Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
  • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
  • B64C25/00—Alighting gear
  • B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface 
  • B64C25/405—Powered wheels, e.g. for taxing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
  • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
  • H02J1/084—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires for selectively connecting the load or loads to one or several among a plurality of power lines or power sources
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
  • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
  • H02J1/102—Parallel operation of dc sources being switching converters
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
  • H02J1/14—Balancing the load in a network
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
  • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D13/00—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft
  • B64D13/06—Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space, or structural parts of the aircraft the air being conditioned
  • B64D2013/0603—Environmental Control Systems
  • B64D2013/0611—Environmental Control Systems combined with auxiliary power units (APU's)
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
  • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
  • H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
  • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
  • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
  • H02J2310/62—The condition being non-electrical, e.g. temperature
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
  • Y02T50/80—Energy efficient operational measures, e.g. ground operations or mission management

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of powering electrical systems on board aircraft. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
• the Boeing 787 was designed with an electric braking system: electromechanical actuators replace conventional hydraulic actuators to apply a braking force to the friction components (carbon discs) of the brakes fitted to the wheels of the main landing gear.
• the electric taxiing system makes it possible to move the aircraft on the ground without using the main engine or engines of the aircraft (and without a towing system).
• the electric taxiing system comprises electric motors which rotate certain wheels of the aircraft.
• the electric taxiing system is inactive when the aircraft is in flight - or, at the very least, when the aircraft is at low altitude, because it can be interesting to drive the wheels in rotation just before the impact of a landing so as to reduce the efforts of rotation and springback suffered by the main landing gear.
• the electric taxiing system must also not be active while the aircraft is stationary on the ground in embarkation or disembarkation conditions, and this, whether the main engines of the aircraft are at stopping or not.
• the hybrid air conditioning system (also called ECS hybrid, ECS for Environment Condition System), in turn, makes it possible in particular to ensure the renewal of the air and to control the ambient temperature and the pressurization inside the cabin.
• ECS hybrid ECS for Environment Condition System
• the hybrid ECS On the ground, the hybrid ECS is powered entirely by electric power.
• the hybrid ECS In flight, the hybrid ECS is powered primarily by pneumatic power, with intermittent electrical power support.
• the electric taxiing system and the hybrid ECS therefore each have an electrical consumption which depends on the altitude (and more precisely which decreases with the altitude) and/or on the phase of flight in which the aircraft is located. This specificity must be taken into account when designing the power supply of these systems.
• the electric taxiing system is a new system and its integration into an aircraft requires the addition of conversion devices, protective devices and cables which run in inaccessible areas (and in particular on/in the landing gear) .
• conversion devices protective devices and cables which run in inaccessible areas (and in particular on/in the landing gear) .
• mass linked to this function is considered as dead weight in the flight phase.
• the ECS components are mainly installed in non-pressurized areas and voltage rise can be problematic at altitude due to electrical discharge phenomena including partial electrical discharges, in the air, disruptive with damage to the system. insulation or electric arc.
• the partial discharge zone is reached when the voltage level exceeds, in altitude, the boundary described by the Paschen curve.
• the object of the invention is to reduce the mass and the cost of one or more electrical systems on board an aircraft, the electrical consumption of which decreases as a function of the altitude and/or depends on the phase of flight in which the aircraft, without reducing the availability of said electrical system or systems.
• a power supply system arranged to be integrated into an aircraft by being connected to at least one alternating voltage source and to at least one electrical system having an electrical consumption which depends on a altitude and/or of a phase of flight in which the aircraft is located, the power supply system comprising: - a first conversion module comprising a converter
• AC/DC AC/DC and being arranged to produce an intermediate voltage from an input voltage produced by the AC voltage source;
• a second conversion module comprising a DC/DC converter and being controllable to selectively produce, from the intermediate voltage, at least two distinct output voltage levels;
• control unit arranged to acquire a flight parameter representative of the altitude and/or of the flight phase and to control the power supply system so that the second conversion module supplies each electrical system with a voltage of power supply which depends on the flight parameter and on said electrical system, and which is equal to one of the output voltage levels.
• the power supply system according to the invention therefore makes it possible to supply each electrical system with a supply voltage which depends not only on the system electric but also the altitude and/or the flight phase of the aircraft.
• the supply system according to the invention makes it possible to increase the supply voltage on the ground to reduce the diameter and therefore the mass. and cable clutter.
• the power supply system according to the invention makes it possible to increase the power supply voltage on the ground and to reduce it in flight , and therefore also to benefit from the mass reduction without suffering the problems of electric discharge. This optimization of the power supply is carried out without any loss of availability of the electrical systems.
• the components of the power supply system according to the invention make it possible to supply several electrical systems simultaneously and, in particular, the two types of system which have just been mentioned. This pooling makes it possible, again, to reduce the mass but also the costs of these systems.
• the output voltage levels comprise a first output voltage level equal to the intermediate voltage and a second output voltage level resulting from a conversion of the intermediate voltage produced by the DC/DC converter.
• control unit comprises a control circuit comprising switches and logic gates, and a first control module arranged to control the control circuit according to the flight parameter.
• control unit comprises a second control module arranged to control the DC/DC converter as a function of the flight parameter, so that the latter converts the intermediate voltage to produce the second output voltage level or do no conversion.
• a power supply system as described above is also proposed, the control unit being arranged to configure the second conversion module so that the DC/DC converter operates selectively as a step-down voltage, the second output voltage level then being lower than the intermediate voltage, or else as a voltage booster, the second output voltage level then being higher than the intermediate voltage.
• a power supply system as previously described is also proposed, the DC/DC converter being a reversible converter.
• a power supply system as previously described is further proposed, in which the AC/DC converter is arranged so that the intermediate voltage can be equal to different intermediate voltage levels, and in which the control unit comprises a module configuration arranged to configure the AC/DC converter so that the intermediate voltage is equal to one of the various intermediate voltage levels.
• a power supply system as previously described is also proposed, in which the intermediate voltage is used to power electrical devices other than the electrical system or systems.
• a supply system is further proposed as previously described, the supply system being connected to a plurality of alternating voltage sources, the control unit being arranged to drive the control circuit so as to select, as a function at least of the flight parameter, one of the alternating voltage sources which then supplies the voltage input to the first conversion module.
• the AC voltage sources comprising a main source, an auxiliary source of the APU type and a ground source, the selection being made according to the flight parameter and a availability of the APU type auxiliary source.
• a power supply system as previously described is also proposed, the electrical system(s) comprising an electrical taxiing system.
• a power supply system as previously described is also proposed, the electrical system(s) comprising an air conditioning system.
• FIG. 1 schematically represents an electrical architecture incorporating the power supply system according to the invention
• FIG. 2 Figure 2 is a figure similar to Figure 1, but more detailed
• FIG. 3 comprises three diagrams which represent, in the case where the AC/DC converter produces a high intermediate voltage, the path of electrical energy in the architecture of FIG. 2 in three distinct flight phases;
• Figure 4 is a figure similar to Figure 3, in the case where the AC / DC converter produces a low intermediate voltage
• FIG. 5 represents steps of a configuration method
• FIG. 6 represents a graph comprising curves of cable mass per meter as a function of voltage levels
• FIG. 7 represents a graph comprising the Paschen curve and voltage levels located under said curve.
• the supply system according to the invention 1 is integrated into an aircraft which here is an airplane.
• the power supply system 1 comprises a power unit 2 and a control unit 3 which produces control signals Sc to drive the power unit 2.
• the power supply system 1 is connected to power sources 4 which produce input voltages Ve (alternating).
• the supply system 1 produces from the input voltages Ve an intermediate voltage Vi (direct), a first supply voltage Val (direct) to supply an electric taxiing system 5 and a second supply voltage Va2 ( continuous) to supply a hybrid ECS 6.
• the intermediate voltage Vi can also be used to power other electrical devices
• the power sources 4 include a main source 9 which produces electricity from generators integrated in the engines of the aircraft and which generates a main voltage, and an auxiliary source 10 (or APU, for Auxiliary Power Unit) which produces an auxiliary voltage from generators coupled to turbines generally provided at the tail of the aircraft, these two main and auxiliary power sources therefore being specific to the aircraft (this is i.e. integrated into it).
• the power sources 4 also include a ground source 11 (or GPU, for Ground Power Unit) to which the aircraft systems can be connected when the aircraft is parked on the ground via a parking socket and which produces a so-called voltage ground voltage.
• the electric taxiing system 5 here comprises two electric motors 12 which are each arranged to rotate one of the wheels of the aircraft.
• the ECS hybrid 6 here includes three electric motors
• the power unit 2 comprises an upstream busbar 14, a first intermediate busbar 15, a second intermediate busbar 16, a first downstream busbar 17 and a second downstream busbar 18.
• busbar is equivalent to the terms “busbar” or "bus bar”, and designates according to the definition given by the international electronic commission, a low impedance conductor to which several electrical circuits can be connected at separate points.
• the main source 9 is connected to the upstream busbar 14 via a power switch 20.
• the auxiliary source 10 is connected to the upstream busbar 14 via a power switch 21.
• the ground source 11 is connected to the upstream busbar 14 via a power switch 22. These switches are controlled according to the flight parameter and the availability of the auxiliary source so that one source among the different sources supplies the upstream busbar 14.
• the power unit 2 also comprises a first conversion module 23 which comprises an AC/DC converter 24, that is to say a converter which converts an alternating voltage into a direct voltage.
• the first conversion module 23 is arranged to produce the intermediate voltage Vi (direct) from one of the input voltages (alternating).
• the output of the AC/DC converter 24 is connected to the first intermediate busbar 15.
• the second intermediate busbar 16 is connected to the first intermediate busbar 15.
• a switch 26 is mounted between the first intermediate busbar 15 and the second intermediate busbar 16.
• a switch 27 is mounted between the second intermediate busbar 16 and the electrical devices 7.
• the power unit 2 also comprises a second conversion module 28 which comprises a DC/DC converter 29, that is to say a converter which converts a DC voltage into another DC voltage.
• a DC/DC converter 29 that is to say a converter which converts a DC voltage into another DC voltage.
• the second conversion module 28 can be controlled to selectively produce, from the intermediate voltage Vi, at least two distinct output voltage levels.
• the output voltage levels here include a first output voltage level equal to the intermediate voltage Vi (the first output voltage level is therefore generated without going through the DC/DC converter 29), a second output voltage level resulting from a conversion of the intermediate voltage Vi carried out by the DC/DC converter 29, and a zero voltage level.
• the first output voltage level and the second output voltage level include a high output voltage level and a low output voltage level.
• the DC/DC converter 29 comprises a high voltage port HV and a low voltage port LV.
• the DC/DC converter 29 is reversible, that is to say that energy can flow from the high voltage port HV to the low voltage port LV, or else from the low voltage port LV to the port HV high voltage.
• the DC/DC converter 29 can therefore generate a high voltage on the high voltage port HV from a low voltage applied to the low voltage port LV, and a low voltage on the low voltage port LV from a high voltage applied to the high voltage port HV.
• the reversibility of the DC/DC converter 29 is particularly advantageous in the case where the electrical power sources provide different voltage levels.
• the high voltage port HV is connected to the first intermediate busbar 15 via a switch 30.
• the low voltage port LV is connected to the first intermediate busbar 15 via a switch 31.
• the second conversion module 28 also includes switches 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 35.
• the high voltage port HV is connected to the first downstream busbar 17 via switch 32 and switch 33, and to the second downstream busbar 18 via switch 32 and switch 34.
• the low voltage port LV is connected to the first downstream busbar 17 via switch 35 and switches 33 and 34, and to the second downstream busbar 18 via switch 35.
• the power unit 2 also includes the cables on which the currents flow to supply the electric taxiing system 5 and the hybrid ECS 6.
• the control unit 3 is arranged to acquire a flight parameter Pv representative of the altitude and/or the flight phase of the aircraft, and to control the power supply system 1 so that the second conversion module 28 supplies each electrical system with a supply voltage which depends on the flight parameter Pv and on said electrical system: the second conversion module 28 supplies a first supply voltage Val to the electric taxiing system 5 and a second supply voltage Va2 to ECS hybrid 6. Each supply voltage is equal to one of the output voltage levels.
• the supply voltages Val, Va2 can therefore differ according to the electrical systems to be supplied and/or the altitude and/or the phase of flight.
• the flight parameter Pv is for example the altitude of the airplane itself, or else the phase of flight, or else information according to which the altitude is higher or lower than a predetermined threshold, or else any other parameter which is representative of the altitude and/or of the phase of flight in which the aircraft is located.
• the first supply voltage Val therefore supplies first DC/AC converters 40 which themselves supply the electric motors 12 of the electric taxiing system 5.
• the second supply voltage Va2 therefore supplies second DC/AC converters 41 which themselves - same power the electric motors 13 of the ECS hybrid system 6.
• the control unit 3 comprises a processing circuit comprising at least one processing component, which is for example a “generalist” processor, a processor specialized in signal processing (or DSP, for Digital Signal Processor), a microcontroller, or else a programmable logic circuit such as an FPGA (for Field Programmable Gate Arrays) or an ASIC (for Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
• the processing circuit also includes one or more memories, connected to or integrated into the processing component. At least one of these memories forms a computer-readable recording medium, on which is recorded at least one computer program comprising instructions which lead the processing component to execute at least some of the steps of the configuration method which will be described below.
• the control unit 3 further comprises a control circuit 43, a first control module 44, a second control module 45 and a configuration module 46.
• the elements 43, 44, 45 and 46 are possibly implemented at least partially in the processing circuit.
• the control circuit 43 includes the switches which have just been mentioned, logic gates which will be described below, as well as the lines on which the control signals travel to control the switches.
• the first control module 44 acquires the flight parameter Pv and controls the control circuit 43 according to the flight parameter Pv. In particular, the first control module 44 controls the switches 26 and 27 to power or not the electrical devices 7.
• the first control module 44 also acquires an information signal Gen relating to the main source 9 and which is representative of the level of the main voltage (which can be a high main voltage or a low main voltage depending on the design of the electrical architecture of the aircraft), and a status signal APU_OK relating to the status and availability of the auxiliary source 10.
• the second conversion module 28 can produce a first output voltage level equal to the intermediate voltage Vi, a second output voltage level resulting from a conversion of the intermediate voltage Vi carried out by the DC/DC converter 29, and a zero voltage level.
• the control unit 3 configures the second conversion module 28 so that the DC/DC converter 29 operates selectively as a step-down voltage, the second output voltage level then being lower than the intermediate voltage, or else as a voltage booster , the second output voltage level then being greater than the intermediate voltage
• the second control module 45 controls the DC/DC converter 29 as a function of the flight parameter Pv, so that the latter converts the intermediate voltage Vi to produce the second output voltage level or does not carry out any conversion.
• the intermediate voltage Vi produced by the AC/DC converter 24, can be equal to two intermediate voltage levels, and this, whatever the voltage level of the power sources 9, 10 and 11: a high level and a low level.
• the intermediate voltage can therefore be a high intermediate voltage Vi_H or a low intermediate voltage Vi L.
• the configuration module 46 makes it possible to configure the AC/DC converter 24 so that the intermediate voltage Vi is equal to one of the intermediate voltage levels. This configuration makes it possible to adapt the level of the intermediate voltage Vi according to the power supply required by the electrical devices 7. This characteristic therefore makes it possible to integrate the power supply system 1 into different architectures (and different aircraft) to supply different system types that require different supply voltages.
• the configuration module 46 comprises a pin-programming port PP which makes it possible to "hard-wire” program the configuration module 46 so that it configures the AC/DC converter 24 so that it selectively produces the high intermediate voltage or the low intermediate voltage.
• the configuration module 46 provides the conversion module 28 with a corresponding logic signal, HV_OK
• This programming of the configuration module 46 depends on the architectural configuration of the airplane and the power supply required for the other electrical systems 7; it is independent of the altitude and the flight phase of the aircraft.
• the AC/DC converter 24 is an active rectifier sized on the basis of the highest DC voltage at output and the lowest AC voltage at input.
• control unit 3 comprises at least one processing component which is suitable for executing instructions of at least one program to implement the first control module 44, the second control module 45 and the configuration 46.
• the program can be stored in a memory connected or integrated in the processing component.
• the processing component is for example a processor, a DSP (for Digital Signal Processor), a microcontroller, or else a programmable logic circuit such as an FPGA (for Field Programmable Gate Arrays) or an ASIC (for Application Specifies Integrated Circuit) .
• control architecture described here is a centralized architecture: the first control module 44 acquires the input signals (Pv, Gen, APU_OK), processes them and transmits control signals to the switches of the control circuit 43 as well as to the second control module 45.
• the architecture could also be decentralized (or distributed), each control module then acquiring the input signals to produce control signals intended for the electrical component to which it is associated.
• a mixed architecture can also be envisaged.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 for greater readability, the second intermediate busbar 16 and the electrical devices 7 are not represented.
• FIG. 3 relates to a case where the electrical devices 7 must be supplied with the high intermediate voltage: the intermediate voltage Vi at the level of the first intermediate busbar 15 is therefore equal to the high intermediate voltage Vi_H.
• the configuration module 46 is therefore programmed by pin programming so that the AC/DC converter 24 produces the high intermediate voltage Vi H.
• FIG. 4 relates to a case where the electrical devices 7 must be supplied with the low intermediate voltage: the intermediate voltage Vi at the level of the first intermediate busbar 15 is therefore equal to the low intermediate voltage Vi_L.
• the configuration module 46 is therefore programmed by pin programming so that the AC/DC converter 24 produces the low intermediate voltage Vi_L.
• the lines in bold lines are power lines on which electrical energy travels.
• the thin lines are power lines on which no electrical energy travels.
• the dotted lines are lines of the control circuit 43, on which the control signals circulate.
• the first control module 44 of the control unit 3 acquires the flight parameter Pv representative of the altitude and/or of the phase of flight, the status signal APU_OK and the information signal Gen.
• the first control module 44 generates from the status signal APU_OK status signals OK, NOK.
• the first control module 44 also generates a control signal Sel.
• In flight here means that the aircraft's main engines are not shut down. It is noted that the airplane is in the "in-flight” state when the airplane is "on the run” (i.e. the main engines of the airplane are on in preparation for a phase flight).
• the Gate signal is such that:
• Each power source (main source 9, auxiliary source 10 and ground source 11) is connected by a respective power switch 20, 21, 22, to the upstream busbar 14.
• the control signal Sel opens the switch 20 and forces the switches 21 and 22 to the blocked state.
• the control signal Sel blocks the switch 20, and it is the availability of the auxiliary source 10 which determines which of the switch 21 or the switch 22 is open.
• This control of the switches 21 and 22, as a function of the control signal Sel and of the APU_OK status signal (or of the OK and NOK status signals) is easily carried out by means of a NOT gate 51 to obtain the inverse logic signal of the control signal Sel, and of two AND gates 52, 53 with two inputs, one input driven by the inverse of the control signal Sel, and the other input respectively receiving the OK status signal to drive the switch 21 associated with the auxiliary source 10, and the NOK status signal to drive the switch 22 associated with the ground source 11.
• the diagram on the left of FIG. 3 corresponds to conditions which are as follows: the airplane is in flight and the auxiliary source APU 10 is available. So we have :
• the electric taxiing system 5 must not be activated and therefore must not be powered.
• the ECS hybrid 6 is only partially powered by electrical energy, and a low output voltage level is sufficient for its operation.
• the first control module 44 produces on line 50 a control signal Sel corresponding to the flight parameter.
• This control signal Sel is here in a high state, which turns on, that is to say closes, switch 20.
• the main voltage generated by main source 9, which can be a high main voltage or a voltage main bass, is therefore applied to the upstream busbar 14.
• the control signal is also applied to an input of the NOT gate 51 which therefore produces a low state.
• the low state is applied to a first input of a first AND gate 52.
• the auxiliary source 10 being available, generates a high state signal APU_OK.
• the OK state signal is therefore in the high state and the NOK state signal in the low state.
• the control signal Sel in the high state forces the switches 21 and 22 to the off state (open).
• the electrical energy travels on the supply line 55 only; the voltage applied to the upstream busbar 14 is the voltage provided by the main source, called main voltage in the following.
• the input voltage Ve applied at the input of the AC/DC converter 24 is therefore the main voltage.
• the pin-programming signal PP is such that the configuration module 46 configures the AC/DC converter 24 so that the intermediate voltage Vi that it produces is equal to the high intermediate voltage Vi_H.
• the high intermediate voltage Vi_H is therefore applied to the first intermediate busbar 15 and supplies the electrical devices.
• the configuration module 46 Due to the value of the pin-programming signal PP, the configuration module 46 generates a configuration signal HV_OK in the high state which has the effect of turning on the switch 30.
• the inverse logic signal HV_NOK in output of the NOT gate 57, blocks the switch 31.
• An open circuit (high impedance) is thus formed between the first intermediate busbar 15 and the low voltage port of the DC/DC converter 29.
• the intermediate voltage Vi is applied to the high voltage port HV of the DC/DC converter 29.
• the second control module 45 receives the control signal Sel in the high state, corresponding to an aircraft in flight, and controls the DC/DC converter 29 as a step-down voltage so that it converts the intermediate voltage Vi into a low output voltage level.
• Control signal Sel being in the high state, switch 35 is also on.
• the low output voltage level, produced by the DC/DC converter 29 on its low voltage port LV, is therefore applied to the second downstream busbar 18.
• the second supply voltage Va2 which supplies the second DC/AC converters 41 and therefore the electric motors 13 of the hybrid ECS 6, is therefore equal to the low output voltage level supplied by the DC/DC converter 29 from the main voltage supplied by the main source 9 applied as input voltage Ve on the AC/DC converter 24. This path is shown in bold lines.
• the control signal Sel being in the high state, the switch 32 and the switch 34 are them blocked.
• An open circuit is therefore formed between the high voltage port HV of the DC/DC converter 29 and the first downstream busbar 17, and between the high voltage port HV of the DC/DC converter 29 and the second downstream busbar 18.
• the voltage is zero on the first downstream busbar 17, and therefore the first supply voltage Val is zero and the DC/AC converters 40 of the electric taxiing system 5 are not supplied.
• control signal Sel in the high state is also applied to a first input of a NOR gate 60.
• the Gate signal is applied to a second input of the NOR gate 60.
• the Gate signal is relating to the aircraft on the ground. It is in the high state when the aircraft is parked and it is desired to prevent the activation of the taxiing system for safety reasons.
• the Gate signal is low otherwise.
• the output of the NOR gate 60 is therefore here forced to the low state by the control signal Sel, which blocks the switch 33, preventing the supply of the electric taxiing system.
• a locking logic system is therefore implemented which is added to the supply control of the first supply voltage Val, to ensure an associated safety function: as explained previously the electric taxiing system must not be supplied then that the aircraft is in flight, or on the ground while the aircraft is parked during the embarkation/disembarkation phase.
• This locking logic is performed by switch 33 controlled by the logic gate with two inputs, in the example a NOR gate 60, the first input being a signal depending on the flight parameter Pv (this is the signal Sel command); the second input being a signal depending on parking information (this is the gate signal).
• the switch 33 makes it possible to isolate the first downstream busbar 17 from the second conversion module 28 and the first supply voltage Val on the first downstream busbar 17 is then equal to 0 volts. .
• the central diagram of FIG. 3 corresponds to a situation in which the airplane is on the ground, the electric taxiing system 5 is activated and powered and the hybrid ECS 6 is powered entirely by electrical energy. A high output voltage level is required to power the electric taxiing system 5 and the hybrid ECS 6.
• the main source 9 is not used (i.e. it may be either unavailable or available but not used).
• Auxiliary source 10 is available. So we have :
• the first control module 44 therefore produces on line 50 a control signal Sel having a low state. The switch 20 is thus blocked.
• switch 21 is on and switch 22 is off.
• the upstream busbar 14 is then supplied by the auxiliary source 10, via line 62.
• the auxiliary (source) voltage which can be a high auxiliary voltage or a low auxiliary voltage, is therefore applied to the upstream busbar 14.
• the input voltage Ve applied at the input of the AC/DC converter 24 is thus equal to the auxiliary voltage.
• the pin-programming signal PP is such that the configuration module 46 configures the AC/DC converter 24 so that the intermediate voltage Vi that it produces is equal to the high intermediate voltage Vi_H.
• the high intermediate voltage Vi_H is therefore applied to the first intermediate busbar 15 and supplies the electrical devices.
• the configuration module 46 generates a configuration signal HV_OK in the high state to turn on the switch 30 and turn off the switch 31 (via the signal HV_NOK).
• An open circuit (high impedance) is therefore formed between the first busbar intermediate 15 and the low voltage port LV of the DC/DC converter 29.
• the intermediate voltage Vi intermediate high voltage
• the second control module 45 which receives the signal Sel, in the low state , then drives the DC/DC converter 29 so that it does not perform any conversion. No current therefore flows on line 63.
• the switch 35 controlled by the control signal Sel (emitted by the first control module 44) and connected in series between this supply line 63 to the busbar 18 of the hybrid ECS 6, is blocked (open).
• the switches 32 and 34 are conversely on. Also, switch 33 is on (closed) because both Sel and Gate signals are low.
• the electric taxiing system 5 and the hybrid ECS 6 are thus both supplied, from the intermediate busbar 15 with the high intermediate voltage Vi_H supplied by the auxiliary source 10 (and the AC/DC converter 24), via the switch 30, line 65, switch 32 and switch 33 for the electric taxiing system 5, or switch 34 for the ECS. This path is shown in bold.
• the high intermediate voltage Vi_H coming directly from the first intermediate busbar 15, is applied to the first downstream busbar 17 and to the second downstream busbar 18.
• the first supply voltage Val and the second supply voltage Va2 are therefore equal to the high output voltage level.
• the first supply voltage Val and the second voltage power Va2 respectively supply the first DC / AC converters 40 and therefore the electric motors 12 of the electric taxiing system 5, and the second DC / AC converters 41 and therefore the electric motors 13 of the hybrid ECS 6.
• the airplane In the diagram on the right of FIG. 3, the airplane is on the ground and parked: the Gate signal is activated, in the high state.
• the electric taxiing system 5 must not be activated and must not be powered.
• the ECS Hybrid 6 is powered entirely by electric power. A high output voltage level is required to power the ECS hybrid 6.
• Main source 9 and auxiliary source 10 are not available.
• the ground source 11 is used.
• Switch 20 is blocked.
• the upstream busbar 14 is isolated from the two main 9 and auxiliary 10 sources; and the ground voltage (low ground voltage) is applied to the upstream busbar 14.
• the input voltage Ve applied at the input of the AC/DC converter 24 is therefore the voltage on the ground.
• the pin-programming signal PP is such that the configuration module 46 configures the AC/DC converter 24 so that the intermediate voltage Vi that it produces is equal to the high intermediate voltage Vi_H.
• the high intermediate voltage Vi_H is therefore applied to the first intermediate busbar 15 and supplies the electrical devices.
• the configuration module 46 Under these conditions, the configuration module 46 generates a configuration signal HV_OK in the high state and applies it to turn on the switch 30 and turn off the switch 31 (via the signal HV_NOK). An open circuit (high impedance) is therefore formed between the first intermediate busbar 15 and the low voltage port LV of the DC/DC converter 29. As the switch 30 is on, the intermediate voltage Vi (high intermediate voltage Vi_H) is applied on the high voltage port HV of the DC/DC converter 29.
• the second control module 45 on the basis of the control signal Sel in the low state, controls the DC/DC converter 29 so that it does not carry out conversion. No current therefore flows on line 63.
• the control signal Sel in the low state, blocks the switch 35 and turns on the switch 32 and the switch 34.
• the high output voltage level coming directly from the first intermediate busbar 15, is therefore applied to the second downstream busbar 18.
• the second supply voltage Va2 is therefore equal to the high output voltage level and supplies the second DC/AC converters 41 and therefore the electric motors 13 of the hybrid ECS 6.
• the Gate signal in the high state forces the output of the NOR gate 60 to the low state and the switch 33 is indeed blocked: the DC/AC converters 40 of the electric taxiing system 5 are not powered.
• the voltage on the first downstream busbar 17 is zero and the first supply voltage Val is zero: the DC/AC converters 40 of the electric taxiing system 5 are not powered.
• the airplane In the diagram on the left of FIG. 4, the airplane is in flight.
• the electric taxiing system 5 is deactivated and must not be powered.
• the ECS hybrid 6 is only partially powered by electrical energy, and a low output voltage level is sufficient for its operation.
• the first control module 44 produces on line 50 a control signal Sel in the high state, which turns on the switch 20.
• the main voltage which can be a high main voltage or a low main voltage, supplied by the main source 9, is therefore applied to the upstream busbar 14.
• the auxiliary source 10 is also available (the OK status signal is in the high state, the NOK status signal in the low state) but the control signal Sel (applied at the input of the NOT gate 51), forces switch 21 and switch 22 to the off state.
• the input voltage Ve is therefore the main voltage which is applied at the input of the AC/DC converter 24.
• the pin-programming signal PP is such that the configuration module 46 configures the AC/DC converter 24 so that the intermediate voltage Vi that it produces is equal to the low intermediate voltage Vi_L.
• the low intermediate voltage Vi_L is therefore applied to the first intermediate busbar 15 and supplies the electrical devices.
• the configuration module 46 generates a configuration signal HV_OK in the low state which blocks the switch 30.
• An open circuit high impedance is therefore formed between the first intermediate busbar 15 and the high voltage port HV of the DC/DC converter 29.
• Second control module 45 controls DC converter /DC 29 so that it does not carry out any conversion, on the basis of the control signal Sel in the high state.
• the control signal Sel being in the high state, the switch 35 is on, like the switch 20.
• the low output voltage level, coming directly from the first intermediate busbar 15, is therefore applied to the second downstream busbar 18
• the second supply voltage Va2 is therefore equal to the low output voltage level and supplies the second DC/AC converters 41 and therefore the electric motors 13 of the hybrid ECS 6.
• the control signal Sel being in the high state, the switch 32 and the switch 34 are them blocked. An open circuit is therefore formed between the first intermediate busbar 15 and the first downstream busbar 17. The voltage is zero on the first downstream busbar 17, and therefore the first supply voltage Val is zero. The first DC/AC converters 40 of the electric taxiing system 5 are not powered. As already explained, the control signal Sel in the high state forces the output of the NOR gate 60 to the low state, so that the switch 33 is blocked.
• the airplane In the central diagram of FIG. 4, the airplane is on the ground.
• the electric taxiing system 5 is activated and is powered.
• the ECS Hybrid 6 is powered entirely by electric power. A high voltage is then necessary to supply the electric taxiing system 5 and the hybrid ECS 6.
• the main source 9 is not used; auxiliary source 10 is available.
• the first control module 44 produces on line 50 a control signal Sel having a low state which blocks the switch 20.
• the auxiliary source 10 being available, the switch 21 is on; and switch 22 is off.
• the input voltage Ve is therefore the auxiliary voltage which is applied at the input of the AC/DC converter 24.
• the pin-programming signal PP is such that the configuration module 46 configures the AC/DC converter 24 so that the intermediate voltage Vi that it produces is equal to the low intermediate voltage Vi L.
• the voltage low intermediate is therefore applied to the first intermediate busbar 15 and supplies the electrical devices.
• the configuration module 46 generates a configuration signal HV_OK in the low state which blocks the switch 30.
• the signal HV_NOK is in the high state and turns on the switch 31.
• the intermediate voltage Vi (low intermediate voltage) is applied to the low voltage port LV of the DC/DC converter 29.
• the second control module 45 controls the DC/DC converter 29 on the basis of the signal Sel so that it converts this low intermediate voltage Vi_L into a high output voltage level which is therefore supplied to the high voltage port HV.
• the DC/DC converter 29 is then used as a step-up.
• control signal Sel being in the low state, the switch 35 is blocked; switch 32 and switch 34 are on.
• the Gate signal also being low, the output of NOR gate 60 is high and switch 33 is on.
• the high output voltage level, coming from the DC/DC converter 29, is therefore applied to the first downstream busbar 17 and to the second downstream busbar 18.
• the first supply voltage Val and the second supply voltage Va2 are therefore equal to the high output voltage level, Val and Va2 respectively supplying the first DC/AC converters 40 and therefore the electric motors 12 of the electric taxiing system 5, and the second DC/AC converters 41 and therefore the electric motors 13 of the ECS Hybrid 6.
• the airplane is on the ground.
• the electric taxiing system 5 is deactivated and is not powered.
• the ECS Hybrid 6 is powered entirely by electric power.
• a high output voltage level is required to power the ECS hybrid 6.
• Main source 9 and auxiliary source 10 are not available; the ground source 11 is used.
• the first control module 44 produces on line 50 a control signal Sel having a low state, which blocks the switch 20.
• the control signal Sel being in the low state and the auxiliary power source 10 does not not being available, switch 21 is off while switch 22 is on.
• the ground voltage which is a low voltage, is therefore applied to the upstream busbar 14. Thus, the electrical energy travels on line 64.
• the input voltage Ve at the input of the AC/DC converter 24 is therefore the ground voltage.
• the pin-programming signal PP is such that the configuration module 46 configures the AC/DC converter 24 so that the intermediate voltage Vi that it produces is equal to the low intermediate voltage Vi_L.
• the low intermediate voltage is therefore applied to the first intermediate busbar 15 and supplies the electrical devices.
• configuration module 46 generates a configuration signal HV_OK in the low state: switch 30 is then off and switch 31 is on. As the switch 31 is on, the intermediate voltage Vi (low intermediate voltage) is applied to the low voltage port LV of the DC/DC converter 29.
• the second control module 45 controls the DC/DC converter 29 so that it converts the low intermediate voltage, and produces a high output voltage level, supplied on the high voltage port HV.
• the DC/DC converter 29 is therefore used as a step-up.
• control signal Sel being in the low state, switch 35 is off while switch 32 and switch 34 are on.
• the high output voltage level, produced by the DC/DC converter 29, is therefore applied to the second downstream busbar 18.
• the second supply voltage Va2 is therefore equal to the high output voltage level and supplies the second DC converters /AC 41 and therefore the electric motors 13 of the hybrid ECS 6.
• control signal Sel being in the low state but the Gate signal being in the high state, the output of the NOR gate 60 is indeed in the low state and the switch 33 is blocked.
• the DC/AC converters 40 of the electric taxiing system 5 are not powered.
• the voltage on the first downstream busbar 17 is zero and the first supply voltage Val is zero.
• the control unit 3 acquires the flight parameter Pv which is representative of the altitude and/or of the phase of flight (step El), then verifies the phase and/or the altitude in which the airplane is located (step E2). If the airplane is in the “in flight” state, or if the altitude is a flight altitude (higher than a predetermined threshold), the control unit 3 acquires the information signal Gen representative of the level of the main voltage (step E3), and checks whether the level of the main voltage is a high level (high main voltage) or a low level (low main voltage): step E4.
• control unit 3 activates the conversion from HV to LV of the DC/DC converter 29 (voltage step-down).
• Switch 30 is closed and switches 31 and 32 are open (step E5).
• Switches 33 and 34 are open.
• the electric taxiing system 5 is not powered (step E7).
• step E4 if the level is a low level (case of the diagram on the left in FIG. 4), the control unit 3 controls the DC/DC converter 29 so that it does not carry out any conversion. Switch 31 is closed and switches 30 and 32 are open (step E8). The method then passes to step E6.
• step E2 if the phase is a “ground” phase or if the altitude corresponds to a position of the aircraft on the ground, the control unit 3 acquires the state of the auxiliary source 10 (APU) and the source on the ground 11 (step E9), then verifies the source which must be used (step E10).
• APU auxiliary source 10
• step Eli acquires a signal representative of the level of the auxiliary voltage and checks whether the level of the auxiliary voltage is a high level (auxiliary voltage high) or a low level (low auxiliary voltage): step E12.
• the control unit 3 does not activate the conversion by the DC/DC converter 29.
• the switch 30 is closed and the switches 31 and 35 are open (step El3).
• Switches 32 and 34 are closed.
• the high output voltage level powers the hybrid ECS 6 (step E14).
• Switches 32 and 33 are closed.
• the high output voltage level supplies the electric taxiing system 5 (step E15).
• step E12 if the level is a low level (case of the central diagram of FIG. 4), the control unit 3 drives the DC/DC converter 29 to carry out the conversion from LV to HV (boost). Switch 31 is closed and switches 30 and 35 are open (step E16). The method then passes to step E14.
• step E10 if it is the ground source 11 which is available, the control unit 3 acquires a signal representative of the voltage level of the ground source (step E17) and checks whether the voltage level level is a high level (high ground voltage) or a low level (low ground voltage): step E18.
• the control unit 3 does not activate the conversion by the DC/DC converter 29.
• the switch 30 is closed and the switches 31 and 35 are open (step E19).
• Switches 32 and 34 are closed.
• the high output voltage level supplies the hybrid ECS 6 (step E20).
• Switch 33 is open.
• the electric taxiing system 5 is not powered (step E21).
• step E18 if the level is a low level (case of the diagram on the right of FIG. 4), the control unit 3 drives the DC/DC converter 29 to carry out the conversion from LV to HV (boost). Switch 31 is closed and switches 30 and 35 are open (step E22). The method then passes to step E20.
• the supply system according to the invention is extremely advantageous for several reasons.
• the DC/DC converter 29 makes it possible to increase the voltage to supply the electric taxiing system 5 on the ground (and the hybrid ECS 6).
• DC voltage could for example be equal to 1800VDC or 1000VDC with an AC voltage equal to 230VAC.
• the gauge of the cables can thus pass from an AWG1 gauge to an AWG2 gauge for direct voltages, and from an AWG6 gauge to an AWG8 gauge for alternating voltages.
• the decrease in cable gauges is also interesting from the point of view of the installation of cables and equipment, because a smaller diameter cable is more flexible than a larger diameter cable. This property is very advantageous during the installation of the systems, and in particular for the electric taxiing system 5 whose equipment is located in places that are difficult to access.
• the DC/DC converter 29 thus advantageously makes it possible to ensure on the ground, where the pressure on the electrical cables of electrical equipment such as the hybrid ECS, installed in a non-pressurized zone, is the highest, an increase in the voltage level for provide a high voltage level satisfying an optimum previously studied in terms of weight gain and ease of installation of the electrical cables of this equipment.
• the power supply system allows the voltage level to be reduced so as to remain below the Paschen curve. This is for example visible in the example of FIG. 3 where the voltage which supplies the hybrid ECS 6 is lower at altitude (situation of the diagram on the left) than on the ground (situation of the central diagram).
• the voltage level 73 as a function comprising two predefined constant voltage levels which make it possible to maintain the voltage under the Paschen curve 74. It would also be possible, without using a level , to define the voltage level as it remains under the Paschen curve 74 (the level could then increase after the point P while remaining under the Paschen curve 74). The electric shock zone is thus avoided.
• the power supply system also constitutes a generic solution which can be implemented whatever the level of voltage provided by the power sources and whatever the level required by the customers' electrical systems.
• the AC/DC converter 24 and the DC/DC converter 29 are indeed configurable to produce voltage levels suitable for multiple applications. Again, this solution makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of the systems, but also to increase their reliability, since a system already tested on an aircraft program can be integrated into another program.
• the power system offers the possibility of simultaneously powering several parts of an electrical architecture with different voltage levels.
• the architecture presented is valid in all phases of an aircraft mission, from parking before takeoff to parking after landing, and this, regardless of the state of the engine(s) of the aircraft. aircraft (on or off).
• the availability rate of electrical systems powered by the power system is not reduced.
• the invention is not limited to the embodiment described but encompasses any variant falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
• the power supply system according to the invention can be used to supply any type of on-board electrical system having an electrical consumption which depends on the altitude and/or on the phase of flight in which the aircraft is located.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
• Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-04-08 FR FR2103581A patent/FR3121661B1/fr active Active
• 2022
  • 2022-04-08 EP EP22726386.0A patent/EP4320699A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-04-08 WO PCT/EP2022/059498 patent/WO2022214682A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 2022-04-08 US US18/285,793 patent/US20240195180A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-04-08 CN CN202280039726.9A patent/CN117501573A/zh active Pending

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