EP4320742A1 - Procede de formation d'un faisceau composite par combinaison lineaire de faisceaux orthogonaux d'un reseau d'antennes de communication radio - Google Patents
Procede de formation d'un faisceau composite par combinaison lineaire de faisceaux orthogonaux d'un reseau d'antennes de communication radioInfo
- Publication number
- EP4320742A1 EP4320742A1 EP22718749.9A EP22718749A EP4320742A1 EP 4320742 A1 EP4320742 A1 EP 4320742A1 EP 22718749 A EP22718749 A EP 22718749A EP 4320742 A1 EP4320742 A1 EP 4320742A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radio signal
- beams
- antenna array
- equipment
- phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
- H04B7/06952—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping
- H04B7/06966—Selecting one or more beams from a plurality of beams, e.g. beam training, management or sweeping using beam correspondence; using channel reciprocity, e.g. downlink beam training based on uplink sounding reference signal [SRS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
- H04L5/0051—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of dedicated pilots, i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0091—Signalling for the administration of the divided path, e.g. signalling of configuration information
- H04L5/0094—Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated
Definitions
- DESCRIPTION TITLE Process for forming a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of a network of radio communication antennas
- Field of the invention is that of networks of radio communication antennas. More particularly, the invention relates to a method of forming a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an array of radio communication antennas. This method is particularly interesting in the case where a transmitting equipment and a receiving equipment are not in line of sight.
- PRIOR ART AND ITS DRAWBACKS Linear or planar antenna arrays are commonly used for radio communications both in transmission and in reception.
- the new mobile communication standards such as the 5G standard, or fifth generation of standards for mobile telephony, propose to use new radio frequency bands such as the millimeter frequency band which extends from 30 to 300 GHz.
- the use of this millimetric frequency band makes it possible to meet the growing need for data exchange, which is at the heart of the issues that the 5G standard seeks to solve.
- the millimeter frequency band has some disadvantages compared to historical frequency bands, such as higher free-space propagation losses, as well as higher penetration losses.
- the use of radio communication antenna arrays makes it possible to compensate for propagation losses in free space thanks to the implementation of energy focusing techniques.
- a classic technique consists in controlling the transmission or reception of an antenna array by means of a linear phase law applied to the signals (known as electrical signals as opposed to the radio signal transmitted by an antenna) processed by the various component antennas antenna array to focus the associated radio signal energy in a desired direction.
- Such a technique is commonly referred to as beamforming or beam formation in French.
- the known beamforming techniques are implemented by modulating the amplitude and the phase of the multi-carrier signals, for example, OFDM on the margins of their processing, that is to say before their transmission or after their reception, by the antennas of the radio communication antenna array.
- beamforming There are basically two possible implementations for beamforming, commonly referred to as digital and analog beamforming.
- each antenna of the antenna array is associated with its own digital-analog converter (DAC).
- DAC digital-analog converter
- the amplitude and phase modulation of the OFDM signals can then be performed in baseband for each subcarrier and without quantization.
- This implementation is efficient and makes it possible to significantly increase the signal-to-noise ratio or the spectral efficiency, but it is also very expensive in terms of hardware design and energy consumption for the frequency band considered, in particular because each converter analog-digital is associated with an antenna of the antenna array.
- the amplitude and phase modulation of the OFDM signal emitted by each antenna of the antenna array is performed following the generation of the analog signal by a digital-analog converter CAN.
- phase and amplitude modulation of the OFDM signal processed by each antenna of the antenna array is carried out via phase shifters and gain control amplifiers respectively.
- the processing thus carried out is said to be broadband because the amplitude and phase modulation cannot be carried out by sub-carrier and is therefore the same over the whole of the frequency band used.
- the implementation of an analog solution constrains the antenna array to emit pilot signals (used for the estimation of the propagation channel) common to all the antennas making up the antenna array.
- a pilot signal is therefore modulated in amplitude and in phase on the sidelines of its processing by the antennas of the antenna array, unlike a digital implementation where each antenna is associated with its own pilot signal.
- the main difficulty introduced by the use of networks of radio communication antennas, is to determine the amplitude and phase modulation to be used at the level of each antenna in order to focus the energy in the most optimal way possible.
- a typical technique for analog beamforming solutions is to transmit a set of pilot signals in a plurality of directions, each pilot signal being associated with a given direction of transmission.
- a receiver equipment can thus determine the best pilot resource, in terms of power received, and therefore the most favorable transmission direction for the propagation of a signal. This technique is commonly called beamsweeping.
- Such a scanning technique can be implemented by modifying over time, from one OFDM symbol to another for example, a linear phase shift applied to the pilot signal transmitted by the various antennas of the antenna array of the transmitting equipment. .
- the amplitude and phase modulation applied to the radio signals received by antennas of an antenna array of the receiving equipment is fixed so as to evaluate only the processing applied to the pilot signals prior to their transmission.
- These scanning techniques can also be applicable in reception. To do this, a time-invariant transmission beam, on the scale of a few OFDM symbols for example, is used while beam scanning is carried out in reception. In this case, no feedback is necessary because the transmitter does not need to know the reception beam to define the transmission beam.
- the invention meets this need by proposing a method for forming a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an array of antennas belonging to equipment intended to transmit a radio signal whose energy is focused according to the beam composite, the method comprising the following steps implemented by equipment receiving said radio signal: - estimation, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, of a propagation channel of the signal radio by means of data collected during a scanning of all the orthogonal beams of the antenna array carried out by said transmitter equipment, -determination of the coefficients of a broadband covariance matrix from the at least one propagation channel estimated, - selection of an eigenvector of said broadband covariance matrix associated with an eigenvalue of said strongest broadband covariance matrix,
- Such a method makes it possible to form a composite beam more suited to the propagation channel in the case where a transmitter equipment and a receiver equipment are not in line of sight. Indeed, it is proven that the optimal combination in terms of SNR signal-to-noise ratio is obtained thanks to the eigenvector of the broadband covariance matrix associated with the highest eigenvalue. The principle is applied here to the broadband covariance matrix. It is then possible to identify the appropriate eigenvector and to deduce, from the values of the components of the identified eigenvector, phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal processed by at least one antenna of the antenna array corresponding to the radio signal to form the composite beam.
- the equipment transmitting the radio signal carries out the scanning of the orthogonal beams formed by its array of antennas and transmits to the equipment receiving the radio signal the data collected during the scanning procedure. This is a transmission scanning procedure during which a linear phase shift is applied to the pilot signal transmitted by the various antennas of the antenna array of the transmitting equipment.
- the receiving equipment transmits to the transmitting equipment a message comprising parameters relating to modulation coefficients in phase and in amplitude to be applied to the signals corresponding to the radio signals intended to be transmitted by the antennas of the antenna array of the transmitting equipment in order to generate the composite beam for which the signal-to-noise ratio SNR or the received power is the highest.
- the training method may comprise, prior to the step of transmitting said return message, the following steps of: creating a subset of beams comprising at least one beam selected from among the set of orthogonal beams of said network of antennas, - selection of a weighting vector relating to said subset of beams in a reduced broadband covariance matrix, a component of the weighting vector relating to said subset of beams corresponding to a weighting coefficient associated with a beam of the sub- set of beams, - determination of the values of the components of a quantized weight vector, said values of the components of said quantized weight vector being obtained by rounding a value of a modulus and a value of an argument of the components of said weight vector relating to said subset of beams to at least one possible state defined by a number of quantization bits used to code the amplitude and phase values, -generation of said return message, said parameters relating to modulation coefficients in phase and in amplitude comprising identifiers of the beams included in said subset of beams and
- the subset of beams comprises the L beams for which a reception power of the received signal is the highest.
- the subset of beams comprises the L beams for which a modulus of the component of the weighting vector relative to said corresponding subset of beams is the highest.
- the step of creating the subset of beams comprises the following steps of: a) selection of at least one beam f, from among the set of N orthogonal beams formed by the antenna array, for which a power in reception of the radio signal is the highest, b) determination of (N-1) reduced broadband covariance matrices of dimensions 2 ⁇ 2, a reduced broadband covariance matrix of dimensions 2 ⁇ 2 corresponding to a combination of the beam f with one of the (N-1) remaining beams, c) determination of the eigenvalues for the set of (N-1) reduced broadband covariance matrices of dimensions 2 ⁇ 2, d) selection, among the ( N-1) remaining bundles, of a second bundle f' corresponding to the eigenvalue of the strongest reduced broadband covariance matrix of dimensions 2 ⁇ 2, e) steps b) to d) being repeated until obtaining a number
- This third embodiment variant makes it possible, like the two preceding variants, to adapt the information returned to the transmitter equipment according to the capabilities of processing of the latter or even according to constraints linked to the environment in which the radio signal propagates.
- This third variant has increased performance compared to the two previous ones because the L beams selected are improved with respect to their ability to combine with each other correctly to offer greater received power.
- the invention also relates to a device configured to form a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an antenna array belonging to equipment intended to transmit a radio signal whose energy is focused according to the composite beam, the device comprising means for: - receiving said radio signal, - estimating, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, a propagation channel of the radio signal by means of data collected during a scan of the set of orthogonal beams of the antenna array made by said transmitter equipment, - determining coefficients of a broadband covariance matrix from the at least one estimated propagation channel, - selecting an eigenvector of said matrix of broadband covariance associated with an eigenvalue of said strongest broadband covariance matrix, a component of the selected eigenvector, called vect weighting factor, corresponding to a weighting coefficient associated with a beam of said antenna array, - determining parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal corresponding to a processed
- the invention also relates to communication equipment comprising at least one device configured to form a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an array of antennas belonging to equipment intended to transmit a radio signal whose energy is focused according to the composite beam, the device comprising means for: - receiving said radio signal, - estimating, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, a propagation channel of the radio signal by means of data collected during a scan of all the orthogonal beams of the antenna array carried out by said transmitter equipment, - determining the coefficients of a broadband covariance matrix from the at least one estimated propagation channel, - selecting an eigenvector of said broadband covariance matrix associated with an eigenvalue of said strongest broadband covariance matrix, a co component of the selected eigenvector, called weighting vector, corresponding to a weighting coefficient associated with a beam of said antenna array, - determining parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal corresponding
- the radio signal is typically transmitted by a base station, such as an eNodeB for radio communication networks conforming to the LTE or LTE standard Advanced, or a gNB for radio communication networks conforming to the 5G standard, and is intended to be received by a user's mobile terminal.
- the receiving equipment is a user's mobile terminal.
- the radio signal is typically emitted by a user's mobile terminal and is intended to be received by a base station, such as an eNodeB for radio communication networks conforming to the LTE or LTE Advanced standard, or a gNB for radio communication networks compliant with the 5G standard.
- the receiving equipment is a base station.
- the invention also proposes a method for generating a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an antenna array belonging to equipment intended to emit a radio signal whose energy is focused according to the composite beam, said method being implemented by the transmitter equipment and comprising the following steps: - scanning, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, of all the orthogonal beams of said antenna array , - transmission of data collected during the scanning of all the orthogonal beams to equipment intended to receive the radio signal, - reception of a message sent by the receiving equipment, said message comprising parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal corresponding to a radio signal processed in transmission by at least one antenna of said network of radio communication antennas, said modulation coefficients being determined as a function of values of the components of an eigenvector of a broadband covariance matrix whose coefficients are determined from an estimate of a propagation channel obtained by means of the data collected during the scanning of the set of orthogonal
- Such a method is implemented by the equipment transmitting the radio signal which scans the beams generated by its own antenna array.
- the transmitter equipment In order to be able to generate the composite beam offering high reception power to the radio signal receiver equipment, the transmitter equipment must have parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal processed by at least one antenna of its antenna array corresponding to the radio signal supplied to it by the receiver equipment.
- the subject of the invention is communication equipment configured to generate a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an array of antennas belonging to said communication equipment, said communication equipment intended to emit a radio signal whose the energy is focused according to the composite beam, the communication equipment comprising means for: - scanning, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, all of the orthogonal beams said antenna array, - transmitting data collected during the scanning of all the orthogonal beams to equipment intended to receive the radio signal, - receiving a message transmitted by the receiving equipment, said message comprising parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal corresponding to a signal r audio processed in transmission by at least one antenna of said network of radio communication antennas, said modulation coefficients being determined as a function of values of the components of an eigenvector of a broadband covariance matrix whose coefficients are determined from an estimate of a propagation channel obtained by means of the data collected during the scanning
- the radio signal is typically transmitted by a base station, such as an eNodeB for radio communication networks conforming to the LTE or LTE Advanced standard, or a gNB for radio communication networks conforming to the 5G standard, and is intended to be received by a mobile terminal of a user.
- the transmitter equipment is a base station.
- the radio signal is typically emitted by a user's mobile terminal and is intended to be received by a base station, such as an eNodeB for radio communication networks conforming to the LTE or LTE Advanced standard, or a gNB for radio communication networks compliant with the 5G standard.
- the sending equipment is a user's terminal.
- the invention finally relates to computer program products comprising program code instructions for implementing the methods as described previously, when they are executed by a processor.
- the invention also relates to a recording medium readable by a computer on which are recorded computer programs comprising program code instructions for the execution of the steps of the methods according to the invention as described above.
- a recording medium can be any entity or device capable of storing programs.
- the medium may comprise a storage means, such as a ROM, for example a CD ROM or a microelectronic circuit ROM, or else a magnetic recording means, for example a USB key or a hard disk.
- such a recording medium can be a transmissible medium such as an electrical or optical signal, which can be conveyed via an electrical or optical cable, by radio or by other means, so that the programs computers it contains are executable remotely.
- the programs according to the invention can in particular be downloaded from a network, for example the Internet network.
- the recording medium may be an integrated circuit in which the programs are incorporated, the circuit being suitable for executing or for being used in the execution of the aforementioned methods which are objects of the invention.
- this figure represents the beams f1 with orthogonal fN for an antenna array comprising 8 antennas
- this figure represents the steps of the methods for forming and generating a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an antenna array of a communication device according to the invention
- [fig. 4] this figure represents a first embodiment of the methods for forming and generating a composite beam according to the invention
- this figure represents a second embodiment of the methods of forming and generating a composite beam according to the invention
- [fig.6] this figure represents the results of the application of a method of forming a state-of-the-art composite beam as well as processes for forming and generating a composite beam with a pair of transmitter equipment EE – receiver equipment ER which are not in line of sight
- [fig. 7] this figure represents the performances obtained following the application of the second embodiment of the solution according to the invention
- [fig. 8] this figure represents the performances obtained following the application of the second embodiment of the solution according to the invention
- [fig. 9] this figure represents the performances obtained following the application of the second embodiment of the solution according to the invention
- this figure represents the performances obtained following the application of the first embodiment of the solution according to the invention
- [fig. 11] this figure represents the performances obtained following the application of the first embodiment of the solution according to the invention
- [fig. 12] this figure represents the performance degradation due to phase quantification for the WL ⁇ PO method and due to amplitude and phase quantification for the WL method
- [fig. 13] this figure represents a device capable of implementing the methods of the objects of the invention
- [fig. 14] this figure represents the device connected to a phase modulator of an antenna of the antenna array.
- the general principle of the invention is based on the formation of a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an antenna array of communication equipment by determining the combination of orthogonal beams which makes it possible to offer a high value of power in reception of a radio signal whose energy is focused according to the composite beam.
- the invention proposes to determine parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to signals processed by the antennas of the antenna array considered corresponding to the radio signal in order to form the appropriate composite beam as a function of a broadband covariance matrix of the multi-carrier propagation channel of the radio signal.
- the invention is based on the use of the so-called Woodward-Lawson method combined with the search for a principal component of an estimate of a multi-carrier propagation channel.
- the Woodward-Lawson method makes it possible to form a composite beam from a linear combination of orthogonal beams with a linear phase law.
- the shape of a beam generated by an antenna array is characterized by the array factor.
- the array factor of an antenna array oriented according to is given by: correspond respectively to the number of antennas composing the network of radio communication antennas, to the wave number, to the excitation of the antenna and the position of the antenna.
- ⁇ ⁇ corresponds to the beam depointing angle in azimuth.
- the Woodward-Lawson method proposes to construct a composite beam from a linear combination of orthogonal beams with a linear phase law. The orthogonality of the sheaves is ensured by choosing ⁇ ⁇ such that: For example, the beams N orthogonal for an antenna array comprising 8 antennas are shown in [Fig.2].
- the orthogonality of the beams is checked visually by the presence of zero radiation values at the level of the maximum radiation of each beam.
- the Woodward-Lawson beam is finally formed by linearly combining the orthogonal bundles in the following way: where b ⁇ is the complex weighting coefficient associated with each orthogonal beam.
- the amplitude and phase modulation i O7, ⁇ to be applied to the n antenna of the antenna array to obtain is given by:
- the search for the main component of the multi-carrier propagation channel is used to determine the complex coefficient b ⁇ associated with each beam with the aim of maximizing the power received by the equipment receiving the radio signal.
- a scanning of all the N orthogonal beams f1 to f N of the antenna array of communication equipment E is performed for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used, in baseband, to carry the radio signal.
- the scanning is carried out by the equipment transmitting the radio signal EE.
- Such a scanning technique consists in transmitting pilot signals in a set of directions, where each pilot signal is associated with a direction of transmission and where a direction of transmission corresponds to one of the beams f 1 to f N .
- the transmitter equipment EE modifies over time, from one OFDM symbol to another for example, the linear phase shift applied to the pilot signals transmitted by the various antennas of the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE.
- the amplitude and phase modulation applied to the signal, corresponding to the radio signal received by the antennas of the antenna array of the receiver equipment ER is fixed so as to evaluate only the processing applied by the transmitter equipment EE, this amounts to forming a single beam fR.
- the receiver equipment ER can thus determine the best beam, in terms of power received, and therefore the most favorable transmission direction for the propagation of the radio signal.
- the scanning is carried out by the receiver equipment ER of the radio signal.
- Such a scanning technique consists in receiving pilot signals in a set of directions, where each received pilot signal is associated with a reception direction and where a reception direction corresponds to one of the beams f 1 to f N .
- the receiver equipment ER modifies over time, from one OFDM symbol to another for example, the linear phase shift applied to the pilot signals received by the different antennas of the antenna network of the reception equipment ER .
- the amplitude and phase modulation applied to the signal corresponding to the radio signal emitted by the antennas of the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE is fixed so as to evaluate only the processing applied by the receiver equipment ER, this amounts to forming a single beam f E .
- the receiver equipment ER can thus determine the best reception beam, in terms of power received.
- the scanning of the beams is performed for all of the subcarriers of a frequency band used, in baseband, to transport the radio signal.
- the receiver equipment ER estimates, for the various sub-carriers k of the frequency band used to transmit the radio signal, a propagation channel of the radio signal.
- the scanning procedure carried out in step E1 therefore extends over as many OFDM symbols than beams to be evaluated.
- the transmitter equipment ER carrying out the scanning of beams comprises (N+1) antennas, N OFDM symbols are necessary to estimate the propagation channel using the set of orthogonal beams whose laws are defined by equations (2) and (4).
- the channel estimated in baseband by the receiver equipment ER is expressed: where k is the index of the subcarrier t where n is the index of the OFDM symbol.
- k ⁇ ] 1, ... , K _ , K being a natural number representing the total number of subcarriers the frequency band used to transmit the radio signal.
- the receiver equipment ER determines a broadband covariance matrix of a multi-carrier propagation channel of the radio signal from the different propagation channels estimated for all of the k sub-carriers of the radio signal band. frequencies used to transmit the radio signal.
- the broadband covariance matrix is calculated as follows: where K is the number of subcarriers of the frequency band used to transmit the radio signal.
- the receiver equipment ER selects an eigenvector of the wideband covariance matrix from among the set of eigenvectors of the wideband covariance matrix.
- the eigenvector thus selected is the eigenvector associated with the highest eigenvalue of the broadband covariance matrix. Indeed, for a given subcarrier k, it is demonstrated that the optimal combination in terms of signal-to-noise ratio SNR is obtained thanks to the eigenvector of the broadband covariance matrix associated with the highest eigenvalue.
- the weighting vector of the orthogonal beams is obtained by calculating: where eig ⁇ is the operator symbolizing the calculation of the eigenvectors followed by the selection of the eigenvector associated with the highest eigenvalue.
- the receiving equipment ER must transmit to the transmitting equipment EE parameters relating to modulation coefficients in phase and amplitude to be applied to the signals corresponding to the radio signals intended to be transmitted by the antennas of the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE in order to generate the composite beam for which the signal-to-noise ratio SNR is the highest.
- the receiver equipment ER determines parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal processed by at least one antenna of the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE and corresponding after transmission to the radio signal.
- the receiver equipment ER creates a subset of L beams comprising at least one beam selected from the set N of orthogonal beams of the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE.
- the L beams selected to form part of the subset of beams are the beams for which the received power of the radio signal is the highest.
- the receive power associated with each beam is given by the diagonal of the broadband covariance matrix ⁇ .
- the modulus of the components of the weight vector is calculated.
- the indices 1 to N of the L components of highest modulus correspond to the L beams f N selected to form the subset of beams.
- an index bundle associated with the highest power received by the receiver equipment ER is selected.
- the receiving equipment ER determines N ⁇ 1 broadband covariance matrices where f corresponds to the index of the beam associated with the highest power and where .
- Broadband covariance matrices are obtained from the broadband covariance matrix by selecting the rows and columns of index f and i.
- the receiver equipment ER then calculates the eigenvectors of the N ⁇ 1 broadband covariance matrices
- the receiver equipment ER calculates, in a step E6, a complex weighting L selected orthogonal beams. To do this, the receiver equipment ER determines a broadband covariance matrix by selecting the L rows and columns of the broadband covariance matrix associated with the beams selected during step E6. The weight vector is obtained by calculating the eigenvectors of the broadband covariance matrix and by selecting the eigenvector associated with the highest eigenvalue of the broadband covariance matrix The weight vector is finally obtained by creating an N-dimensional vector whose components correspond to the components of the weighting vector for the indices corresponding to those of the L selected beams.
- the receiver equipment ER quantifies in amplitude and in phase the components of the weighting vector c udvu5def .
- the number of quantization bits associated with the amplitude and the phase defines the number of possible states.
- the number of quantization bits is determined according to the maximum size that it is desired to give to the return message.
- N A bits and N P bits are used for amplitude and phase quantization respectively, states are possible. Such possible states correspond to a number of configurable values, respectively, at the level of the gain-controlled amplifier and at the level of the phase shifter. Amplitude and phase quantization is achieved by rounding the modulus and argument of the complex weights of the components of the weight vector udvu5def to the closest possible states.
- the receiving equipment generates a return message intended for. be transmitted to the sending equipment EE.
- This return message is made up of N bits identifying the L selected beams and
- the greater the number of bits of the return message the more the performances obtained in terms of power received from the radio signal tend towards the optimum.
- the transmitter equipment EE calculates the amplitude and phase modulation , ] ; ; ; _ to be applied to the (N+1) antennas of the antenna array from equation (6) by means of the information included in the return message generated during step E9.
- the component b ⁇ corresponds to the weight vector element ⁇
- a phase law must be calculated from the amplitude and phase law determined from from equation (6).
- the phase law can be calculated directly, according to two methods, keeping only the argument of j ⁇
- a first method which consists in keeping only the argument of the components of the vector defining the amplitude and phase law in order to form the phase law
- the phase law is given by:
- the second method consists in finding the phase law minimizing the error between the beam formed by the phase and amplitude law and the beam formed by the phase law. This problem requires the use of an optimization algorithm to be solved.
- the phase law j is given by: ⁇ is the lattice factor obtained from the amplitude and phase excitation and is the lattice factor o ⁇ bheld with phase excitation.
- ⁇ is the lattice factor obtained from the amplitude and phase excitation and is the lattice factor o ⁇ bheld with phase excitation.
- the first method is much less computationally expensive than the second.
- the transmitter equipment EE modulates the signal corresponding to the radio signal intended to be transmitted by the antennas of the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE in amplitude and in phase by means of the excitation coefficients obtained during step E9.
- Excitation coefficients can be rewritten in the exponential form which makes it possible to dissociate the amplitude command A ⁇ from the phase command where A ⁇ and ⁇ ⁇ correspond respectively to a command at the level of an amplifier and at the level of a phase shifter for the antenna of the radio communication network of the transmitting equipment EE.
- the composite beam is formed by the receiver equipment ER.
- the receiver equipment ER calculates the amplitude and phase modulation _ to be applied to the (N+1) antennas of the antenna array of the receiver equipment ER from equation (6).
- the component b m corresponds to the weight vector element If the control of the antennas of the antenna array of the receiver equipment ER is only carried out using phase shifters, a phase law must be calculated from the amplitude and phase law determined from from equation (6).
- the phase law ( can be computed directly by keeping only the argument of j ⁇ according to one of the two methods described above: ⁇ ⁇ is the lattice factor obtained from the amplitude and phase excitation and is the f network actor obtained with phase excitation.
- the receiver equipment ER modulates the signal corresponding to the radio signal by the antennas of the antenna array of the receiver equipment ER in amplitude and in phase by means of the excitation coefficients i obtained during step E11.
- Excitation coefficients O7 can be rewritten in the exponential form which makes it possible to dissociate the amplitude command A n from the phase command ⁇ correspond respectively to a command at the level of an amplifier and at the level of a phase shifter for the 1 antenna of the radio communication network of the receiver equipment ER.
- the results of the application of a state-of-the-art method for forming a composite beam as well as methods for forming and generating a composite beam to a pair of transmitter equipment EE – ER receiver equipment which are not in line of sight are shown in [Fig.6].
- the network factor ⁇ is obtained by selecting the best linear phase law according to the state-of-the-art method, and the lattice factors are obtained by applying the solution which is the subject of the present invention by considering respectively a phase and amplitude excitation and a phase excitation only.
- CDL-A and B correspond to NLOS environments (“Indoor” and “Urban Micro” respectively), while CDL-D corresponds to an LOS environment.
- An "Urban Micro" environment is one in which the height of the base station antenna and that of a user terminal are assumed to be much lower than the tops of surrounding buildings. The two antennas are supposed to be outside, in an area where the streets are laid out according to a grid similar to that of Manhattan for example. Streets in the coverage area are classified as "main street", where there is line-of-sight from all locations to the base station, except where line-of-sight is temporarily blocked by traffic ( for example, trucks and buses) on the street. The streets that intersect the main street are called perpendicular streets, and those that run parallel to it are called parallel streets.
- the Communication network cell shapes are defined by surrounding buildings, and energy reaches NLoS streets due to propagation around corners, through buildings, and between them.
- An antenna array composed of 256 antennas (16x16 configuration) on transmission and an array of 8 antennas (8x1 configuration) on reception are used.
- the antennas of the antenna array of the EE transmitter equipment have a gain of 8dBi and a 3dB aperture of 65° and the antennas of the antenna array of the ER receiver equipment have a gain of 5dBi and an aperture of 3dB 90°.
- the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE focuses the OFDM signal in a direction favorable to propagation using a linear phase law while the antenna array of the receiver equipment ER implements the solution object of the invention.
- the metric used characterizes the total gain provided by the use of networks of radio communication antennas on transmission and reception compared to a solution which would consist in using an omnidirectional antenna on transmission and reception. In the rest of this document, this metric is called link budget.
- the link budget distribution functions are represented in FIGS. 7 to 10 and make it possible to characterize the statistical efficiency of various reception methods.
- the so-called LPE method corresponds to conventional beam scanning with selection of the best beam.
- the methods correspond to the solution according to the invention
- the OFDM signals are modulated in phase and in amplitude for the first and only in phase for the two following ones, without optimization for figure 9 and with optimization for figure 10. If the antenna array used makes it possible to control the amplitude and the phase of the OFDM signal at the level of each antenna (WL), it is observed that the method proposed in the present patent application provides an average gain of a little less than 2 dB in an environment of CDL-A type and more than 2 dB in a CDL-B environment compared to the state-of-the-art method of selecting the best linear phase law (LPE) beam.
- LPE linear phase law
- the method according to the invention does not introduce losses into a CDL-D (LOS) environment.
- LOS CDL-D
- the optimization method (WL ⁇ PO opt ) does not bring any gain (compared to ) for the tested environments.
- the antenna array of the transmitting equipment EE implements the first embodiment of the invention (WL) while the antenna array of the receiving equipment ER employs the Woodward-Lawson method so as to form a expanded beam.
- the link budget distribution functions are shown in Figure 10 and [Fig. 11] and make it possible to characterize the statistical efficiency of the solution which is the subject of the invention according to the feedback provided.
- the beam selection is performed using the third implementation of the first embodiment because it is the most efficient in terms of link budget.
- the LPE method corresponds to conventional beam scanning on transmission with selection of the best beam.
- the optimum is obtained by considering that the weight vector is used on transmission to calculate the amplitude and phase modulation to be applied to a signal corresponding to the signal intended to be transmitted by each antenna of the antenna array of the transmitter equipment EE. It is observed that an information feedback on 2 beams leads to a significant statistical gain of more than 1 dB for the two types of environment considered. The larger L, the better the solution. On the other hand, the information feedback is more expensive in terms of the number of bits used.
- the amplitude and phase modulation are quantized in order to respect the constraints imposed by the use of analog phase shifters and gain control amplifiers.
- the following results are obtained by considering the second embodiment of the invention with the same parameters as those described for Figure 8.
- the performance degradation due to the phase quantization for the WL ⁇ PO method and due to the quantization d amplitude and phase for the WL method is shown in [Fig. 12].
- the [fig. 13] represents a device 1 capable of implementing the methods described with reference to FIG. 3.
- a device 1 can comprise at least one hardware processor 11, one storage unit 12, and at least one network interface 13 which are connected between them through a bus 14.
- the constituent elements of the device 1 can be connected by means of a connection other than a bus.
- the processor 11 controls the operations of the device.
- the storage unit 12 stores at least one program for implementing the method according to one embodiment to be executed by the processor 11, and various data, such as parameters used for calculations performed by the processor 11, intermediate data of calculations performed by the processor 11, etc.
- Processor 11 may be any known and suitable hardware or software, or a combination of hardware and software.
- the processor 11 may be formed by dedicated hardware such as a processing circuit, or by a programmable processing unit such as a Central Processing Unit which executes a program stored in a memory of this one.
- Storage unit 12 may be formed by any suitable means capable of storing the program or programs and data in a computer readable manner.
- Examples of storage unit 12 include non-transitory computer-readable storage media such as semiconductor memory devices, and magnetic, optical, or magneto-optical recording media loaded into a read-and-write unit. 'writing.
- At least one network interface 13 provides a connection between the device 1 and a signal phase modulator connected to an antenna of the antenna array.
- the [fig.14] represents the device 1 connected to a phase modulator MP of an antenna of the antenna array.
- the phase modulator MP then supplies a modulated radio signal SRF( ⁇ ⁇ ), the value of the applied phase and amplitude modulation having been calculated according to one of the embodiments of the methods which are the subject of the invention.
- the invention further relates to a method of forming a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of a radio communication antenna array, the method comprising the following steps implemented by an equipment intended to receive a radio signal , called radio signal, the energy of which is focused according to the composite beam: - estimation, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, of a propagation channel of the radio signal by means of of data collected during a scan of all the orthogonal beams of the antenna array, -determination of a broadband covariance matrix of a multi-carrier propagation channel of the radio signal from the at least one channel of estimated propagation, - selection of an eigenvector of said broadband covariance matrix associated with an eigenvalue of said strongest broadband covariance matrix, a component of the selected eigenvector tioned, called weighting vector, corresponding to a weighting coefficient associated with a beam of the antenna array, - determination of parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to
- the propagation channel being estimated by means of data collected during a scan of all the orthogonal beams of the antenna array of equipment transmitting the signal radio for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal
- the method further comprises: - a step of transmitting, intended for the equipment transmitting the radio signal, a message comprising said parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients, called feedback message.
- the method for forming a composite beam comprises, prior to the step of transmitting said return message, the following steps of: - creation of a subset of beams comprising at least one beam selected from the set of orthogonal beams of the antenna array, - selection of a weighting vector relating to said subset of beams in a reduced broadband covariance matrix, a component of the weighting vector relating to said corresponding subset of beams to a weighting coefficient associated with a beam of the subset of beams, - determination of the values of the components of a quantized weighting vector, said values of the components of said quantized weighting vector being obtained by rounding off a value of a module and a value of an argument of the components of said weighting vector relating to said subset of beams towards at least one possible state def init by a number of quantization bits used to encode the amplitude and phase values, -generation of said return message, said parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients comprising identifiers of the
- the subset of beams comprises the beams for which a power in reception of the radio signal is the highest.
- the method of forming a composite beam the subset of beams comprises the beams for which a modulus of the component of the weighting vector relative to said corresponding subset of beams is the highest.
- the step of creating the subset of beams comprises the following steps of: - selection of at least one beam f, from among the set of N orthogonal beams formed by the antenna array, for which a power in reception of the radio signal received is the highest, - depending on a number L of orthogonal beams to be combined to form the composite beam, determination of (N-1) reduced broadband covariance matrices of dimensions L ⁇ L, a reduced wideband covariance matrix corresponding to a combination of the beam f with (L-1) beams selected from the (N-1) remaining beams, - determination of the eigenvalues of the (N-1) wideband covariance matrices -selection of the (L-1) beams for which an eigenvalue of the reduced broadband covariance matrix is the strongest.
- the method for forming a composite beam further comprises: - prior to said estimating step, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, the transmission channel of the radio signal, a step of scanning all the orthogonal beams of the antenna array of the equipment receiving the radio signal, - a step of modulating said at least one signal corresponding to a radio signal processed by at least least one antenna of the antenna array of the equipment receiving the radio signal by means of said parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients determined as a function of the values of the components of the weighting vector.
- the invention also relates to a device configured to form a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of a network of radio communication antennas, the device comprising means for: - receiving a radio signal, called a radio signal, the energy is focused according to the composite beam, - estimating, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, a propagation channel of the radio signal by means of data collected during a scan of the set of orthogonal beams of the antenna array, - determining a broadband covariance matrix of a multi-carrier propagation channel of the radio signal from the at least one estimated propagation channel, - selecting an eigenvector of said broadband covariance matrix associated with an eigenvalue of said strongest broadband covariance matrix, a component of the selected eigenvector, called the weighting vector, corres weighting to a weighting coefficient associated with a beam of the antenna array, - determining parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one
- the invention also relates to communication equipment comprising at least one device configured to form a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of a network of radio communication antennas, the device comprising means for: - receiving a radio signal, said radio signal, the energy of which is focused according to the composite beam, - estimating, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, a propagation channel of the radio signal by means of collected data during a scan of all the orthogonal beams of the antenna array, - determining a broadband covariance matrix of a multi-carrier propagation channel of the radio signal from the at least one estimated propagation channel,, - selecting an eigenvector of said wideband covariance matrix associated with an eigenvalue of said strongest wideband covariance matrix, a component of the vector pr opre selected, said weighting vector, corresponding to a weighting coefficient associated with a beam of the antenna array, - determining parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at
- the communication equipment further comprising: - said network of radio communication antennas, - means for scanning, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, the set of orthogonal beams of the antenna array of the communication equipment, and - means for modulating said at least one signal corresponding to the radio signal processed by at least one antenna of said antenna array of said communication equipment by means of said parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients determined as a function of the values of the components of the weighting vector.
- the invention also relates to a method for generating a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an antenna array of communication equipment, said method being implemented by the communication equipment and comprising the following steps: - scanning, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, of all the orthogonal beams of the antenna network of the communication equipment, - data transmission collected during the scanning of all the orthogonal beams intended for equipment intended to receive a radio signal emitted by the communication equipment, said radio signal, the energy of which is focused according to the composite beam, - reception of a message transmitted by the equipment intended to receive the radio radio signal, said message comprising parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal corresponding to a radio signal processed by at least one antenna of the network of radio communication antennas, said modulation coefficients being determined as a function of values of the components of an eigenvector of a broadband covariance matrix of a propagation channel of the radio signal estimated by means of the data collected
- Another object of the invention is communication equipment configured to generate a composite beam by linear combination of orthogonal beams of an array of antennas of said communication equipment, the communication equipment comprising means for: - scanning, for at least one sub-carrier of a frequency band used to transport the radio signal, all of the orthogonal beams of the antenna array of the communication equipment, - transmitting data collected during the scanning of all of the orthogonal beams intended for equipment intended to receive a radio signal emitted by the communication equipment, called radio signal, the energy of which is focused according to the composite beam, - receive a message emitted by equipment intended to receive a signal radio broadcast by the said base station, said radio signal, the energy of which is focused according to the composite beam, said message comprising parameters relating to phase and amplitude modulation coefficients intended to be applied to at least one signal corresponding to a processed radio signal by at least one antenna of the network of radio communication antennas, said modulation coefficients being determined as a function of values of the components of an eigenvector of a broadband covari
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2103569A FR3121807A1 (fr) | 2021-04-07 | 2021-04-07 | Procédé de formation d’un faisceau composite par combinaison linéaire de faisceaux orthogonaux d’un réseau d’antennes de communication radio |
| PCT/FR2022/050619 WO2022214758A1 (fr) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-04-01 | Procede de formation d'un faisceau composite par combinaison lineaire de faisceaux orthogonaux d'un reseau d'antennes de communication radio |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4320742A1 true EP4320742A1 (fr) | 2024-02-14 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22718749.9A Pending EP4320742A1 (fr) | 2021-04-07 | 2022-04-01 | Procede de formation d'un faisceau composite par combinaison lineaire de faisceaux orthogonaux d'un reseau d'antennes de communication radio |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240380473A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4320742A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3121807A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022214758A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2026036375A1 (fr) * | 2024-08-16 | 2026-02-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Quantification itérative d'amplitude et de phase pour données vectorielles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10051144C2 (de) * | 2000-10-16 | 2002-11-14 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Verbesserung einer Kanalabschätzung in einem Funk-Kommunikationssystem |
| US7551682B2 (en) * | 2006-10-25 | 2009-06-23 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Method for improving the performance of a wireless network utilizing beamforming weighting vectors |
| KR102430022B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-25 | 2022-08-05 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 분산 어레이 매시브 mimo 시스템의 신호 송수신 방법 및 장치 |
| WO2018084622A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-05-11 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Procédé de transmission et de réception d'informations d'état de canal dans un système de communication sans fil et appareil correspondant |
| US10340989B2 (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-07-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Codebook for CSI reporting in advanced wireless communication system |
| US10250313B2 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2019-04-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for covariance matrix feedback in advanced wireless communication systems |
| KR102772571B1 (ko) * | 2018-08-17 | 2025-02-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 무선 통신 시스템에서의 기준 신호 빔 정보 설정 및 지시 방법 및 장치 |
-
2021
- 2021-04-07 FR FR2103569A patent/FR3121807A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-04-01 US US18/554,427 patent/US20240380473A1/en active Pending
- 2022-04-01 EP EP22718749.9A patent/EP4320742A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-04-01 WO PCT/FR2022/050619 patent/WO2022214758A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240380473A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
| WO2022214758A1 (fr) | 2022-10-13 |
| FR3121807A1 (fr) | 2022-10-14 |
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