canalisation à chicanes (29) du gaz chaud issu de la conduite (20), positionné entre la plaque de refroidissement (13, 22, 23, 24) et une paroi (10) du bac (1 , 2, 8, 9, 10). - and the pipe (20), this tray (1, 2, 8, 9, 10) comprising a baffled pipe system (29) for the hot gas from the pipe (20), positioned between the cooling plate (13 , 22, 23, 24) and a wall (10) of the tray (1, 2, 8, 9, 10).
9. Système selon la revendication 8, le bac (1 , 2, 8, 9, 10) comprenant un moyen d’ouverture configuré pour : 9. System according to claim 8, the tray (1, 2, 8, 9, 10) comprising an opening means configured to:
- ouvrir ou fermer une ouverture (30, 31) du bac débouchant dans l’espace interne étanche, - et pour laisser s’échapper, si l’ouverture (30, 31 ) est ouverte, le gaz chaud issu du système de canalisation à chicanes (29). - open or close an opening (30, 31) of the tank opening into the sealed internal space, - and to let escape, if the opening (30, 31) is open, the hot gas from the pipe system to baffles (29).
10. Système selon la revendication 9 comprenant : 10. System according to claim 9 comprising:
- plusieurs moyens d’ouvertures, - several means of opening,
- plusieurs systèmes de sécurité de dégazage (25), et - un dispositif de contrôle agencé de sorte à commander à l’état ouvert le moyen d’ouverture le plus éloigné du système de sécurité (25) émettant le gaz chaud. - several degassing safety systems (25), and - a control device arranged so as to control in the open state the opening means farthest from the safety system (25) emitting the hot gas.
EP22710131.8A 2021-04-20 2022-02-22 Electrical power storage battery system comprising a safety venting system Pending EP4327389A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2104090A FR3122040A1 (en) 2021-04-20 2021-04-20 ELECTRICAL ENERGY STORAGE BATTERY SYSTEM INCLUDING A GAS-RELEASE SAFETY SYSTEM
PCT/FR2022/050313 WO2022223892A1 (en) 2021-04-20 2022-02-22 Electrical power storage battery system comprising a safety venting system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4327389A1 true EP4327389A1 (en) 2024-02-28

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ID=76375232

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22710131.8A Pending EP4327389A1 (en) 2021-04-20 2022-02-22 Electrical power storage battery system comprising a safety venting system

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EP (1) EP4327389A1 (en)
CN (1) CN117178408A (en)
FR (1) FR3122040A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2022223892A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL7110795A (en) 1970-08-10 1972-02-14
US11024901B2 (en) 2018-01-19 2021-06-01 Hanon Systems Battery cooling plate with integrated air vents

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FR3122040A1 (en) 2022-10-21
WO2022223892A1 (en) 2022-10-27
CN117178408A (en) 2023-12-05

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