EP4320361A1

EP4320361A1 - Securing device and method of production

Info

Publication number: EP4320361A1
Application number: EP22721743.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Uwe PRANGEMEIER; Dorothee PRANGEMEIER
Original assignee: Kuf Verbindungselemente Ug Haftungsbeschraenkt
Current assignee: Kuf Verbindungselemente Ug Haftungsbeschraenkt
Priority date: 2021-04-10
Filing date: 2022-04-08
Publication date: 2024-02-14
Also published as: US20240035510A1; WO2022214667A1

Abstract

A securing device (1) for establishing a secured screw connection (2), comprising at least one securing component (1a). The securing component (1a) is configured as a washer (3), as a threaded nut (3a), as a threaded screw (3b) and/or as a securing unit (3c). The securing component (1a) comprises a contact body (2a) with two outer sides (2b, 2c) which lie opposite one another and of which at least one is configured as a contact side (4, 5) for contact with a support (23, 24) and has a side surface (40) on the contact side (4, 5). The securing component (1a) has a through opening (6), which connects the two outer sides (2b, 2c), for leading through, for example, a threaded bolt (3bb), and/or has a threaded bolt (3bb) which projects from the contact side (4, 5) of the securing component (1a). A planar contact surface (12) which is interrupted by depressions (7) and defines a contact plane (2d) is configured on the contact side (4, 5) of the contact body (2a), said contact surface (12) delimiting the contact body (2a) in the region of the side surface (40), with the result that the contact body (2a) does not protrude beyond the side surface (40) in the region thereof. A surface area proportion (40a) of the contact surface (12) which is arranged in the contact plane (2d) on the side surface (40) is greater than a surface area proportion (40b) of the depressions (7) on the side surface (40).

Description

Security device and method of manufacture

The present invention relates to a securing device for producing a secured connection and in particular a secured screw connection. The securing device comprises at least one securing component, which is designed in particular as a washer, a threaded nut, a threaded screw and/or as a securing unit. In addition, the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a security device.

Safety devices should permanently secure screw connections against a loss of preload force and unintentional loosening. Various backup devices for the production of secured screw connections have become known from the prior art.

Above all, washers with flat and smooth contact surfaces have become known. Friction creates a non-positive connection between counter-positions, such as a component and a screw with a screw head or a nut. The washer makes it possible to distribute the preload force applied by a screw head or a nut over a larger area, so that higher preload forces are possible without damaging the counter surface. The disadvantage here is that even the slightest loads, such as vibrations, can cause the counter-layers to migrate relative to the washer over time. The screw or nut loosens due to the relative movement. A simple washer with flat contact surfaces can therefore only insufficiently secure a screw connection. With the so-called Locktix discs, flat washers have also become known, which have nubs protruding outwards in the manner of a pyramid and distributed over their entire lateral surface. The functionality is satisfactory in itself. However, the pyramid-shaped nubs can press into the surface of the counter surface over the course of the service life. With progressive setting and creeping processes, the preload of the screw connection can decrease considerably. The surface or, for example, a layer of paint can also be damaged. Therefore, improved screw locks are desired.

Basically z. B. loosen a screw head if the screw connection loses its preload. Therefore, it is important to prevent the screw head or the screw from turning in the tightening state. To prevent relative movements z. B. from DE 202020101 633 Ul or DE 3042 388 Al resilient rings for securing screw connections become known.

A spring washer from DE 3042388 A1 has a disc-shaped body on which are trapezoidal elevations with scraping edges formed thereon, which project outwards in a pointed manner. The scraping edges dig into the surface of the workpiece or counter-surface during and after screwing. This wedges the spring ring. The disadvantage, however, is that the surface of the mating surface can be damaged. In addition, it has been shown that the preload can be significantly reduced after tightening due to setting and creep processes. This reduces safety and, in addition, you may end up with damaged surfaces.

DE 202020 101 633 U1 discloses a screw lock washer with an annular washer body. The spring force should be dimensioned in such a way that the resilient effect can compensate for the loss of prestressing force caused by the setting and/or creeping processes. The disc body has a cording in the form of a cord that protrudes obliquely outwards Engaging or gearing structure with a jagged surface. The ring is convex in cross-section. When tightening, the ring is deformed and jammed between the counter layers. The serrated surface wedges itself in the counter surface and is intended to prevent a screw head from loosening. Here, too, it is disadvantageous that the surface of the counter-layer can be damaged by the sharply protruding teeth and the prestress can be reduced considerably as the setting and creeping processes progress. In addition, the relative movement can destroy paint or a surface coating on a component due to the prongs.

In addition, disc-shaped safety devices have become known which have flat contact surfaces with pointed elevations, such as are known from DE 29922315 U1 or GB 93688 A, for example. When tightened, the elevations dig into the surfaces of the mating layers and thus secure the screw connection. In principle, the lock washers initially enable good form-fitting power transmission when tightened. High preload forces can cause the bumps to further indent over time. This reduces the preload force of the screw connection. In the event of additional alternating loads, such as vibrations, the screw connection can then come loose particularly easily.

There are also safety devices with wedge lock washers, such as from CN 209278312 U or EP 3253 977 A1, have become known. Two matching lock washers are positioned between a screw head and a component. On the sides facing the screw head and the component, radially outwardly extending ribs are formed, which can dig into the screw head or the component in a form-fitting manner. The mutually facing sides of the wedge-lock washers have step-like wedges which engage one another. The wedges have a greater pitch than the thread to be secured Screw connection, so that there is a high resistance to loosening the screw connection. When tightening, the discs can deform against each other. Overall, there is a high level of resistance to a loss of the preload force and also to a loosening of the screw connection. The disadvantage here is that a pair of discs cannot be used universally and must be specially matched to a screw connection. In addition, the two-part wedge lock washers must be manufactured to match one another. Overall, wedge lock washers are comparatively very expensive to manufacture. As a result, wedge lock washers are very expensive and are only used in special cases. It is also disadvantageous that the ribs bite into the surfaces of the counter-layers and damage them, and the prestressing force also decreases as a result.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a securing device for screw connections which is independent of a thread geometry and which, with simple means, ensures improved protection against a loss of preload force and loosening of the screw connection and in particular largely avoids damage to a surface of a counter bearing . In particular, the safety device should be able to be produced more cost-effectively than safety devices of the same value as are available in the prior art.

The object is achieved by a security device having the features of claim 1 and by a manufacturing method according to claim 31 . Preferred developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims. Further advantages and features of the present invention result from the general description and from the description of the exemplary embodiments.

A safety device according to the invention is used to produce at least one, in particular permanently, secured connection and in particular a secured screw connection. The security device comprises at least one security component, wherein the security component z. B. a washer, a Includes a threaded nut, a threaded screw and/or a securing unit or is designed as such. The securing component comprises at least one contact body with at least two opposite outer sides, of which at least one is designed as a (substantially planar) contact side for contact with a counter-surface. The securing component and in particular the contact body has a side surface on the contact side. The securing component comprises at least one through opening connecting the two outer sides for carrying out, and in particular for receiving, e.g. B. a threaded bolt and / or at least one of the contact side of the securing component (adjacent to the side surface) protruding threaded bolt. On the contact side of the contact body, a planar contact surface is formed which is interrupted by a plurality of indentations and defines a contact plane. The contact plane delimits the contact body in the area of the side surface. The contact body does not protrude beyond (beyond the contact level) in the area of the side surface. A surface area of the contact surface arranged in the contact plane on the side surface is preferably larger than a surface area of the depressions on the side surface.

The invention has many advantages. An essential advantage of the invention is that the contact surface is formed in a common contact plane. As a result, a very large level surface area of the side surface is made available, which enables a particularly large-area support. At the same time, depressions are formed on the side surface to a smaller extent, which interrupt the flat contact surface. When tightening a screw connection with sufficient clamping force, the screw shank is elastically preloaded.

The effects of setting processes are minimized over the large contact area. According to the invention, negative effects of creep processes are also eliminated by the large surface area of the flat contact surface is minimized. In addition, the effects of creep processes are still used positively, since a certain elastic deformation of the surface of the counter layer results and some material of the counter layer deforms elastically and moves into the depressions. As a result, a type of elastic form fit is achieved, which is canceled again when the connection is released and the prestress is thus released. Damage to the surface of the mating surface is thus avoided due to the majority of the surface area of the flat contact surface arranged in a common contact plane. A screw connection can be reliably secured and damage can be avoided. The invention allows an improved function with simple and inexpensive means. Essential for this is the high proportion of flat contact surface and a (considerably) small proportion of indentations in between, without having projections or prongs protruding beyond the contact surface. A certain degree of plastic deformation on the counter-surface is also possible.

The contact surface(s) of the contact side define a contact plane. In particular, the contact surface or the contact surfaces all extend completely in the contact plane and are also delimited by the contact plane and do not protrude beyond the contact surface. The contact side includes in particular (only) flat contact surface(s) and indentations formed on the contact side.

The side surface is particularly preferably made up of the contact surface and the surface of the depressions. If there were no indentations (as in a flat and well known washer) then the face would be the overall surface. Here, the side surface is particularly preferably the total theoretical (planar) surface.

A proportion of the area of the (planar) contact surface on the side surface is preferably greater than 60% or greater than 2/3 or greater than 70% or greater than 3/4. In particular, an area proportion of the depressions on the side surface is greater than 5% or greater than 8% or greater than 10%. The surface proportion of the depressions on the side surface can also reach 20%, 25% or 30% or even exceed 1/3 or 40%.

A surface proportion of the area of the depressions on the side surface is particularly preferably less than 40% or 35% or less than 30% or less than 25% or less than 15%.

In a simple embodiment, the proportion of the area of the contact surface on the side surface can be approximately 70% and the proportion of the area of the depressions on the side surface can be approximately 30% (approximately +/-5% in each case).

In advantageous developments, a plurality of separate depressions that are separate from one another are formed on the contact surface. The indentations can be completely separate or connected to one another partially or in sections.

Preferably, a plurality of contact areas are formed on the contact side of the contact body, each with flat contact surfaces and (recessed) depressions arranged between them. The contact surfaces of the contact areas (total) span the contact level. It is also conceivable that almost all of several surface areas are arranged in a common contact plane, while a surface area or individual surface areas are set back and are arranged outside of the common contact plane. Then this surface area counts as a depression.

Outside of the side surface and the area of contact with a mating surface, there can also be protruding sections, which then, however, do not contribute to the securing.

In preferred configurations, the contact plane delimits the contact body as a whole, so that the contact body (transverse to the contact plane) does not protrude beyond it. Advantageously, the contact surfaces are offset perpendicularly to their surface by at most 50 mpi or 30 μm or by less than 10 μm.

The contact surfaces or at least 80% of the contact surfaces of the contact areas (or the contact surface as a whole) advantageously maintain a common evenness in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1101-2017.

Preferably, one (and in particular a predominant number or almost each or each) transition from (the contact area with) the flat contact surface to a wall of the recess runs angularly. The transition is preferably designed with sharp edges according to DIN EN 13715-2020-01.

A transition radius which is smaller than 50 μm or smaller than 30 μm and in particular smaller than 20 μm or even 10 μm or even smaller than 10 μm is particularly preferably formed at the transition.

A transition radius which is smaller than 1/5 or 1/10 of a width of the recess is preferably formed at the transition.

In the case of a depression with a width of 300 μm, the transition radius from the wall to the contact surface is preferably less than 30 μm.

In advantageous configurations, a transition radius is less than half a percent or less than 1/10 or 1/20 percent of an outer diameter of the contact body.

An edge angle (of the contact area with) of the planar contact surface to a wall of the recess is preferably between 45° and 95°. Steeper angles are preferred. In particular, the edge angle of the depression to the contact area is between 85° and 95° or is (approximately) perpendicular.

In advantageous developments, a ratio of a width of an indentation to a depth of the indentation is between 3:1 and 1:3. The width is the shorter transverse extent and the length is greater transverse extension of the depression. In the case of circular indentations, the width and length are (almost) the same.

In particular, a ratio of a width to a depth of the recess is between 2:1 and 1:2.

A depth of the indentation can also depend in particular on the intended use. The choice of material for the contact body and the counter bearing can also have an influence. A bottom of the recess can preferably have a (maximum) depth of up to 1 mm or even up to 5 mm from the contact plane. Significantly smaller depths of 100 μm or 150 μm or 250 μm are also preferred.

In all configurations, the recess can have a rounded bottom.

In particular, the depressions have a sharp-edged edge (at the transition from the depression to the contact surface) at least in sections, the edge not protruding beyond the contact plane and the contact surface(s) being or being flat. Within the meaning of this application, the transition from the flat contact surface to a depression is particularly preferably referred to as an edge.

A major advantage of the invention is that a counter-surface comprising a screw, such as a screw with a screw head or a nut, or a component when tightening z. B. can put a screw in the wells with square edges or the sharp edge. The counter-position is advantageously elastically deformed for this purpose when it is tightened, so that it at least partially engages in the recess. In particular, a form-fitting connection is produced. The counter-layers can preferably be supported on the contact surface up to the sharp-edged edge. In addition, creep (time-dependent plasticization due to exceeding the yield point) caused by a high preload force causes the counter-surface to move even further into the Deepening can set so that a (slight) lengthening of a bolt and thus a (slight) loss of preload force have no negative effects. A high degree of support is achieved thanks to the large contact surface. This principle is particularly effective with high preload forces. A function of the safety device that is independent of the thread geometry of a screw or a bolt is particularly advantageous.

As a result, with a screw connection secured by the safety device, there is only a very small loss of pretensioning force, especially under dynamic loading over a long period of time. A Junker test of the safety device has shown that a loss of the pretensioning force of a screw connection secured by the safety device according to the invention turns out to be significantly less than 15% (based on the initial value). According to ISO 16130, this corresponds to an excellent security function. In the test, this could not be achieved by the other safety devices known in the prior art.

In addition, by optimizing the tightening torque, a lower loss of preload force can also be achieved in the Junker test. In particular, a form fit is increased and remains permanently.

A permanently secured form-fitting connection is preferably produced. This effectively prevents the screw connection from loosening on its own. In addition, due to the form fit of the counter-positions in the depressions, a loosening torque for loosening the screw connection can be greater than a tightening torque with which the screw connection is tightened.

The depressions can be produced inexpensively, in particular by forming. A safety device with an excellent safety function is advantageously made available, which is advantageously more cost-effective than that from the prior art Technology known security devices with a similar and even improved security function can be produced here.

A through-opening on the contact body is in particular fully closed and preferably forms out as a through hole. In addition, a contact body with a through-opening can also be slotted or clip-shaped or (in plan view) U-shaped, V-shaped, W-shaped, or C-shaped, so that the through-opening is not closed around the circumference in such configurations.

In an embodiment with a bolt and in particular a threaded bolt protruding from the securing component, the securing component can be designed as a threaded screw with a screw head. The contact side of the threaded screw is then formed in particular on an end face of the screw head, which faces the threaded bolt and surrounds it. A contact side (the end face) of the screw head has a side surface which is intended for contact with the counter-surface. In particular, the threaded bolt has a thread at least in sections.

Advantageously, a threaded bolt formed on the contact body is intended to be guided through the through-opening of a securing component formed as a washer or as a threaded nut or as a safety unit. Before geous has a threaded screw on at least one screwable thread. In particular, a screwable thread is formed on the threaded bolt.

In particular, a screwable thread can be formed on the through-opening. The washer and/or the threaded nut preferably have at least two contact sides (and in particular exactly two contact sides), namely at least one upper contact side and one lower contact side. The two contact sides are in particular aligned approximately parallel (or exactly parallel) to one another. Possible is also an oblique or angled orientation of the opposite outer sides and in particular of the two contact sides.

The safety unit can be designed, for example, as a component that secures a screw connection, or at least include such a component.

At least one indentation is present on the contact side. In particular, the contact side has a plurality of, for example, 5, 10 or 20 depressions. Advantageously, a contact side can also include about 40 or 60 or even more depressions. In addition, at least one contact side can also have significantly more depressions. Before given to the contact side can also have a large number of depressions. The depressions can have a bottom, but can also (partially or completely) be designed as through holes. The indentations can be embossed or e.g. milled. Through-holes can be milled, drilled, stamped, introduced by lasers or also by water jet or the like.

The edge of the depression in the sense of this application describes in particular the transition between the depression and a flat contact surface, which extends along the respective system side. In particular, the flat contact side includes a (common) flat contact surface. The indentations are preferably formed on the planar contact surface of the contact side and interrupt the common contact surface.

The sharp-edged edge at the indentation of the washer preferably has a workpiece edge tolerance of at least about H-0.1 mm. In particular, the edge of the washer has a workpiece edge tolerance of approx.

H— 0.01 mm (+- 30%) on. In addition, a tolerance of

workpiece edges can be even smaller. The edge is preferably formed with almost ideal sharp edges. Advantageously allows the sharp-edged edge causes local deformation of the counter-surface when tightening the screw connection, so that it settles into the recess. Sharp-edged here is angular in the geometric sense.

An edge angle of the indentation to the contact side at the edge of between 75° and 105° is advantageous. The edge angle is in particular greater than 85° and less than 95°. The edge angle particularly preferably has a value of approximately 90° (+−3°). Due to the right edge angle in particular, a detaching force acting tangentially to the contact sides can preferably be completely absorbed by the sharp-edged edge. This advantageously avoids the loosening of the screw connection. In particular, lifting is prevented, which would cancel the form-fitting connection. Preferably, the edge angle is substantially constant along the entire edge of the depression in order to ensure the function.

Particularly preferably, a (particularly rectilinear) fixing edge is formed at least in sections at least on the edge of the recess. The fixing edge is preferably formed in a straight line in cross section. In particular, the straight fixing edge has a depth of up to 0.05 mm or more to the contact side before a rounding or the like occurs.

Advantageously, the fixing edge enables the counter-layer to rest evenly on the edge of the depression. An acting force can be distributed over a surface by the fixing edge. The sharp-edged edge is preferably relieved as a result. Greater depths of the fixing edges are also possible. A depth of the fixing edge is advantageously matched to an (axial) stretching of the screw connection when tightening or the stretchability of the screw connection. In particular, an edge angle is constant along the fixing edge. The fixing edge is advantageously formed along the entire edge in order to ensure a direction-independent security function. Preferably, the depression (overall) has a significantly greater depth than the fixing edge. For this purpose, the indentation can, for example, be circular, elliptical, polygonal and/or rectangular in cross section, at least in sections. The indentation may extend perpendicularly from the surface. It is also possible for the depression to have a semicircular cross section, so that only the immediate edge on the surface has an angle of, in particular, 90° to the surface of the contact side. In the bottom area, the bottom can also be rounded.

A penetration depth of the counter-surface is advantageously less than the depth of the fixing edge. In particular, the low penetration depth is significantly less than one millimeter (depending on the materials), so that damage to the counter surface is prevented. In particular, a paint layer or an anti-corrosion layer is retained. For smaller screw connections, a penetration depth of the counter bearing can be up to about 0.05 mm, for example.

A proportion of the contact surface is preferably at least 50% of the (total) surface (side surface) of the contact side. Advantageously, a portion of the bearing surface of the bearing side is at least 60% of the surface of the bearing side. A portion of the contact surface of the contact side is preferably at least 2/3 or 70% or 75% or more. A proportion of the contact surface can preferably be up to 95% or even more. A sharp-edged edge does not protrude beyond the flat contact surface. In particular, the large contact surface ensures a level support and the formation of a non-positive connection.

In all of the configurations, the indentations are distributed in particular over the side surface (or at least a significant proportion or predominant part of the side surface) of the contact side.

The indentations are preferably in the form of, in particular elongate, Grooves or grooves formed. All of the features described below also apply analogously to grooves. Preferably, the grooves are distributed over a substantial portion of the side surface. Advantageously, grooves can be produced inexpensively by forming. In particular, an elongate groove has a length that is significantly greater than a width and/or a depth of the groove. In addition, a groove preferably has a straight edge on which a counter-surface can (settle and) be supported in a form-fitting manner. In addition, the indentation can also be circular, triangular or else rectangular, for example.

Preferably, the groove can be straight or ring-shaped. The straight groove can extend at least in sections transversely and/or radially along the flat contact side.

A groove advantageously has a width of between one thousandth and one tenth of the diameter of the contact side. In particular, a groove for smaller screw connections has a width of between approximately 0.01 mm and approximately 1 mm. In particular, a groove has a width of approximately 0.05 mm to 0.50 mm (+- 100%). In addition, wide grooves are also possible. A wide groove provides less resistance to deformation for the mating surface.

A groove advantageously has a depth of between one fiftieth and one tenth of the diameter of the contact side. In particular, a groove for smaller screw connections can have a depth of between approximately 0.1 mm and 1 mm on the contact side. Preferably, a groove has a depth of about 0.1mm (H-50%). Greater depths are also possible.

In particular, the minimum depth of a groove is determined by the depth of the fixing edge.

The grooves preferably run at an angle to one another at least in pairs or cross one another. The grooves preferably have at least one or more crossings. Preference form the Depressions and in particular the grooves have at least one net-like structure. Advantageously, as a result (taking into account the prestressing force), movement or migration of the counter-positions received in a form-fitting manner can be blocked at least partially or even (almost) completely in all axes of movement. In particular, the position of the counter-positions is thereby fixed in a form-fitting manner. This preferably prevents a reduction in the self-locking of the screw connection. Loss of the prestressing force and loosening of the screw connection are preferably prevented in this way. Net-like structures on the upper contact side may be different from the lower contact side.

In particular, at least one crossing angle of a crossing has a value between at least 30° and 150°. A crossing angle preferably has a value between 60° and 120°. In particular, a crossing angle has a value of approximately 90° (H—

30%) up. Advantageously, due to a crossing angle of approx. 90°, the acting forces are evenly supported in all directions by the sharp-edged edges.

A net-like structure is preferably formed by a plurality of grooves which intersect at least in pairs. Advantageously, the net-like structure extends at least over a significant portion of the contact side. In particular, the net-like structure is at least partially in the form of a honeycomb. In particular, the net-like structure extends completely over the contact side. Advantageously, the mesh-like structure with the multitude of grooves and sharp-edged edges (profile edges) can completely prevent migration of the counter-layers.

The contact body and in particular the securing component, and in particular at least the washer and/or preferably the threaded nut and/or the securing unit, is advantageously of mirror-symmetrical design at least in sections. Preferably, the plant body and in particular the securing component, and in particular at least the washer and/or preferably the threaded nut, is designed to be rotationally symmetrical at least in sections. In particular, this allows assembly independently of the. Preferably, at least the indentations on an upper and a lower contact side are mirror-symmetrical. This preferably enables cost-effective production and assembly.

The washer advantageously has the dimensions of a corresponding standard washer according to a corresponding DIN standard, in particular according to DIN 125, or else the ISO standard. At least one diameter of the washer preferably corresponds to the diameter of the standard washer. At least one height of the washer preferably corresponds to a height of the standard washer. At least one diameter of the through-opening preferably corresponds to the diameter of the standard washer. In particular, at least the tolerances of the washer correspond to those of the standard washer. Advantageously, a cost-effective replacement of the washers with existing screw connections is made possible by the safety device. The function of a screw connection with the washer according to the invention does not have to be verified by complex tests after replacement. Existing screw-in depths and geometric dimensions are preferably retained.

At least the depressions are advantageously produced by at least one embossing process. A sharp-edged edge can preferably be produced by the embossing process (of the depressions and in particular of the grooves). In particular, the indentations are made on one contact side or two or more contact sides by embossing processes.

A standard washer can preferably be used at least for the production of the washer, in which recesses be introduced with a sharp edge by forming and embossing.

The contact body of the safety device is preferably at least partially made of stainless steel (NiRoSta). Stainless steels are particularly suitable for this purpose. The safety device is then advantageously maintenance-free and wear-free.

In addition, simple steels are also possible, which can corrode where appropriate. The security component then preferably has at least one anti-corrosion layer. The anti-corrosion layer can advantageously comprise zinc, zinc flakes and/or nickel, for example. This preferably ensures a long service life and also reliable functioning of the safety device.

Depending on the application, at least the contact body or the safety component can also be made of brass, plastic or wood or the like.

Preferably, at least the contact side of the contact body has a surface hardness or through hardening that is 50 HV or greater than 150 HV (Vickers hardness). Advantageously, the contact side has a surface hardness or hardening that is greater than 250 HV or 350 HV. In particular, the hardness or surface hardness can have a value of 500 HV or even more. An even greater (surface) hardness is also possible.

At least the surface hardness of the contact side is preferably greater than a surface hardness of a counter-surface. This advantageously ensures that the counter-layers are set in the depressions and that the connection is positively locked. The counter layer has a lower surface hardness and tends to deform when tightened. In this way, the counter-surface can in particular settle into the depression with the sharp-edged edge. A deformation of the cavity or even just the sharp-edged edge of the depression is preferably prevented. In particular, a hardening depth is at least as deep as the depth of the fixing edge, so that reliable functioning of the safety device can be guaranteed. If present, all contact sides preferably have the same surface hardness.

In preferred configurations, the safety device comprises an object with a counter-surface formed thereon, the contact body resting with the contact side on the counter-surface of the object and being pressed against the counter-surface of the object via a fastening means and in particular screw means.

The securing device advantageously comprises at least one washer and/or a threaded nut and/or a threaded screw with a contact body. In particular, the safety device comprises at least one additional screw part. A screw part can in particular also be designed as a threaded bolt.

The safety device preferably comprises at least one component or is at least partially matched to a component. At least one thread and/or at least one bore or screw-in sleeve for producing the screw connection can preferably be formed and/or arranged on the component. The screwable part and/or the component preferably has a lower surface hardness than the washer, so that the counter-positions can be set in the depressions and the associated securing function can be coordinated with one another. To this end, the materials of the mating layers can advantageously be adapted as a function of the material and the surface hardness of the mating layer.

In particular, the securing component, and in particular the washer, rests on the component over the entire diameter. This preferably ensures that a form-fitting connection is produced. Preferably, the screwable part rests on a diameter that is smaller than the diameter of the washer. This ensures that friction between the surface of the component and the washer is always greater than friction between the screw head or a nut and the securing component. Consequently, the screw head or the nut preferably slips through relative to the securing component. In particular, there is no relative movement between the securing component and, for example, a component, so that damage to the component surface is prevented. In this way, paint layers and other sensitive surfaces can be effectively protected from damage or local destruction.

In preferred developments of all configurations, the securing device is designed as a wheel nut or includes one. A washer can be formed or accommodated on the wheel nut, which washer comprises a contact body on which a washer is rotatably accommodated. The contact body has a contact side which is interrupted by a plurality of indentations. A flat contact surface is formed on the contact side, which is interrupted by indentations and defines a contact plane which delimits the contact body in the region of the side surface.

In a preferred simple embodiment, a securing device according to the invention is provided for producing a secured connection and in particular a secured screw connection and comprises at least one securing component or is designed as such. The securing component comprises a washer or a threaded nut or is designed as such. The securing component includes a contact body with two opposite outer sides, of which at least one (or both) is designed as a contact side for contact with a counter-surface and has a side surface on the contact side. On the plant body is a through opening connecting the two outer sides for carrying out z. B. a threaded bolt educated. The through-opening can be designed as a through-hole so that it is closed around the circumference. However, the plant body can also have the through-opening, e.g. B. C, U, V, or W-för ig surrounded or be designed accordingly. On the contact side of the contact body, a flat contact surface is formed which is interrupted by a plurality of indentations and defines a contact plane, which delimits the contact body in the area of the side surface, so that the contact body does not protrude beyond it in the area of the side surface, with a surface proportion of the in the contact plane arranged (trained) contact surface on the side surface is larger than a surface area of the depressions on the side surface.

In a particularly simple embodiment of this variant, the securing component is a washer, on the side surface of which a large number of indentations interrupt a common contact plane, the surface area of the depressions being (considerably) smaller than the surface area of the contact surfaces in the contact plane.

In another preferred and simple embodiment, a securing device according to the invention is also provided for establishing a secured connection and in particular a secured screw connection and comprises at least one securing component or is designed as such. The securing component comprises a threaded screw or a securing unit or is designed as such. The securing component has a contact body with two opposite outer sides, at least one of which is designed as a contact side for contact with a counter-surface and has a side face on the contact side. The securing component has at least one bolt and in particular a threaded bolt protruding from the contact side of the securing component. The bolt or threaded bolt is arranged adjacent to the side surface on the contact body and can be directly or indirectly adjacent to it. On the investment side The contact body is formed with a flat contact surface which is interrupted by a plurality of depressions and defines a contact plane, which delimits the contact body in the area of the side surface, so that the contact body does not protrude in the area of the side surface (beyond the contact plane). A surface area of the contact surface arranged in the contact plane is larger on the side surface than a surface area of the depressions on the side surface.

In a particularly simple embodiment of this variant, the securing component is a threaded screw with a screw head and a bolt provided with a bolt, with a bearing side for bearing against a counter-bearing being formed on the underside of the screw head. The contact side has a side surface with contact surfaces in a common contact plane, which is interrupted by a large number of indentations.

The surface area of the depressions is (significantly) smaller than the surface area of the contact surfaces in the contact plane.

According to the invention, the use of a structural unit for producing a secured connection and in particular a secured screw connection is also claimed, the structural unit comprising a contact body with two opposite outer sides, of which at least one is designed as a contact side for contact with a counter-surface and a side surface on the contact side having. The unit has at least one through opening connecting the two outer sides for carrying out z. B. a bolt and in particular a threaded bolt and/or at least one bolt or threaded bolt protruding from the contact side of the structural unit (adjacent to the side surface on the contact body). On the contact side of the contact body, a flat contact surface is formed which is interrupted by a plurality of depressions and defines a contact plane, which delimits the contact body in the area of the side surface (= over the entire side surface), so that the contact body is in the area of the side surface does not protrude beyond (beyond the plant level). A surface area of the contact surface arranged in the contact plane on the side surface is larger than a surface area of the depressions on the side surface. A safety component, as described above, is particularly preferably used as the structural unit.

An alternative safety device according to the invention serves to produce at least one, in particular permanently, secured connection and in particular a secured screw connection. The security device comprises at least one security component, wherein the security component z. B. comprises a washer, a threaded nut, a threaded screw and / or a fuse unit or is designed as such. The securing component comprises at least one contact body with at least two opposite outer sides, of which at least one is designed as a (substantially planar) contact side for contact with a counter-surface. The securing component and in particular the contact body has a side surface on the contact side. The securing component comprises at least one through opening connecting the two outer sides for carrying out, and in particular for receiving, e.g. B. a threaded bolt and / or at least one of the contact side of the securing component (adjacent to the side surface) protruding threaded bolt. On the contact side of the contact body there is a planar contact surface which is interrupted by a plurality of elevations and defines a contact plane. The contact plane delimits the contact body in the area of the side surface. The contact body does not protrude beyond (beyond the contact plane) in the area of the side surface, apart from the elevations. Particularly preferably, a surface area of the contact surface arranged in the contact plane on the side surface is larger than a surface area of the elevations on the side surface.

Here the principle of operation is reversed. Basically, what was previously a depression is now an elevation. Of the The area proportion of the elevations is preferably small and is preferably less than 1/3 of the side area. Then the elevations will penetrate into the counter-surface and the flat contact surface will absorb and dissipate the forces. The elevations with an in particular angular edge structure can enter into a form-fitting connection with the counter-layer. If necessary, the deformation of the counter-surface in the area of the elevations is elastic, so that the counter-surface is not damaged. Such a configuration is particularly suitable for underlay components, threaded nuts and washers or also wheel nuts with a rotatably accommodated washer.

The method according to the invention serves to manufacture a security device according to the invention. The indentations are produced by at least one embossing process on at least the contact side(s) of the contact body. Advantageously, the high-pressure embossing process can achieve a very precise image of a shape such as an embossing die. A stamping process can preferably ensure the production of sharp-edged edges, which in particular have an edge angle of approximately 90° (+−10°). In addition, the production of

Indentations possible through a machining manufacturing process.

A standard washer or an already existing standard washer is preferably used to produce the indentations on the washer. Standard washers, in particular according to DIN 125, advantageously have a high level of availability and are at the same time inexpensive. In addition, special discs can also be used, which in particular do not have standardized dimensions.

The indentations (on both contact sides) are preferably produced by exactly one (double-sided) embossing process. The contact side of the contact body of the securing component can preferably be manufactured by a stamping process. The washer of the safety device can thus advantageously be manufactured in a single operation. This creates a manufacturing particularly inexpensive. In addition, the depressions can also be produced in several work steps and in particular by means of several embossing processes.

Upsetting and compression of the contact body are advantageously also achieved by the embossing process. Due to the high embossing force, a high degree of dimensional accuracy can be achieved. In addition, the contact body is compressed in the direction of the load, so that the internal structure of the contact body is compressed and, in particular, a screw connection no longer changes significantly under the load.

In particular, at least one contact side of the contact body is at least surface-hardened or through-hardened after the embossing process. The entire contact body is preferably surface-hardened. In particular, at least one contact side of the contact body is coated with an anti-corrosion layer after hardening to protect against corrosion.

Preference is given to the entire system body with a

Coated with an anti-corrosion layer. This advantageously ensures safe functioning and a long service life of the safety device.

Further advantageous developments and features of the present invention result from the exemplary embodiments, which are explained below with reference to the enclosed figures. In the figures show:

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a

Embodiment of a security device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment of a safety device according to the invention;

FIG. 3 shows a purely schematic side view of a safety device according to the invention secured screw connection;

FIG. 4 shows a purely schematic detailed view of a recess with a counter-position of a safety device according to the invention set in a form-fitting manner;

FIG. 5 shows a purely schematic detailed view of different cross sections of depressions of a safety device according to the invention;

FIG. 6 shows a purely schematic sectional view of a screw connection secured with securing devices according to the invention;

Figure 7 is a purely schematic side view of a than

Safety unit trained safety component with a through hole and a threaded bolt of a safety device according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a securing component 1a configured as a washer 3 of a securing device 1 according to the invention. The washer 3 comprises a contact body 2a with two opposite outer sides 2b, 2c. The washer 3 is mirror-symmetrical here. The outer sides 2b, 2c here form a first or upper contact side 4 and a second, other or lower contact side 5. Both contact sides 4, 5 are flat (and not bent like a spring ring). Here the washer 3 has a through-opening 6 which is designed here as a through-hole 6 which is closed on the circumference. Indentations 7 are formed on both contact sides 4, 5, each of which has an angular or sharp-edged edge 8 here. A tolerance of the workpiece edges of the sharp-edged edge 8 is approx. +/- 0.01 mm here.

On the side surface 2e as the surface of the outside 2b, the contact plane 2d is here covered by a plurality of depressions 7 interrupted. The depressions 7 separate the surface into different contact areas 4a to 4d etc. Each contact area 4a to 4d has a (largely) flat contact surface 12a etc. in each case. Here all contact surfaces 12a, 12b and 12c and thus surfaces of the contact area 4a, 4b and 4c are arranged or formed within a common contact plane 2d. The (in each case largely) planar contact areas 4a to 4d (and the other contact areas not specifically designated here as well) define a contact plane 2d overall, in which all are arranged together and which have a common flatness. Here the side surface of the entire safety device 1 is limited by the contact plane 2e perpendicular to the surface. No part and no section of the safety device 1 projects beyond the surface of the contact areas 4a to 4d and thus the contact level 2d. Only the areas of the depressions 7 jump back from the contact plane 2d.

The depressions 7 are designed here as elongated grooves 13 . The elongated grooves 13 advantageously have a long edge 8 with sharp edges. This means that there is an angular progression from the contact surface 12a into the groove 13 and from the groove 13 again an angular progression to the surface on the contact surface 12c. The edge 8 does not protrude outwards beyond the contact plane 2d. In preferred configurations, an edge angle 9 is approximately 90°, at least in the area of the surface.

The individual investment areas 4a to 4d can be angular and z. B. be approximately square, but can also have other shapes. A total surface area 40a of the contact surfaces 12a, 12b etc. on the entire side surface can be estimated using the shaded area. The area of the hatched square is calculated from the square of the width 4e of a contact area plus the width 27 of a groove 13. The proportion of the area of the contact surface 12 within the hatched area is four times the square of the width 4e. The difference here results in the surface area 40b of the indentations. Alternatively, the area proportion of the groove 13 in the shaded area can be determined as eight times the width 4e multiplied by the width 27 of the groove plus four times the width 27 squared.

Here, the contact areas in the hatched area have a width (and length) 4e that is six times the width 27 of the grooves 13. The result is a total area of the hatched area of 14*14=196 area units. The proportion of the flat contact surface 12 thereof is 4*6*6=144 area units. A surface proportion 40a of the planar contact surface 12 of approximately 73.5% results. Conversely, the total area of the depressions 7 in the shaded area is 8*1*6 plus 4*1*1, which results in 52 surface units and a surface proportion 40b of the depressions 7 of 26.5%. Thus, the area portion 40a of the flat contact surface l2 is over 70% and the area portion 40b is below 30%. This enables a safe and durable screw connection, even with high thermal loads and also with vibration loads.

The elongate grooves 7 are straight here and extend over the entire diameter 16 of the contact sides 4, 5 of the contact body 2a of the washer 3. The grooves 13 run at an angle to one another over the contact sides 4, 5. The elongate grooves 13 intersect. A large number of intersections 14 are present. At the intersections 14, two grooves 13 intersect at a crossing angle of 90°.

A width of the grooves 27 is constant and is in the range of about 0.3 millimeters here. The areas between the depressions 7 designed as grooves 13 form the flat contact surface 12 overall. A proportion of the contact surface 12 on the respective contact side 4, 5 is significantly more than 50% here, so that in addition to the positive connection, a non-positive connection is also produced when tightening. When producing a screw connection 2, counter-positions 23, 24, which can be designed as a screw part 23 or as a component 24, can be placed in the depressions 7 on the planar contact sides 4, 5. A positive connection is created. The counter-layers 23, 24 can be supported on the sharp-edged edges 8. At the same time, the large, flat contact surface 12 creates a non-positive connection.

The safety component 1a of the safety device 1 designed as a washer 3 is designed as a standard washer 26 here. The standard washer 26 has dimensions 16, 17, 18 according to DIN 125 here.

The indentations 7 in the washer 3 were produced here by (precisely) an embossing process on both sides. During the embossing process, an embossing stamp with the special profile is pressed into the washer 3 with great force. As a result, a high degree of dimensional accuracy of the sharp-edged profile 8 can be achieved, which properties of the safety device 1 are decisive for the excellent safety.

A schematic cross section along the dashed line is also drawn in at the top right in FIG. 1, which shows possible and preferred cross sections of the depressions 7 . The edge angles 9 are preferably (almost) perpendicular. The bottom 7b of the recess can be (almost) square, but can also be round or rounded. Basically, the shape of the floor doesn't matter that much. More important is the orientation of the fixing edge and an angular or sharp-edged transition to the contact surface 12. The depth 11 of the fixing edge 10 or the depression is selected so that there is an (elastic and possibly slightly plastic) form-fitting connection with the counter layer.

A modification is shown at the bottom right in FIG Contact surface 12 on the entire side surface 2e (obliquely + vertically hatched) is even larger and in both modifications (above and below the dashed line of symmetry) is 90% and more. The wells 7 can, for. B. have a circular cross-section and be arranged distributed on the surface. The area portion 40b (vertically hatched) of the depressions 7 is small here and is approximately 10% in the example shown.

In principle, it is also possible for the elements 7 not to be in the form of depressions, but in another configuration to protrude as elevations from the flat surface, e.g. perpendicularly, and form elevations 7 . A common planar contact surface 12 is then also made available. The individual elevations 7 then penetrate into the opposite position until the contact surface 12 comes to a stop. A secure screw connection is then also made available, in which there is no fear of a strong reduction in stress due to setting or creeping processes, even under the influence of temperature or heat, if the contact surface 12 is loaded directly against a block. Due to the large, flat contact surface, there is a high degree of effectiveness. The other dimensions and configurations and angles apply analogously to the elevations and to the depressions.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic perspective view of a further exemplary embodiment of a washer 3 designed as a securing component la with a contact body 2a with a through-opening 6 of a washer according to the invention

Safety device 1. The contact body 2a of the washer 3 has two opposite outer sides 2b, 2c. The outer sides 2b, 2c are designed as two flat contact sides 4, 5, each having a common flatness in a contact plane 2d. The flat contact surface 12 is interrupted by indentations 7 . The through-opening 6 is designed as a through-hole 6 here as well. The depressions 7 are designed as grooves 13 here as well. The grooves 13 are also here elongated. The grooves 13 here run radially from the inside to the outside. In addition, three ring-shaped peripheral grooves 13 are present. The radially running grooves 13 and the ring-shaped grooves 13 cross each other here at a crossing angle of approximately 90°. The grooves 13 form a net-like structure 15 which extends over the entire contact sides 4, 5. The washer 3 is mirror-symmetrical and largely rotationally symmetrical.

The form fit on the net-like structure 15 prevents a relative movement of the counter-positions 23, 24, such as a screw part 23 or a component 24, of a tightened screw connection 2 to the washer 3 of the safety device 1, which can lead to the screw connection 2 loosening. A similar effect is produced by the net-like structure 15 of the washer 3 according to the first exemplary embodiment from FIG.

The safety component 1a of the safety device 1 designed as a washer 3 is designed as an M 12 standard washer 26 according to DIN 125 here. A diameter 16 of the washer 3 corresponds here to approximately 24 mm. A diameter 18 of the passage opening 6 has about 13 mm here. A height 17 of the washer 3 is about 2.5 mm here. Here too, a portion of the contact surface 12 on the contact side 4.5 is more than 50% or even 60%, so that a non-positive and positive locking function of the locking device 1 is ensured.

FIG. 3 shows a purely schematic side view of a screw connection 2 secured by means of the securing device 1 according to the invention, each with a securing component la. The securing component 1a is designed as a mirror-symmetrical washer 3 on the left-hand side. The contact body 2a of the securing component la has two opposite outer sides 2b, 2c. The two outer sides are designed as flat contact sides 4.5, the contact surfaces in a common Plant level 2d are formed. There are two counter-positions 23, 24, a screw 23 and a component 24 available. The lower contact side 5 of the washer 3 rests on the surface of the component 24 over its entire surface. The screw part 23 rests on the upper contact side 5 . The screw part 23 is designed here as a hexagonal screw. The screw head of the hexagonal screw of the screw part 23 rests on the upper side 4 of the abutment. The component 24 and the screw part 23 have been placed in the recesses 7 designed as grooves 13, so that there is a form-fitting connection.

On the right side, the securing component 1a is designed as a threaded screw 3b. The threaded screw 3b has a contact body 2a, which is designed here as a screw head 3ba. In addition, the threaded screw 3b has a threaded bolt 3bb. The screw head 3ba here has two outer sides 2b, 2c. The outside 2c is designed as a lower contact surface 5 here. A lower contact surface 5 is formed on the screw head 3ba, which has the depressions 7 with the sharp-edged edge 8 . The contact surface 5 is formed on an end face 3bc facing the threaded bolt 3ba. The depressions 7 are designed as elongated grooves 13 . The grooves 13 are distributed over a significant portion of the lower contact side 5 on the screw head 3ba and also form a net-like structure 15 here.

FIG. 4 shows a purely schematic detailed view of a depression 7 which is formed on a flat lower contact surface 5 on a contact body 2a designed as a screw head 3ba. Likewise, the depression 7 can also be present on a securing component 1a, designed as a threaded screw 3b, of a securing device 1 according to the invention. A set surface 25 of the component 24 is shown here purely schematically. When tightening, the component 24 is deformed on the surface. Included the material settles. During this and afterwards, some material creeps into the depression 7. A form-fitting connection is created between the component 24 and the washer 3, which is optionally elastic, so that the material relaxes when it is released.

The set or penetrated surface 25 of the counter-surface engages in the depression 7 designed as a groove 13 . The component 24 is supported on the sharp-edged edges 8 of the depression 7 . The sharp-edged edge 8 does not protrude beyond the contact surface 12 . The sharp-edged edges 8 are present here along the entire edges 8 of the depressions 7 designed as grooves 13 . Here there is an edge angle 9 of 90° to the contact side. This ensures that tangentially acting forces are transmitted directly between the component 24 and the washer 3 and are not deflected, as is the case with an inclined surface. The surface of the component 24 can settle even further into the depression 7 as a result of creeping. The set surface 25 then penetrates deeper into the depression 7 . Creeping therefore does not lead to a damaging loss of the prestressing force of the screw connection 2. There is a high degree of security against the screw connection 2 coming loose.

The indentation 13 designed as a groove 13 has a fixing edge 10 designed in a straight line on the edge 8 . The fixing edge 10 extends here in a straight line with the through the edge angle

9 predetermined slope perpendicular to the surface of the component 24. The fixing edge 10 has a depth 11 of about 0.04 mm. The fixing edge 10 allows a force acting in the tangential direction to be distributed over a larger area, so that the edge 8 itself is relieved. The set surface 25 does not protrude beyond the depth 11 of the fixing edge

10 out. In addition, the groove 13 extends significantly deeper than the fixing edge 10. A depth of the groove 28 is approximately 0.2 mm here. A width of the groove 27 is in the range of 0.3 millimeters. The groove 13 here has a semi-circular cross section. This can be manufactured particularly conveniently by forming by embossing.

The only slight deformation of the counter-layers 23, 24 ensures that the component 24 is not damaged or even scratched. A layer of paint or an anti-corrosion layer is usually retained.

The form-fitting connection of the counter-layers 23, 24 with the indentations 7 with the sharp-edged edges 8 in the securing component 1a (generated taking into account the prestressing force) prevents the screw connection 2 from loosening. This ensures an excellent security function. Due to the form-fitting connection with the securing component 1a, a loosening torque for releasing the tightened screw connection 2 can be greater than a tightening torque when tightening.

The contact body 2a is made of stainless steel 19 here. The outer sides 2b, 2c of the contact sides 4, 5 here have a hardened surface 21 or are hardened through.

The surface hardness here is 250 HV, but can also be significantly higher or lower depending on the application. A hardening depth 22 is greater here than the depth 11 of the fixing edge 11. In addition, the contact body 2a can also have an anti-corrosion layer 20.

Figure 5 shows a purely schematic view of two different cross sections of depressions 7 of contact sides 4, 5 of a contact body 2a of a security component la of a security device 1 according to the invention. In addition to a semicircular cross section of the groove 13 in the upper part, there is an alternative rectangular cross section of the groove in the lower part 13 shows, which can be realized simply and inexpensively, for example, by means of metal-cutting manufacturing processes. The grooves 13 on an upper contact side 4 and a lower contact side 5 can all configurations can also be aligned offset to one another.

On the left-hand side, FIG. 6 shows a purely schematic sectional view of one with the device according to the invention

Securing device 1 secured screw connection 2, wherein two securing components la are present, which are designed as washers 3. In addition, two screw parts 23 and two components 24 are present. The screw parts 23 are designed here as a hexagonal screw and a nut. The screw parts 23 and the components 24 here have a lower surface hardness than the hardened surfaces 21 of the washer 3.

On the right side, the safety device 1 comprises two safety components la, a threaded screw 3b and a threaded nut 3a. The counter layers 24 are formed by the components 24 . The threaded screw 3b here has a contact body 2a designed as a screw head 3ba. The screw head 3ba has two outer sides 2b, 2c. An outside 2c is designed as a contact side 5 . In addition, the locking component la designed as a threaded screw 3b has a threaded bolt 3bb. In addition, there is a locking component 1a designed as a threaded nut 3a. The contact body 2a here has two outer sides 2b, 2c, one of the outer sides 2b, 2c being designed as the lower contact side 5. FIG. Formed on the contact sides 5 are depressions 7 with a sharp-edged edge 8 , which extend over the entire contact side 5 as elongated grooves 13 . The contact surface can also be enlarged on the right-hand side, as shown on the left-hand side.

FIG. 7 shows a safety component 1a designed as a safety unit 3c. The security unit 3c has a contact body 2a, which has two opposite outer sides 2b, 2c. The outer side 2b is designed here as an upper contact side 4, on which depressions 7 with a sharp-edged edge 8 are designed. On the plant body 2a is the through opening 6 connecting the two outer sides 2b, 2c and a threaded bolt 3bb protruding from the upper contact side 4.

The invention provides a safety device 1 which comprises at least one safety component la. The securing component la is designed as a washer 3, a threaded nut 3a, a threaded screw 3b and/or a securing unit 3c. The securing component la comprises a contact body 2a with two opposite outer sides 2b, 2c. At least one of the outer sides 2b, 2c is designed as a flat contact side 4, 5. The plant body has at least one of the two outer sides 2b, 2c connecting passage opening 6 for carrying out z. B. a threaded bolt 3bb and / or at least one of the plant side 4, 5 protruding threaded bolt 3bb. On at least one contact side 4, 5, a plurality of indentations 7 is formed as grooves 13, which in particular have a sharp-edged edge 8 with an edge angle 9 to the contact side of approximately 90° (+- 10°). The grooves 13 run across the contact sides 4, 5 and have crossings 14. This prevents a counter-surface 23, 24 from moving tangentially. The counter-layers 23, 24 are seated in the depressions 7 when tightened, so that there is a positive connection. In this case, the set surface 25 is supported on the fixing edges 10 . In addition, a flat contact surface 12 advantageously has a proportion of at least 50% on the contact side 4, 5, so that there is also a non-positive connection. In this way, an excellent securing function of a screw connection 2 is advantageously made possible. The indentations 7 in the contact surfaces 12 can be produced in a particularly cost-effective manner by reshaping using exactly one embossing process. In particular, a standard washer 26 can be used to produce a washer 3 according to the invention.

Further advantages of the invention are described below:

In particular, there are a large number of screw locks on the market market such as B. Wedge lock washers, locktix washers, Schnorr washers, locking washers. All of them advantageously cause the washers to cut into the counter-positions (screw head, nut, workpiece) under the pretensioning force created by tightening the screw connection, and as a result preferably receive a form fit in addition to the frictional connection, on at least one side of the washer, through a cutting-in profiling of the slices. Wedge lock washer pairs also work advantageously with a wedge geometry on the inside, which has a larger angle than the respective pitch of the thread of the screw and thus also represents an anti-loosening restraint.

Disadvantages of the previously known solutions:

Most lock washers preferably have very small sharp or pointed bearing surfaces.

This tends to push them in and destroy the surfaces/paint of the mating surfaces (screws/nuts/workpieces).

In particular, the screw connections 2 continuously lose their preload force over time, taking into account the preload force due to “creeping” caused by static and dynamic and/or thermal loads.

In particular, the loosening torque is less than the tightening torque.

They preferably have different dimensions 16, 17, 18 than standard washers and therefore cannot simply be exchanged without testing.

In particular, most good lock washers have a very high price (wedge lock washers, locktix washers...)

Many of the current well-functioning lock washers only have a total of very small punctiform contact surfaces in the plane. Their profiles usually have pointed/sharp wedges and cutting edges on the contact surface, which have an incisive effect. As a result, they cut deeper into the mating layers even after assembly, caused by the respective operational loads in connection with high pretensioning forces, and can permanently deform and damage them considerably. The known safety devices 1 can thus continuously lose their prestressing force. They often penetrate the paintwork and also destroy anti-corrosion protection.

The pure contact surfaces (actual contact surfaces) are quite small due to the conical or pyramid-shaped tips or wedges (e.g. Locktix washers) or due to the sharp cutting edges (wedge lock washers, Schnorr washers). In total, the contact surfaces are usually less than 20% of the available total area. As a result, a force acting at a point on the contact surfaces is correspondingly high and the counter positions on screws, nuts and workpieces often give way and allow the lock washers to penetrate, which in turn has a particularly negative effect on their pretensioning force.

In addition, many existing lock washers have only a radial embossing pattern which only partially restricts the in-plane freedom of movement of the connecting parts.

Lock washers known in the state of the art, such as wedge lock washers and locktix washers, are quite expensive, so that they are usually only used selectively. In addition, according to the Junker test, locking washers (middle price segment) only have limited security properties.

In addition, almost all common lock washers preferably have other dimensions than standard washers. Therefore, these cannot always be exchanged without hesitation, as there may be the screw length or the space conditions do not allow an exchange.

In particular, the object of the invention is to permanently prevent screw connections from loosening on their own. In addition, a prestressing force applied during assembly should preferably be retained as best as possible. The components (screws/nuts/workpieces) should preferably not be damaged among themselves.

In particular, the lock washers, preferably in all conceivable sizes, should be made of a harder material than the material from which the counter-positions (screw/nut, workpiece) are made. For reasons of cost, different hardness variants can also be manufactured for the respective strength classes. In addition, the locking washers must advantageously have a contact surface that is as large and flat as possible.

The lock washers are preferably provided with effective form-locking recesses on both sides. The special indentations (the tread pattern itself, whether checkered, honeycomb pattern, triangles or polygons, is of secondary importance) are advantageously at right angles (approx. 90°) and preferably sharp-edged (tolerance less than + 0.1 mm or less than + 0.05 ) introduced to the flat contact surfaces.

These indentations (grooves or grooves) give the counter-positions (screws/nuts/workpieces) the opportunity to "settle" into them, preferably taking into account the preload force, especially during assembly, and then to "creep/flow" minimally further afterwards ". As a result, the surface of the counter-layers is advantageously additionally compacted, as a result of which deeper penetration in particular becomes more and more difficult.

Due to the particularly sharp but burr-free 90° edges of the profile, minimal edges are preferably formed during assembly through the setting of the components, which, taking into account the applied prestressing force no longer allow twisting or slipping in all axes and can thus advantageously fix the components together.

Various coatings such as e.g. B. zinc, zinc flakes, nickel or the like can be applied.

Advantages of the invention are in particular:

In particular, they permanently secure screw connections against (automatic) loosening and loosening.

In particular, they fix the individual components of the screw connection to one another.

Advantageously, you get the preload force permanently at a very high level.

They cause a form fit, which increases with the level of load and the time the screw connection is tightened due to "creeping".

You get the advantage of the corrosion protection (paint, zinc layer ...) of the counter-layers, since the screw head (smaller friction surface) slips advantageously over the contact body during assembly.

Due to their special indentations (form-fit indentations), they block the freedom of movement of the counter-bearings in all axes, taking into account the pre-tensioning force and the resulting setting.

They are advantageously interchangeable with current standard washers due to their dimensions.

In particular, they are embossed equally on both sides.

They are preferably cheaper to produce than comparable security elements. The loosening torque is usually higher than the tightening torque due to the setting and creep behavior.

Embodiments of the invention:

The pattern, which is formed in particular as a washer 3, itself must be such that the freedom of movement is blocked in particular after the washer has been set, taking into account the prestressing force in all axes.

After the embossing process, the proportion of the advantageously flat contact surface must be at least 50% or greater than the unprofiled original base surface in order to limit the setting and creeping behavior to a large extent in the long term.

In particular, the following should be protected:

Safety device 1, which advantageously has sharp-edged (+0.1 mm) depressions 7 in the flat contact surfaces 12 and in particular at right angles to the contact surfaces 12, in particular with fixing edges, which are preferably introduced in the flat and parallel contact surfaces 12.

Safety device 1, wherein in particular the depressions 7 are advantageously introduced uniformly/net-like and preferably on both sides in the contact surfaces 12.

Securing device 1, wherein in particular the depressions 7, if preferably not completely on both sides, preferably one surface completely and the opposite surface at least in the inner region of the screw support, in preferably the contact surfaces 12, in particular uniformly/net-like are introduced.

Safety device 1, in particular the remaining flat contact surface 12, preferably after the indentations 7 with the sharp-edged edge 8, advantageously at least 50% of the original surface, v the contact side 4, 5 maintains.

Securing device 1, wherein the washer 3 consists in particular of a material with a surface hardness 20 greater than or equal to 50 or 200 HV. The surface hardness 20 of the washers should advantageously always be greater than the mating layers 23, 24 (screws/workpieces) of the connection.

Reference :

1 securing device 10 fixing edge la securing component 11 depth of 10

2 screw connection 12 contact surface

2a contact body 12a contact surface

2b outside of 2a 12b contact surface

2c outside of 2a 12c bearing surface

2d contact level 13 groove

2e side surface 14 intersection

3 washer 15 net-like structure

3a threaded nut 16 diameter of 3

3b threaded screw 17 height of 3

3ba screw head of 3b 18 diameter of 6,

3bb threaded bolt of 3b hole diameter

3bc face of 3ba 19 stainless steel

3c fuse unit 20 anti-corrosion layer

4 (upper) plant side 21 hardened surface

4a investment area 22 depth of 21

4b contact area 23 screw part, counter bearing

4c contact area 24 component, opposite position

4d system area 25 set counter position (23,24)

4e width 26 standard washer

5 (lower) attachment side 27 width of 13

6 through hole of 3 28 depth of 13

7 indentation 40 side surface

7a wall of 7 40a surface area of 12

7b bottom of 7 40b area portion of 7

8 sharp edge

9 edge angles

Claims

Expectations :

1. Securing device (1) for producing a secured connection and in particular a secured screw connection (2), comprising at least one securing component (la), the securing component (la) having a washer (3), a threaded nut (3a), a threaded screw (3b ) and/or a safety unit (3c), and wherein the safety component (la) comprises a contact body (2a) with two opposite outer sides (2b, 2c), of which at least one as a contact side (4,5) for contact with a Counter-layer (23,24) is formed and has a side surface (40) on the contact side (4, 5), and wherein the securing component (la) has at least one through-opening (6) connecting the two outer sides (2b, 2c) for carrying out z. B. a threaded bolt (3bb) and/or at least one threaded bolt (3bb) protruding from the contact side (4.5) of the securing component (la), characterized in that on the contact side (4.5) of the contact body (2a) a is formed, interrupted by a plurality of depressions (7) and defining a contact plane (2d), which delimits the contact body (2a) in the area of the side surface (40), so that the contact body (2a) in the area of the Side surface (40) does not protrude beyond this, with a surface portion (40a) of the contact surface (12) arranged in the bearing plane (2d) on the side surface (40) being larger than a surface portion (40b) of the depressions (7) on the side surface (40 ).

2. Safety device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the surface area (40a) of the contact surface (12) on the side surface (40) is greater than 60% or greater than 70%.

3. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding Claims, wherein a surface proportion (40b) of the surface of the depressions (7) on the side surface (40) is less than 40% or less than 25% or less than 15%

4. Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein on the contact surface (12) a plurality of separate and separate depressions (7) are formed.

5. Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein on the contact side (4.5) of the contact body

(2a) a plurality of contact areas (4a-4c) each having flat contact surfaces (12a-12c) and depressions (7) arranged between them are formed, and that the contact surfaces

(12a-12c) of the contact areas (4a-4b) span the contact level (2d).

6. Safety device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the contact surfaces (12a-12c) of the contact areas (4a-4c) comply with a common flatness according to DIN EN ISO 1101:2017-0.

7. Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a transition from the flat contact surface

(12a-12c) runs angularly to a wall (7a) of the depression (7).

8. Safety device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the transition is designed with sharp edges according to DIN EN 13715-2020-01.

9. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a transition radius is formed at the transition, which is smaller than 50 pm.

10 Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a transition radius is formed at the transition, which is smaller than 1/5 of a width of the depression.

11. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an edge angle (9) of the flat contact surface to a wall (7a) of the recess (7) is between 45° and 95°.

12. Safety device (1) according to one of the two preceding claims, wherein the edge angle (9) of the depression (7) to the contact area (4a-4c) is between 85° and 95° or perpendicular.

13. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a ratio of a width to a depth of the depression (7) is between 3:1 and 1:3.

14. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a ratio of a width to a depth of the depression (7) is between 2:1 and 1:2.

15. Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a bottom (7b) of the recess (7) has a depth

(11) of up to 1 mm or 5 mm from the contact plane (2d).

16. Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the recess has a rounded bottom.

17. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a proportion of an entire contact surface (12) as the sum of all flat contact surfaces (12a-12c) on the contact side (4.5) is at least 66%.

18. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a surface portion (40a) of the contact surface (12) arranged in the bearing plane (2d) on the side surface (40) is greater than 2/3 and a surface portion (40b) of the depressions (7) on the side face (40) is less than 1/3.

19. Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sharp-edged edge (8) does not protrude beyond the flat contact surface (12a-12c).

20. Securing device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the depressions (7) are formed as grooves (13) which are distributed over the contact side (4,5) of the washer (3).

21. Safety device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein at least some of the grooves (13) intersect.

22. Security device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the depressions (7) form a net-like structure (15).

23. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact body (2a), and in particular the washer (3) and/or the threaded nut (3a) and/or the safety unit (3c), has at least two contact sides (4.5 ) having.

24. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact body (2a) is mirror-symmetrical and/or rotationally symmetrical.

25. Safety device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact body (2a) the dimensions

(16,17,18) has a standard washer (26).

26. Security device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the depressions (7) are produced by at least one embossing process.

27. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the safety component (1a) consists of a stainless steel (19) and/or wherein the washer (3) has at least one anti-corrosion layer (20).

28. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact side (4, 5) has a greater surface hardness (21) than a counter-surface (23, 24).

29. Safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an object with a counter-surface formed thereon, wherein the contact body rests with the contact side on the counter-surface and is pressed against the counter-surface of the object via a screw means.

30. Use of a security device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the contact body with the contact surface formed thereon and the depressions is used to secure an object.

31. Method for manufacturing a contact body (3) of a safety device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the depressions (7) are manufactured by at least one embossing process.

32. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein a standard washer (26) is used to manufacture the washer (3).

33. The method as claimed in one of the two preceding claims, in which the indentations (7) are produced by precisely one embossing process, in particular on both sides.

34. The method according to any one of the three preceding claims, wherein at least one contact side (4, 5) of the contact body (2a) is surface-hardened and/or through-hardened and/or coated to protect against corrosion after the embossing process.

35. The method according to any one of the four preceding claims, wherein an embossing die is used to introduce the depressions.

36. Security device for the production of a secured Connection and in particular a secured screw connection comprise at least one securing component, wherein the securing component z. B. a washer, a threaded nut, a threaded screw and/or a securing unit, wherein the securing component comprises at least one contact body with at least two opposite outer sides, at least one of which is designed as a contact side for contacting a counter-surface, and wherein the securing component has a side surface on the contact side, wherein the securing component comprises at least one through opening connecting the two outer sides for the passage of a threaded bolt and/or at least one threaded bolt protruding from the contact side of the securing component, characterized in that on the contact side of the contact body one of a plurality of elevations is interrupted and a planar contact surface defining the contact plane is formed, which delimits the contact body in the area of the side surface, apart from the elevations, and that a surface proportion of the contact surface arranged in the contact plane surface on the side surface is larger than a surface proportion of the elevations on the side surface.