EP4314138A1 - Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper - Google Patents
Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damperInfo
- Publication number
- EP4314138A1 EP4314138A1 EP22711477.4A EP22711477A EP4314138A1 EP 4314138 A1 EP4314138 A1 EP 4314138A1 EP 22711477 A EP22711477 A EP 22711477A EP 4314138 A1 EP4314138 A1 EP 4314138A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- layer
- article
- article according
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920001967 Metal rubber Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CXUJOBCFZQGUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-F calcium trimagnesium tetracarbonate Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Ca++].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O CXUJOBCFZQGUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000515 huntite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;dioxido(oxo)tin Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Sn]([O-])=O BNEMLSQAJOPTGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BHTBHKFULNTCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc;tin(4+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2].[Sn+4] BHTBHKFULNTCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 5
- RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[AlH3] RREGISFBPQOLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 11
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- -1 bromobutyl Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 229920003049 isoprene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005557 bromobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005549 butyl rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005556 chlorobutyl Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002681 hypalon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- IXURVUHDDXFYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-(oxolan-3-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methylbutan-1-one Chemical compound CC(C)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(OC(F)F)C(OC2COCC2)=C1 IXURVUHDDXFYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101000667821 Homo sapiens Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoE Proteins 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006169 Perfluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102100039640 Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoE Human genes 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920005560 fluorosilicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- BGGGMYCMZTXZBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxyphenyl) phosphono hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)=C1 BGGGMYCMZTXZBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007973 cyanuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006229 ethylene acrylic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005402 stannate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D22/00—Producing hollow articles
- B29D22/02—Inflatable articles
- B29D22/023—Air springs; Air bellows
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K3/2279—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of antimony
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
- C08K2003/2224—Magnesium hydroxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2227—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/267—Magnesium carbonate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/014—Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/02—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum
- F16F9/04—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using gas only or vacuum in a chamber with a flexible wall
Definitions
- Article in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper
- the invention relates to an article with a single-layer or multi-layer base body with elastic properties, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper.
- Articles with elastic properties which are used for the suspension of motor vehicles or rail vehicles, for example, and/or serve to dampen vibrations, are manufactured using elastomeric mixtures, also referred to as rubber mixtures. These elastomeric compounds, which are commonly used for the basic properties of such articles, are well known.
- Articles with outstanding elastic properties such as metal-rubber elements or vibration dampers, preferably contain vulcanized rubber mixtures that are predominantly based on natural polyisoprene (NR) and/or synthetic polyisoprene (IR). Items with very good weather, mineral oil and heat resistance, such as air spring bellows, preferably contain vulcanized rubber mixtures that are predominantly based on chloroprene rubber (CR).
- a common method of improving the fire behavior of rubber mixtures is the direct mixing in of sometimes comparatively large amounts of fire-retardant substances.
- this measure usually leads to a deterioration in the physical properties, in particular, for example, the hardness, which is relevant for use in dynamic applications. In the affected articles, this is particularly evident from the fact that the springing, setting and vibration properties deteriorate significantly.
- the hardness of these mixtures is too high for use in dynamic applications.
- the disadvantage of a significantly higher Shore A hardness when using the natural mineral sepiolite in larger amounts, as described in patent WO2018/033267 A1, is particularly evident in rubber mixtures based on CR/NR.
- US2017/0267260 A1 describes a vibration-damping device whose elastomeric vibration-damping structure is at least partially covered by an external fire protection layer.
- the fire protection layer is made of chloroprene rubber and contains magnesium hydroxide (MDH) or aluminum trihydrate (ATH) as a flame retardant. The protection takes place in the uppermost outer layer.
- MDH magnesium hydroxide
- ATH aluminum trihydrate
- the object of the invention is now to provide an article which is characterized by optimized fire protection behavior in order to meet the more stringent requirements, in particular those described in EN-45545.
- at least the set of requirements R9 Hazard Level 2 described in the standard should be achieved.
- an improvement in the processing behavior visible through a lower viscosity and a simultaneous increase in scorch safety, and improved dynamic stability and media resistance, in particular to neutral liquids such as e.g. E.g. water, visible among other things in the swelling behavior.
- the article has a single-layer or multi-layer base body with elastic properties, at least one layer D of the base body being composed of a rubber mixture which contains at least one rubber component and a combination of hydromagnesite (Mg 5 (C0 3 ) 4 (0H) 2 « 4H 2 0) and huntite (Mg 3 Ca(C0 3 ) 4 ) as a flame retardant.
- hydromagnesite Mg 5 (C0 3 ) 4 (0H) 2 « 4H 2 0
- huntite Mg 3 Ca(C0 3 ) 4
- a lower total amount of flame retardants is reflected, among other things, in lower abrasion, improved tear propagation resistance, and an advantageous lower hardness. This also improves the elasticity of the mixture and thus the dynamic suitability.
- a lower layer thickness of the fire protection layer on the air spring bellows article is also advantageous for its dynamic suitability and durability.
- the amount of hydromagnesite and huntite combined is from 25 to 80 phr. Less than 25 phr will no longer provide adequate fire protection and more than 80 phr will result in lower dynamic performance due to the high hardness.
- hydromagnesite and huntite consists of 40 to 60% by weight hydromagnesite and 60 to 40% by weight huntite.
- the rubber mixture of layer D contains the combination of huntite and hydromagnesite as the only flame retardant.
- the amount of additional flame retardants is 0 phr.
- the rubber mixture of layer D also contains at least one further flame retardant.
- Stannates such as zinc stannate or zinc hydroxystannate, other hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, cyanurates such as melamine cyanurate, borates such as zinc borate or calcium borate, phosphorus-containing components such as resorcinol diphosphate, melamine phosphate or aromatic polyphosphates, nitrogen-containing components such as ammonium phosphate, intumescent mixtures, Carbonates, such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, or expandable graphite, antimony trioxide or aluminum trihydrate.
- hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide
- cyanurates such as melamine cyanurate
- borates such as zinc borate or calcium borate
- phosphorus-containing components such as resorcinol diphosphate, melamine phosphate or aromatic polyphosphates
- nitrogen-containing components such as ammonium phosphate, intumescent mixtures
- Carbonates such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate,
- the rubber mixture of layer D also contains at least zinc hydroxystannate or zinc stannate alone or in combination.
- Zinc hydroxystannate or zinc stannate are preferably used in a total amount of 6 to 20 phr, particularly preferably 7.5 to 12.5 phr, and show particularly good advantages in terms of smoke gas density and the resulting lower fire intensity.
- the rubber mixture of layer D also contains ATH or MDH or a combination of MDH and ATH.
- a total amount, based on the individual substance or the combination, of 1 to 10 phr, preferably 5 to 9 phr, has been shown to be preferable for improving the so-called MARHE value for the heat release rate.
- the heat release rate is determined via the oxygen consumption, which is continuously determined during a corresponding test.
- the heat release rate averaged over time (ARHE, Average Rate of Heat Emission) is calculated as an assessment parameter and the MARHE value (maximum value of ARHE based on the test duration) is generated from this.
- the rubber mixture of layer D contains at least one rubber component, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) and/or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM) and/or nitrile rubber (NBR) and / or carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and / or (partly) hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) and / or fluorine rubber (FKM) and / or chloroprene rubber (CR) and / or natural rubber (NR) and/ or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR ) and/or isoprene rubber (IR) and/or styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and/or carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and/or butyl rubber (IIR) and/or bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) and/or Chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) and/or bromin
- CR, BR, EPDM or NBR are particularly suitable, each alone or in combination, with the blend, also referred to as a blend, of CR and NBR being particularly advantageous.
- the pyrolysis temperatures of rubber should not be considered alone.
- Good compatibility of the rubbers with each other is also advantageous for fire protection. Better compatibility usually means improved fire protection behavior of the mixture.
- the significantly better compatibility of CR with NBR compared to CR with NR is particularly evident in the form of significantly smaller polymer domains in the CR/NBR blend, resulting in higher strength, greater elongation at break and a stronger polymer structure, among other things.
- a stronger polymer structure will remain stable for a longer period of time in the event of a fire.
- Higher strengths and larger elongations at break are usually better for dynamic efficiency.
- the CR rubber also has the advantage of its self-extinguishing properties.
- the base body can either be made up of only layer D or contain at least one additional layer.
- layer D preferably forms the outermost, i.e. outward-facing, layer of the article.
- the layer D it is also possible for the layer D to be embedded between further layers or to form the inner layer. In the latter case, layer D then replaces layer A below. If layer D is the outermost layer or if layer D is embedded between further layers, it is possible in a preferred embodiment that layer D does not completely encompass the base body but is only partially present, especially on the Places that are particularly exposed in terms of fire hazard.
- a further layer A can be present, which forms the so-called “inner cap” and is made up of an elastomer mixture and has particularly good elastic properties.
- the elastomer mixture is a vulcanizable, preferably thermoplastic-free, rubber mixture containing at least one rubber component and other mixture ingredients.
- ethylene-propylene rubber EPM
- ethylene-propylene-diene rubber EPDM
- nitrile rubber NBR
- carboxylated nitrile rubber XNBR
- FKM fluorine rubber
- chloroprene rubber CR
- natural rubber NR
- epoxidized natural rubber ENR
- isoprene rubber IR
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- XSBR carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber
- IIR IIR
- Bromobutyl Rubber BIIR
- Chlorobutyl Rubber CIIR
- Brominated Copolymer of Isobutylene and Paramethylstyrene BIMS
- Butadiene Rubber BR
- Chlorinated Polyethylene CM
- Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene CSM
- Alkylated Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene ACS
- the aforementioned types of rubber can be unblended. It is also possible to use a blend.
- the usual mixture ingredients include at least one crosslinker or a crosslinker system (crosslinking agent and accelerator). Additional mixture ingredients are usually at least one filler and/or at least one processing aid and/or at least one plasticizer, such as phosphoric acid ester plasticizer, and/or at least one anti-aging agent, and optionally other additives, such as color pigments, reinforcing fibers, etc.
- composition of the rubber mixture of layer A can be qualitatively and/or quantitatively the same as or different from the rubber mixture of layer D.
- the rubber mixture of layer A is qualitatively and quantitatively identical to the rubber mixture of layer D, i.e. it is also fire-retardant, then in the event of a fire the flammable gases and substances that form cannot escape to the outside or only with a delay and thus do not or only less than usual intensify an article fire .
- This is preferably a cord fabric made from one or more layers, preferably from two layers, which has good adhesion to the other layers that are in direct contact with it.
- the layer B all known synthetic and natural materials can be used alone or in combination, i.e. as a hybrid fabric.
- Synthetic materials are, in particular, synthetic polymers such as acrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyphenylene sulfide, polyoxadiazole, aramids such as p-aramid, m-aramid or co-poly para-aramid, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyphenylene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene ether, polybenzoxazole, polyvinyl alcohol.
- the natural materials can be rock wool or asbestos, or cotton, flax or hemp, or wool or silk.
- Inorganic materials such as glass, ceramic, carbon, metal such as steel, or rock such as basalt are also conceivable.
- It is preferably polyamide, in particular PA6.6, or polyester alone or in combination.
- the cord fabric can be rubberized or friction-coated on one or both sides.
- a composition which is quantitatively and/or qualitatively equal to the composition for layer A or quantitatively and/or qualitatively equal to the composition for layer D can preferably be used for the gumming. This simplifies the manufacturing process of the article and contributes to a dynamically suitable adhesion system.
- the article is preferably an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, a vibration damper or a bearing, for example a box bearing or a cone bearing, in particular a molded article for rubber-sprung rail vehicle wheels.
- composition E1 according to the invention for layer D offers significant advantages in terms of tear strength and tensile strength.
- the MARHE value of El meets the requirements of HL2, but is slightly worse than that of comparison mixture VI.
- the MARHE value describes the average maximum value of the heat release rate averaged over time in relation to the duration of the test.
- El completely compensates for this slight deterioration with the significantly better values compared to VI with regard to smoke development.
- the advantages of the mixture according to the invention for layer D are particularly striking.
Abstract
The invention relates to an article comprising a single or multi-layer main body having elastic properties, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper. The base body of the article consists of or contains at least one layer D for improving the fire-retardant properties, which is made of a rubber mixture which contains at least one rubber component and a combination of hydromagnesite (Mg5(CO3)4(OH)24H2O) and huntite (Mg3Ca(CO3)4) as flame-retardant.
Description
Beschreibung description
Artikel, insbesondere ein Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element oder ein Schwingungsdämpfer Article, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Artikel mit einem ein- oder mehrschichtigen Grundkörper mit elastischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere einen Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element oder einen Schwingungsdämpfer. The invention relates to an article with a single-layer or multi-layer base body with elastic properties, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper.
Artikel mit elastischen Eigenschaften, die zur Federung bspw. von Kraftfahrzeugen oder Schienenfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden und / oder der Schwingungsdämpfung dienen, werden unter Verwendung elastomerer Mischungen, auch als Kautschukmischungen bezeichnet, hergestellt. Diese, für die grundlegenden Eigenschaften solcher Artikel üblicherweise verwendeten elastomeren Mischungen sind hinreichend bekannt. Artikel mit herausragenden elastischen Eigenschaften, wie bspw. Metall-Gummi Elemente oder Schwingungsdämpfer, enthalten vorzugsweise vulkanisierte Kautschukmischungen, die überwiegend auf natürlichem Polyisopren (NR) und / oder synthetischen Polyisopren (IR) basieren. Artikel mit einer sehr guten Witterungs-, Mineralöl- und Wärmebeständigkeit, wie bspw. Luftfederbälge, enthalten vorzugsweise vulkanisierte Kautschukmischungen, die überwiegend auf Chloroprenkautschuk (CR) basieren. Articles with elastic properties, which are used for the suspension of motor vehicles or rail vehicles, for example, and/or serve to dampen vibrations, are manufactured using elastomeric mixtures, also referred to as rubber mixtures. These elastomeric compounds, which are commonly used for the basic properties of such articles, are well known. Articles with outstanding elastic properties, such as metal-rubber elements or vibration dampers, preferably contain vulcanized rubber mixtures that are predominantly based on natural polyisoprene (NR) and/or synthetic polyisoprene (IR). Items with very good weather, mineral oil and heat resistance, such as air spring bellows, preferably contain vulcanized rubber mixtures that are predominantly based on chloroprene rubber (CR).
Allerdings zeigen Artikel mit diesen elastomeren Mischungen deutliche Nachteile im Brandverhalten. Im Brandfall entstehen unter anderem dichte Rauchgase. Beim Verbrennungsprozess der genannten elastomeren Mischungen, die überwiegend auf NR und / oder IR basieren, ist die Wärmefreisetzungsrate besonders hoch. Beim Verbrennungsprozess der elastomeren Mischungen, die überwiegend auf CR basieren, ist das entstehende Rauchgas für Mensch und Tier toxisch. However, articles with these elastomeric mixtures show significant disadvantages in terms of fire behavior. In the event of a fire, dense smoke gases are produced. The heat release rate is particularly high during the combustion process of the aforementioned elastomeric mixtures, which are predominantly based on NR and/or IR. During the combustion process of the elastomeric mixtures, which are mainly based on CR, the resulting smoke is toxic to humans and animals.
Aufgrund der in den letzten Jahren gestiegenen Anforderungen hinsichtlich des Brandschutzes, welche sich vor allem in der verschärften Brandschutznorm EN45545 zeigt, ergibt sich ein erhöhter Bedarf an brandschutzoptimierten Polymerartikeln. Diesen Brandschutzanforderungen können sowohl die genannten elastomeren Mischungen, die überwiegend auf NR und / oder IR basieren, vor allem aufgrund der geforderten
maximalen Wärmefreisetzungsrate, als auch die flammwidrigen elastomeren Mischungen, die überwiegend auf CR basieren, insbesondere aufgrund der geforderten Rauchgastoxizität, nicht mehr gerecht werden. Somit erfüllen die Artikel, welche diese elastomeren Mischungen enthalten, die verschärften Anforderungen zumeist nicht mehr. Due to the increased requirements in terms of fire protection in recent years, which is reflected above all in the more stringent fire protection standard EN45545, there is an increased need for fire protection-optimized polymer articles. Both the elastomeric mixtures mentioned, which are predominantly based on NR and/or IR, can meet these fire protection requirements, primarily due to the required maximum heat release rate, as well as the flame-retardant elastomeric mixtures, which are mainly based on CR, no longer meet, in particular due to the required smoke gas toxicity. Thus, the items that contain these elastomeric mixtures usually no longer meet the more stringent requirements.
Eine übliche Methode das Brandverhalten von Kautschukmischungen zu verbessern, ist das direkte Einmischen von zum Teil vergleichsweise großen Mengen brandhemmender Substanzen. Allerdings führt diese Maßnahme bei den betroffenen Mischungen in der Regel dazu, dass sich die physikalischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere bspw. die Härte, die für den Einsatz in dynamischen Anwendungen relevant ist, verschlechtern. An den betroffenen Artikeln zeigt sich das insbesondere daran, dass sich die Federungs-, Setz- bzw. Schwingungseigenschaften signifikant verschlechtern. Erfahrungsgemäß ist in diesen Mischungen die Härte für den Einsatz in dynamischen Anwendungen zu hoch. Der Nachteil einer signifikant höheren Shore A Härte bei Verwendung des natürlichen Minerals Sepiolith in größeren Mengen, wie in Patent WO2018/033267 Al beschrieben, zeigt sich in Kautschukmischungen auf CR/NR Basis besonders deutlich. A common method of improving the fire behavior of rubber mixtures is the direct mixing in of sometimes comparatively large amounts of fire-retardant substances. However, in the case of the mixtures concerned, this measure usually leads to a deterioration in the physical properties, in particular, for example, the hardness, which is relevant for use in dynamic applications. In the affected articles, this is particularly evident from the fact that the springing, setting and vibration properties deteriorate significantly. Experience has shown that the hardness of these mixtures is too high for use in dynamic applications. The disadvantage of a significantly higher Shore A hardness when using the natural mineral sepiolite in larger amounts, as described in patent WO2018/033267 A1, is particularly evident in rubber mixtures based on CR/NR.
In US2017/0267260 Al wird eine schwingungsdämpfende Vorrichtung beschrieben, deren elastomere Schwingungsdämpfungsstruktur durch eine außenliegende Feuerschutzschicht mindestens teilweise abgedeckt wird. Die Feuerschutzschicht ist aus Chloroprenkautschuk aufgebaut und enthält Magnesiumhydroxid (MDH) oder Aluminiumtrihydrat (ATH) als Flammschutzmittel. Hierbei findet der Schutz in der obersten außenliegenden Schicht statt. Bei sehr intensiven Brandereignissen kommt es bei mehrschichtigen Grundkörpern für verschiedene Anwendungsgebiete zum Schmelzen innenliegender Festigkeitsträger, die sowohl eine starke Energiefreisetzung bei der Entzündung auslösen wie auch einen Funktionsverlust erleiden. US2017/0267260 A1 describes a vibration-damping device whose elastomeric vibration-damping structure is at least partially covered by an external fire protection layer. The fire protection layer is made of chloroprene rubber and contains magnesium hydroxide (MDH) or aluminum trihydrate (ATH) as a flame retardant. The protection takes place in the uppermost outer layer. In the case of very intense fire incidents, multi-layer base bodies for various areas of application melt internal strength carriers, which both trigger a strong release of energy during ignition and also suffer a loss of function.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht nun darin, einen Artikel bereitzustellen, der sich durch ein optimiertes Brandschutzverhalten auszeichnet, um die verschärften Anforderungen, insbesondere die in EN-45545 beschriebenen, zu erfüllen. Insbesondere soll wenigstens der in der Norm beschriebene Anforderungssatz R9 Hazard Level 2 erreicht werden.
Des Weiteren soll eine Verbesserung des Verarbeitungsverhaltens, sichtbar durch eine geringere Viskosität und gleichzeitiger Zunahme der Scorchsicherheit, und eine verbesserte dynamische Beständigkeit und Medienbeständigkeit, insbesondere gegenüber neutralen Flüssigkeiten, wie z. Bsp Wasser, sichtbar u.a. an dem Quellungsverhalten, erzielt werden. The object of the invention is now to provide an article which is characterized by optimized fire protection behavior in order to meet the more stringent requirements, in particular those described in EN-45545. In particular, at least the set of requirements R9 Hazard Level 2 described in the standard should be achieved. Furthermore, an improvement in the processing behavior, visible through a lower viscosity and a simultaneous increase in scorch safety, and improved dynamic stability and media resistance, in particular to neutral liquids such as e.g. E.g. water, visible among other things in the swelling behavior.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe dadurch, dass der Artikel einen ein- oder mehrschichtigen Grundkörper mit elastischen Eigenschaften besitzt, wobei wenigstens eine Schicht D des Grundkörpers aus einer Kautschukmischung aufgebaut ist, die wenigstens eine Kautschukkomponente und eine Kombination aus Hydromagnesit (Mg5(C03)4(0H)2 «4H20) und Huntit (Mg3Ca(C03)4) als Flammschutzmittel enthält. This object is achieved in that the article has a single-layer or multi-layer base body with elastic properties, at least one layer D of the base body being composed of a rubber mixture which contains at least one rubber component and a combination of hydromagnesite (Mg 5 (C0 3 ) 4 (0H) 2 « 4H 2 0) and huntite (Mg 3 Ca(C0 3 ) 4 ) as a flame retardant.
Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass die Kombination aus Hydromagnesit (Mg5(C03)4(0H)2 «4H20) und Huntit (Mg3Üa(C03)4) als Flammschutzmittel in einer Kautschukmischung für elastomere Artikel einen positiven Einfluss auf das Brandverhalten hat Surprisingly, it has been shown that the combination of hydromagnesite (Mg 5 (C0 3 ) 4 (0H) 2 « 4H 2 0) and huntite (Mg 3Ü a(C0 3 ) 4 ) as a flame retardant in a rubber mixture for elastomeric articles has a positive influence on the fire behavior
Hierdurch ist es sogar möglich, dass nicht nur der Anforderungssatz R9 Hazard Level 2, sondern sogar der Anforderungssatz R9 Hazard Level 3 erfüllt, mit einer geringeren Gesamtmenge an Flammschutzmitteln in der Mischung und / oder durch eine geringere Schichtdicke der Brandschutzmischung. As a result, it is even possible that not only the R9 Hazard Level 2 requirement set, but even the R9 Hazard Level 3 requirement set is met, with a lower total amount of flame retardants in the mixture and / or through a lower layer thickness of the fire protection mixture.
Eine geringere Gesamtmenge an Flammschutzmitteln zeigt sich unter anderem in einem geringeren Abrieb, einem verbesserten Weiterreißwiderstand, einer vorteilhaften niedrigeren Härte. Ebenfalls wird dadurch die Elastizität der Mischung und somit die dynamische Tauglichkeit verbessert. A lower total amount of flame retardants is reflected, among other things, in lower abrasion, improved tear propagation resistance, and an advantageous lower hardness. This also improves the elasticity of the mixture and thus the dynamic suitability.
Eine geringere Schichtdicke der Brandschutzschicht am Luftfederbalgartikel ist ebenfalls vorteilhaft für dessen dynamische Tauglichkeit und Haltbarkeit. A lower layer thickness of the fire protection layer on the air spring bellows article is also advantageous for its dynamic suitability and durability.
An dieser Stelle sei daraufhingewiesen, dass die Begriffe „Kautschuk“ und „Elastomer“ im Rahmen dieser Erfindung synonym verwendet werden. Gleiches gilt somit für die Begriffe „Kautschukmischung“ und „Elastomermischung“.
Erfmdungsgemäß wird eine Kombination aus Hydromagnesit (Mg (C( ,)4(C)H)2*4H2C)) und Huntit (Mg3Ca(C03)4) als Flammschutzmittel eingesetzt. At this point it should be pointed out that the terms “rubber” and “elastomer” are used synonymously in the context of this invention. The same applies to the terms "rubber compound" and "elastomer compound". According to the invention, a combination of hydromagnesite (Mg(C( , ) 4 (C)H) 2 * 4H 2 C)) and huntite (Mg 3 Ca(CO 3 ) 4 ) is used as a flame retardant.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt die Menge der Kombination aus Hydromagnesit und Huntit 25 bis 80 phr. Weniger als 25 phr ergeben keinen ausreichenden Brandschutz mehr und mehr als 80 phr führen aufgrund der großen Härte zu einer geringeren dynamischen Tüchtigkeit. In a preferred embodiment, the amount of hydromagnesite and huntite combined is from 25 to 80 phr. Less than 25 phr will no longer provide adequate fire protection and more than 80 phr will result in lower dynamic performance due to the high hardness.
Bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Kombination aus Hydromagnesit und Huntit zu 40 bis 60 Gew.-% aus Hydromagnesit und zu 60 bis 40 Gew.-% aus Huntit besteht. It is preferred if the combination of hydromagnesite and huntite consists of 40 to 60% by weight hydromagnesite and 60 to 40% by weight huntite.
Zur Erniedrigung der Komplexität im Herstellprozess des Artikels bzw. bei der Herstellung der Kautschukmischung für die Schicht D, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Kautschukmischung der Schicht D die Kombination von Huntit und Hydromagnesit als einziges Flammschutzmittel enthält. In diesem Fall beträgt die Menge an weiteren Flammschutzmitteln 0 phr. In order to reduce the complexity in the production process of the article or in the production of the rubber mixture for layer D, it is advantageous if the rubber mixture of layer D contains the combination of huntite and hydromagnesite as the only flame retardant. In this case, the amount of additional flame retardants is 0 phr.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform enthält die Kautschukmischung der Schicht D noch wenigstens ein weiteres Flammschutzmittel. In a preferred embodiment, the rubber mixture of layer D also contains at least one further flame retardant.
Es kommen hierbei insbesondere Stannate, wie Zinkstannat oder Zinkhydroxystannat, weitere Hydroxide, wie Magnesiumhydroxid oder Calciumhydroxid, Cyanurate, wie Melamincyanurat, Borate, wie Zinkborat oder Calciumborat, phosphorhaltige Komponenten, wie Resorcinoldiphosphat, Melaminphosphat oder aromatische Polyphosphate, stickstoffhaltige Komponenten, wie Ammoniumphosphat, Intumeszenzgemische, Carbonate, wie Calciumcarbonat oder Magnesiumcarbonat, oder Blähgraphit, Antimontrioxid oder Aluminiumtrihydrat in Frage. Stannates such as zinc stannate or zinc hydroxystannate, other hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, cyanurates such as melamine cyanurate, borates such as zinc borate or calcium borate, phosphorus-containing components such as resorcinol diphosphate, melamine phosphate or aromatic polyphosphates, nitrogen-containing components such as ammonium phosphate, intumescent mixtures, Carbonates, such as calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, or expandable graphite, antimony trioxide or aluminum trihydrate.
Besonders vorteilhaft hat sich allerdings gezeigt, wenn die Kautschukmischung der Schicht D noch wenigstens Zinkhydroxystannat oder Zinkstannat alleine oder in Kombination enthält. Zinkhydroxystannat oder Zinkstannat werden bevorzugt in einer Gesamtmenge von 6 bis 20 phr, besonders bevorzugt 7,5 bis 12,5 phr verwendet und zeigen besonders gute Vorteile hinsichtlich der Rauchgasdichte und der sich daraus ergebenen geringeren Brandintensität.
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Kautschukmischung der Schicht D noch ATH oder MDH oder eine Kombination aus MDH und ATH enthält. Hier hat sich jeweils eine Gesamtmenge, bezogen auf die einzelne Substanz oder die Kombination, von 1 bis 10 phr, bevorzugt von 5 bis 9 phr, zur Verbesserung des so genannten MARHE-Wertes für die Wärmefreisetzungsrate als bevorzugt gezeigt. However, it has been shown to be particularly advantageous if the rubber mixture of layer D also contains at least zinc hydroxystannate or zinc stannate alone or in combination. Zinc hydroxystannate or zinc stannate are preferably used in a total amount of 6 to 20 phr, particularly preferably 7.5 to 12.5 phr, and show particularly good advantages in terms of smoke gas density and the resulting lower fire intensity. It is also advantageous if the rubber mixture of layer D also contains ATH or MDH or a combination of MDH and ATH. Here, a total amount, based on the individual substance or the combination, of 1 to 10 phr, preferably 5 to 9 phr, has been shown to be preferable for improving the so-called MARHE value for the heat release rate.
Die Wärmefreisetzungsrate wird dabei über den Sauerstoffverbrauch bestimmt, der während einer entsprechenden Prüfung kontinuierlich ermittelt wird. Als Beurteilungsparameter wird die über die Zeit gemittelte Wärmefreisetzungsrate (ARHE, Average Rate of Heat Emission) berechnet und hieraus der MARHE-Wert (Maximalwert von ARHE bezogen auf die Versuchsdauer) erzeugt. The heat release rate is determined via the oxygen consumption, which is continuously determined during a corresponding test. The heat release rate averaged over time (ARHE, Average Rate of Heat Emission) is calculated as an assessment parameter and the MARHE value (maximum value of ARHE based on the test duration) is generated from this.
Die Kautschukmischung der Schicht D enthält wenigstens eine Kautschukkomponente, die bevorzugt ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Ethylen-Propyl en- Mischpolymerisat (EPM) und / oder Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Mischpolymerisat (EPDM) und / oder Nitrilkautschuk (NBR) und / oder caboxylierter Nitrilkautschuk (XNBR) und / oder (teil)hydrierter Nitrilkautschuk (HNBR) und / oder Fluor-Kautschuk (FKM) und / oder Chloropren-Kautschuk (CR) und / oder Naturkautschuk (NR) und/ oder epoxidierter Naturkautschuk (ENR) und / oder Isopren-Kautschuk (IR) und / oder Styrol-Butadien- Kautschuk (SBR) und/oder caboxylierter Styrol-Butandien-Kautschuk (XSBR) und / oder Butylkautschuk (IIR) und / oder Brombutylkautschuk (BIIR) und / oder Chlorbutylkautschuk (CIIR) und / oder bromiertes Copolymer aus Isobutylen und Paramethyl styrol (BIMS) und / oder Butadien-Kautschuk (BR) und / oder Chloriertes Polyethylen (CM) und / oder Chlorsulfoniertes Polyethylen (CSM) und / oder alkyliertes chlorsulfoniertes Polyethylen (ACSM) und / oder Polyepichlorhydrin-kautschuke (CO ; ECO ; ETER) und / oder Acrylat-Kautschuk (ACM) und / oder Ethylen-Acrylat-Kautschuk (AEM) und / oder Silikonkautschuk (MQ, VMQ, PVMQ, FVMQ) und / oder fluorierter Methyl Silikonkautschuk (MFQ) und / oder perfluorierter Propylen-Kautschuk (FFPM) und/ oder Perfluorcarbon-Kautschuk (FFKM) und / oder Polyurethan (PU). The rubber mixture of layer D contains at least one rubber component, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) and/or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM) and/or nitrile rubber (NBR) and / or carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and / or (partly) hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR) and / or fluorine rubber (FKM) and / or chloroprene rubber (CR) and / or natural rubber (NR) and/ or epoxidized natural rubber (ENR ) and/or isoprene rubber (IR) and/or styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and/or carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) and/or butyl rubber (IIR) and/or bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) and/or Chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) and/or brominated copolymer of isobutylene and paramethyl styrene (BIMS) and/or butadiene rubber (BR) and/or chlorinated polyethylene (CM) and/or chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) and/or alkylated chlorosulfonated pole ethylene (ACSM) and/or polyepichlorohydrin rubber (CO ; ECO ; ETER) and/or acrylate rubber (ACM) and/or ethylene acrylate rubber (AEM) and/or silicone rubber (MQ, VMQ, PVMQ, FVMQ) and/or fluorinated methyl silicone rubber (MFQ) and/or perfluorinated propylene Rubber (FFPM) and/or perfluorocarbon rubber (FFKM) and/or polyurethane (PU).
Die genannten Kautschuke können alleine oder im Verschnitt eingesetzt werden.
Besonders gut geeignet sind CR, BR, EPDM oder NBR jeweils alleine oder in Kombination, wobei der Verschnitt, auch als Blend bezeichnet, aus CR und NBR besonders vorteilhaft ist. The rubbers mentioned can be used alone or in a blend. CR, BR, EPDM or NBR are particularly suitable, each alone or in combination, with the blend, also referred to as a blend, of CR and NBR being particularly advantageous.
Diese Kautschuke zeigen höhere Pyrolysetemperaturen im Temperaturbereich von etwa 430°C, bei dem die CO2 Abspaltung der Kombination aus Hydromagnesit und Huntit beginnt. Die sich bei der Pyrolyse bildenden brennbaren Gasen, die sich ggf. auch schon entzündet haben können, werden durch das entstehende inerte CO2 verdünnt bis zur Flammverlöschung. Da das inerte C02 über einen breiten Temperaturbereich unmittelbar zur Verfügung steht, kann die Flamme an Ihrer Entzündung bzw. erneuten Entzündung eine lange Zeit gehindert werden. Diese Eigenschaft verbessert den Brandschutz signifikant. These rubbers show higher pyrolysis temperatures in the temperature range of about 430°C, at which the CO2 elimination of the combination of hydromagnesite and huntite begins. The combustible gases formed during pyrolysis, which may have already ignited, are diluted by the resulting inert CO2 until the flame is extinguished. Since the inert CO2 is immediately available over a wide temperature range, the flame can be prevented from igniting or re-igniting for a long time. This property significantly improves fire protection.
Die Pyrolysetemperaturen der Kautschuke sind aber nicht allein zu betrachten. Eine gute Verträglichkeit der Kautschuke untereinander ist für den Brandschutz ebenfalls vorteilhaft. Eine bessere Verträglichkeit bedeutet in der Regel ein verbessertes Brandschutzverhalten der Mischung. However, the pyrolysis temperatures of rubber should not be considered alone. Good compatibility of the rubbers with each other is also advantageous for fire protection. Better compatibility usually means improved fire protection behavior of the mixture.
Die deutlich bessere Verträglichkeit von CR mit NBR im Vergleich zu CR mit NR zeigt sich insbesondere in Form von deutlich kleineren Polymerdomänen im CR/NBR Blend, u.a. mit dem Ergebnis einer höheren Festigkeit, größeren Bruchdehnung und stärkeren Polymerstruktur. Eine stärkere Polymerstruktur bleibt im Brandfall eine längere Zeitdauer stabil. Höhere Festigkeiten und größere Bruchdehnungen sind in der Regel besser für die dynamische Tüchtigkeit. Der CR-Kautschuk hat ergänzend noch den Vorteil seiner selbstverlöschenden Eigenschaften. The significantly better compatibility of CR with NBR compared to CR with NR is particularly evident in the form of significantly smaller polymer domains in the CR/NBR blend, resulting in higher strength, greater elongation at break and a stronger polymer structure, among other things. A stronger polymer structure will remain stable for a longer period of time in the event of a fire. Higher strengths and larger elongations at break are usually better for dynamic efficiency. The CR rubber also has the advantage of its self-extinguishing properties.
Der Grundkörper kann entweder nur aus der Schicht D aufgebaut sein oder aber wenigstens eine weitere Schicht enthalten. The base body can either be made up of only layer D or contain at least one additional layer.
Sind weitere Schichten vorhanden, so bildet die Schicht D bevorzugt die äußerste, d.h. nach außen weisende, Schicht des Artikels. If further layers are present, layer D preferably forms the outermost, i.e. outward-facing, layer of the article.
Möglich ist aber auch, dass die Schicht D zwischen weiteren Schichten eingebettet ist oder die Innenschicht bildet. Im letzteren Fall ersetzt die Schicht D dann die unten aufgeführte Schicht A.
Handelt es sich bei der Schicht D um die äußerste Schicht oder ist die Schicht D zwischen weiteren Schichten eingebettet, so ist es in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform möglich, dass die Schicht D den Grundkörper nicht vollständig umfasst, sondern lediglich teilweise vorhanden ist, vor allem an den Stellen, die hinsichtlich der Brandgefahr besonders exponiert sind. However, it is also possible for the layer D to be embedded between further layers or to form the inner layer. In the latter case, layer D then replaces layer A below. If layer D is the outermost layer or if layer D is embedded between further layers, it is possible in a preferred embodiment that layer D does not completely encompass the base body but is only partially present, especially on the Places that are particularly exposed in terms of fire hazard.
So kann zum Beispiel eine weitere Schicht A vorhanden sein, welche die so genannte „Innenkappe“ bildet und die aus einer Elastomermischung aufgebaut ist und besonders gute elastische Eigenschaften besitzt. Die Elastomermischung ist eine vulkanisierbare, bevorzugt thermoplastfreie, Kautschukmischung, enthaltend wenigstens eine Kautschukkomponente sowie weitere Mischungsingredienzien. Als Kautschukkomponenten sind insbesondere zu nennen: Ethylen-Propylen-Kautschuk (EPM), Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Kautschuk (EPDM), Nitrilkautschuk (NBR), caboxylierter Nitrilkautschuk (XNBR), (teil)hydrierter Nitrilkautschuk (HNBR), Fluor-Kautschuk (FKM), Chloropren-Kautschuk (CR), Naturkautschuk (NR), epoxidierter Naturkautschuk (ENR), Isopren-Kautschuk (IR), Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR), caboxylierter Styrol- Butandien-Kautschuk (XSBR), Butylkautschuk (IIR), Brombutylkautschuk (BIIR), Chlorbutylkautschuk (CIIR), Bromiertes Copolymer aus Isobutylen und Paramethylstyrol (BIMS), Butadien-Kautschuk (BR), Chloriertes Polyethylen (CM), Chlorsulfoniertes Polyethylen (CSM), Alkyliertes Chlorsulfoniertes Polyethylen (ACSM), Polyepichlorhydrinkautschuke (CO; ECO; ETER), Ethylen- Vinylacetat-Kautschuk (EVA), Acrylat-Kautschuk (ACM), Ethylen-Acrylat-Kautschuk (AEM), Silikonkautschuk (MQ, VMQ, PVMQ, FVMQ), Fluorierter Methyl Silikonkautschuk (MFQ), Perfluorierter Propylen-Kautschuk (FFPM), Perfluorcarbon-Kautschuk (FFKM), Polyurethan (PU).For example, a further layer A can be present, which forms the so-called “inner cap” and is made up of an elastomer mixture and has particularly good elastic properties. The elastomer mixture is a vulcanizable, preferably thermoplastic-free, rubber mixture containing at least one rubber component and other mixture ingredients. The following rubber components should be mentioned in particular: ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), (partially) hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), fluorine rubber (FKM), chloroprene rubber (CR), natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), isoprene rubber (IR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR), butyl rubber ( IIR), Bromobutyl Rubber (BIIR), Chlorobutyl Rubber (CIIR), Brominated Copolymer of Isobutylene and Paramethylstyrene (BIMS), Butadiene Rubber (BR), Chlorinated Polyethylene (CM), Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM), Alkylated Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (ACSM), Polyepichlorohydrin Rubbers (CO; ECO; ETER), ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (EVA), acrylate rubber (ACM), ethylene acrylate rubber (AEM), silicone rubber (MQ, VMQ, PVMQ, FVMQ), fluorinated methyl silicone rubber (MFQ) , Perfluorinated Propylene Rubber (FFPM), Perflu orcarbon rubber (FFKM), polyurethane (PU).
Die vorgenannten Kautschuktypen können unverschnitten sein. Auch der Einsatz eines Verschnittes ist möglich. The aforementioned types of rubber can be unblended. It is also possible to use a blend.
Welcher Kautschuktyp bevorzugt wird, hängt von der Artikelart und der Anforderung an den einzelnen Artikel ab. Die üblichen Mischungsingredienzien umfassen wenigstens einen Vernetzer oder ein Vemetzersystem (Vemetzungsmittel und Beschleuniger). Zusätzliche Mischungsingredienzien sind zumeist wenigstens noch ein Füllstoff und/oder
wenigstens ein Verarbeitungshilfsmittel und/oder wenigstens einen Weichmacher, wie bspw. Phosphorsäureesterweichmacher, und/oder wenigstens ein Alterungsschutzmittel, sowie gegebenenfalls weitere Zusatzstoffe, wie z.B. Farbpigmente, Verstärkungsfasem, etc. Which type of rubber is preferred depends on the type of article and the requirements of the individual article. The usual mixture ingredients include at least one crosslinker or a crosslinker system (crosslinking agent and accelerator). Additional mixture ingredients are usually at least one filler and/or at least one processing aid and/or at least one plasticizer, such as phosphoric acid ester plasticizer, and/or at least one anti-aging agent, and optionally other additives, such as color pigments, reinforcing fibers, etc.
Diesbezüglich wird auf den allgemeinen Stand der Kautschukmischungstechnologie verwiesen. In this regard, reference is made to the general state of rubber compound technology.
Die Zusammensetzung der Kautschukmischung der Schicht A kann qualitativ und / oder quantitativ gleich oder verschieden der Kautschukmischung der Schicht D sein. The composition of the rubber mixture of layer A can be qualitatively and/or quantitatively the same as or different from the rubber mixture of layer D.
Ist die Kautschukmischung der Schicht A qualitativ und quantitativ identisch zur Kautschukmischung der Schicht D, d.h. ebenso brandhemmend ausgestattet, so können im Brandfall die sich bildenden brandfördemden Gase und Substanzen nicht oder nur verzögernd nach Außen treten und einen Artikelbrand somit nicht oder nur weniger als üblich verstärken. Ebenso werden etwaige vorhandene und teilweise schnell schmelzende Festigkeitsträgerschichten, siehe Schicht B, hierdurch besser geschützt oder treten nicht nach außen. If the rubber mixture of layer A is qualitatively and quantitatively identical to the rubber mixture of layer D, i.e. it is also fire-retardant, then in the event of a fire the flammable gases and substances that form cannot escape to the outside or only with a delay and thus do not or only less than usual intensify an article fire . Likewise, any strength carrier layers that are present and in some cases melt quickly, see layer B, are better protected as a result or do not protrude to the outside.
Des Weiteren kann in einer besonderen Ausführungsform wenigstens eine Schicht B vorhanden sein, die aus wenigstens einem Festigkeitsträger gebildet wird. Bevorzugt handelt es sich hierbei um ein Cordgewebe aus einer oder mehreren Lagen, bevorzugt aus zwei Lagen, welches eine gute Haftung zu den damit in direktem Kontakt stehenden weiteren Schichten aufweist. Furthermore, in a special embodiment, there can be at least one layer B, which is formed from at least one reinforcement. This is preferably a cord fabric made from one or more layers, preferably from two layers, which has good adhesion to the other layers that are in direct contact with it.
Als Materialien für die Schicht B können alle bekannten synthetischen und natürlichen Materialien allein oder in Kombination, d.h. als Hybridgewebe, verwendet werden. As materials for the layer B, all known synthetic and natural materials can be used alone or in combination, i.e. as a hybrid fabric.
Als synthetische Materialien kommen insbesondere synthetische Polymere, wie bspw. Acrylnitril, Polyacrylnitril, Polypropylen, Polyester, Polyamid, Polyurethan, Polyphenylensulfid, Polyoxadiazol, Aramide, wie p-Aramid, m-Aramid oder co-poly para Aramid, Polyimid, Polyetherimid, Polyetheretherketon, Polyethylen-2,6-naphthalat, Polyphenylen, Polyphenylenoxid, Polyphenylensulfid, Polyphenylenether, Polybenzoxazole, Polyvinylalkohol in Frage.
Bei den natürlichen Materialien kann es sich um Steinwolle oder Asbest oder um Baumwolle, Flachs oder Hanf, oder um Wolle oder Seide, handeln. Synthetic materials are, in particular, synthetic polymers such as acrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polyphenylene sulfide, polyoxadiazole, aramids such as p-aramid, m-aramid or co-poly para-aramid, polyimide, polyetherimide, polyetheretherketone, Polyethylene-2,6-naphthalate, polyphenylene, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene ether, polybenzoxazole, polyvinyl alcohol. The natural materials can be rock wool or asbestos, or cotton, flax or hemp, or wool or silk.
Anorganische Materialien wie Glas, Keramik, Kohlenstoff (Carbon), Metall, wie bspw. Stahl, oder Gestein, wie bspw. Basalt, sind ebenso denkbar. Inorganic materials such as glass, ceramic, carbon, metal such as steel, or rock such as basalt are also conceivable.
Vorzugsweise handelt es sich um Polyamid, insbesondere PA6.6, oder Polyester allein oder in Kombination. It is preferably polyamide, in particular PA6.6, or polyester alone or in combination.
Zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden Konfektionsklebrigkeit für den Herstellprozesses des Artikels kann das Cordgewebe einseitig oder beidseitig gummiert bzw. friktioniert sein. Zur Gummierung kann bevorzugt entweder eine Zusammensetzung verwendet werden, die quantitativ und / oder qualitativ gleich der Zusammensetzung für die Schicht A oder quantitativ und / oder qualitativ gleich der Zusammensetzung für die Schicht D ist. Dies vereinfacht den Herstellprozess des Artikels und trägt zu einem dynamisch tauglichen Haftungsverbund mit bei. In order to achieve sufficient ready-to-wear tack for the manufacturing process of the article, the cord fabric can be rubberized or friction-coated on one or both sides. A composition which is quantitatively and/or qualitatively equal to the composition for layer A or quantitatively and/or qualitatively equal to the composition for layer D can preferably be used for the gumming. This simplifies the manufacturing process of the article and contributes to a dynamically suitable adhesion system.
Der Artikel ist bevorzugt ein Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element, ein Schwingungsdämpfer oder ein Lager, bspw. Kastenlager oder ein Konuslager, insbesondere ein Formartikel für gummigefederte Schienenfahrzeugräder. The article is preferably an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, a vibration damper or a bearing, for example a box bearing or a cone bearing, in particular a molded article for rubber-sprung rail vehicle wheels.
Die Erfindung soll nun anhand von Vergleichs- und Ausführungsbeispielen, die in der Tabelle 1 zusammengefasst sind, näher erläutert werden. Die mit „E“ gekennzeichneten Mischungen sind hierbei erfindungsgemäße Mischungen für die Schicht D, während es sich bei den mit „V“ gekennzeichneten Mischungen um Vergleichsmischungen handelt. Bei sämtlichen in der Tabelle enthaltenen Mischungsbeispielen sind die angegebenen Mengenangaben Gewichtsteile, die auf 100 Gewichtsteile Gesamtkautschuk bezogen sind (phr).
The invention will now be explained in more detail using comparative examples and exemplary embodiments summarized in Table 1. The mixtures marked with “E” are mixtures according to the invention for layer D, while the mixtures marked with “V” are comparative mixtures. For all the mixture examples contained in the table, the quantities given are parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of total rubber (phr).
Anhand Tabelle 1 wird ersichtlich, dass die erfindungsgemäße Zusammensetzung El für die Schicht D deutliche Vorteile hinsichtlich der Reiß- und Zugfestigkeiten bietet. Der MARHE-Wert von El erfüllt die Anforderungen des HL2, ist aber etwas schlechter als der der Vergleichsmischung VI. Der MARHE- Wert beschreibt den mittleren Maximalwert der über die Zeit gemittelten Wärmefreisetzungsrate bezogen auf die Versuchsdauer. Diese geringfügige Verschlechterung kompensiert El allerdings vollständig durch die deutlich besseren Werte im Vergleich zu VI hinsichtlich der Rauchentwicklung. Im Brandfall besteht eine Gefährdung für Lebewesen im Wesentlichen durch das entstehende und häufig toxische Rauchgas und weniger durch die Wärmefreisetzungsrate. Hinsichtlich der Rauchentwicklung zeigen sich die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Mischung für die Schicht D besonders markant.
Table 1 shows that composition E1 according to the invention for layer D offers significant advantages in terms of tear strength and tensile strength. The MARHE value of El meets the requirements of HL2, but is slightly worse than that of comparison mixture VI. The MARHE value describes the average maximum value of the heat release rate averaged over time in relation to the duration of the test. However, El completely compensates for this slight deterioration with the significantly better values compared to VI with regard to smoke development. In the event of a fire, living beings are endangered essentially by the resulting and often toxic smoke gas and less by the rate of heat release. With regard to smoke development, the advantages of the mixture according to the invention for layer D are particularly striking.
Claims
1. Artikel mit einem ein- oder mehrschichtigen Grundkörper mit elastischen Eigenschaften, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine Schicht D des Grundkörpers aus einer Kautschukmischung aufgebaut ist, die wenigstens eine Kautschukkomponente und eine Kombination aus Hydromagnesit (Mg5(C03)4(0H)2 «4H20) und Huntit (Mg3Ca(C03)4) als Flammschutzmittel enthält. 1. Article with a single-layer or multi-layer base body with elastic properties, characterized in that at least one layer D of the base body is made up of a rubber mixture which contains at least one rubber component and a combination of hydromagnesite (Mg 5 (C0 3 ) 4 (0H) 2 « 4H 2 0) and huntite (Mg 3 Ca(C0 3 ) 4 ) as a flame retardant.
2. Artikel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Menge an Flammschutzmittel 25 bis 80 phr beträgt. 2. Article according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of flame retardant is 25 to 80 phr.
3. Artikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kautschukmischung der Schicht D noch zusätzlich Zinkhydroxystannat oder Zinkstannat oder eine Kombination aus Zinkhydroxystannat und Zinkstannat enthält. 3. Article according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the rubber mixture of layer D additionally contains zinc hydroxystannate or zinc stannate or a combination of zinc hydroxystannate and zinc stannate.
4. Artikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kautschukmischung der Schicht D noch zusätzlich Aluminiumtrihydrat oder Magnesiumhydroxid oder eine Kombination aus Aluminiumtrihydrat und Magnesiumhydroxid enthält. 4. Article according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the rubber mixture of layer D additionally contains aluminum trihydrate or magnesium hydroxide or a combination of aluminum trihydrate and magnesium hydroxide.
5. Artikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schicht D als Kautschukkomponente einen Verschnitt aus CR und NBR (CR/NBR) enthält. 5. Article according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that layer D contains a blend of CR and NBR (CR/NBR) as the rubber component.
6. Artikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine weitere Schicht B vorhanden ist, die aus wenigstens einem Festigkeitsträger gebildet wird. 6. Article according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one further layer B is present, which is formed from at least one reinforcement.
7. Artikel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich um einen Luftfederbalg, ein Metall-Gummi-Element, einen Schwingungsdämpfer, ein Dämpfungselement eines Lagers, einer Buchse oder einer Schichtfeder oder Konusfeder handelt.
7. Article according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it is an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, a vibration damper, a damping element of a bearing, a bush or a layered spring or conical spring.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102021203369 | 2021-04-01 | ||
DE102022202035.9A DE102022202035A1 (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-02-28 | Article, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper |
PCT/DE2022/200030 WO2022207041A1 (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-03-01 | Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4314138A1 true EP4314138A1 (en) | 2024-02-07 |
Family
ID=80819586
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22711477.4A Pending EP4314138A1 (en) | 2021-04-01 | 2022-03-01 | Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4314138A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022207041A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3049029B1 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2018-03-09 | Hutchinson | ANTIVIBRATION DEVICE FOR FIRE INTENDED FOR RAILWAY APPLICATION |
DE102016215333A1 (en) | 2016-08-17 | 2018-02-22 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Articles, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper |
DK3388477T3 (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2020-01-13 | Armacell Entpr Gmbh & Co Kg | Expansion system for flexible insulation foam materials |
DE102017223541A1 (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2019-06-27 | Contitech Luftfedersysteme Gmbh | Articles, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper |
US11118035B2 (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2021-09-14 | Armacell Enterprise Gmbh & Co. Kg | Highly fire-resistant expanded polymeric material |
-
2022
- 2022-03-01 WO PCT/DE2022/200030 patent/WO2022207041A1/en active Application Filing
- 2022-03-01 EP EP22711477.4A patent/EP4314138A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2022207041A1 (en) | 2022-10-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3728434B1 (en) | Article, in particular air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
EP3198168B1 (en) | Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
EP3728454B1 (en) | Article, in particular air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
EP3728455B1 (en) | Article, in particular air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
EP3500770B1 (en) | Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
EP3350470A1 (en) | Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
WO2017045785A1 (en) | Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
EP4314138A1 (en) | Article, particularly an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper | |
WO2018046150A1 (en) | Article, in particular a metal-rubber element for rail vehicles | |
DE102022202035A1 (en) | Article, in particular an air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element or a vibration damper | |
EP4313581A1 (en) | Article, in particular for an air spring bellows | |
EP3500771B1 (en) | Rubber mixture and elastomeric article having flame-retardant properties | |
DE102018215759A1 (en) | Rubber compound and elastomeric article with flame retardant properties | |
US20210171745A1 (en) | Article, in particular air spring bellows, a metal-rubber element, or a vibration damper | |
WO2018033265A1 (en) | Article, in particular a metal-rubber element for rail vehicles |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20231102 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |