EP4308525A1 - Method for treating human or animal urine by dilution and fermentation and uses of the urine obtained in particular as fertilizing substance - Google Patents
Method for treating human or animal urine by dilution and fermentation and uses of the urine obtained in particular as fertilizing substanceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4308525A1 EP4308525A1 EP22715611.4A EP22715611A EP4308525A1 EP 4308525 A1 EP4308525 A1 EP 4308525A1 EP 22715611 A EP22715611 A EP 22715611A EP 4308525 A1 EP4308525 A1 EP 4308525A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- urine
- fermentation
- acid
- carried out
- transformed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 351
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 76
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 49
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001112741 Bacillaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001430332 Bifidobacteriaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000253402 Burkholderiaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001609975 Enterococcaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001609976 Leuconostocaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001112734 Paenibacillaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001633102 Rhizobiaceae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000131971 Bradyrhizobiaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000186031 Corynebacteriaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001279371 Frankiaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001468155 Lactobacillaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000192017 Micrococcaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000982667 Phyllobacteriaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000131970 Rhodospirillaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001453327 Xanthomonadaceae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000443 biocontrol Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000194018 Streptococcaceae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 19
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 17
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 241000589196 Sinorhizobium meliloti Species 0.000 description 13
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 13
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 12
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 11
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000016127 added sugars Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 9
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 8
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 5
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000186610 Lactobacillus sp. Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CKMXBZGNNVIXHC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052567 struvite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000589174 Bradyrhizobium japonicum Species 0.000 description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000062071 Kocuria sp. Species 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000589187 Rhizobium sp. Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000187809 Frankia Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012313 Kruskal-Wallis test Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000589157 Rhizobiales Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589180 Rhizobium Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010149 post-hoc-test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000816 toxic dose Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012138 yeast extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000203809 Actinomycetales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 241000193833 Bacillales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001600148 Burkholderiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000288673 Chiroptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192699 Chroococcales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001112695 Clostridiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000343666 Cytophagales Species 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000228427 Eurotiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002444 Exopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010049290 Feminisation acquired Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000034793 Feminization Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001141128 Flavobacteriales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000187808 Frankia sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001655320 Frankiales Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241000952346 Gloeobacterales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001508576 Glomerales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221775 Hypocreales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001112724 Lactobacillales Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000192522 Nostocales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192494 Oscillatoriales Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000947836 Pseudomonadaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001248479 Pseudomonadales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001185316 Rhodospirillales Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235343 Saccharomycetales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000947909 Xanthomonadales Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010866 blackwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940041514 candida albicans extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002515 guano Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009630 liquid culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020429 malt syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000024121 nodulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000528 statistical test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
Definitions
- the invention relates to the treatment and recovery of human or animal urine.
- the subject of the invention is a process for treating urine and the use of the transformed urine obtained, as well as co-products of the process, in particular as raw materials used for the manufacture of fertilizers.
- Urine is considered waste that must be disposed of. Its current mode of disposal, mostly via mains drainage, is problematic for wastewater treatment plants and more generally concerns the sustainable management of water resources.
- the nitrogen and micro-pollutant content of urine poses problems for the development of algae and the feminization of fish.
- the prior art describes several black water treatment methods comprising a mixture of urine and excrement to obtain fertilizing materials or fertilizer.
- Document KR20040062918 describes a manure composting method.
- Document CN111377759 describes a process for the preparation of liquid fertilizer from animal excrement.
- urine may be too loaded with nutrients for some microorganisms.
- urine can be too loaded with salt (NaCI) which can have a negative osmotic impact on micro-organisms, in particular on bacteria, and nitrogen which can be in toxic concentrations.
- NaCI salt
- the inventors propose a method for treating urine comprising at least one dilution step so as to have optimum concentrations of mineral elements for microbial fermentation.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the treatment of human or animal urine comprising at least one step of fermentation of the urine by microorganisms, preferably bacteria, preceded by at least one step of diluting the urine in a solution, preferably in water, preferably at a factor of between 1/2 and 1/100.
- the method according to the invention is a method for treating human or animal urine, preferably fresh urine, comprising at least the following steps:
- a step of diluting the urine in a solution preferably in water or in a nutrient solution
- a pH stabilization step at a desired value (acid, basic or neutral)
- the method may comprise other steps and in particular an optional step prior to the other steps, which consists in recovering in the urine at least one mineral in the form of a precipitate, in particular at least one mineral chosen from nitrogen, potassium or phosphorus.
- a subject of the invention is also transformed urine, capable of being obtained by implementing the method, and which has at least one of the following characteristics: a salt concentration (NaCI) of less than 0.15% by weight / volume (l.5g / L) and a total nitrogen concentration of less than 0.5% by weight / volume (5g / L) (the percentages are given by weight of salt or nitrogen relative to the volume of transformed urine). Without the dilution, the urine could contain salt and nitrogen concentrations too high for its use, in particular for the fermentation of certain microorganisms.
- the invention also relates to the use of such transformed urine, in particular as a fertilizing material, in particular as a fertilizing raw material based on inoculum of microorganisms, preferably based on bacterial inoculum, in particular for open-air cultures. fields, market gardening and horticulture.
- the invention therefore also relates to a fertilizer.
- the invention also relates to the use of the co-products possibly obtained during the urine fermentation step (in particular the biofilm formed during this step), in particular as a fertilizing material, as a phytosanitary product or as a biocontrol product for agricultural.
- Figure la represents, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the dilution of fresh urine (collected for less than 2 hours) with demineralised water.
- - Figure lb represents, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the dilution of a stored urine (stored for 5 days) with demineralised water.
- - Figure 2a represents, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the dilution of acidified fresh urine (collected for less than 2 hours, acidified to pH 3) with demineralised water.
- - Figure 2b represents, in the form of a curve, the results obtained for the dilution of fresh basified urine (collected for less than 2 hours, basified to pH 11) with demineralized water.
- FIG. 3 represents, in the form of a histogram, the concentrations of E. meliloti (CFU/mL) observed after 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours of growth on pure urine, urine diluted at 1/2 and at 1/ 5.
- the * represent the significant differences between the different levels of dilution.
- FIG. 4a represents, in the form of a histogram, the comparative measurements of the number of soybean pods obtained after inoculation with the commercial products (FORCE 48 and RHIZOFLO containing an adhesive like the invention) and with a product according to the invention (RHIZOPI + adhesive).
- - Figure 4b represents, in the form of a histogram, the comparative measurements of the ratio grains/number of soybean pods obtained after inoculation with the commercial products (FORCE 48 and RHIZOFLO containing an adhesive like the invention) and with a product according to invention (RHIZOPI + adhesive).
- Figure 5 represents, in the form of a histogram, the comparative measurements of the yield after inoculation with the commercial products (FORCE 48 and RHIZOFLO containing an adhesive like the invention) and with a product according to the invention (RHIZOPI+adhesive).
- urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine free of fecal matter and very preferably collected separately.
- acidified urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant a urine whose pH value has been reduced relative to the pH value of the initial urine.
- the pH of acidified urine is an acidic pH.
- basified urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant a urine whose pH value has been increased relative to the pH value of the initial urine.
- the pH of basified urine is a basic pH.
- diluted urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant fresh or stored urine, acidified or not, basified or not, which has been diluted in a solution, preferably in water or in a nutrient solution, to a certain factor.
- fresh urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine which has been collected for less than 10 hours, preferably for less than 5 hours, even more preferably for less than 2 hours, and in particular for less than I hour.
- transformed urine within the meaning of the invention, is meant urine which has undergone a process which has transformed at least one characteristic of natural urine, so that it is no longer a natural product but of a processed product obtained from a natural product.
- the transformed urine is a urine transformed according to the invention at least by dilution and fermentation.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a process for the treatment of human or animal urine, comprising at least one stage of fermentation of the urine preceded by at least one stage of dilution of the urine in a solution, preferably in water or in a nutrient solution.
- the subject of the invention is a process for human or animal urine, comprising at least the following steps:
- the subject of the invention is a method for treating human or animal urine, preferably fresh urine, comprising at least the implementation of the following steps:
- the dilution step can be carried out before or after the filtration.
- the dilution can be carried out several times, and the method according to the invention can comprise several successive dilution steps or interspersed with other steps.
- Human or animal urine is collected by any method suitable for implementing the method according to the invention.
- human urine it can in particular be collected from different sources such as toilet rental companies, festivals, medical analysis laboratories, and communities.
- animal urine it can in particular be collected from different sources such as breeders and veterinary analysis laboratories.
- the containers may contain one or more bases for implementing the basification step or one or more acids for implementing the acidification step.
- the method according to the invention may optionally comprise an additional step, which consists in precipitating co-products generated during the storage step before dilution and/or basification and/or acidification.
- co-products are preferentially minerals, in particular minerals chosen from nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (struvite).
- the process consists in adding magnesium salts in solution in order to precipitate the phosphorus present in urine stored without stabilizer, preferably at a volumetric ratio of 1: 1 (Mg:P).
- Mg:P volumetric ratio of 1: 1
- This precipitate can be recovered by filtration on a mesh filter between 10 and 30 ⁇ m.
- the precipitate can subsequently undergo various treatments, such as washing, dissolving, pressing and/or drying in the open air in order to obtain a material in liquid or solid form.
- the first step of the method according to the invention is preferentially carried out on fresh urine which has been collected less than 10 hours before the implementation of the first step of the method according to the invention, preferentially less than 5 hours, even more preferentially less two hours and ideally less than one hour.
- the urine dilution stage is carried out with water or in a nutrient solution.
- the water used for the dilution is preferably demineralized water.
- the nutrient solution is preferably water, preferably demineralised water, to which a carbon source (sugar) and/or any other growth factor suitable for any micro-organisms, preferably suitable for bacteria (such as yeast extracts and/or dried blood and/or mineral elements, etc.), in particular bacterial growth factors absent from urine, so that the dilution solution can provide elements nutrients complementary to those of urine.
- a carbon source sugar
- bacteria such as yeast extracts and/or dried blood and/or mineral elements, etc.
- the dilution step is implemented before the fermentation step so that the urine has a constitution of nutrients, in particular salt and nitrogen, suitable for any microorganism, preferably a salt concentration (NaCl) of less than 0.15% by weight and a nitrogen concentration of less than 0.5% by weight.
- the dilution is carried out in water or nutrient solution to a factor of between 1/2 and 1/100.
- the step of basifying the urine, when it is implemented, is preferentially carried out so that the urine has a pH greater than or equal to 9, preferentially between 9 and 12, preferentially greater than or equal to 10 and according to one embodiment between 10 and 12.
- the basification of urine at a pH greater than 9 makes it possible to inhibit the growth of pathogens and prevents the spontaneous reaction of hydrolysis of urea to ammonia, therefore the Urine retains its nitrogen concentration.
- the basification in particular can also allow the urine to have the pH necessary for the fermentation of the urine by certain microorganisms, in particular certain bacteria.
- the basification step can be carried out by any means making it possible to obtain urine with the desired basic pH.
- the basification step can be carried out by adding to the urine at least one basic pH adjuster, preferably at least one base, and even more preferably at least one base chosen from calcium hydroxide, hydroxide potassium, sodium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, as well as associated oxides and mixtures thereof.
- the base (or bases) used to basify the urine is added to the urine at a concentration of between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the mixture consisting of urine and the base, preferably between 0.5 and 2.5%.
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least calcium hydroxide to the urine
- the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 5% of calcium hydroxide by weight of the total weight of the urine and calcium hydroxide mixture, even more preferably between 2 and 3%.
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least potassium hydroxide to the urine
- the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 5% of potassium hydroxide by weight of the total weight of the urine and potassium hydroxide mixture, even more preferably between 1.5 and 2%.
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least sodium hydroxide to the urine
- the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 0.5 and 5% sodium hydroxide in weight of the total weight of the urine and sodium hydroxide mixture, even more preferably between 0.5 and 1%.
- the basification step is preferably carried out at the time of collection of the urine to avoid the hydrolysis reaction of urea to ammonia.
- the basification step according to the invention is carried out by adding at least one base to the container in which the urine is received or poured, upstream of the reception of the urine, preferably at the bottom of the container before the urine is poured into it.
- the container once filled is preferably hermetically sealed for transport in order to limit gaseous exchanges in the open air, and the container is preferably made of plastic or metal resistant to corrosion by the base.
- the base(s) can be replaced by a mixture of microorganisms in a basic medium, preferably a mixture of bacteria, such that the basification is associated with an inoculation of microorganisms , preferably at least bacteria.
- the basification step of the method according to the invention is carried out by adding to the urine at least one mixture of bacteria in a basic medium, such that the basification is associated with an inoculation of bacteria .
- the basification step is carried out by adding at least bacteria in a basic medium
- the basification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 10% of a mixture of bacteria in a basic medium by weight of the weight total of the mixture of urine and mixture of bacteria in basic medium, even more preferably between 2.5 and 5%.
- the NI-U/N-total ratio of the urine is less than or equal to 30%, and/or
- the N-ureic/N-total ratio of the urine is greater than or equal to 50%, and/or
- the C/N ratio is greater than or equal to 2; it can be greater than or equal to 10.
- the basification step lasts less than 12 days, even more preferably less than 7 days, and in particular between 12 hours and 7 days.
- the urine acidification step is preferably carried out so that the urine has a pH of less than 6, preferably less than or equal to 5.5 and according to one embodiment less than or equal to 4.
- acidification of urine to a pH below 6 inhibits the growth of pathogens and prevents the spontaneous hydrolysis reaction of urea to ammonia, so the urine retains its nitrogen concentration.
- Acidification also allows the urine to present the pH necessary for fermentation, in particular for lactic fermentation.
- the acidification step can be carried out by any means making it possible to obtain urine with the desired acid pH.
- the acidification step can be carried out by adding to the urine at least one acidic pH adjuster, preferably at least one acid, and even more preferably at least one acid chosen from sulfuric acid, acid acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and lactic acid.
- at least one acidic pH adjuster preferably at least one acid, and even more preferably at least one acid chosen from sulfuric acid, acid acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and lactic acid.
- the acid used to acidify the urine is added to the urine at a concentration of between 0.1 and 10% by weight of the total weight of the mixture consisting of the urine and the acid, preferably between 0.5 and 2.5%.
- the acidification step is carried out by adding at least lactic acid to the urine, preferably the acidification step is carried out by adding to the urine between 0.5 and 5% lactic acid in weight of the total weight of the urine and acid mixture, even more preferably between 1 and 2%.
- the acidification step is carried out by adding at least microorganisms in an acid medium, preferably bacteria in an acid medium
- the acidification step is preferably carried out by adding to the urine between 1 and 10% of the mixture of microorganisms in an acid medium by weight of the total weight of the urine and acidifier mixture, even more preferably between 3 and 5%.
- the acidification step is preferably carried out at the time of collection of the urine to avoid the hydrolysis reaction of urea to ammonia.
- the acidification step is carried out by adding at least one acid to the container in which the urine is received or poured, upstream of the reception of the urine, preferably at the bottom container before the urine is poured into it.
- the container once filled is preferably hermetically sealed for transport in order to limit gaseous exchanges in the open air, and the container is preferably made of plastic or metal resistant to corrosion by acid.
- the acid(s) can be replaced by a mixture of microorganisms in an acid medium, preferably by a mixture of bacteria in an acid medium, such that the acidification is associated with a bacteria inoculation.
- the acidification step of the method according to the invention is carried out by adding to the urine at least one mixture of bacteria in an acidic medium, such that the acidification is associated with an inoculation of bacteria.
- the NEU/N-total ratio of the urine is less than or equal to 30%, and/or
- the N-ureic/N-total ratio of the urine is greater than or equal to 50%, and/or - the C/N ratio is greater than or equal to 2; it can be greater than or equal to 10.
- the acidification step lasts less than 12 days, even more preferably less than 7 days, and in particular between 12 hours and 7 days.
- the method according to the invention may comprise an additional step of storing the urine.
- the urine can be stored at any time of the process, preferably at any time after the basification or acidification step and before the fermentation step, and according to a suitable embodiment, just after the basification or acidification step of urine.
- the method can comprise several storage steps at different times of the method.
- the urine can be stored for an indefinite period, preferably for a period less than or equal to 6 months. In fact, beyond 6 months, urea degrades strongly into ammonia, which makes the environment unfavorable to microbial growth.
- Storage can be carried out in any suitable container.
- This can be the container in which the urine was collected or any other plastic or metal container that is resistant to corrosion by a base.
- the storage is carried out away from light in order to avoid the effect of UV on the composition of the urine and at ambient temperature (approximately 20° C.). Extreme temperatures, either below 0°C or above 40°C, are unfavorable to storage because they can modify the composition of urine.
- the process according to the invention before or after possible storage, preferentially just before the stage of transformation by fermentation, preferentially comprises a stage of filtration.
- This filtration step must make it possible to remove the undesirable particles contained in the urine, such as in particular hair, hair, pollutants in chelated form, residual salts and any other particles that may be present (dead leaves, gravel, etc. ).
- the filtration step is preferably carried out at least by filtration on a mesh filter of between 0.1 and 80 ⁇ m. Specifically, filtration is performed at 25pm. This removes unwanted particles, depending on the quality of the stored urine.
- the filtration can be carried out on a filter that absorbs organic compounds, such as an activated carbon, chabazite, zeolite filter, or any other filtration system.
- organic compounds such as an activated carbon, chabazite, zeolite filter, or any other filtration system.
- the method according to the invention comprises a fermentation step, that is to say transformation of the urine under the influence of microorganisms.
- the microorganisms used for the fermentation step can be chosen from bacteria and fungi, in particular yeasts and molds.
- microorganisms used for the fermentation step are fungi, they are preferably chosen from fungi of the order Eurotiales, Hypocreales, Saccharomycetales, Glomerales and mixtures thereof.
- the microorganisms used for the fermentation step are bacteria.
- These bacteria can be lactic acid bacteria (in this case for fermentation we speak specifically of lactic acid fermentation or lacto-fermentation) or non-lactic acid bacteria.
- One or more bacteria can be used for the fermentation.
- the fermentation can therefore be carried out with at least two different bacteria. It may be at least two different lactic bacteria in the case where the fermentation is a lactic fermentation.
- non-lactic bacteria these are preferably chosen from bacteria belonging to at least one of the following orders: Rhizobiales (in particular the families Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, and Phyllobacteriaceae), Bacillales (in particular the families Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae), Rhodospirillales (in particular the family Rhodospirillaceae), Actinomycetales (in particular the family Corynebacteriaceae), Frankiales (in particular the family Frankiaceae), Burkholderiales (in particular the family Burkholderiaceae), Flavobacteriales ( in particular the Flavobactericeae family), Pseudomonadales (in particular the Pseudomonodoceoe family), Eubacteriales (in particular the Micrococcaceae family), Xanthomonadales (in particular the Xanthomonadaceae family), Hyphomicrobiales, Cytophagales,
- the fermentation is carried out with one or more lactic acid bacteria
- the fermentation is carried out with at least one bacterium chosen from bacteria of the order Lactobacillales, in particular at least one bacterium whose family is chosen from Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcoceoe, Enterococcaceae , Leuconostocaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae.
- the bacteria used for the fermentation are preferably chosen from bacteria of the family Bradyrhizobiaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Frankiaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Flavobactericeae, Pseudomonaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, Leuconostocaceae , Bifidobacteriaceae, and mixtures thereof.
- the step of transforming urine by fermentation consists in adding to the urine at least one carbon source and at least one inoculum of microorganisms, preferably an inoculum of bacteria .
- the carbon source is preferably added at a rate of 1 to 40 g. L 1 relative to the volume of basified and filtered or acidified and filtered urine to be transformed by fermentation.
- the carbon source can be diverse. It is preferably chosen from fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, glucose syrup, malt syrup as well as polyols such as mannitol or sorbitol and mixtures thereof.
- the inoculum of microorganisms preferentially the bacterial inoculum is preferably added at a rate of 0.1 to 10% by volume relative to the volume of the mixture of basified and filtered or acidified and filtered urine and of the source of carbon.
- the inoculum of microorganisms can be obtained from a stock solution comprising at least one carbon source, one bacterium or a mixture of at least two bacteria, and basified or acidified urine having a pH suitable for fermentation. said bacterium or said mixture of bacteria.
- the inoculum can be obtained in particular from a stock solution consisting at least of:
- - basified urine having a pH greater than or equal to 9, preferably greater than or equal to 10, and in particular preferably a pH identical to or close to that of the urine that one wishes to transform by fermentation,
- the inoculum can be obtained in particular from a stock solution consisting at least of:
- the fermentation step can be carried out in particular at a temperature between 25 and 35°C. It is preferably carried out at a temperature corresponding to the optimum growth temperature of the microorganism(s) used for the fermentation. In one embodiment of the invention, the fermentation step is carried out for a period of at least 12 hours, preferably for a period of between 3 and 12 days. This duration varies according to the microorganisms and the conditions used for the fermentation.
- the method according to the invention may also comprise one or more additional steps.
- the method according to the invention may comprise one or more step(s) which consist(s) in adding additional constituents to the urine, such as in particular nitrogen sources (in urea, nitrate/nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and/or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and/or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and/or zinc).
- additional constituents such as in particular nitrogen sources (in urea, nitrate/nitrite or ammonium), phosphorus and/or potassium, secondary elements (calcium and/or magnesium) or trace elements (cobalt, copper, iron, manganese and/or zinc).
- additional constituents can be carried out at any time during the implementation of the process. Preferably it is carried out before the fermentation step.
- the latter may comprise an additional pH adjustment step, with the aim of obtaining an optimum pH for the growth of microorganisms, preferably bacteria, used during the fermentation step.
- the method according to the invention can therefore comprise a step of adding at least one acid or one base to the urine, preferably basified or acidified beforehand.
- the addition of the acid is carried out so that the urine has a lower pH than that obtained after the basification or acidification step.
- the addition of the base is carried out so that the urine has a higher pH than that obtained after the basification or acidification step.
- the pH is adjusted so that the urine has a pH suitable for the growth of the microorganisms used for the fermentation of the urine. pH adjustment can also be done when acidifying or basifying urine is diluted.
- the adjustment of the pH to the desired value is achieved by modifying the concentration of the acid or the base in the urine according to the pH of the urine before this addition, the desired pH, and the acid or the basis used.
- the acid used for the step of adding an acid to the urine for pH adjustment can be chosen in particular from sulfuric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, lactic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the base used for the step of adding a base to the urine for pH adjustment can be chosen in particular from calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and their mixtures, as well as their respective oxides.
- This variant of the process comprising at least one pH adjustment or stabilization step, instead of reaching the desired pH solely by basification or acidification of the urine after harvesting, makes it possible to reach the desired pH several times (at least two steps): basification of the urine according to the invention then addition of at least one acid or one base, or acidification of the urine according to the invention then addition of at least one base or one acid.
- the method according to the invention allows the pH of the urine before transformation by fermentation to have a pH adapted to the growth of the microorganisms used for fermentation of urine.
- a variant of the process according to the invention is characterized in that the pH of the urine before and/or during transformation by fermentation is adapted to the growth of the microorganisms used for the fermentation of the urine.
- the step of adding an acid or a base to the basified or acidified urine can be carried out at any time in the process after the basification or acidification step and before the step of transforming the urine by fermentation, especially after the dilution step.
- the method according to the invention may comprise a step of stabilizing the pH, by adding at least one base or at least one acid during the step of transforming the urine by fermentation.
- the method according to the invention may comprise the succession of at least the following steps:
- - fermentation optionally comprising a step of stabilizing the pH, by adding at least one base or one acid.
- the order of the dilution, pH adjustment and filtration steps can be reversed (pH adjustment, dilution, filtration; pH adjustment, filtration, dilution; filtration, dilution, pH adjustment; filtration, pH adjustment, dilution; dilution , filtration, pH adjustment; dilution pH adjustment, filtration).
- the method according to the invention may optionally comprise one or more additional steps before the basification or acidification step, between the basification or acidification and the fermentation or after fermentation, in particular the recovery of co-products such as struvite and biofilms originating from microorganisms, in particular bacteria.
- the urine obtained after the fermentation step is in liquid form.
- the method according to the invention may also comprise an additional step of concentration of microorganisms, in particular bacteria (by any suitable means, in particular centrifugation, dehydration and/or freeze-drying) so as to obtain a product in solid form.
- the process according to the invention can be implemented on an industrial scale, and makes it possible to obtain a product in a few days.
- the method according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to recover a natural raw material currently considered as waste, which today requires significant, costly and unsatisfactory treatment.
- a subject of the invention is also a transformed urine, capable of being obtained by implementing the process according to the invention, that is to say transformed at least by dilution and fermentation.
- micro-organisms preferably bacteria, of at least 10 6 CFU.mL 1 , preferably at least 10 7 CFU.mL 1 ,
- the transformed urine also has at least one of the following characteristics, preferably at least two, even more preferably at least three or all:
- NFU/N-total ratio of less than or equal to 30%; this makes it possible to have an optimum source of nitrogen that can be assimilated by microorganisms, preferably bacteria; - an N-ureic/N-total ratio greater than or equal to 50%; this characteristic makes it possible to have a source of nitrogen that cannot be assimilated by microorganisms, preferentially bacteria, but which releases nitrogen for plants when the transformed urine is used on plants;
- the urine transformed according to the invention is a complex matrix which notably comprises nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It also contains secondary elements, such as calcium and magnesium, as well as trace elements, such as cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc.
- the urine transformed according to the invention can be in liquid form. It is then stored in any suitable container such as bottles, cans, drums or vats, preferably made of opaque plastic or metal resistant to corrosion of acid products or basic products.
- Processed urine can also be in solid form, especially as granules, peels or powders.
- the granules and/or peels can be obtained from mineral substrates, such as zeolite and perlite, as well as from organic substrates, such as guano from bats or birds.
- the urine transformed according to the invention is preferably in compliance with the regulations in force concerning harmlessness, in particular on the content of metallic trace elements and of pathogenic organisms.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of the urine transformed according to the invention, in particular the transformed urine obtained by implementing the process according to the invention, as a fertilizing material.
- an object of the invention is a fertilizer comprising at least the product obtained by implementing the process according to the invention, that is to say a fertilizer comprising at least urine transformed according to the invention.
- the urine transformed according to the invention can be used as a fertilizing material for any type of plant, including in fields, and regardless of the growing media (compost, potting soil, coco, etc.) in particular:
- the use according to the invention is preferably carried out before sowing or in the first weeks of growth of the plants.
- fertilizing material such as mineral and/or organic fertilizers as well as amendments such as compost, in order to improve the absorption of minerals and/or to improve the final quality of the fertilizing material.
- the urine transformed according to the invention can be used in combination with excipients or additives such as in particular one or more adhesives known to those skilled in the art for attaching microorganisms to the parts plants of interest, in particular on seeds.
- the transformed urine is used to stimulate the growth of plants, in particular by stimulating growth in the vegetative phase via growth factors (“Plant Growth Promoting Factors”) produced by micro-organisms present in processed urine, in particular by bacteria.
- Plant Growth Promoting Factors produced by micro-organisms present in processed urine, in particular by bacteria.
- the transformed urine when the transformed urine is liquid, it is preferentially diluted in water.
- the dose of liquid product is recommended between 5 to 50L/ha diluted in 50 to 500L of water.
- the liquid product is used at the rate of 5 to 50mL per liter of water,
- the transformed urine when the transformed urine is solid, it is preferentially applied directly to the ground.
- the dose of use of solid product is recommended between 0.5 to 5 kg/ha.
- the solid product is used at the rate of 0.5 to 5g per plant.
- the product according to the invention can be used in small quantities to obtain a significant effect on the growth of plants.
- the fertilizing material according to the invention comes from a natural product. Its process does not involve any solvent. It is in no way dangerous for humans or the environment.
- a subject of the invention is also the use of co-products obtained during the implementation of a process according to the invention.
- co-products are generated during the storage step before basification and during the fermentation step, and in particular:
- minerals in particular minerals chosen from nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus (struvite),
- the biofilm of microorganisms preferably the surface bacterial biofilm.
- Microorganism biofilm is produced by microorganisms during fermentation.
- Surface bacterial biofilm is produced by bacteria during fermentation. It is composed of exopolysaccharides in particular.
- This surface film can be recovered using a scraper equipped with a mesh filter between 1 and 1 Opm.
- the biofilm can subsequently undergo various treatments, such as washing, dissolving, pressing and/or drying in the open air in order to obtain a material in liquid or solid form.
- co-products have characteristics which advantageously allow their use as fertilizing material, phytosanitary product, biocontrol or any other agricultural use.
- Example 1 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with dilution and Frankia ⁇ Jh.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the final bacterial concentration is of the order of 10 7 CFU.mL 1 .
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows:
- the transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- Example 2 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with basification with
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than 9.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows: - basify 10 L of urine to reach a pH greater than or equal to 9, by adding 0.6% by weight of 30.5% washing soda (60g of washing soda for 10L);
- the transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- Example 3 Process for transforming urine according to the invention with basification with NaOH, dilution, pH adjustment and Rhizobium sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- the mixture has a pH greater than 9.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows:
- the transformed urine obtained has the following characteristics:
- Example 4 Process for transforming a urine according to the invention with lactic acid, dilution and Lactobacillus sp.
- An example of a method according to the invention comprises the following steps: - place 1% by weight of lactic acid in the bottom of the plastic container (for 100L of urine, add 1kg of lactic acid, i.e. approximately 0.83L)
- the mixture has a pH equal to 4.0, it can be stored under these conditions for up to 6 months in an airtight plastic container, at room temperature and protected from light;
- the inoculum used was previously obtained as follows:
- the final concentration of bacteria obtained is of the order of 10 6 CFU.mL 1 .
- the purpose of this test is to evaluate the effect of dilution on the pH of fresh urine.
- the test was carried out on IL of fresh urine having less than 2 hours of storage, or of urine stored for 5 days, or of urine acidified with lactic acid (1% by weight), or of urine basified with washing soda (0.6% by weight).
- Ensifer meliloti (known to be in symbiosis with legumes, in particular alfalfa, by forming nodules on the roots and thus facilitating nitrogen fixation by the plant) to develop on urine .
- the principle of this test is based on a comparison of the bacterial growth of several cultures of E. meliloti according to different modalities (pure urine, urine diluted to 1/2 and urine diluted to 1/5) in order to determine the ideal level of dilution for the growth of the bacteria.
- the Ensifer meliloti strain is used.
- E. meliloti The choice of growth conditions for E. meliloti was made based on a comparison of the concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) present in the reference culture medium (medium of Wright) and those present in urine.
- the nitrogen concentration of the chosen reference medium is zero, unlike the urine-based medium which contains 5 g/L of this element.
- the concentration present in the urine is 0.5 g/L which is higher than that of the reference medium which is 0.09 g/L.
- the potassium concentration is higher in the urine than in the reference medium by 1.5 g/L and 0.22 g/L respectively. It can therefore be concluded that urine is richer in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium than the reference culture medium. Based on these elements, we can assume that the optimal dilution level for the growth of B. meliloti is 1/5. However, tests were carried out on three different culture media: pure urine, urine diluted to 1/2 and urine diluted to 1/5 in order to verify the hypothesis.
- sucrose is the sugar essentially present in most culture media used for the growth of E. meliloti (Shamala, 2006).
- all the cultures were carried out using only sucrose as carbonaceous substrate and at a concentration of 10 g/L.
- the pH was set at 7 and the temperature at 34°C for fermentation under aerobic conditions.
- a pre-culture was carried out using colonies from the agar tube provided by INRAE. Colonies were inoculated into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 100 mL of Rhizobium culture medium (10.0g mannitol, 0.5g potassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2g magnesium sulfate, 0.1g NaCl, 1.0g yeast extract). This pre-culture made it possible to revitalize the cells and obtain a liquid culture highly concentrated in bacteria. After 2 days of incubation at 34° C., the optical density of the preculture was measured and the inoculation rate is calculated and then adjusted in order to guarantee an optical density of 0.05 in all the cultures. Three replicas were made for each modality (undiluted, diluted to half and diluted to 5th).
- the counting of cultivable bacteria or CFU was carried out by counting the colonies. For this, decimal dilutions of the culture to be analyzed are made and deposited (in 10 pL drops) on a box of “Rhizobium” agar medium. The dishes are incubated at room temperature for a few days until the colonies are sufficiently visible to count them.
- the growth results show that after 96 h of culture, a significant difference in the bacterial concentration is observed between pure urine and urine diluted to 1/5.
- the bacterial concentration remains stable for up to 168 hours in urine diluted to 1/5.
- this test made it possible to: - Demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of the bacterial strain Ensifer meliloti to develop in a urine-based culture medium.
- the objective of this test is to evaluate the effectiveness of a urine transformed according to the invention comprising symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria on soybean plants.
- the principle of this test is based on a comparison of the growth of soybean plants in the open field according to different inoculation methods with commercial products containing the bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum (FORCE 48, RHIZOFLO) and the product according to the invention (noted “RHIZOPI” in the figures).
- the product according to the invention is used at different doses (400mL/ha or 5L/ha), with or without adhesive in order to determine the most effective mode of application.
- a strain of Bradyrhizbioum japonicum is used.
- the culture medium used to grow this strain is urine previously diluted to 1/2 with distilled water stabilized by acidification at pH 3.5 (using lactic acid) filtered at 0.2 pm then adjusted to pH 7 with the addition of 30% NaOH. Mannitol is then added as a carbonaceous substrate at a concentration of 30 g/L.
- the culture was carried out in a 100 mL Schott flask, the urine medium was inoculated at 1% with a culture of B. japonicum on YMB in stationary phase. The cultures were then shaken (150 rpm) and incubated at 34°C for a period of 14 days.
- the test is carried out in the open field, in the town of CASTETIS (64300).
- the soybean variety used is the KONTROLL variety.
- the trial is conducted in microplots in randomized Fisher blocks with 4 repetitions. [Table 2]
- the parameters measured aim to estimate the impact of the type of inoculation on plant nodulation, and therefore on their growth, vigor, nutrition and productivity.
- the measures taken are as follows:
- the urine transformed according to the invention makes it possible to obtain results similar to those of the FORCE 48 modality.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2102613A FR3120864B1 (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Process for treating human or animal urine by dilution and fermentation and uses of the urine obtained in particular as a fertilizing material |
PCT/EP2022/056884 WO2022194964A1 (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-16 | Method for treating human or animal urine by dilution and fermentation and uses of the urine obtained in particular as fertilizing substance |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4308525A1 true EP4308525A1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
Family
ID=75850330
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP22715611.4A Pending EP4308525A1 (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-16 | Method for treating human or animal urine by dilution and fermentation and uses of the urine obtained in particular as fertilizing substance |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240166571A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP4308525A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2022236445A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3212472A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3120864B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2022194964A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA202309302B (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL7705741A (en) * | 1976-05-26 | 1977-11-29 | Ass Portland Cement | PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ANIMAL EXTRAS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MATERIALS FOR USE IN ANIMAL FEED OR AS FERTILIZERS. |
HU225517B1 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2007-01-29 | Ulrich Braun | Method and device for sewage treatment |
KR100451856B1 (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2004-10-08 | 서희동 | Composting method of domestic animals feces and urine |
KR100747682B1 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2007-08-09 | 이명규 | Method for treatment of livestock excrements using thermophilic aerobic fermentation, lime solidification and separation by reverse osmosis membrane |
CN104926483A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-23 | 中山市承铭农业技术开发有限公司 | Method for producing liquid fertilizer by use of animal urine |
US11299437B2 (en) * | 2015-12-20 | 2022-04-12 | EnviroKure, Inc. | Nutritional compositions for plants and soils |
CN111377759A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-07 | 广西联环生态科技有限公司 | Fermentation process of liquid organic fertilizer of animal excrement |
-
2021
- 2021-03-16 FR FR2102613A patent/FR3120864B1/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-16 AU AU2022236445A patent/AU2022236445A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-16 CA CA3212472A patent/CA3212472A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-16 EP EP22715611.4A patent/EP4308525A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-16 US US18/281,887 patent/US20240166571A1/en active Pending
- 2022-03-16 WO PCT/EP2022/056884 patent/WO2022194964A1/en active Application Filing
-
2023
- 2023-10-04 ZA ZA2023/09302A patent/ZA202309302B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA202309302B (en) | 2024-04-24 |
AU2022236445A1 (en) | 2023-10-19 |
FR3120864B1 (en) | 2023-10-13 |
FR3120864A1 (en) | 2022-09-23 |
CA3212472A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
US20240166571A1 (en) | 2024-05-23 |
WO2022194964A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US8592343B2 (en) | Polymeric compositions containing rhizobium and/or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria inoculant, use thereof and seeds treated with the compositions | |
CN101717301B (en) | Capsule type microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
CN106187441B (en) | Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
US20190077721A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing organic fertilizers by using organic raw material, antagonistic microorganism, fermentative microorganism, and synthetic microorganism, and organic fertilizers manufactured by said manufacturing method | |
KR101670651B1 (en) | Method for producing fermented liquid fertilizer of manure with reduced odor and heavy metal content using effective microorganism | |
Sharma et al. | Microbiological and enzymatic properties of diverse Jaivik Krishi inputs used in organic farming | |
FR2880344A1 (en) | Organic or mixed organic-inorganic fertilizer containing stimulatory bacteria, useful particularly for non-leguminous crops, includes bacteria selected from soil for hardiness | |
EP4308525A1 (en) | Method for treating human or animal urine by dilution and fermentation and uses of the urine obtained in particular as fertilizing substance | |
KR20170038453A (en) | Compound fertilizer composition | |
WO2022194959A1 (en) | Method for treating human or animal urine by basifiication and uses of the urine obtained in particular as fertilising substance | |
FR3097544A1 (en) | Composition and method for improving plant growth | |
EP4031514A1 (en) | Method for treating human or animal urine and uses of the transformed urine obtained in particular as fertiliser | |
EP3462879B1 (en) | Method for improving the development of plants | |
JP2005532390A (en) | Naturally functional water having deodorizing function and sterilizing power against multidrug-resistant bacteria and method for producing the same | |
FR3090689A1 (en) | Biofertilizing bacterial strain | |
CN115161245B (en) | Cellulose degradation and odor removal composite microbial inoculant as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
RU2777469C1 (en) | Method for processing bedding quail manure | |
CN110872518B (en) | Acid soil conditioner and preparation method and application thereof | |
WO2024194474A1 (en) | Solid product based on transformed urine, preparation process, and uses | |
Kalaiselvi et al. | Impact of post biomethanated distillery spentwash on seed germination and seedling growth of dryland crops | |
Ouhssine et al. | L’application des déchets traités de l’algue Gelidium sesquipédale dans la culture du Maïs | |
FR3121819A1 (en) | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ORGANIC AMENDMENT AND ITS USE AS A BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT | |
EP4413860A1 (en) | Chitosan-based biostimulant composition for plants | |
EP3166407B1 (en) | Use of an organo-mineral composition to increase assimilation of nutrients from the ground by the plant | |
EP4153318A1 (en) | Use of polyamines, tyramine and/or a plant extract containing same to stabilise microorganisms |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20231010 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
RAV | Requested validation state of the european patent: fee paid |
Extension state: TN Effective date: 20231010 Extension state: MA Effective date: 20231010 |