EP4313548A1 - Procédé pour évacuer un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d - Google Patents

Procédé pour évacuer un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d

Info

Publication number
EP4313548A1
EP4313548A1 EP22718048.6A EP22718048A EP4313548A1 EP 4313548 A1 EP4313548 A1 EP 4313548A1 EP 22718048 A EP22718048 A EP 22718048A EP 4313548 A1 EP4313548 A1 EP 4313548A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building material
particulate
curtain
discharged
accumulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22718048.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Janosch MÜNZER
Frank Wedemeyer
Rudolf Wintgens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laempe Mossner Sinto GmbH
Original Assignee
Laempe Mossner Sinto GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Laempe Mossner Sinto GmbH filed Critical Laempe Mossner Sinto GmbH
Publication of EP4313548A1 publication Critical patent/EP4313548A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/37—Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/52—Hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/214—Doctor blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/329—Feeding using hoppers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for discharging particulate construction material in a 3D printer, in which particulate construction material is discharged from a carrier in the form of a construction material curtain onto a construction site.
  • a so-called application of the particulate building material to a building site is understood to mean both the discharge of the particulate building material onto the surface of the building site and the smoothing of the discharged particulate building material on the building site.
  • the present invention influences in particular the discharge of the particulate building material onto the building site.
  • the uniform discharge of the particulate building material on a construction site in a 3D printer is to be monitored and irregularities in the discharge of the particulate building material discharged from an applicator are to be detected. In the event that such irregularities are detected, they are automatically reduced or eliminated using suitable measures. For this purpose, corresponding parameters for the discharge of the particulate building material are influenced.
  • the structure is computer-controlled from one or more liquid or solid materials according to specified dimensions and shapes.
  • Specifications for the components or workpieces to be printed can be provided, for example, by so-called computer-aided design systems (CAD).
  • CAD computer-aided design systems
  • a particulate building material which is also referred to as molding material.
  • Building materials or molding materials such as plastics, synthetic resins, ceramics, minerals, sand and metals are used as materials for such 3D printing processes.
  • particulate building material also referred to as particulate material or powdered building material
  • construction site in order to form a layer of non-solidified particulate material, with the partial or full-surface application of particulate building material removing and smoothing the particulate building materials
  • DE 10117875 C1 discloses a method and a device for applying fluids and their use.
  • the method of applying fluids relates in particular to particulate material being applied to an area to be coated, in front of a blade, viewed in the direction of advancement of the blade, the fluid is applied to the area to be coated and thereafter the blade over the applied fluid will proceed.
  • the object is to provide a device, a method and a use of the device with which a distribution of fluid material that is as even as possible can be achieved on an area to be coated.
  • the solution is that the blade oscillates in the manner of a rotary movement.
  • the fluid applied to the area to be coated is fluidized by the oscillating rotary movement of the blade.
  • the constant movement of the blade which oscillates in the manner of a rotary motion, homogenizes the excess fluid, seen in the direction of forward movement of the blade, in front of the blade in a fluid/particulate roller formed by the forward movement of the blade.
  • any cavities between individual particle clumps can be filled and larger clumps of particle material are broken up by the roller movement.
  • a disadvantage of this known prior art is that when the particulate building material is discharged onto a building site, the quantity of the particulate building material required to form a layer is insufficiently regulated. This leads to different amounts of the particulate building material in front of a means for smoothing the particulate building material and thus, for example, to different pressure conditions on the layers located below the layer currently to be applied. This leads to disruption in the even structure of the layers and to a deterioration in the quality of the 3D structure to be created.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for discharging particle-shaped building material in a 3D printer, with which the particle-shaped building material is discharged more evenly.
  • the method is intended to improve both uniformity with respect to the height of the discharged layer of particulate building material and the uniformity of density within the layer of discharged particulate building material. In this way, after the discharged particulate building material has been smoothed, a better quality of the applied layer of the particulate building material is achieved.
  • the object is achieved by a method with the features according to patent claim 1 of the independent patent claims. Further developments are specified in the dependent patent claims.
  • the particulate building material is optically monitored during a work step of removing the particulate building material by means of an applicator.
  • This optical monitoring preferably takes place in an area between the applicator and the construction site, in which a so-called building material curtain is formed by the particle-shaped building material from the applicator.
  • This curtain of building material consisting of particulate building material, which moves from the applicator to the construction site due to gravity or which falls, has a width that depends on the applicator.
  • the Baumateri alvorhang the width of the entire usable construction field.
  • a contractor has only part of the width of the construction field.
  • the construction material curtain also has only part of the width of the construction field.
  • This curtain of building materials also has a thickness that also depends on the client. Furthermore, the curtain of construction material has a height which can correspond to the shortest distance between the applicator and the surface of the construction material. Since the applicator moves over the surface of the construction area when discharging the particulate construction material, it is possible that the construction material curtain is not perpendicular to the surface of the construction area, but has a deviating angle from the perpendicular to the construction area. In this case, the height of the building material curtain is greater than the shortest distance between the applicator and the surface of the building site.
  • the discharged particulate building material is smoothed by means of a means for smoothing the particulate building material, creating a uniform strength or thickness of the particulate building material in the layer currently to be applied on the surface of the construction field.
  • Such a means for smoothing the particulate building material can be, for example, a scraper blade, a vibrating blade, a knife, a squeegee or comparable means of a 3D printer, by means of which the discharged particulate building material is smoothed.
  • the means described above move at a constant distance from the construction field and horizontally over the construction field.
  • the contractor is also moved at a constant distance from the construction site and horizontally across the construction site.
  • the applicator is arranged at a constant distance from the smoothing agent. net, which does not change when moving together across the construction area.
  • the height or layer thickness of the particulate building material applied can have a value which is between 0.5 times and 6 times the mean particle diameter of the particulate building material. In order to achieve a height or layer thickness of 0.5 times the average particle diameter of the particulate building material, the particulate building material must be discharged onto the construction site and compacted.
  • the mean particle diameter of the particulate building material is, for example, at a value of about 0.14 mm.
  • Particulate building material is generally understood to be a collection of individual parts of a substance or a mixture of substances, with each particle having a three-dimensional extension. Since these particles can predominantly be understood as round, oval or also elongated particles, it is possible to specify an average diameter for such a particle, which is usually in the range between 0.1 mm and 0.4 mm. Such a particulate building material has fluid properties.
  • the particulate building material to be discharged by the contractor forms what is known as the building material curtain between the contractor and the surface of the construction site.
  • the width of the building material curtain usually corresponds to the width of the exit opening or the gap on the applicator.
  • the thickness of the curtain of build material is affected by the amount of particulate build material to be applied by the applicator per unit time. If the amount of particulate building material to be discharged by the applicator per unit time increases, the thickness of the building material curtain also increases and vice versa.
  • the curtain of construction material forms a geometric shape at a so-called point of impact, which is usually triangular when viewed from the side, with one side of this triangle being horizontal, i.e. parallel to the surface of the construction area and facing this surface of the construction area is aligned. This condition is hereinafter referred to as so-called building material accumulation.
  • this accumulation of building material has, for example, the shape of an imaginary triangular prism, in which the three rectangular lateral surfaces each lie with their longitudinal extensions at a right angle to a direction of movement of the client over the construction site.
  • the longitudinal extensions are aligned parallel to the surface of the construction site.
  • This accumulation of building material forms depending on the amount of particulate building material discharged. In the event that a larger quantity of the particulate building material is discharged by the applicator, the building material accumulation will have at least a greater height and/or greater width than if a smaller quantity of the particulate building material is discharged.
  • the dimensions of such a prism-shaped accumulation of building material with a triangular base and top surface include its maximum width in the lower area of the accumulation of building material and its maximum height.
  • at least one angle of the triangular base and top surface of the triangular prism-shaped accumulation of building material can also be used as a dimension.
  • Such an angle can be, for example, a so-called slope angle, which describes an increase in the accumulation of building material compared to the flat surface of the building site.
  • the applied layer of non-solidified particulate building material can be selectively solidified in certain partial areas immediately after the particle-shaped building material has been discharged by the applicator.
  • the building material curtain is recorded from at least one direction or perspective by means of one or more cameras.
  • optical monitoring of the triangular prism-shaped accumulation of building material takes place at the impact point of the particulate building material on the construction site.
  • the building material accumulation is recorded from at least one direction or perspective by means of one or more cameras.
  • This direction or perspective can be a side view or a perspective view of the triangular prism-shaped accumulation of building material at the point of impact.
  • an image of the curtain of building material and/or the accumulation of building material at the point of impact is generated by a suitable means for optical monitoring of the particulate building material to be discharged in a work step of discharging the particulate building material.
  • a suitable means for optical monitoring of the particulate building material to be discharged in a work step of discharging the particulate building material can be, for example, at least one camera, a laser, a combination of projector and/or laser and/or camera or a comparable image recording device.
  • an image of a partial area of the building material curtain and/or the building material accumulation is generated.
  • the method For the optical monitoring of the particulate building material to be discharged according to the method, it is sufficient in an alternative of the method to generate an image of only a part or a partial area of the building material curtain and/or the building material accumulation and to process it according to the method.
  • Such an image of the curtain of build material and/or the pile of build material may show, for example, a side view or a front view of the curtain of build material and/or a side view or a front view of the pile of build material.
  • a perspective view or perspective view of the building material curtain and/or the building material accumulation can also be generated as an image.
  • a 3D recording device consisting of a number of cameras or 3D cameras, for example using strip light projection, can also be used.
  • a means for optical monitoring is selected according to the method, for example.
  • a means for optical monitoring is selected according to the method, for example.
  • selecting or switching to another means of optical surveillance such as a camera, for generating the image of the building material curtain.
  • images of the building material curtain can be generated from different perspectives at the same time. This offers the possibility to determine several dimensions of the Baumaterialvor hangs at the same time. The same applies to the accumulation of building materials.
  • a measurement of the width of the curtain of building material can be determined, but not a for example, the angle of the building material curtain deviating from the perpendicular.
  • a camera is selected which produces a side view of the curtain of building material, by means of which, on the other hand, the width of the curtain of building material cannot be determined.
  • Both the width of the building material curtain and the angle of the building material curtain can be determined by means of a camera that generates a perspective image of the building material curtain.
  • appropriate image processing algorithms for example for perspective rectification, are to be provided in order to determine correct values for the width and the angle of the building material curtain.
  • the resolution and recording rate of the camera used must be correspondingly high in order to generate a sufficiently accurate image at any speed at which, for example, a carrier and thus also the building material curtain, for example, moves across the construction site.
  • reaching out is understood to mean an image of the curtain of building material, which can be further processed according to the present method, for example for an image comparison or a determination of dimensions of the curtain of building material, such as a height and/or a width and/or an angle of the Building material curtain, is suitable.
  • the camera can be equipped with a wide-angle lens or provide a suitable perspective in order to record or image the entire area of the building material curtain and/or the building material accumulation.
  • the aim is to ensure that the images of the building material curtain and/or the building material accumulation are of sufficient quality for subsequent process steps. It is also provided that, for example on the basis of the images generated during optical monitoring, such as individual images or a video from one or more views of the building material curtain and/or the building material accumulation, geometric dimensions of the building material curtain consisting of particulate building material and/or the building material accumulation be determined.
  • basic dimensions of the building material curtain or information about the outer contour of the building material curtain can be determined.
  • the basic dimensions of the build material curtain include dimensions such as a width, a height, or an angle of the build material curtain.
  • an exemplary shape of a curtain of structural material may be a cuboid shape.
  • the building material curtain can be a trapezoidal prism, for example the width of the particulate building material carried out on the building site being greater than the width of the particulate building material emerging from the applicator.
  • the thickness of the particulate building material discharged onto the construction site can be greater than the thickness of the particulate building material emerging from the applicator.
  • dimensions along the building material curtain ie in its longitudinal extent, can be recorded.
  • different thicknesses of the curtain of construction material can be determined at different points along the curtain of construction material.
  • a maximum and/or minimum thickness of the curtain of build material or an average thickness of the curtain of build material may be determined.
  • the dimensions can be a maximum width in the lower area of the building material accumulation, i.e. an approximately horizontal side length of the imaginary triangle, and a maximum height of the triangular-pris ma-shaped building material accumulation, such as a height in the imaginary triangle, whereby the height above the horizontal side length is meant, to be named.
  • a maximum width in the lower area of the building material accumulation i.e. an approximately horizontal side length of the imaginary triangle
  • a maximum height of the triangular-pris ma-shaped building material accumulation such as a height in the imaginary triangle, whereby the height above the horizontal side length is meant, to be named.
  • an interior angle of the triangular base and top surface of the triangular prismatic building material accumulation or a slope angle Building material accumulation determined as a dimension and used for a later comparison with a predetermined value for such a dimension.
  • the discharge parameter amount of particulate building material to be discharged per unit of time can be specifically influenced by the method, in the event that the method has an unwanted deviation within of the curtain of build material and/or pile of build material upon a comparison of the generated image of the curtain of build material and/or pile of build material with an associated reference image.
  • substrate application parameter which is referred to below as the discharge parameter
  • a comparison of a specific dimension with a predetermined value or reference value for this dimension it is possible to compare the generated image with an associated reference image. If such a comparison, such as an image comparison, reveals deviations that are above a specified tolerance limit, at least one parameter for the discharge of the particulate building material, i.e. a discharge parameter, is changed and in this way the quantity of the particulate building material to be discharged is regulated or controlled changes.
  • the aim is for the currently generated images to be brought into agreement with the reference images in order to improve the quality when applying a layer of the particulate building material, i.e. to improve uniformity with regard to the height or layer thickness of the applied layer of the particulate building material.
  • a discharge parameter that determines the amount of particulate construction material to be discharged per unit of time or per area is increased .
  • a larger quantity of the particulate building material is thus poured out or discharged from an applicator.
  • the length, height or a determined angle of the building material curtain or a length, width, height, interior angle or slope angle of the triangular base or top surface of the building material accumulation can also be used .
  • the discharge parameters of the quantity of particulate building material to be discharged per unit of time or per area be influenced by a different number of so-called porous gas outlet means in the fluidizer using a pressurized gas be controlled or acted upon.
  • Another possibility for influencing these discharge parameters is to change the pressure of the gas.
  • Another alternative is to change the gas pressure periodically over time, which can be done, for example, with an adjustable frequency.
  • These tools of the 3D printer include in particular an applicator for the particulate building material as well as the means for smoothing the discharged building material such as a scraper blade, an oscillating blade, a knife or a squeegee.
  • an applicator for the particulate building material as well as the means for smoothing the discharged building material such as a scraper blade, an oscillating blade, a knife or a squeegee.
  • Such a multiple arrangement of these means can take place in such a way that the dischargers are arranged in a row next to one another or in at least two rows and offset to one another. It is clear to a person skilled in the art that it must always be possible by means of such an arrangement of the means that the particulate building material can be applied evenly in one layer and in all required areas on the building site.
  • the particulate building material is in motion or flowing during the work step of discharging the particulate building material in the curtain of building material.
  • the basic dimensions of the building material curtain and/or the outer contour of the building material curtain change continuously.
  • These dynamic changes are recorded, for example, over time, for example by means of a video recording or a sequence of images or an image stream.
  • An evaluation of these dimensions that change over time provides information about the area of the change in thickness, ie a minimum and a maximum of the dimension thickness.
  • a change in thickness can be analyzed over time. In this way it can be determined, for example, that the change in thickness occurs periodically between its minimum and its maximum. From this change over time, a mean frequency can be determined, for example, with which the process of changing the thickness in the building material curtain is repeated.
  • values determined in test runs about such changes in thickness and the associated reference frequencies can be related to the quality to be achieved of the layer of particulate building material to be produced. It is thus possible to influence discharge parameters at certain changes in thickness or frequencies of such changes in thickness in such a way that the change in thickness decreases or the frequency of the change in thickness changes in order to improve the quality of the current layer of the particulate building material to be applied.
  • a quantity of the particulate building material to be discharged per unit of time can be mentioned as a changeable discharge parameter. Furthermore, it is possible to change the amount of particulate building material per area. In addition, such a change in the discharge quantity per unit of time and/or per area can be changed over time, with this change being able to take place with a specific or variable or with a frequency that changes over time. For example, the value of the set frequency can increase or decrease over time, or increase and decrease successively, and so on. It is provided, for example, to counteract the change in thickness over time in the curtain of construction material by changing the discharge parameter quantity of particulate building material per unit of time over time and at least to reduce or eliminate the change in thickness over time.
  • the particle movement of the particulate building material or the kinematics can thus be changed in a targeted manner in order to prevent quality disruptions when the particulate building material is applied.
  • This influencing of the particle movement of the particulate building material can take place differently for the ge entire building material curtain as well as for partial areas of the building material curtain if optical monitoring is already carried out separately in these partial areas.
  • an exemplary means for dispensing the particulate building material such as an applicator in a 3D printer
  • Fig. 3 a further exemplary arrangement for discharging the particulate building material in a 3D printer
  • Fig. 4 an enlarged partial representation of the area of the building material curtain and the building material accumulation on the construction site.
  • FIG. 1 shows a means 1 for discharging the particulate building material 2 and a means 3 for smoothing the particulate building material 2 over a building field 4 .
  • Such a means 1 for discharging the particulate building material 2 can, for example, be a so-called applicator 1, while the means 3 shown for smoothing the particulate building material 2 is, for example, a blade.
  • the applicator 1 has a storage container 15, not shown in FIG. 1, in which the particulate building material 2 to be discharged is stored.
  • An outlet 5 for discharging the particulate building material 2 can be arranged at the lower end of the applicator 1 .
  • the discharger 1 has a corresponding closure means, which is not shown in FIG. This closure means is designed in such a way that it can open and close the outlet 5 or a corresponding opening in the lower area of the applicator 1 .
  • particulate construction material 2 is to be discharged from the applicator 1 and thus discharged onto the construction site 4, the closure means is opened.
  • the particulate building material 2 is discharged and arrives in the form of a so-called building material curtain 6 on the surface of the building des 4.
  • This process of discharging particulate building material 2 is shown in FIG.
  • the amount of particulate building material 2 to be discharged is influenced and controlled by changing a discharge parameter.
  • a discharge parameter can be the amount of particulate building material 2 to be discharged per unit of time, while another discharge parameter is the amount of particulate building material to be discharged per area.
  • the quantity of particulate construction material to be discharged is 2 per unit of time and the speed of movement of the applicator 1 in the direction of movement 7 over the construction area 4 is controlled accordingly, the discharge of the particulate construction material 2 onto the surface of the construction area 4 takes place very evenly and thus at a higher rate Quality.
  • optical monitoring 9 such as a camera 9, which is aligned with its recording area 10 on the building material curtain 6, the building material curtain 6 is monitored optically and corresponding images are created by taking pictures or video recordings.
  • the camera 9 is arranged in such a way that it provides a frontal view of the construction material curtain 6 .
  • the camera 9 can also be arranged in a way that differs from the illustration in FIG. 1 in such a way that the camera 9 provides a side view or a perspective view. It is also possible to arrange several cameras 9 in order to provide several views, such as a front view of the building material curtain 6 and a side view of the building material curtain 6.
  • the dimension of the thickness 11 or the angle 12 between the surface of the building field 4 and the construction material curtain 6 is determined using suitable image processing software, for example. These dimensions are related to the amount of particulate building material 3 to be discharged or the speed of movement in the direction of movement 7. It can generally be assumed that an increase in the value for the thickness 11 means an increase in the amount of particulate building material 2 during the discharge step shows. It can also generally be assumed that a decrease in the value for the angle 12 indicates an increase in the movement speed of the applicator 1 during the discharge work step.
  • the angle 12 can assume smaller values. For example, it can be assumed that the angle 12 becomes smaller in the direction of movement 7 as the movement speed of the off-carrier 1 increases.
  • discharge parameters are changed. These discharge parameters are, for example, the amount of particulate building material 2 to be discharged per unit of time and the speed of the working means of the 3D printer in the direction of movement 7.
  • the working means here are the discharger 1 and the means 3 for smoothing, i.e. a blade, for example.
  • the speed in the direction of movement 7 can be increased, for example.
  • the discharge parameter quantity of the particulate building material 2 to be discharged per unit of time can be reduced until the dimensions again correspond to the specified values, with a tolerance range usually being defined. This reduction in quantity can be achieved, for example, by influencing the size of the outlet 5 on the applicator 1.
  • the process-related changes in the discharge parameters described for the application of the particulate building material 2 can also take place differently in some areas. Of course, this presupposes that, for example, several applicators 1 for discharging the particulate building material 2 in the 3D printer and/or that several means 3 for smoothing are arranged in the 3D printer.
  • FIG. 1 also shows the building material accumulation 20 with its, for example, triangular top surface or base surface.
  • the triangle shown is intended as an aid to show how an observer can imagine the triangular-prism-shaped building material accumulation 20 with its imaginary triangular base and top surface in the area of the particulate building material 2 striking the building site 4 .
  • the body edges of the triangle shown are of course not recognizable in the parti cle-shaped building material 2, but can be determined by means of suitable software by evaluating the recordings made during the optical monitoring of the building material accumulation 20 consisting of particulate building material 2 according to the method. Further dimensions of the building material accumulation 20 can then be determined from this.
  • FIG. 2 shows a means for discharging the particulate building material 2 such as an applicator 1 in a 3D printer, which can be moved horizontally over the building field 4 in the direction of movement 7 .
  • the client 1 has a reservoir 15 for the particle-shaped building material 2 to be stored.
  • the applicator 1 In its lower region, the applicator 1 has a longitudinally extending outlet 4 for discharging the particulate construction material 2, which then moves or falls in the form of the construction material curtain 6 towards the surface of the construction field 4.
  • images of the construction material curtain 6 are generated by means of a camera 9 with its recording area 10 aligned with the construction material curtain 6 .
  • the camera 9 can show, for example, a side view or a frontal view of the building material curtain 6 .
  • a further possibility for aligning the camera 9 consists in aligning a perspective view of the construction material curtain 6, as is shown in FIG.
  • the camera 9 is, for example, fixed to the Contractor 1 is connected and thus moves with Contractor 1 over construction area 4.
  • the displayed dimensions of the construction material curtain 6 such as its thickness 11, width 13, height 14 or the angle 12 between the surface of the construction field 4 and the construction material curtain 6 can be determined.
  • the building material accumulation 20 is also shown in FIG. 2 with its imaginary triangular top surface or base surface. Also shown is the length 21 of the building material accumulation 20, which essentially corresponds to the length 13 of the building material curtain 6.
  • FIG. 3 shows a means 1 for discharging the particulate building material 2 in a 3D printer, which can be moved horizontally over the building field 4 in the direction of movement 7 .
  • a means 1, which is also referred to as a so-called fluidizer, is shown in a snapshot, in which particulate building material 2 exits through the outlet 5 and reaches the surface of the building field 4 as a building material curtain 6, in order to create a new layer of the particulate building material 2 form with a layer thickness 8.
  • the means 3 still required for this is not shown in FIG.
  • the applicator 1 has a funnel-shaped storage container 15 for storing the particulate building material 2 .
  • This funnel-shaped reservoir 15 is formed longitudinally, its length being a multiple of its width.
  • the reservoir 15 has an opening or an outlet 5 .
  • two blocking means 16 are arranged, through which the outlet 5 is formed.
  • a ventilation gap 17 is formed by the left blocking means 16 on its upper side.
  • Such an arrangement of the blocking means 16 prevents particle-shaped building material 2 from getting onto the building site 4 unintentionally, since let 5 form a blocking cone closing the path from the particulate building material 2 .
  • the particulate building material 2 is fluidized in the area of the outlet 5 .
  • at least one porous gas outlet means 18 be arranged in this area.
  • Two porous gas outlet means 18 are arranged on the side walls of the storage container 15 in FIG. These two porous gas outlet means 18 each have a gas connection 19 which is connected to an external unit, not shown, which generates a gas whose gas pressure can be controlled.
  • Each porous gas outlet means 18 has a gas-permeable porous material on its side facing the particulate building material 2 .
  • the gas exits the porous gas outlet means 18 through the gas-permeable porous material in the direction of the particulate building material 2, evenly distributed and flows through the particulate building material 2.
  • This outflowing gas is indicated in Figure 3 by several small arrows shown at the porous gas exit means 18.
  • the particulate building material 2 is fluidized by this escaping gas, as a result of which the particulate building material 2 is discharged via the outlet 5 , forming the building material curtain 6 , and reaches the building site 4 .
  • porous gas outlet means 18 Only one porous gas outlet means 18 is required to fluidize the particulate building material 2 . However, if the gas flows via two porous gas outlet means 18 from two sides into the particulate building material 2 , the effect of fluidizing the particulate building material 2 is enhanced and a larger quantity of the particulate building material 2 is discharged via the outlet 5 .
  • the pressure of the gas fed into the porous gas discharge means 18 is varied. For example, by means of a greater gas pressure, the fluidization of the particulate building material 2 can be increased or improved, as a result of which more fluidized particulate building material 2 through the Outlet 5 can escape and, for example, the thickness of 11 Baumaterialvor hangs 6 increases.
  • the fluidization of the particulate building material 2 can be reduced or worsened by means of a lower gas pressure, as a result of which less particulate building material 2 is discharged.
  • a thickness dimension 11 of the building material curtain 6 can thus be controlled by controlling the gas pressure or the number of porous gas outlet means 18 used by the present method.
  • the procedural discharge parameter of the amount of particulate building material 2 to be discharged per unit of time or the procedural discharge parameter of the amount of particulate building material 2 to be discharged per area can be controlled or regulated by the number of porous gas outlet means 18 used.
  • Another way of controlling or regulating these discharge parameters is the gas pressure used for the porous gas outlet means 18 .
  • the gas pressure can for example be generated in a pulsating manner, as a result of which an improvement in the fluidization is possible and the quantity of the particulate building material 2 released can also be changed over a period of time.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged excerpt of the area of the building material curtain 6 and the building material accumulation 20 on the construction site 4.
  • FIG. 4 also shows the applicator 1 with its outlet 5. Furthermore, a means 9a for the optical monitoring of the construction material curtain 6 with its receiving area 10a is shown. The thickness 11 of the curtain of building material 6 is also shown.
  • FIG. 4 Another means 9b for the optical monitoring of the building material accumulation 20 is shown in FIG.
  • the representation of the means 9 in FIG. 4 is only a basic sketch and does not represent the exact proportions or the exact positions of the means 9, which can be arranged as required. So the funds can 9 depending on their Positioning shows a front view, a side view or a perspective view of the building material curtain 6 and/or the building material pile 20.
  • the length 21 of the build pile 20 is not shown in Figure 4 because Figure 4 shows a side view of the build pile 20 in which the length 21 of the build pile 20 would extend into the depth of the illustration.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour évacuer un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3D, selon lequel un rideau de matériau de construction (6) constitué de matériau de construction particulaire (6) est surveillé par voie optique dans une étape de travail dans laquelle le matériau de construction particulaire (2) est évacué dans une zone du rideau de matériau de construction (6) entre le support (1) et la zone de construction (4) ; une image du rideau de matériau de construction (6) est générée et/ou au moins une dimension du rideau de matériau de construction (6) est déterminée ; l'image et/ou la ou les dimensions sont comparées à une image de référence associée et/ou à une valeur de référence prédéfinie et, en cas de différence entre l'image et l'image de référence et/ou entre la dimension et la valeur de référence associée, au moins un paramètre d'évacuation pour l'évacuation du matériau de construction particulaire (2) est modifié.
EP22718048.6A 2021-03-24 2022-03-22 Procédé pour évacuer un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d Pending EP4313548A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021001534.7A DE102021001534A1 (de) 2021-03-24 2021-03-24 Verfahren zum Austragen von partikelförmigem Baumaterial in einem 3D-Drucker
PCT/DE2022/000029 WO2022199735A1 (fr) 2021-03-24 2022-03-22 Procédé pour évacuer un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4313548A1 true EP4313548A1 (fr) 2024-02-07

Family

ID=81384990

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22718048.6A Pending EP4313548A1 (fr) 2021-03-24 2022-03-22 Procédé pour évacuer un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20240066600A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4313548A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2024513749A (fr)
KR (1) KR20230159825A (fr)
CN (1) CN117042949A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021001534A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022199735A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10117875C1 (de) 2001-04-10 2003-01-30 Generis Gmbh Verfahren, Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von Fluiden sowie Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung
WO2017011456A1 (fr) 2015-07-16 2017-01-19 Velo3D, Inc. Impression en trois dimensions à matériau tombant
EP3159081B1 (fr) * 2015-10-21 2023-12-06 Nikon SLM Solutions AG Dispositif d'application de poudre comprenant deux caméras
US20190060998A1 (en) 2017-08-28 2019-02-28 General Electric Company Powder bed re-coater apparatus and methods of use thereof
JP6945470B2 (ja) * 2018-02-23 2021-10-06 株式会社日立製作所 付加造形体の製造システムおよび付加造形体の製造方法
DE102018003336A1 (de) 2018-04-25 2019-10-31 Laempe Mössner Sinto Gmbh Anordnung und Verfahren zum Auftragen von partikelförmigem Baumaterial in einem 3D-Drucker

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102021001534A1 (de) 2022-09-29
JP2024513749A (ja) 2024-03-27
WO2022199735A1 (fr) 2022-09-29
KR20230159825A (ko) 2023-11-22
CN117042949A (zh) 2023-11-10
US20240066600A1 (en) 2024-02-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3181334B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de composants tridimensionnels à l'aide d'un capteur de surplus
DE19514740C1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes
DE102015003372A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von 3D-Formteilen mit Doppelrecoater
EP1377389B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif d'application de fluides
DE102004008168B4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auftragen von Fluiden und Verwendung der Vorrichtung
EP3582953B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé de fabrication générative d'un objet tridimensionnel
DE102006023485A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts
DE102014112469A1 (de) Beschichteranordnung für einen 3d-drucker
DE102005056260A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum flächigen Auftragen von fließfähigem Material
EP3200984A1 (fr) Procédé, dispositif et module de revêtement pour la réalisation d'un objet tridimensionnel
EP2612747A2 (fr) Dispositif de fabrication en couche d'objets tridimensionnels
EP3638488B1 (fr) Système de revêtement pour imprimante 3d
DE10105504A1 (de) Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Pulver für eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts, Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts
EP3393807A1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé pour produire un objet tridimensionnel
EP2010370A1 (fr) Dispositif de fabrication en couches d'un objet tridimensionnel
EP3259117A1 (fr) Imprimante 3d dotée d'un dispositif de dépôt et dispositif de nettoyage de dispositif de dépôt
WO1993008506A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif stereographiques
DE102006041320A1 (de) Beschichtereinrichtung für eine Bauvorrichtung zur Erstellung von Formteilen aus pulverartigem Baumaterial unter Einbringung von Strahlungsenergie
WO2021008641A1 (fr) Procédé pour produire des pièces moulées 3d dont les points d'image imprimés présentent des propriétés cibles variables
DE102018003336A1 (de) Anordnung und Verfahren zum Auftragen von partikelförmigem Baumaterial in einem 3D-Drucker
EP4313548A1 (fr) Procédé pour évacuer un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d
DE102020006886A1 (de) Verfahren zum Auftragen von partikelförmigem Baumaterial in einem 3D-Drucker
EP4048467A1 (fr) Système et procédé de génération d'une couche d'un matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d
WO2023174467A1 (fr) Ensemble et procédé d'application de matériau de construction particulaire dans une imprimante 3d
DE102014109706A1 (de) Aufbau und Verwendung einer geometrisch dicht gepackten Pulverschicht

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20231017

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR